CN218788115U - Near-to-eye display equipment - Google Patents
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- CN218788115U CN218788115U CN202223214006.8U CN202223214006U CN218788115U CN 218788115 U CN218788115 U CN 218788115U CN 202223214006 U CN202223214006 U CN 202223214006U CN 218788115 U CN218788115 U CN 218788115U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model discloses a near-to-eye display device, including micro projection module and diffraction light waveguide, diffraction light waveguide includes at least one deck waveguide basement, and waveguide basement surface is provided with at least one coupling-in grating and at least one coupling-out grating; image light is coupled into the waveguide substrate from the coupling-in grating and is transmitted to the coupling-out grating in the waveguide substrate by total internal reflection and is coupled out; the image light comprises red light, green light and blue light, at least one layer of antireflection film is arranged on the exit surface of the coupling light grating, and the transmittance of the antireflection film to the red light is greater than that of the antireflection film to the green light and the blue light. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the utility model, solved because balanced light engine outgoing red light luminance is far less than blue and green light, and red light thermal attenuation is serious, and each colour luminance of diffraction light waveguide outgoing image light is inhomogeneous, and then influences AR display system's display effect's problem.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a show technical field, especially relate to a near-to-eye display device.
Background
The AR display system consists of a micro-projection module and a diffraction light waveguide, and the light emitting efficiency of the micro-projection module and the light emitting efficiency of the diffraction light waveguide have important influence on the final display effect of the display system.
Depending on the light emitting device, the micro-projection module can be divided into various types, the most important of which are: silicon-based liquid crystal (Lcos), digital Light Processing (DLP), organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), micro-light emitting diode (Micro-LED) light engine, etc., wherein the OLED and the Micro-LED are self-luminous elements, which can greatly reduce the volume of the Micro-projection module and make the product more easily to be brought to the consumer-grade market. However, the OLED has low luminous efficiency and low matching brightness with the diffraction optical waveguide, and is difficult to meet the use requirement.
The Micro-LED has high luminous efficiency, high brightness and good display effect, but the luminous efficiency of each color is unbalanced, the luminous efficiency of the green and blue Micro-LEDs is far higher than that of the red Micro-LED, and the red Micro-LED can generate serious thermal attenuation along with the increase of lighting time, so that the single green Micro-LED is more matched with a diffraction light waveguide at present, and the full-color Micro-LED Micro-projection engine-driven AR display system is difficult to realize high brightness and high color uniformity.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides a near-to-eye display device has solved because the red light luminance of little projection module outgoing is far below blue and green light, and red light thermal attenuation is serious, and each colour luminance of diffraction light waveguide outgoing image light is inhomogeneous, and then influences AR display system's display effect's problem.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a near-eye display device, wherein the device comprises a Micro-projection module and a diffractive light waveguide, the Micro-projection module comprises a red Micro LED, a green Micro LED and a blue Micro LED, the diffractive light waveguide comprises at least one layer of waveguide substrate, and the surface of the waveguide substrate is provided with at least one in-coupling grating and at least one out-coupling grating;
the image light emitted by the micro-projection module is coupled into the waveguide substrate from the coupling-in grating and is transmitted to the coupling-out grating in the waveguide substrate by total internal reflection and is coupled out;
the image light comprises red light, green light and blue light, at least one layer of antireflection film is arranged on the emergent face of the light coupling grating, the transmittance of the antireflection film to the red light is larger than that of the antireflection film to the green light, and the transmittance of the antireflection film to the red light is larger than that of the antireflection film to the blue light.
Optionally, the transmittance of the antireflection film to a 600 nm-650 nm red light wave band is greater than or equal to 90%.
Optionally, the transmittance of the antireflection film to red light is T R The transmittance of the antireflection film to green light is T G The transmittance of the antireflection film to blue light is T B ，T G ＝T B ＝T R /10。
Optionally, the diffractive light waveguide includes a first waveguide substrate and at least one second waveguide substrate stacked together, where a thickness of the second waveguide substrate is greater than a thickness of the first waveguide substrate, an intensity of blue light transmitted in the first waveguide substrate is greater than an intensity of blue light transmitted in the second waveguide substrate, and an intensity of red light transmitted in the first waveguide substrate is less than an intensity of red light transmitted in the second waveguide substrate.
Optionally, the thickness of the first waveguide substrate is 0.4mm to 0.6mm, and the thickness of the second waveguide substrate is 0.7mm to 1.5mm.
Optionally, a reflective film is disposed on a surface of the second waveguide substrate on a side away from the coupled-in grating, an area where the reflective film is located corresponds to the coupled-in grating, and a reflectivity of the reflective film to a 600 nm-650 nm red light band is greater than or equal to 90%.
Optionally, the first waveguide substrate is located on a side of the second waveguide substrate close to a human eye, or the first waveguide substrate is located on a side of the second waveguide substrate far from the human eye.
Optionally, at least one exit pupil expansion grating is further included between the incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating, and the image light incoupled from the incoupling grating is transmitted to the outcoupling grating after being expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating.
Optionally, the coupling grating includes a volume holographic grating or a surface relief grating, and the coupling grating includes a volume holographic grating or a surface relief grating.
Optionally, the incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating are transmission gratings or reflection gratings.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a technical scheme, realize the color display through the image light of three kinds of colours of micro-projection module output, include at least one deck waveguide basement through setting up the diffraction light waveguide, and set up at least one deck antireflection coating at coupling light grating exit surface, this antireflection coating is greater than the transmissivity to green light and blue light to the transmissivity of red light, solved because micro-projection module outgoing red light luminance is far less than blue and green light, and red light thermal attenuation is serious, diffraction light waveguide outgoing image light each colour luminance is inhomogeneous, and then influence AR display system's display effect's problem.
It should be understood that the statements herein are not intended to identify key or critical features of any embodiment of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a diffractive optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-eye display device provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the near-eye display device provided by this embodiment includes a Micro projection module 40 and a diffractive light waveguide 100, the Micro projection module 40 includes a red Micro LED, a green Micro LED and a blue Micro LED, the diffractive light waveguide 100 includes: at least one layer of waveguide substrate 10, at least one incoupling grating 20 and at least one outcoupling grating 30 are arranged on the surface of the waveguide substrate 10. The image light emitted from the micro-projection module 40 is coupled into the waveguide substrate 10 from the incoupling grating 20, and is transmitted to the outcoupling grating 30 by total internal reflection in the waveguide substrate 10. The image light includes red light, green light and blue light, at least one layer of antireflection film 50 is disposed on the exit surface of the coupling grating 30, the transmittance of the antireflection film 50 for the red light is greater than that of the antireflection film 50 for the green light, and the transmittance of the antireflection film 50 for the red light is greater than that of the antireflection film 50 for the blue light.
Among them, the kind of the waveguide substrate 10, for example, the transmission efficiency of emitting three color lights to the micro-projection module 40; specifications of the waveguide substrate 10, such as thickness; when the number of the waveguide substrates 10 and the number of the waveguide substrates 10 are plural, the setting position of each waveguide substrate may be set according to an actual requirement, which is not limited herein. The specifications of the incoupling grating 20 and the outcoupling grating 30, such as the grating period, the grating dimension, and the number of the outcoupling gratings 30, can be set according to actual requirements, and are not limited herein. The transmittance of the antireflection film 50 for the three colors of red, green, and blue light can be determined according to the transmission efficiency of the three colors of light in the waveguide substrate and the international commission on illumination (CIE) test, and the luminance ratio of the three primary colors of red, green, and blue is 1.0000:4.5907: when the light transmittance is 0.0601, the light transmittance of the antireflection film 50 can be calculated by matching with neutral-color equivalent white light, or the light transmittance is calculated according to the brightness requirement of the three-color light, and the specific numerical value of the light transmittance is not limited herein.
Specifically, the red Micro LED, the green Micro LED and the blue Micro LED of the Micro-projection module 40 emit image lights of red light, green light and blue light, respectively, the three-color light is coupled into the waveguide substrate 10 by the coupling grating 20, is totally reflected in the waveguide substrate 10, is coupled out by the coupling grating 30, is emitted through the antireflection film 50, and more red light is emitted according to the actual transmittance of the antireflection film 50.
The technical scheme of the utility model, realize the color display through the image light of three kinds of colours of micro-projection module output, include at least one deck waveguide basement through setting up the diffraction light waveguide, and set up at least one deck antireflection coating at coupling grating exit surface, this antireflection coating is greater than the transmissivity to green light to red light's transmissivity, and be greater than the transmissivity of antireflection coating to blue light to red light's transmissivity, solved because micro-projection module outgoing red light luminance is far less than blue and green light, and red light thermal attenuation is serious, diffraction light waveguide outgoing image light each colour luminance is inhomogeneous, and then influence AR display system's display effect's problem.
Optionally, the transmittance of the antireflection film 50 to the red light band of 600nm to 650nm is greater than or equal to 90%.
Wherein, the red light wave band of 600 nm-650 nm is the red light emitted by the red Micro LED.
Specifically, the transmittance of the antireflection film 50 for a red light wave band of 600nm to 650nm is set to be greater than or equal to 90%, so that the image light of the red light wave band in the image light emitted by the micro-projection module has a higher transmittance, and the uniformity of the image display effect of the AR display system is ensured.
Optionally, the transmittance of the anti-reflection film 50 to red light is T R The transmittance of the anti-reflection film 50 to green light is T G The transmittance of the anti-reflection film to blue light is T B ，T G ＝T B ＝T R /10。
The light effects of the green Micro-LED and the blue Micro-LED are relatively close to each other and are about 10 times of the light effect of the red Micro-LED, so that the diffraction efficiency of red light in the diffraction optical waveguide needs to be improved, and the efficiency ratio of each color of the optical waveguide needs to be matched with the efficiency ratio of each color of the Micro-LED.
The color matching test by the international commission on illumination (CIE) showed that: when the brightness ratio of the three primary colors of red, green and blue is 1.0000:4.5907:0.0601, the equal-energy white light of the neutral color can be matched, and although the brightness values of the three primary colors are not equal, the CIE treats the brightness value of each primary color as a unit, so that the white light is obtained by mixing the red, green and blue primary colors in equal proportion in the color light additive method. The expression is (R) + (G) + (B) = (W).
The luminous flux emitted by the R/G/B Micro-LED is assumed to be as follows: phi (phi) of R 、Φ G 、Φ B The efficiency of each color of R/G/B in the diffraction optical waveguide is respectively as follows: e R 、E G 、E B 。
Then, in order to achieve higher color uniformity of the final display, the luminous flux emitted from the R/G/B Micro-LED and the efficiency of diffracting each color of R/G/B in the optical waveguide should satisfy the following conditions:
(Φ R *E R )： (Φ G *E G )： (Φ B *E B ) =1.0000:4.5907:0.0601 (formula 1)
The technical current situation of the efficiency of the existing R/G/B Micro-LED can be equivalent to that of the following:
10*Φ R ＝Φ G ＝Φ B (formula 2)
The following can be obtained:
E B ＝0.00601*E R ,E G ＝0.45907*E R (formula 3)
Because the energy of the red light engine is the lowest, the energy corresponding to the red light in the diffraction optical waveguide needs to be higher, and the higher the energy of the red light is, the higher the overall energy after color matching is. The energy of blue and green is made to satisfy the relationship described in equation 3 in consideration of the color mixture ratio.
T G 、T B 、T R The specific value of (a) can be set according to the imaging requirement, and is not limited herein, for example, T can be set according to the requirement for the brightness of red light R =90%, may result in T G ＝T B ＝T R /10=9%, T may be set according to the brightness requirement of the blue or green light G ＝T B =9.2%, and T can be obtained R =92%. In specific implementation, T can be set R >99.5% transmittance T of green and blue light band G ＝T B ＝T R And/10, adjusting the energy ratio of different wave bands received by human eyes, and maximizing the transmittance of each wave band. The antireflection film layer may be one layer or a plurality of layers, preferably one layer.
The transmission rate of the antireflection film 50 for red, green and blue light is set to be T by arranging the antireflection film 50 on the exit surface of the coupling grating 30 G ＝T B ＝T R And 10, the problem that efficiency difference exists among three colors of light rays included in the light rays of the emergent image of the micro-projection module is solved.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, the diffractive light waveguide includes waveguide substrates that are arranged in layers, and the respective waveguide substrates differ in transmission intensity and thickness for three-color light rays.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the diffractive light waveguide includes a first waveguide substrate 11 and at least one second waveguide substrate 12 stacked together, a thickness of the second waveguide substrate 12 is greater than a thickness of the first waveguide substrate 11, an intensity of blue light transmitted in the first waveguide substrate 11 is greater than an intensity of blue light transmitted in the second waveguide substrate 12, and an intensity of red light transmitted in the first waveguide substrate 11 is less than an intensity of red light transmitted in the second waveguide substrate 12.
The specifications and the arrangement positions of the first waveguide substrate 11 and the second waveguide substrate 12 may be set according to the energy ratio of the three colors of light emitted by the actual micro-projection module, which is not limited herein. The number of layers of the second waveguide substrate 12 may be set according to the volume requirement for the waveguide substrate, such as one layer or two layers, but is not limited thereto. In practical implementation, a plurality of layers of the second waveguide substrate can be used to improve the red light efficiency, the number of layers that can be stacked depends on the efficiency requirement, the more the number of stacked layers, the higher the energy, but the overall waveguide thickness will increase, which affects the appearance, and is preferably one layer.
Specifically, three color image light rays are coupled into the first waveguide substrate 11, a part of the image light rays are transmitted by total reflection in the first waveguide substrate 11, a part of the image light rays penetrate through the first waveguide substrate 11, enter the second waveguide substrate 12, are transmitted by total reflection in the second waveguide substrate 12, and the image light rays transmitted by total reflection in the first waveguide substrate 11 and the second waveguide substrate 12 are coupled out from one side of the first waveguide substrate 11. Since the intensity of the blue light transmitted in the first waveguide substrate 11 is greater than that of the blue light transmitted in the second waveguide substrate 12, the efficiency of the blue and green light totally reflected and transmitted by the first waveguide substrate 11 is greater than that of the red light. And, since the intensity of the red light transmitted in the first waveguide substrate 11 is less than the intensity of the red light transmitted in the second waveguide substrate 12. Further, the efficiency of the red light totally reflected and transmitted by the second waveguide substrate 12 is greater than that of the blue and green light, and the thickness of the second waveguide substrate 22 is greater than that of the first waveguide substrate 11, so that the light loss of the red light in the total reflection process can be effectively reduced. And thus the effect that the first waveguide substrate 11 transmits blue and green light and the second waveguide substrate 12 transmits red and green light is achieved.
Optionally, the thickness of the first waveguide substrate 11 is 0.4mm to 0.6mm, and the thickness of the second waveguide substrate 12 is 0.7mm to 1.5mm.
Specifically, the thicknesses of the first waveguide substrate 11 and the second waveguide substrate 12 may be set according to the transmission efficiency relationship of the red, green, and blue light in the diffractive optical waveguide according to the luminance ratio of the red, green, and blue light and the transmission efficiency of the red, green, and blue light in the diffractive optical waveguide given by the international commission on illumination (CIE).
It should be noted that, when the transmission intensity of the first waveguide substrate 11 and the second waveguide substrate 12 for the three-color light is defined, the period of the incoupling grating and the outcoupling grating is selected to be favorable for the grating period of the red light diffraction, and the period of the second waveguide substrate 12 needs to make the field of view of the red light completely transmitted, and the field of view of the green light can be spliced with the field of view of the green light of the first waveguide substrate 11 to form a complete field of view.
To sum up, the utility model discloses technical scheme realizes red light and green light through setting up two-layer waveguide basement at least to and the difference transmission of green light and blue light, effectively improves the transmission efficiency of red light.
Optionally, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a reflective film 60 is disposed on a surface of the second waveguide substrate 12 on a side away from the coupling grating 20, a region where the reflective film 60 is located corresponds to the coupling grating 20, and a reflectivity of the reflective film 60 to a red light band of 600nm to 650nm is greater than or equal to 90%.
The material and specification of the reflective film 60 can be set according to actual requirements, and are not limited herein.
Specifically, the light coupled into the grating T0 order directly passes through the waveguide substrate and is not totally reflected within the waveguide substrate. The surface of the second waveguide substrate 12 on the side away from the coupled-in grating 20 is provided with the reflective film 60, the image light is coupled into the second waveguide substrate 12, the reflective film 60 reflects the light which cannot be totally reflected back into the second waveguide substrate 12, and the reflectivity of the reflective film 60 to the red light wave band of 600nm to 650nm is greater than or equal to 90%, so that the utilization rate of the red light is improved.
In addition, for a waveguide with specific wavelength and specific refractive index, the selection range of the grating period can be limited, different grating periods can correspond to different efficiency distributions within the specific limitation range, and in specific implementation, the period which is beneficial to improving the red light efficiency can be selected according to the curve that the red light diffraction efficiency changes along with the period, so that the red light efficiency is increased. The waveguide under the condition is a double-layer diffraction optical waveguide, the second waveguide substrate transmits red light and green light, the period of the second waveguide substrate needs to enable the field of view of the red light to be completely transmitted, and the field of view of the green light in the first waveguide substrate are spliced into a complete field of view.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the first waveguide substrate 11 is located on the side of the second waveguide substrate 12 close to the human eye, or as shown in fig. 4, the first waveguide substrate 11 is located on the side of the second waveguide substrate 12 away from the human eye.
Specifically, the first waveguide substrate 11 is located on a side of the second waveguide substrate 12 away from the human eye, and the image light is coupled out by the coupling-out grating 30 disposed on the surface of the second waveguide substrate 12, it can be understood that, according to the above embodiment, the transmission intensity of the second waveguide substrate 12 for the red light is greater than that of the first waveguide substrate 11, and the second waveguide substrate 12 is disposed on a side close to the human eye, which effectively reduces the energy loss caused by diffraction when the image light passes through the lamination of the two waveguide substrates. When the first waveguide substrate 11 is located on a side of the second waveguide substrate 12 close to human eyes, image light is coupled out by the coupling-out grating 30 disposed on the surface of the first waveguide substrate 11.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a diffractive optical waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, optionally, at least one exit pupil expansion grating 60 is further included between the coupling-in grating 20 and the coupling-out grating 30, and the image light coupled in from the coupling-in grating 20 is transmitted to the coupling-out grating 30 after being expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating 60.
The specification and number of the exit pupil expanding gratings 60 may be set according to actual requirements, and are not limited herein.
Specifically, the image light is coupled into the waveguide substrate 10 by the coupling grating 20, expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating 60, transmitted to the coupling grating 30, and coupled out of the waveguide substrate 10 by the coupling grating 30, so as to realize pupil expansion.
Optionally, the incoupling grating 20 comprises a volume holographic grating or a surface relief grating and the outcoupling grating 30 comprises a volume holographic grating or a surface relief grating.
Optionally, the incoupling grating 20 and the outcoupling grating 30 are transmission gratings or reflection gratings. The specific implementation can be designed according to the actual situation, and is not limited herein.
The above detailed description does not limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A near-eye display device is characterized by comprising a Micro-projection module and a diffraction light waveguide, wherein the Micro-projection module comprises a red Micro LED, a green Micro LED and a blue Micro LED, the diffraction light waveguide comprises at least one layer of waveguide substrate, and the surface of the waveguide substrate is provided with at least one in-coupling grating and at least one out-coupling grating;
image light emitted by the micro-projection module is coupled into the waveguide substrate from the coupling-in grating and is transmitted to the coupling-out grating in the waveguide substrate by total internal reflection;
the image light comprises red light, green light and blue light, at least one layer of antireflection film is arranged on the emergent surface of the coupling light grating, the transmittance of the antireflection film to the red light is larger than that of the antireflection film to the green light, and the transmittance of the antireflection film to the red light is larger than that of the antireflection film to the blue light.
2. The near-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the antireflection film has a transmittance of 90% or more in a red wavelength band from 600nm to 650 nm.
3. The near-eye display device of claim 1, wherein the antireflection film has a transmittance of T for red light rays R The transmittance of the antireflection film to green light is T G The transmittance of the antireflection film to blue light is T B ，T G ＝T B ＝T R /10。
4. A near-eye display device according to claim 1 comprising a first waveguide substrate and at least one layer of a second waveguide substrate arranged in a stack, the second waveguide substrate having a thickness greater than the first waveguide substrate, the intensity of blue light transmitted within the first waveguide substrate being greater than the intensity of blue light transmitted within the second waveguide substrate, the intensity of red light transmitted within the first waveguide substrate being less than the intensity of red light transmitted within the second waveguide substrate.
5. The near-eye display device of claim 4 wherein the first waveguide substrate has a thickness of 0.4mm to 0.6mm and the second waveguide substrate has a thickness of 0.7mm to 1.5mm.
6. The near-eye display device of claim 4, wherein a reflective film is disposed on a surface of the second waveguide substrate on a side away from the in-coupling grating, an area of the reflective film corresponds to the in-coupling grating, and a reflectivity of the reflective film to a red light band of 600nm to 650nm is greater than or equal to 90%.
7. A near-eye display device as claimed in claim 4 wherein the first waveguide substrate is located on a side of the second waveguide substrate that is closer to the human eye or the first waveguide substrate is located on a side of the second waveguide substrate that is further from the human eye.
8. The near-eye display device of claim 1, further comprising at least one exit pupil expansion grating between the in-coupling grating and the out-coupling grating, wherein the image light coupled in from the in-coupling grating is transmitted to the out-coupling grating after being expanded by the exit pupil expansion grating.
9. The near-eye display device of claim 1 wherein the incoupling grating comprises a volume holographic grating or a surface relief grating and the outcoupling grating comprises a volume holographic grating or a surface relief grating.
10. A near-eye display device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the incoupling and outcoupling gratings are transmission gratings or reflection gratings.
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