CN218589058U - Opening awl - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an opening awl relates to the medical instrument field, and this opening awl includes: the cone is provided with a cone tip at one end; the sleeve is sleeved outside the cone and comprises a movable part, and the movable part can move between a first position and a second position along the length direction of the cone; when the movable part is positioned at the first position, the cone tip is accommodated in the movable part, and when the movable part is positioned at the second position, the cone tip extends out of the movable part; the reset piece is used for applying reset force to the movable part, and the reset force can enable the movable part to reset to the first position. Such an open cone can reduce the likelihood of the tip scratching the patient while slipping.

Description

Opening awl

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of medical equipment, especially, relate to an opening awl.

Background

During the operation, hard bone is required to be broken sometimes, for example, the bone of lumbar vertebra is required to be broken during the lumbar disc herniation operation, for example, the bone of skull is required to be broken during the cranial cavity puncture drainage operation, and the bone is required to be broken through an opening cone. The related opening cone has a sharp cone tip in order to break hard bone, and the cone tip is easy to scratch blood vessels or muscle tissues of a patient due to the slipping of the cone tip in the process of breaking the bone.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides an opening awl for solve and how to reduce the possibility of opening awl when skidding fish tail patient's blood vessel or musculature.

An embodiment of the utility model provides an opening awl, this opening awl includes: the cone is provided with a cone tip at one end; the sleeve is sleeved outside the cone and comprises a movable part, and the movable part can move between a first position and a second position along the length direction of the cone; when the movable part is located at the first position, the cone tip is accommodated in the movable part, and when the movable part is located at the second position, the cone tip extends out of the movable part; a reset member for applying a reset force to the movable portion, the reset force being capable of resetting the movable portion to the first position.

Furthermore, the whole sleeve is the movable part; or, the sleeve still includes the fixed part, the fixed part with cone fixed connection, the movable part with the fixed part movably connects, just the piece that resets is located the fixed part with between the movable part.

Further, the cone still includes: the conical tip is positioned at one end of the conical rod; the first limiting part is fixed on the taper rod; wherein, the sleeve is the movable part, the reset piece is located the first spacing part with between the sleeve.

Furthermore, the reset piece and the first limiting part are both positioned in the sleeve; the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with a second limiting part, and the resetting piece is positioned between the second limiting part and the first limiting part.

Furthermore, in the length direction perpendicular to the taper rod, the outer surface of the first limiting part is abutted against the inner wall of the sleeve.

Furthermore, in the length direction of the conical rod, the distance between the second limiting part and the conical tip is smaller than the distance between the first limiting part and the conical tip; the resetting force is used for enabling the first limiting part to move towards the direction far away from the second limiting part; the second limiting part is a first protruding part arranged on the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve.

Furthermore, in the length direction of the conical rod, the distance between the second limiting part and the conical tip is larger than the distance between the first limiting part and the conical tip; the reset force is used for enabling the first limiting part to move towards the direction close to the second limiting part; the second limiting part is a second protruding part arranged on the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve, or the second limiting part is an end face, far away from the conical tip, of the inner wall of the sleeve.

Furthermore, the whole sleeve is the movable part, and the resetting piece and the first limiting part are both positioned outside the sleeve; the reset piece is located between the outer surface of the sleeve and the first limiting portion, and the reset force is used for enabling the first limiting portion to move towards the direction far away from the outer surface of the sleeve.

Furthermore, an anti-skidding structure is arranged on the end face, close to the conical tip, of the sleeve; wherein, the antiskid structure comprises an antiskid cushion block and/or an antiskid groove.

Further, the reset piece is an elastic piece or a magnetic piece.

An embodiment of the utility model provides an opening awl, this opening awl includes: the cone that the cone was sharp is located to one end, the outside sleeve of cone is located to the cover, wherein, telescopic at least part is the movable part, this movable part can be followed the length direction of cone and moved between primary importance and the second place, this movable part is located under the state of primary importance department, the cone point holds in the movable part, this movable part is located the cone point of department under the state of second place and stretches out the sleeve, simultaneously, the opening awl still includes the piece that resets for exert the power that resets to the movable part, and the power that resets can make the movable part reset to the primary importance. When the bone is broken through the opening cone, the sleeve is abutted against the outer surface of the bone to be broken and an acting force which enables the cone tip to penetrate into the bone is applied to the cone, at the moment, the acting force applied to the sleeve by the bone enables the movable part of the sleeve to overcome the acting force applied by the reset piece, so that the movable part moves from the first position to the second position and enables the cone tip to extend out of the sleeve, and the cone tip can break the bone; when the opening cone slips, the sleeve is separated from the bone, at the moment, the acting force of the bone on the movable part of the sleeve disappears, the movable part returns to the first position under the action of the reset force exerted by the reset piece so as to accommodate the cone tip in the sleeve, and further the possibility that the cone tip scratches blood vessels or muscle tissues of a patient when the opening cone slips is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an open cone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another opening cone provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is an assembly view of the sleeve, the cone and the first type of restoring member in the open cone according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is an assembly view of the sleeve, the cone and the second type of restoring member in the open cone according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of one cone in the opening cone provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another opening cone provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is an assembly view of the sleeve, the cone and the third type of restoring member in the open cone according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is an assembly view of the sleeve, the cone and the fourth type of reduction member in the split cone according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of another opening cone provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of another opening cone provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is an assembly view of a sleeve, a cone and a fifth type of reduction member in an open cone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is an assembly view of a sleeve, a cone and a sixth type of reduction element in an open cone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of another opening cone provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is an assembly view of a sleeve, a cone and a seventh type of reduction element in an open cone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is an assembly view of the sleeve, the cone and the eighth type of reduction member in the split cone according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a sleeve in an open cone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of another sleeve in an open cone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of another sleeve in an open cone according to an embodiment of the present invention;

description of the reference numerals

1. An opening cone; 10. a cone; 11. a conical tip; 12. a tapered rod; 13. a first limiting part; 20. a sleeve; 21. a movable portion; 22. a fixed part; 23. a second limiting part; 24. an anti-slip structure; 25. an anti-skid cushion block; 26. an anti-slip groove; 30. a reset member; 30A, a first type of restoring member; 30B, a second type of restoring member; 30C, a third type of restoring member; 30D, a fourth type of restoring member; 30E, a fifth type of restoring member; 30F, a sixth type of restoring member; 30G, a seventh type of reset; 30H, an eighth type of reset element.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The individual features described in the embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope, for example different embodiments and aspects can be formed by combining different features. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various combinations of the specific features of the present invention are not described separately.

In the following description, the term "first/second/so" is used merely to distinguish different objects and does not mean that there is a common or relationship between the objects. It should be understood that the references to the orientation descriptions "above", "below", "outside" and "inside" are all the orientations in the normal use state, and the "left" and "right" directions indicate the left and right directions indicated in the specific corresponding schematic diagrams, and may or may not be the left and right directions in the normal use state.

It should be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a component of' 8230; \8230;" does not exclude the presence of another like element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. The term "coupled", where not otherwise specified, includes both direct and indirect connections.

The opening awl in the following embodiments can be used to break any hard bone at any location, illustratively, during spinal surgery, the opening awl can be used to break the cortical bone of the pedicle; illustratively, in the process of performing skull puncture drainage operation, the skull can be broken through the opening cone and the drainage tube is introduced into a diseased part in the skull, so that effusion at the diseased part is led out. For convenience of explanation, the open awl is used to break the pedicle of vertebral arch as an example, and the structure and the use mode of the open awl are exemplified.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the opening cone 1 comprises: cone 10, sleeve 20 and restoring member 30. The cone 10 has a cone tip 11 at one end, that is, a sharp structure is formed at one end of the cone 10, it should be noted that the cone tip 11 can break the cortical bone in contact with the cone tip 11 when the pressure applied by the cone tip 11 to the cortical bone should be greater than the strength limit of the cortical bone, wherein the compressive stress is equal to the pressure applied by the cone tip 11 to the cortical bone divided by the contact area of the cone tip 11 to the cortical bone, and the arrangement of the cone tip 11 at the end of the cone 10 reduces the contact area of the cone 10 to the bone, thereby reducing the pressure applied to the cone 10 required to break the bone.

The sleeve 20 is sleeved outside the cone 10, and the sleeve 20 includes a movable portion 21. The movable portion 21 can move between a first position and a second position along the length direction of the cone 10, the cone tip 11 is arranged at one end of the length direction of the cone 10, the movable portion 21 can move along the length direction of the cone 10 to change the relative position relation between the movable portion 21 and the cone tip 11, specifically, the cone tip 11 is accommodated in the movable portion in the state that the movable portion 21 is located at the first position, and the cone tip 11 extends out of the movable portion 21 in the state that the movable portion 21 is located at the second position. It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1, the sleeve 20 may include only the movable portion 21, that is, the whole of the sleeve 20 is the movable portion 21, and the whole of the sleeve 20 can move along the length direction of the cone 10, the whole of the sleeve 20 shown in fig. 1 is the movable portion 21 but is not limited to the sleeve 20 that only includes the movable portion 21, the sleeve 20 may further include the movable portion 21 and a fixed portion, the fixed portion is fixedly connected with the cone 10, and the movable portion 21 is movably connected with the fixed portion, that is, a portion of the sleeve 20 can move along the length direction of the cone 10. The second position is understood to mean any position in which the cone tip 11 can be extended beyond the movable part 21, the cone tip 11 being able to break open bone in the state in which the movable part 21 is in the second position.

The restoring member 30 is used for applying a restoring force to the movable portion 21, which restoring force can restore the movable portion 21 to the first position, it being understood that the movable portion 21 moves to the second position under the action of an external force, after which the sleeve 20 returns to the first position under the action of the restoring force applied to the movable portion by the restoring member 30. The first position is a limit position which the movable portion 21 can move to a side close to the tapered end 11 along the length direction of the tapered body 10. The limit position of the movable portion 21 can be understood as that, in a state where the movable portion 21 is at the limit position, the restoring element 30 does not apply any restoring force to the movable portion 21, so that the movable portion 21 does not move any further to the side close to the conical point 11 without any other external force, or a limit structure is provided at a portion where the sleeve 20 is fixedly connected to the cone 10 or at the cone 10, and in a state where the movable portion 21 is at the limit position, the limit structure applies a limit force to the movable portion 21, and the limit force limits the movable portion 21 from moving further to the side close to the conical point 11. After the external force applied to the movable portion 21 is cancelled, the movable portion 21 is reset to the limit position under the combined action of the resetting force applied by the resetting member 30 or the resetting force applied by the resetting member 30 and the limiting force applied by the limiting structure, that is, after the external force applied to the movable portion 21 is cancelled, the resetting member 30 can reset the movable portion 21 to the first position. It should be noted that the restoring element 30 is any structure capable of providing a restoring force, for example, the restoring element 30 may be an elastic element, and the restoring force is an elastic force of the elastic element, for example, the restoring element 30 may also be a magnetic element, and the restoring force is a magnetic force provided by the magnetic element; meanwhile, the installation manner of the resetting piece 30 and the movable portion 21 may be any installation manner capable of applying a resetting force to the movable portion 21, for example, in the case that the resetting force is a tensile force applied to the movable portion 21, the resetting piece 30 is connected to the movable portion 21, wherein the connection may be a direct connection or an indirect connection, and for example, in the case that the resetting force is a tensile force applied to the movable portion 21, the resetting piece 30 may be connected to or in contact with the movable portion 21.

The following is to perform an exemplary analysis on the beneficial effect of the opening cone 1 in combination with the use process of the opening cone 1 when the bone substance is to be opened, the sleeve 20 is abutted against the outer surface of the bone substance to be opened and applies an acting force to the cone 10 to make the cone tip penetrate into the bone substance, at this time, the movable part 21 of the sleeve 20 overcomes the reset force applied to the movable part 21 by the reset piece 30 under the action of a reaction force applied to the movable part 21 by the bone substance to move the movable part 21 from the first position to the second position, so that the cone tip 11 can extend out of the sleeve and open the bone substance, it should be noted that the movement of the movable part 21 from the first position to the second position refers to the movement of the movable part 21 relative to the cone 10, and at this time, the movable part 21 and the bone substance are kept relatively static; when the open cone 1 slips, the movable part 21 of the open cone 1 is separated from the bone substance, at this time, when the reaction force applied to the movable part 21 by the bone substance is small, the movable part 21 is reset from the second position to the first position under the action of the reset force applied by the reset piece 30, so that the cone tip 11 is accommodated in the movable part 21, and the possibility that the cone tip 11 scratches the blood vessel or muscle of a patient when slipping is further reduced.

An embodiment of the utility model provides an opening awl, this opening awl includes: the cone that the cone point was had to one end, the outside sleeve of cone is located to the cover, wherein, telescopic at least part is the movable part, this movable part can be followed the length direction of cone and moved between primary importance and the second place, this movable part is located under the state of primary importance department, the cone point holds in the movable part, the cone point that this movable part is located under the state of second place stretches out the sleeve, simultaneously, the opening awl still includes the piece that resets for exert the power that resets to the movable part, and the power that resets can make the movable part reset to the primary importance. When the bone is broken through the opening cone, the sleeve is abutted against the outer surface of the bone to be broken and an acting force which enables the cone tip to penetrate into the bone is applied to the cone, at the moment, the acting force applied to the sleeve by the bone enables the movable part of the sleeve to overcome the acting force applied by the reset piece, so that the movable part moves from the first position to the second position and enables the cone tip to extend out of the sleeve, and the cone tip can break the bone; the sleeve is separated from the bone when the opening cone slips, at the moment, the acting force of the bone to the movable part of the sleeve disappears, the movable part returns to the first position under the action of the reset force applied by the reset piece, so that the cone tip is accommodated in the sleeve, and the possibility that the cone tip scratches blood vessels or muscle tissues of a patient when slipping occurs is further reduced.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the sleeve 20 further includes a fixing portion 22, the fixing portion 22 is fixedly connected to the cone 10, the movable portion 21 is movably connected to the fixing portion 22, so that the movable portion 21 can move along the length direction of the cone 10 along the cone 10, and the restoring member 30 is located between the fixing portion 22 and the movable portion 21 and is used for applying a restoring force to the movable portion 21, so that the movable portion can be restored to the first position. Wherein, the mounting manners of the reset element 30 and the fixed portion 22 and the movable portion 21 are different according to the structure of the reset element 30, and the mounting manners between the reset element 30 and the fixed portion 22 and between the reset element 30 and the movable portion 21 are exemplarily described below with reference to fig. 3 and 4, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that fig. 3 and 4 are merely exemplary, and the specific structure of the reset element 30 and the connection manners between the reset element 30 and the fixed portion 22 and between the reset element 30 and the movable portion 21 may be in other forms besides those shown in fig. 3 and 4.

As shown in fig. 3, the first type of restoring element 30A is a first elastic element, which may be, for example, a coil spring or a diaphragm spring. One end of the first type of reset member 30A (first elastic member) is in contact with the fixed portion 22, the other end of the first type of reset member 30A is in contact with the movable portion 21, when the movable portion 21 moves from the first position to the second position under the action of an external force, the movable portion 21 elastically deforms the first type of reset member 30A (first elastic member), and after the external force applied to the movable portion 21 is removed, the first type of reset member 30A applies a reset force to the movable portion 21 in the form of an elastic force, so that the movable portion 21 is reset to the first position. As shown in fig. 4, the second type of reset member 30B is a first magnetic member, and the number of the first magnetic member is at least two, a part of the second type of reset member 30B (first magnetic member) is fixedly connected to the fixing portion 22, and another part of the second type of reset member 30B (first magnetic member) is fixedly connected to the movable portion 21, and the second type of reset member 30B (first magnetic member) fixed to the fixing portion 22 and the second type of reset member 30B (first magnetic member) fixed to the movable portion 21 are oppositely disposed, and the magnetic poles of the oppositely disposed second type of reset member 30B (first magnetic member) are the same, that is, a repulsive force is formed between the oppositely disposed second type of reset member 30B (first magnetic member), when an external force is applied to the movable portion 21, the movable portion 21 moves from the first position to the second position against the repulsive force, and after the external force is applied, the oppositely disposed second type of reset member 30B (first magnetic member) applies a repulsive force to the movable portion 21, thereby withdrawing the movable portion 21 from the first position.

Optionally, the sleeve 20 further includes a guiding portion fixedly connected to the fixed portion 22 and movably connected to the movable portion 21, the guiding portion extending along the length direction of the cone 10, so that the movable portion 21 can move along the length direction of the cone 10 along the extending direction of the guiding portion, and the guiding portion limits the movement of the movable portion 21 in other directions except the length direction of the cone 10.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the sleeve 20 is entirely movable 21, i.e. the sleeve 20 is entirely movable along the length of the cone 10 between a first position and a second position. The restoring member 30 is located between the sleeve 20 and the cone 10, and is used for applying a restoring force to the whole sleeve 20, so as to restore the whole sleeve 20 to the first position, and the installation manner of the restoring member 30, the sleeve 20 and the cone 10 is exemplarily described below with reference to fig. 5 to 15, in the case that the whole sleeve 20 is the movable portion 21.

As shown in fig. 5, the cone 10 further includes: a taper rod 12 and a first limiting part 13. The cone tip 11 is located at one end of the cone rod 12, the first limiting portion 13 is fixed on the cone rod 12, at least part of the first limiting portion 13 protrudes out of the outer surface of the cone rod 12 along the length direction perpendicular to the cone rod 12, the reset piece 30 in fig. 1 is located between the first limiting portion 13 and the sleeve 20, the first limiting portion 13 protruding out of the outer surface of the cone rod 12 is arranged on the cone rod 12, the contact area between the reset piece 30 and the cone 10 is increased, and therefore the reset piece 30 can apply reset force to the cone 10 more reliably. The first position-limiting portion 13 may be located inside the sleeve 20 or outside the sleeve 20, and the following describes an exemplary installation manner between the restoring member 30 and the first position-limiting portion 13 and the sleeve 20 in two states, i.e., the first position-limiting portion 13 is located inside the sleeve 20 and the first position-limiting portion 13 is located outside the sleeve 20, with reference to fig. 6 to 15.

As shown in fig. 6, the first position-limiting portion 13 and the resetting member 30 are both located in the sleeve 20, so that the resetting member 30 and the first position-limiting portion 13 are accommodated in the sleeve 20, the structure of the open cone 1 is more compact, and the occupied space of the open cone 1 is reduced. Optionally, in the length direction perpendicular to the taper rod 12, the outer surface of the first limiting portion 13 abuts against the inner wall of the sleeve 20, that is, the first limiting portion 13 abuts against the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve 20, the side wall of the sleeve 20 extends along the length direction of the taper rod 12, and the side wall can limit the movement of the first limiting portion 13 in other directions except the length direction of the taper rod 12, so as to reduce the possibility that the taper 10 deflects when the taper 10 is pushed to press the bone, and further reduce the possibility that the open taper 1 slips, that is, by abutting the first limiting portion 13 against the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve 20, the movement of the taper 10 can be guided without additionally providing a guide member, and the structure of the open taper 1 is made more compact. Meanwhile, the inner wall of the sleeve 20 has a second limiting portion 23, the reset piece 30 is located between the first limiting portion 13 and the second limiting portion 23, and the installation manner of the reset piece 30 and the first limiting portion 13 and the second limiting portion 23 is different according to the relative position relationship between the first limiting portion 13 and the second limiting portion 23, and the following description exemplarily describes the relative position relationship between the first limiting portion 13 and the second limiting portion 23, the specific structure of the reset piece 30, and the installation manner of the reset piece and the first limiting portion 13 and the second limiting portion 23 with reference to fig. 7 to 13, respectively.

As shown in fig. 6, in the length direction of the conical rod 12, the distance between the second stopper portion 23 and the conical tip 11 is smaller than the distance between the first stopper portion 13 and the conical tip 11, that is, in a state where the conical rod 12 is vertically placed and the conical tip 11 is downward, the second stopper portion 23 is located below the first stopper portion 13, the restoring force applied to the second stopper portion 23 by the restoring member 30 is a thrust force, the restoring member 30 may be fixedly connected to the second stopper portion 23, and the restoring member 30 may only contact with the second stopper portion 23. The second limiting portion 23 is a first protruding portion disposed on a side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve 20, that is, a portion of the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve 20 protrudes into the sleeve 20 to form a first protruding portion of the side wall. Next, referring to fig. 7 and 8, the way of mounting the reset element 30 to the first stopper portion 13 and the second stopper portion 23 will be described as an example when the reset element 30 is an elastic element and a magnetic element, respectively.

As shown in fig. 7, the third type of restoring element 30C is a second elastic element, the second elastic element may be a coil spring or a diaphragm spring, a part of the third type of restoring element 30C (second elastic element) is in contact with the first position-limiting portion 13, another part of the third type of restoring element 30C (second elastic element) is in contact with the second position-limiting portion 23, when the sleeve 20 moves from the first position to the second position under the action of an external force, the second position-limiting portion 23 approaches the first position-limiting portion, the second position-limiting portion 23 presses the third type of restoring element 30C (second elastic element) to generate elastic deformation, and after the external force applied to the sleeve 20 is removed, the third type of restoring element 30C (second elastic element) applies a restoring force in the form of an elastic force to the second position-limiting portion 23, so as to push the second position-limiting portion 23 to move and further restore the sleeve 20 to the first position. As shown in fig. 8, the fourth type of resetting member 30D is a second magnetic member, the number of the second magnetic members is at least two, a part of the fourth type of resetting member 30D (second magnetic member) is fixedly connected to the first position-limiting portion 13, another part of the fourth type of resetting member 30D (second magnetic member) is fixedly connected to the second position-limiting portion 23, the fourth type of resetting member 30D (second magnetic member) fixedly connected to the first position-limiting portion 13 is oppositely disposed to the fourth type of resetting member 30D (second magnetic member) fixedly connected to the second position-limiting portion 23, and the magnetic poles of the oppositely disposed fourth type of resetting member 30D (second magnetic member) are the same, a repulsive force is formed between the oppositely disposed fourth type of resetting member 30D (second magnetic member), when the sleeve 20 moves from the first position to the second position under the action of an external force, the second position-limiting portion 23 is close to the first position-limiting portion 13, and after the external force is removed, the second position-limiting member 23 is pushed away from the first position-limiting portion and moved to the second position, so that the sleeve 20 is moved downward under the action of the external force, thereby moving the first position of the second magnetic member 23.

As shown in fig. 9, in the length direction of the conical rod 12, the distance between the second limiting portion 23 and the conical tip 11 is greater than the distance between the first limiting portion 13 and the conical tip 11, that is, in a state where the conical rod 12 is vertically placed and the conical tip 11 is downward, the second limiting portion 23 is located above the first limiting portion 13, the restoring force applied to the second limiting portion 23 by the restoring member 30 is a pulling force, and the restoring member 30 may be fixedly connected to the first limiting portion 13. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 9, the second limiting portion 23 is an end surface of the inner wall of the sleeve 20 far from the conical tip 11, that is, the second limiting portion 23 is integrated with the top wall of the sleeve 20, so that the reset piece 30 is installed through the top wall of the sleeve 20, and the internal structure of the sleeve 20 is more compact; optionally, as shown in fig. 10, the second limiting portion 23 is a second protruding portion of the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve 20, that is, a portion of the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve 20 protrudes into the sleeve 20 to form the second protruding portion, it should be noted that both the first limiting portion 13 and the second limiting portion 23 are required to be used for installing the restoring member 30, a surface of the first limiting portion 13 and the second limiting portion 23, on which the restoring member 30 is installed, is a fitting surface, a machining precision requirement of the fitting surface is higher than a machining precision requirement of a non-fitting surface, the machining precision may be, for example, flatness or surface roughness, compared with the case that the restoring member 30 is installed through the entire top surface of the sleeve 20, the second protruding portion protruding from the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve 20 is separately provided, and it may not be necessary to set the entire top surface of the sleeve 20 as the fitting surface, thereby reducing the machining requirement of the top surface of the sleeve 20, and further reducing the machining cost of the sleeve 20. It should be noted that, according to the structure of the restoring element 30, the mounting manners of the restoring element with the first stopper portion 13 and the second stopper portion 23 are different, and below, with reference to fig. 11 and 12, respectively, on the basis of the structure shown in fig. 9 in which the second stopper portion 23 and the top wall of the inner wall of the sleeve 20 are integrated, the mounting manners of the restoring element 30 with the first stopper portion 13 and the second stopper portion 23 are exemplarily described by taking the restoring element 30 as an elastic element and a magnetic element, respectively.

As shown in fig. 11, the fifth type of restoring member 30E is a third elastic member, the third elastic member may be a coil spring or a diaphragm spring, a part of the fifth type of restoring member 30E (the third elastic member) is connected to the first limiting portion 13, another part of the fifth type of restoring member 30E (the third elastic member) is connected to the second limiting portion 23, when the sleeve 20 moves from the first position to the second position under the action of an external force, the second limiting portion 23 is away from the first limiting portion, the second limiting portion 23 pulls the fifth type of restoring member 30E (the third elastic member) to generate elastic deformation, and after the external force applied to the sleeve 20 is removed, the fifth type of restoring member 30E (the third elastic member) applies a restoring force in the form of an elastic force to the second limiting portion 23, so as to pull the second limiting portion 23 to move and further restore the sleeve 20 to the first position. As shown in fig. 12, the sixth type of resetting member 30F is a third magnetic member, the number of the third magnetic members is at least two, one part of the sixth type of resetting member 30F (third magnetic member) is fixedly connected to the first position-limiting portion 13, the other part of the sixth type of resetting member 30F (third magnetic member) is fixedly connected to the second position-limiting portion 23, the sixth type of resetting member 30F (third magnetic member) fixedly connected to the first position-limiting portion 13 is opposite to the sixth type of resetting member 30F (third magnetic member) fixedly connected to the second position-limiting portion 23, and the magnetic poles of the oppositely arranged sixth type of resetting member 30F (third magnetic member) are opposite, an attractive force is formed between the oppositely arranged sixth type of resetting member 30F (third magnetic member), when the sleeve 20 moves from the first position to the second position under the action of an external force, the second position-limiting portion 23 is far away from the first position-limiting portion 13, and when the external force is removed, the second position-limiting portion 23 moves to the second position-limiting portion, so that the sleeve 20 is pulled to move toward the first position and the second position-limiting portion 13.

As shown in fig. 13, the restoring member 30 and the first stopper portion 13 are both located outside the sleeve 20, and the restoring member 30 and the first stopper portion 13 of the cone 10 are exposed outside the sleeve 20, so that the restoring member 30 and the cone 10 can be more conveniently mounted and dismounted in the case that the restoring member 30 or the cone 10 needs to be replaced. The reset piece 30 is located between the first limiting portion 13 and the sleeve 20, the reset force applied to the sleeve 20 by the reset piece 30 is a pushing force, and the connection mode between the reset piece 30 and the sleeve 20 may be a fixed connection or only a contact. Next, referring to fig. 14 and 15, an exemplary manner of mounting the restoring element 30 to the first stopper portion 13 and the second stopper portion 23 will be described, in a case where the restoring element 30 is an elastic element and a magnetic element, respectively.

As shown in fig. 14, the seventh type resetting member 30G is a fourth elastic member, the fourth elastic member may be a coil spring or a diaphragm spring, a part of the seventh type resetting member 30G (fourth elastic member) is connected to the first limiting portion 13, another part of the seventh type resetting member 30G (fourth elastic member) is connected to the outer surface of the sleeve 20, when the sleeve 20 moves from the first position to the second position under the action of an external force, the sleeve 20 approaches the first limiting portion 13, the sleeve 20 presses the seventh type resetting member 30G (fourth elastic member) to generate elastic deformation, and after the external force applied to the sleeve 20 is removed, the seventh type resetting member 30G (fourth elastic member) applies a resetting force in the form of an elastic force to the sleeve 20, so as to push the sleeve 20 to move and further reset the sleeve 20 to the first position. As shown in fig. 15, the eighth type reset member 30H is a fourth magnetic member, the number of the fourth magnetic member is at least two, a part of the eighth type reset member 30H (fourth magnetic member) is fixedly connected to the first position-limiting portion 13, another part of the eighth type reset member 30H (fourth magnetic member) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the sleeve 20, the eighth type reset member 30H (fourth magnetic member) fixedly connected to the first position-limiting portion 13 is disposed opposite to the eighth type reset member 30H (fourth magnetic member) fixedly connected to the outer surface of the sleeve 20, and the magnetic pole of the oppositely disposed eighth type reset member 30H (fourth magnetic member) is the same, a repulsive force is formed between the oppositely disposed eighth type reset member 30H (fourth magnetic member), during the sleeve 20 moves from the first position to the second position under the external force, the sleeve 20 is close to the first position-limiting portion 13, and after the external force is removed, the sleeve 20 is pushed away from the oppositely disposed eighth type reset member 30H (fourth magnetic member) to the second position, thereby pushing the sleeve 20 to move the sleeve 20 away from the first position.

In some embodiments, the restoring element is an elastic element or a magnetic element, so that the restoring force is applied to the sleeve by an elastic force or a magnetic force, and the installation manner between the restoring element and the sleeve and the cone is exemplified in the structures shown in fig. 1 to 15, and thus is not described herein again.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 16, an anti-slip structure 24 is provided on the end surface of the sleeve 20 near the conical tip 11, the anti-slip structure 24 is used for contacting with the bone substance, and reduces the possibility of relative movement between the sleeve 20 and the bone substance through the acting force between the sleeve 20 and the bone substance, i.e., reduces the possibility of slipping of the sleeve 20. The following description will exemplarily describe a specific structure of the anti-slip structure 24 and a principle of realizing anti-slip in the case that the anti-slip structure 24 is a mat block and/or a groove, respectively, with reference to fig. 17 and 18. As shown in fig. 17, the first type of anti-skid structure 24A is an anti-skid block 25, the anti-skid block 25 is disposed at the bottom of the sleeve 20, in a state that the sleeve 20 abuts against the bone, the anti-skid block 25 directly abuts against the bone, and the relative movement between the sleeve 20 and the bone is limited by the friction force between the anti-skid block 25 and the bone, so as to reduce the possibility of skidding of the sleeve 20, optionally, the anti-skid block 25 is made of a material which is soft and is not easy to cause allergic reaction of the human body, so as to reduce the possibility of the anti-skid block 25 damaging the human body, for example, the anti-skid block 25 is made of medical silica gel. As shown in fig. 18, the anti-slip structure 24 includes anti-slip grooves 26, the anti-slip grooves 26 are located at the bottom of the sleeve 20, the anti-slip grooves 26 can achieve an anti-slip effect in different ways, and illustratively, a plurality of anti-slip grooves 26 are spaced at intervals at the bottom of the sleeve 20, so that an anti-slip pattern is formed at the bottom of the sleeve 20, a friction factor between the sleeve 20 and a bone substance is increased, a friction force between the sleeve 20 and the bone substance is increased, and the possibility of slipping of the sleeve 20 is reduced; illustratively, the shape of the anti-slip groove 26 is matched with the shape of the bone, in a state that the sleeve 20 is abutted against the bone, the bone can be clamped into the anti-slip groove 26 to be abutted against the inner wall of the anti-slip groove 26, thereby more reliably realizing the anti-slip of the sleeve 20 by the positive pressure between the anti-slip groove 26 and the bone, it should be noted that the opening cone 1 is used for breaking different parts of the bone, the anti-slip groove 26 can be matched with the shape of the outer surface of the bone to be broken by different methods, illustratively, the opening cone 1 can be classified according to the part of the opening cone 1 used for breaking the bone, and the shape of the anti-slip groove 26 of the sleeve 20 of the opening cone 1 can be set to the shape of the bone corresponding to the type according to the classification for the opening cone 1, illustratively, the sleeve 20 can also be customized according to the shape of the outer surface of the opening cone 1 used for breaking the bone, therefore, an anti-skid groove 26 with a shape corresponding to the shape of the outer surface is processed at the bottom of the sleeve 20 according to the shape of the outer surface of the bone, specifically, before the bone is broken through the opening cone, the outer edge shape of each fault of the bone to be broken is obtained through CT (Computed Tomography), and a three-dimensional model of the bone is constructed based on the outer edge shape of each fault, so that the shape requirement of the anti-skid groove 26 matched with the shape of the outer surface of the three-dimensional model is obtained according to the three-dimensional model, and further, the anti-skid groove 26 matched with the shape of the outer surface of the bone to be broken is processed at the bottom surface of the sleeve 20 according to the shape requirement, optionally, a silica gel soft sheath can be further arranged on the inner wall of the anti-skid groove 26, so that soft contact is formed between the inner wall of the anti-skid groove 26 and the bone, the possibility of bone damage by the inner walls of the anti-slip grooves 26 is reduced.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An opening cone, comprising:

the cone is provided with a cone tip at one end;

the sleeve is sleeved outside the cone and comprises a movable part, and the movable part can move between a first position and a second position along the length direction of the cone; when the movable part is located at the first position, the cone tip is accommodated in the movable part, and when the movable part is located at the second position, the cone tip extends out of the movable part;

a reset member for applying a reset force to the movable portion, the reset force being capable of resetting the movable portion to the first position.

2. The split cone of claim 1, wherein the sleeve is entirely the movable portion;

or the like, or, alternatively,

the sleeve further comprises a fixing portion, the fixing portion is fixedly connected with the cone, the moving portion is movably connected with the fixing portion, and the resetting piece is located between the fixing portion and the moving portion.

3. The split cone of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cone further comprises:

the conical rod is provided with a conical tip at one end;

the first limiting part is fixed on the taper rod;

the sleeve is integrally the movable part, and the reset part is located between the first limiting part and the sleeve.

4. The open cone of claim 3, wherein the reset element and the first limit stop are both located within the sleeve;

the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with a second limiting part, and the resetting piece is positioned between the second limiting part and the first limiting part.

5. The opening cone of claim 4, wherein an outer surface of the first stop abuts an inner wall of the sleeve in a direction perpendicular to a length of the cone shaft.

6. The opening cone of claim 4, wherein the distance between the second limiting portion and the cone tip is smaller than the distance between the first limiting portion and the cone tip in the length direction of the cone rod;

the reset force is used for enabling the first limiting part to move towards the direction far away from the second limiting part;

the second limiting part is a first protruding part arranged on the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve.

7. The opening cone of claim 4, wherein the second limiting portion is spaced from the cone tip by a distance greater than the first limiting portion in the length direction of the cone shaft;

the reset force is used for enabling the first limiting part to move towards the direction close to the second limiting part;

the second limiting part is a second protruding part arranged on the side wall of the inner wall of the sleeve, or the second limiting part is an end face, far away from the conical tip, of the inner wall of the sleeve.

8. The open cone of claim 3, wherein the entirety of the sleeve is the movable portion, and the reset piece and the first limit portion are both located outside the sleeve;

the reset piece is located between the outer surface of the sleeve and the first limiting portion, and the reset force is used for enabling the first limiting portion to move towards the direction far away from the outer surface of the sleeve.

9. The split cone of claim 1, wherein the end surface of the sleeve near the cone tip is provided with an anti-slip structure;

wherein, the antiskid structure comprises an antiskid cushion block and/or an antiskid groove.

10. The split cone of claim 1, wherein the restoring member is an elastic member or a magnetic member.

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