CN218640706U - Heating circuit based on grouping battery and electric vehicle - Google Patents
Heating circuit based on grouping battery and electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a heating circuit and electric vehicle based on grouping battery, and relates to the technical field of power batteries. The heating circuit based on the grouped batteries comprises a battery mechanism group, a shunt relay group, an inverter bridge mechanism and a driving motor; the battery mechanism group comprises a plurality of groups of battery mechanisms, the shunt relay group comprises a plurality of shunt relays, the plurality of groups of battery mechanisms are connected in parallel, the number of the battery mechanisms is the same as that of the shunt relays, and each battery mechanism is connected with the corresponding shunt relay in series; one end of the inverse bridge mechanism is connected with the positive electrode of the battery mechanism, and the other end of the inverse bridge mechanism is connected with the negative electrode of the battery mechanism; the driving motor is connected with the inverter bridge mechanism. The heating circuit based on the grouped batteries can achieve the technical effect of improving the heating efficiency of the batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a heating circuit based on a grouping battery and an electric vehicle.
Background
At present, a BEV (battery electric vehicle) in a new energy vehicle is a vehicle which uses a vehicle-mounted power supply as power and drives wheels by a motor to run, and meets various requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. The automobile has smaller influence on the environment compared with the traditional automobile, so the automobile has wide prospect, and the working principle is that the automobile is driven to run by a power battery, a power regulator, a motor, a power transmission system, wherein the power battery is one of main components.
In the prior art, the low-temperature performance of the power battery of the electric automobile is poor, so that the battery temperature needs to be improved at a low temperature. The principle of the existing heating technology without adding extra cost, namely a battery self-heating technology, is to charge and store energy for a stator winding of a driving motor by using a motor controller, then discharge and release energy, and repeat the steps, so that the battery is repeatedly charged and discharged, and the internal resistance of the battery is heated by using charging and discharging current to generate heat. In the self-heating technology of the battery, the magnitude of alternating current flowing into the battery is mainly related to the magnitude of energy storage and the frequency of energy storage and release of a motor winding, as well as the magnitude of a direct current supporting capacitor on a high-voltage bus, parasitic inductance in a circuit and ohmic resistance inside the battery. Because of the low internal resistance of the battery, it is necessary to manage to generate a large ac current in the dc bus in order to obtain sufficient heating power, and such a large ac current rapidly heats the motor windings, the connecting conductors, the bus support capacitor, the high voltage wiring harness between the battery pack and the inverter, thereby limiting the heating effect of the battery pack due to the temperature rise of these components.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the embodiment of the application is to provide a heating circuit and an electric vehicle based on grouping batteries, which can realize the technical effect of improving the battery heating efficiency.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a heating circuit based on grouped batteries, including a battery mechanism set, a shunt relay set, an inverter bridge mechanism and a driving motor;
the battery mechanism group comprises a plurality of groups of battery mechanisms, the shunt relay group comprises a plurality of shunt relays, the plurality of groups of battery mechanisms are connected in parallel, the number of the battery mechanisms is the same as that of the shunt relays, and each battery mechanism is connected with the corresponding shunt relay in series;
one end of the inverter bridge mechanism is connected with the positive electrode of the battery mechanism, and the other end of the inverter bridge mechanism is connected with the negative electrode of the battery mechanism;
the driving motor is connected with the inverter bridge mechanism.
In the implementation process, the heating circuit based on the grouped batteries divides the batteries into a plurality of groups of battery mechanisms by grouping the batteries, each group of battery mechanisms is connected with one shunt relay in series, so that the on-off of the circuit of each group of battery mechanisms can be controlled independently, the on-off time and the cycle period of each group of battery mechanisms can be controlled according to the thermal inertia time of the batteries, and the heating power of the battery pack is further effectively improved; therefore, the heating circuit based on the grouped batteries can achieve the technical effect of improving the heating efficiency of the batteries.
Furthermore, the inverter bridge mechanism comprises three groups of half-bridge mechanisms, the three groups of half-bridge mechanisms are connected in parallel, one end of each half-bridge mechanism is connected with the anode of the battery mechanism, and the other end of each half-bridge mechanism is connected with the cathode of the battery mechanism.
Further, the half-bridge mechanism comprises two semiconductor power switching tubes, and the two semiconductor power switching tubes are connected in series.
Furthermore, the semiconductor power switch tube is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
Furthermore, the semiconductor power switch tube is a field effect tube.
Furthermore, the driving motor is a three-phase motor, and three-phase cables of the three-phase motor are respectively connected with the three groups of half-bridge mechanisms.
Furthermore, the heating circuit further comprises a direct current bus capacitor, one end of the direct current bus capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the battery mechanism, and the other end of the direct current bus capacitor is connected with the negative electrode of the battery mechanism.
Further, the heating circuit further comprises a main relay, and the main relay is connected with the battery mechanism group in series.
In the implementation process, the on-off of each battery mechanism in the battery mechanism group is controlled through a main relay.
Further, the parameters of the multiple groups of battery mechanisms are the same.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electric vehicle including the group battery-based heating circuit of any one of the first aspects.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the above-described techniques.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a grouped battery based heating circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a heating circuit with ungrouped batteries according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of a heating circuit with ungrouped batteries according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between a heat generation power ratio and the number of packets according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The embodiment of the application provides a heating circuit based on a grouped battery and an electric vehicle, which can be applied to a self-heating scene of a vehicle power battery; the heating circuit based on the grouped batteries divides the batteries into a plurality of groups of battery mechanisms, and each group of battery mechanisms is connected with one shunt relay in series, so that the on-off of the circuit of each group of battery mechanisms can be controlled independently, the on-off time and the cycle period of each group of battery mechanisms can be controlled according to the thermal inertia time of the batteries, and the heating power of a battery pack is effectively improved; therefore, the heating circuit based on the grouped batteries can achieve the technical effect of improving the heating efficiency of the batteries.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a heating circuit based on a grouped battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the heating circuit based on a grouped battery includes a battery mechanism group 100, a shunt relay group 200, an inverter bridge mechanism 300, and a driving motor 400.
Illustratively, the battery mechanism set 100 includes a plurality of sets of battery mechanisms, and the shunt relay set 200 includes a plurality of shunt relays, the plurality of sets of battery mechanisms are connected in parallel, the number of battery mechanisms is the same as the number of shunt relays, and each battery mechanism is connected in series with a corresponding shunt relay.
In some embodiments (as shown in fig. 1), the battery mechanism set 100 includes three sets of battery mechanisms U1 to U3, and the three sets of battery mechanisms U1 to U3 are connected in parallel; the shunt relay group 200 also includes three sets of shunt relays Kp1 to Kp3, wherein the battery mechanism U1 is connected in series with the shunt relays Kp1, wherein the battery mechanism U2 is connected in series with the shunt relays Kp2, and wherein the battery mechanism U3 is connected in series with the shunt relays Kp 3.
Illustratively, one end of the inverter bridge mechanism 300 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery mechanism, and the other end of the inverter bridge mechanism 300 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery mechanism.
Illustratively, the inverter bridge mechanism 300 constitutes the primary structure of the inverter; the inverter is a converter which converts direct current electric energy (batteries and storage batteries) into constant-frequency constant-voltage or frequency-modulation voltage-regulation alternating current. It is composed of inverter bridge, control logic and filter circuit. In the embodiment of the present application, the inverter bridge mechanism 300 may convert the dc voltage of the battery mechanism set 100 into an ac voltage.
Illustratively, the drive motor 400 is coupled to the inverter bridge mechanism 300.
Illustratively, the time after the electrical circuit of the battery mechanism is completed and heated, and the temperature of the battery mechanism after power off drops to the pre-heating level, is referred to herein as the thermal inertia time of the battery.
In some embodiments, the heating circuit based on the grouped batteries divides the batteries into a plurality of groups of battery mechanisms by grouping the batteries, each group of battery mechanisms is connected with a shunt relay in series, so that the on-off of the circuit of each group of battery mechanisms can be controlled independently, the on-off time and the cycle period of each group of battery mechanisms can be controlled according to the thermal inertia time of the batteries, and the heating power of a battery pack is effectively improved; therefore, the heating circuit based on the grouped batteries can achieve the technical effect of improving the heating efficiency of the batteries.
Illustratively, the inverter bridge mechanism 300 includes three sets of half-bridge mechanisms, where the three sets of half-bridge mechanisms are connected in parallel, one end of the half-bridge mechanism is connected to the positive electrode of the battery mechanism, and the other end of the half-bridge mechanism is connected to the negative electrode of the battery mechanism.
Illustratively, the inverter bridge mechanism 300 is provided with three sets of half-bridge mechanisms as a three-phase inverter connected to the drive motor 400 of the battery mechanism.
Illustratively, the half-bridge mechanism includes two semiconductor power switching tubes, which are connected in series.
Illustratively, each half-bridge mechanism includes two semiconductor power switching tubes, and the cable driving the motor 400 is connected between the two semiconductor power switching tubes of the half-bridge mechanism.
Illustratively, the semiconductor power switch tube is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
Illustratively, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) combines the advantages of a Power Transistor (GTR) and a Power field effect Transistor (Power MOSFET), has good characteristics, and is widely applied; IGBTs are also three-terminal devices: a gate, a collector and an emitter. The IGBT is a bipolar device with a MOS structure, and belongs to a power device with high-speed performance of a power MOSFET and bipolar low-resistance performance.
Illustratively, the semiconductor power switch tube is a field effect tube.
Illustratively, the driving motor 400 is a three-phase motor, and three-phase cables of the three-phase motor are respectively connected to three sets of half-bridge mechanisms.
Illustratively, the heating circuit further comprises a direct current bus capacitor Cdc, one end of the direct current bus capacitor Cdc is connected with the positive electrode of the battery mechanism, and the other end of the direct current bus capacitor Cdc is connected with the negative electrode of the battery mechanism.
Illustratively, the heating circuit further includes a main relay Kn, and the main relay Kn is connected in series with the battery mechanism group 100.
Illustratively, the on/off of each battery mechanism in the battery mechanism group 100 is controlled by a main relay Kn.
In some embodiments, the main relay Kn is a negative relay, and the shunt relay is a positive relay; optionally, the main relay Kn is a positive relay, and the shunt relay is a negative relay; in the embodiment of the application, the positive and negative polarities of the main relay Kn and the shunt relay can be mutually exchanged.
Illustratively, the parameters of the multiple sets of battery mechanisms are the same.
Illustratively, the embodiment of the application provides an electric vehicle which comprises a heating circuit based on a grouped battery as shown in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a heating circuit with ungrouped batteries according to an embodiment of the present application, fig. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of a heating circuit with ungrouped batteries according to an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 2 and fig. 3 correspond to each other.
For example, in the heating circuit with the batteries not grouped as shown in fig. 2, the battery mechanism group 100 is connected to the high-voltage direct-current bus through a shunt relay Kp and a main relay Kn; the inverter bridge mechanism 300 (including a three-phase inverter bridge composed of a dc bus capacitor Cdc and power switching tubes Q1 to Q6) is connected to the dc bus and connected to the driving motor 400.
Illustratively, when the battery needs to be heated, the shunt relay Kp and the main relay Kn are closed, and the inverter bridge mechanism 300 controls the winding current of the driving motor 400 to change under the control of a program, so that the winding of the driving motor 400 is repeatedly charged and discharged at a certain frequency, and alternating current is excited on the direct current bus. The simplified circuit is shown in fig. 3.
For example, if the winding of the driving motor 400 is charged and discharged according to the frequency fac as a cycle, and the energy storage variation (maximum energy storage — minimum energy storage) is Δ Q, the charging and discharging power is:
assuming that the voltage change at two ends of the dc bus capacitor Cdc is not large, there are:
according to the calculation of effective values, the following are obtained:
it can be seen that f ac Must be large enough to generate sufficient alternating current.
Considering the filtering effect of the capacitance dc bus capacitance Cdc, the effective heating current flowing into the battery has an effective value:
it can be seen that f ac And the alternating current cannot be too large, otherwise, the alternating current can be bypassed by the direct current bus capacitor Cdc and does not flow into the battery so much, and the heating effect is influenced.
The heating power of the internal resistance of the battery is as follows:
can be easily seen as I ac The current and the internal resistance of the battery have no direct relationship.
The heating power of the battery follows R bat There is a maximum value of the change in.
Corresponding optimum R bat Comprises the following steps:
generally speaking, the actual ohmic internal resistance R of the battery pack bat Much less than R bat * . Taking a typical pure electric vehicle as an example, the ohmic internal resistance of the battery is about 20m omega magnitude, the direct current bus capacitance Cdc is 600uF, the alternating current frequency is 1 kHz-3 kHz,it can be calculated that:
the formula of the battery heating power can be simplified as follows:
at R bat <R bat * When R is present, R bat The greater the heating power P bat The larger. Therefore, the ohmic internal resistance of the battery is increased, the heating effect of the battery can be increased, and the oscillating current I to the motor can be correspondingly reduced ac Thereby reducing heat generation of the motor, the inverter, and the cable.
Illustratively, the grouped battery based heating circuit provided by the embodiment of the application is shown in fig. 1; compared with a battery circuit without grouping batteries, the batteries are divided into multiple groups (three groups) which are consistent with each other, and the positive electrodes of the batteries in each group are respectively connected with the positive electrode of the direct current bus through a shunt relay.
In some embodiments, the flow of the control method of the heating circuit based on the grouped batteries provided in the examples of the present application is as follows:
1) When the vehicle is powered off, all the relays (Kn, kp1, kp2 and Kp 3) are switched off;
2) Under the normal driving state of the vehicle, all the relays (Kn, kp1, kp2 and Kp 3) are closed;
2.1 Only one shunt relay is closed at a time to connect only one set of battery mechanisms to the dc bus when heating is required. When the kth battery mechanism is heated to the required temperature, the kth battery mechanism is switched to the (k + 1) th battery to be connected with the direct current bus, and the operation is repeated in a circulating mode. The period of one cycle, from the first packet to the last, should be less than the thermal inertia time of the battery. For example, the thermal inertia time parameter of the battery group is 20min (20 min temperature rise decays to 1/e of the initial value), the cycle period can be designed to be 6min, and for the above 3 groups, the heating time of each group is 2min;
if the ohmic internal resistance of the whole battery pack is R bat (i.e., the overall resistance of all the positive relays closed and all the battery packs connected in parallel), then the internal resistance of each battery branch is n x R bat Wherein n is the number of packets. The circuit analysis shows that the heating power of the battery pack can be effectively improved under the condition of reasonable grouping. The relationship between the number of groups and the heating power multiple can be deduced from the above formula:
although the battery mechanism is no longer simultaneously generating heat at this time, the entire packet of instantaneous heating power at each instant may become several times that of the conventional scheme. Because the battery groups are heated in turn by adopting a cyclic reciprocating mode, the batteries have large self heat capacity and long thermal inertia time, and finally the battery pack is heated to a basically constant temperature.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between a heat generation power ratio and a packet number according to an embodiment of the present application.
In some implementation scenarios, taking a typical pure electric vehicle power system as an example, assume f ac ＝2kHz，Cdc＝600uF，R bat =0.02 Ω, the relationship between the number of packets and the heating power factor of the battery is shown in fig. 4. It can be seen that the heating power can be multiplied by reasonable grouping, which in turn means that the heating power of the motor, the inverter, and the cable can be proportionally reduced under the same battery pack heating power.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the functional modules in the respective embodiments may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Claims (10)
1. A heating circuit based on a grouped battery is characterized by comprising a battery mechanism group, a shunt relay group, an inverter bridge mechanism and a driving motor;
the battery mechanism group comprises a plurality of groups of battery mechanisms, the shunt relay group comprises a plurality of shunt relays, the plurality of groups of battery mechanisms are connected in parallel, the number of the battery mechanisms is the same as that of the shunt relays, and each battery mechanism is connected with the corresponding shunt relay in series;
one end of the inverter bridge mechanism is connected with the positive electrode of the battery mechanism, and the other end of the inverter bridge mechanism is connected with the negative electrode of the battery mechanism;
the driving motor is connected with the inverter bridge mechanism.
2. The grouped battery-based heating circuit according to claim 1, wherein the inverter bridge mechanism comprises three sets of half-bridge mechanisms connected in parallel, one end of the half-bridge mechanism being connected to a positive pole of the battery mechanism, and the other end of the half-bridge mechanism being connected to a negative pole of the battery mechanism.
3. The packet battery based heating circuit of claim 2, wherein the half bridge mechanism comprises two semiconductor power switching tubes connected in series.
4. The packet-battery-based heating circuit of claim 3, wherein the semiconductor power switch is an insulated gate bipolar transistor.
5. The packet-battery-based heating circuit of claim 3, wherein the semiconductor power switching tube is a field effect transistor.
6. The grouped battery based heating circuit of claim 2, wherein the drive motor is a three-phase motor having three phase cables connected to the three sets of half-bridge mechanisms, respectively.
7. The packet-battery-based heating circuit of claim 1, further comprising a dc bus capacitor, one end of the dc bus capacitor being connected to the positive pole of the battery mechanism, and the other end of the dc bus capacitor being connected to the negative pole of the battery mechanism.
8. The packet-battery-based heating circuit of claim 1, further comprising a main relay in series with the battery pack.
9. The grouped battery-based heating circuit of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the plurality of groups of battery mechanisms are the same.
10. An electric vehicle characterized by comprising a grouped battery based heating circuit according to any of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202222746754.4U CN218640706U (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2022-10-18 | Heating circuit based on grouping battery and electric vehicle |
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| CN202222746754.4U CN218640706U (en) | 2022-10-18 | 2022-10-18 | Heating circuit based on grouping battery and electric vehicle |
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