CN218866504U - Distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum measurement and control and quantum measurement and control system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a distributed radio frequency pulse generation device and quantum system of observing and controling for quantum is observed and controled, it has the waveform calculation module to integrate at the device, can cut the calculation task of waveform data into every radio frequency pulse generation device, realize the waveform data calculation of ground in parallel to save the time that whole waveform data spent, be applicable to the control of large-scale quantum bit and the application scene of measurement; meanwhile, the waveform data calculated by the waveform calculation module can be directly output to the waveform generation module, so that the time spent on downloading the waveform data can be saved, and the time cost for controlling and measuring the large-scale qubits can be greatly reduced.

Description

Distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum measurement and control and quantum measurement and control system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of quantum measurement and control, in particular to a distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum measurement and control and a quantum measurement and control system.

Background

The working principle of the quantum computer is as follows: the quantum bit Qubit prepared on the quantum chip is controlled by the quantum measurement and control system, a certain quantum algorithm is realized, and the measurement output of the quantum bit is read by the quantum measurement and control system to obtain a calculation result. The quantum measurement and control system mainly comprises a plurality of functional units such as a low-noise precision voltage unit, a pulse generation unit, a radio frequency pulse unit, a reflection measurement unit and a high-precision microwave source, wherein each measurement and control channel is used for controlling and measuring a corresponding quantum bit. In order to realize quantum computation of more qubits, the quantum measurement and control system must have enough measurement and control channels to support the manipulation and measurement of more qubits.

At present, an architecture of a common quantum measurement and control system supporting multiple bits is shown in fig. 1, an upper computer calculates waveform data of each measurement and control channel, then buffers the waveform data into a RAM, outputs the waveform data buffered in the RAM to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) according to a trigger signal, the DAC generates a waveform signal in real time according to the waveform data, and finally a radio frequency processing unit (RF) generates a corresponding radio frequency pulse signal according to the waveform signal output by the DAC. If the quantum bit number is increased in a large scale, the upper computer calculates the waveform data in a centralized manner, and the calculation time of the waveform data is increased in proportion; taking the calculation time of single-channel radio-frequency pulse waveform data in the order of 50ms as an example, the calculation time required for 1000 qubits is 50s, while the download time of waveform data of each general radio-frequency pulse generation device (including 20 channels) is 1 second, and the download time required for 1000 qubits is 50s; assuming that one quantum experiment generally requires 1000 tests, then a total of (50 + 50) = 1000=1x10^5 seconds, corresponding to 27.8 hours; in particular, the method is limited by the current preparation technology of the qubit and the stability of the quantum measurement and control equipment, and once the quantum experiment lasts for a long time, more uncertainty is introduced to the quantum experiment result.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to: the distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum measurement and control is provided to greatly reduce the time cost of control and measurement of large-scale quantum bits.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum is observed and controled, it includes:

a waveform calculation module configured with: the device comprises an input interface unit, an operation processing unit and an output interface unit;

a waveform generation module configured with: the buffer memory output unit and a plurality of radio frequency signal generating channels; moreover, each radio frequency signal generating channel comprises a digital-to-analog conversion unit and a radio frequency signal processing unit;

the operation processing unit is respectively connected with the input interface unit and the output interface unit, receives waveform parameters of radio frequency signals to be generated by each radio frequency signal generation channel input from the outside through the input interface unit, and transmits waveform data calculated according to the waveform parameters to the cache output unit through the output interface unit;

the buffer output unit is respectively connected with the input port of the digital-to-analog conversion unit of each radio frequency signal generation channel, and transmits waveform data of radio frequency signals to be generated by each radio frequency signal generation channel to the corresponding digital-to-analog conversion unit after receiving a trigger signal; in each radio frequency signal generating channel, the output port of the digital-to-analog conversion unit is connected with the input port of the radio frequency processing unit, and the radio frequency signal processing unit performs signal processing on the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion unit to obtain a corresponding radio frequency signal to be generated.

According to a specific embodiment, the buffer output unit is an FPGA; and RAM resources in the FPGA are used for caching waveform data of radio-frequency signals to be generated by each radio-frequency signal generation channel.

According to a specific implementation manner, the output interface unit is a PCIE interface. Further, the input interface unit is an ethernet network interface; the operation processing unit comprises a central processing unit and a memory thereof.

The utility model discloses an on the other hand still provides a quantum system of observing and controling, and it includes:

the utility model provides a distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum measurement and control;

the upper computer is in communication connection with the distributed radio frequency pulse generation devices for quantum measurement and control through the switch respectively so as to provide all waveform parameters of radio frequency signals to be generated.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the utility model discloses a distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum is observed and controled, through at the device integration have the waveform calculation module, can divide waveform data's calculation task to every radio frequency pulse generation device, realize the calculation of parallel ground waveform data to save the time that whole waveform data spent, be applicable to the control of large-scale qubit and the application scene of measurement; meanwhile, the waveform data calculated by the waveform calculating module can be directly output to the waveform generating module, so that the time spent on downloading the waveform data can be saved, and the time cost of control and measurement of large-scale quantum bits can be greatly reduced.

Description of the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of a conventional quantum measurement and control system supporting multiple bits;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the distributed rf pulse generator of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed RF pulse generator according to an embodiment;

fig. 4 is the utility model discloses a quantum system of observing and controling's structural schematic.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 2, the utility model provides a distributed radio frequency pulse generation device 100 for quantum is observed and controled, it includes:

a waveform calculation module 110 configured with: the device comprises an input interface unit, an operation processing unit and an output interface unit;

a waveform generation module 120 configured with: the buffer memory output unit and a plurality of radio frequency signal generating channels; moreover, each radio frequency signal generating channel comprises a digital-to-analog conversion unit and a radio frequency signal processing unit;

the operation processing unit is respectively connected with the input interface unit and the output interface unit, receives waveform parameters of each externally input radio frequency signal generation channel for generating radio frequency signals through the input interface unit, and transmits waveform data calculated according to the waveform parameters to the cache output unit through the output interface unit;

the buffer output unit is respectively connected with the input port of the digital-to-analog conversion unit of each radio frequency signal generation channel, and the quantum measurement and control needs to keep the synchronism among the radio frequency pulses under each channel, so that the buffer output unit needs to transmit waveform data of radio frequency signals to be generated by each radio frequency signal generation channel to the corresponding digital-to-analog conversion unit after receiving an external trigger signal; in each radio frequency signal generating channel, the output port of the digital-to-analog conversion unit is connected with the input port of the radio frequency processing unit, and the radio frequency signal processing unit performs signal processing on the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion unit to obtain a corresponding radio frequency signal to be generated.

Therefore, the utility model discloses an it has the waveform calculation module to integrate at the device, can divide the calculation task of waveform data into every radio frequency pulse generating device, can realize the calculation of parallel ground waveform data to save the time that whole waveform data spent, be applicable to the control of extensive qubit and the application scene of measurement; meanwhile, the waveform data calculated by the waveform calculation module can be directly output to the waveform generation module, so that the time spent on downloading the waveform data can be saved, and the time cost for controlling and measuring the large-scale qubits can be greatly reduced.

In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in the distributed radio frequency pulse generating apparatus 100 for quantum measurement and control, the buffer output unit is an FPGA; and RAM resources in the FPGA are used for caching waveform data of each radio-frequency signal generation channel for generating radio-frequency signals. Meanwhile, the output interface unit is a PCIE interface, the input interface unit is an Ethernet interface, and the operation processing unit comprises a central processing unit CPU and a memory RAM thereof.

Specifically, because a plurality of hardware resources which can be set in a programmable manner are integrated in the FPGA, the PCIE interface hardware resources and the corresponding RAM resources can be called through the hardware setting, so that the waveform data is received through the PCIE interface, and the received waveform data is stored in the corresponding RAM resources. Furthermore, the utility model discloses in, the waveform calculation module generates corresponding waveform parameter through operation quantum test algorithm, does not relate to specific quantum test algorithm's improvement, only carries out distributed architecture design through calculating the resource to the waveform data, realizes reducing control and measuring time cost of extensive quantum bit by a wide margin.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a quantum measurement and control system 10 as shown in fig. 4, which includes:

the system comprises an upper computer 300, a switch 200 and one or more distributed radio frequency pulse generation devices 100 for quantum measurement and control provided by the utility model;

the upper computer 300 is in communication connection with each distributed radio frequency pulse generation device 100 for quantum measurement and control through the switch 200, so as to provide all waveform parameters of radio frequency signals to be generated.

Therefore, the utility model discloses an among the quantum measurement and control system, because host computer 300 only provides the waveform parameter who is used for controlling the radio frequency pulse of qubit, this waveform parameter generally includes frequency, envelope ID etc. therefore the data bulk is very little, can make the host computer under its limited operational capability condition, calculate the waveform parameter who is used for controlling the radio frequency pulse of more qubits, simultaneously, because the integration of radio frequency pulse generating device 100 has waveform calculation module, can cut apart the calculation task of waveform data to every radio frequency pulse generating device, realize the calculation of waveform data on the ground in parallel, thereby save the time that whole waveform data spent, be applicable to the control of large-scale qubit and the application scene of measurement; meanwhile, the waveform data calculated by the waveform calculating module can be directly output to the waveform generating module, so that the time spent on downloading the waveform data can be saved, and the time cost of control and measurement of large-scale quantum bits can be greatly reduced.

In implementation, the calculation time of the single-channel radio-frequency pulse waveform is in the order of 50ms, and for a radio-frequency pulse generation unit with 20 channels, the calculation time is 1s; the waveform parameters are provided by the upper computer, the data volume is small, the downloading time of the waveform data of each radio frequency pulse generating device (comprising 20 channels) is 0.1 second, 50 radio frequency pulse generating devices (comprising 20 channels) are needed for 1000 qubits, and the total downloading time is 50 x 0.1=5s; assuming that one quantum experiment generally requires 1000 tests, since the waveform calculation is distributed parallel, then (1s + 5s) × 1000=6000 seconds, about 1.7 hours, are required in total; compared with the quantum measurement and control system architecture shown in fig. 1, the time spent by the same quantum experiment is accelerated by 16 times, the quantum experiment time is shortened, and more uncertainties can be avoided from being introduced into the quantum experiment result.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum measurement and control is characterized by comprising:

a waveform calculation module configured with: the device comprises an input interface unit, an operation processing unit and an output interface unit;

a waveform generation module configured to have: the buffer memory output unit and a plurality of radio frequency signal generating channels; moreover, each radio frequency signal generating channel comprises a digital-to-analog conversion unit and a radio frequency signal processing unit;

the operation processing unit is respectively connected with the input interface unit and the output interface unit, receives waveform parameters of each externally input radio frequency signal generation channel for generating radio frequency signals through the input interface unit, and transmits waveform data calculated according to the waveform parameters to the cache output unit through the output interface unit;

the buffer output unit is respectively connected with the input port of the digital-to-analog conversion unit of each radio-frequency signal generation channel, and transmits waveform data of radio-frequency signals to be generated by each radio-frequency signal generation channel to the corresponding digital-to-analog conversion unit after receiving a trigger signal; in each radio frequency signal generating channel, the output port of the digital-to-analog conversion unit is connected with the input port of the radio frequency signal processing unit, and the radio frequency signal processing unit performs signal processing on the analog signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion unit to obtain a corresponding radio frequency signal to be generated.

2. The distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum measurement and control according to claim 1, wherein the buffer output unit is an FPGA; and RAM resources in the FPGA are used for caching waveform data of radio-frequency signals to be generated by each radio-frequency signal generation channel.

3. The distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum measurement and control as claimed in claim 2, wherein the output interface unit is a PCIE interface.

4. The distributed radio frequency pulse generation device for quantum measurement and control according to claim 3, wherein the input interface unit is an Ethernet network interface; the operation processing unit comprises a central processing unit and a memory thereof.

5. A quantum measurement and control system is characterized by comprising:

the system comprises an upper computer, a switch and one or more distributed radio frequency pulse generation devices for quantum measurement and control as claimed in any one of claims 1~4;

the upper computer is in communication connection with the distributed radio frequency pulse generation devices for quantum measurement and control through the switch respectively so as to provide all waveform parameters of radio frequency signals to be generated.

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