CN218549486U - High-reliability switching value output control circuit - Google Patents
High-reliability switching value output control circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN218549486U CN218549486U CN202222509009.8U CN202222509009U CN218549486U CN 218549486 U CN218549486 U CN 218549486U CN 202222509009 U CN202222509009 U CN 202222509009U CN 218549486 U CN218549486 U CN 218549486U
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Abstract
The application relates to a high-reliability switching value output control circuit, which comprises a micro control unit, a switching unit and a relay; the micro control unit is electrically connected with the switch unit and the common pin of the relay and used for controlling the switch-on of the switch unit, carrying out read-back detection on the relay and judging whether the relay works normally or not; the switch unit is electrically connected to a power supply loop of the coil pin of the relay and is used for controlling the on-off of a power supply of the coil pin of the relay; the relay is used for outputting a switching value control signal; any normally open pin of the relay is connected with a power supply anode, any normally closed pin is connected with a power supply cathode, when the relay is disconnected, a common pin of the relay is electrically connected with the normally closed pin, and the micro control unit reads back a low level signal; when the relay is closed, the public pin of the relay is electrically connected with the normally open pin, and the micro control unit reads back the high level signal. The relay circuit diagnosis and detection method has the effect of diagnosing and detecting whether the relay circuit works normally or not.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of switching value output control circuits, and in particular, to a switching value output control circuit with high reliability.
Background
The relay is widely applied to an output quantity control circuit, and the on-off of the output quantity is controlled by controlling the closing of a relay coil through an MCU (micro control unit). The relay generally comprises a coil pin, a common pin, a normally open pin and a normally closed pin, and the on-off of the common pin, the normally open pin and the normally closed pin is controlled through the coil pin, so that the output quantity is controlled. The coil in the relay can produce instantaneous heavy current in the moment of disconnection and cause the impact to the circuit device, if the relay circuit lacks the current protection, instantaneous heavy current can shorten the life-span of circuit device.
In the existing relay circuit, an MOS transistor (field effect transistor) is usually arranged between an MCU and the relay circuit, a peripheral circuit of the MOS transistor is provided with a filter capacitor and a current limiting resistor, and a current limiting resistor is arranged between the MOS transistor and the relay for consuming an instantaneous current generated in the moment of disconnection of a coil.
In view of the above related technologies, the inventor thinks that the existing relay circuit processes the continuous current, and after the relay is abnormal or damaged, the existing relay circuit cannot diagnose and detect whether the relay circuit is working normally, which affects the whole system operation.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to diagnose and detect whether the relay circuit works normally, the application provides a high-reliability switching value output control circuit.
The application provides a switching value output control circuit of high reliability adopts following technical scheme:
a high-reliability switching value output control circuit comprises a micro control unit, a switching unit and a relay;
the micro control unit is electrically connected to the switch unit and a common pin of the relay and is used for controlling the switch-on of the switch unit, carrying out read-back detection on the relay and judging whether the relay works normally or not;
the switch unit is electrically connected to a power supply loop of the coil pin of the relay and is used for controlling the on-off of a power supply of the coil pin of the relay;
the relay is used for outputting a switching value control signal;
any normally open pin of the relay is connected with a power supply anode, any normally closed pin is connected with a power supply cathode, when the relay is disconnected, a common pin of the relay is electrically connected with the normally closed pin, and the micro control unit reads back a low level signal; when the relay is closed, the common pin of the relay is electrically connected to the normally open pin, and the micro control unit reads back a high level signal.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, little the control unit realizes controlling the output switching value of relay through the control switch unit, and little the control unit is through connecting in the public pin of relay, obtains the feedback signal of high-low level when the relay is in closure and disconnection to read back and detect, according to the high-low level signal that acquires and predetermine high-low level according to the logic and carry out the comparison, judge whether the relay normally works, be convenient for in time handle the relay of unusual work in time.
Optionally, the relay is connected to the normally open pin of the power supply anode and is electrically connected to a first surge protection unit, and the first surge protection unit is used for discharging surge voltage generated by the power supply anode.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the setting to first surge protection unit, can let out the anodal surge voltage that produces of discharge source, avoid the surge to cause the harm to little the control unit.
Optionally, the first surge protection unit includes at least one transient diode, one end of the transient diode is connected to the normally open pin of the relay, and the other end of the transient diode is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
By adopting the technical scheme, when surge voltage is generated at the anode of the power supply, the transient diode quickly responds, changes from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, releases surge current, clamps the surge voltage in a safety range, and accordingly protects the micro control unit.
Optionally, a branch of the common pin of the micro control unit and the relay is connected with a second surge protection unit, and the second surge protection unit is used for further discharging surge voltage generated by the positive pole of the power supply.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the setting to second surge protection unit, can further bleed first surge protection unit not bleed complete surge voltage, further avoid the surge to cause the harm to little the control unit.
Optionally, the second surge protection unit includes at least one second electrostatic protection diode and at least one second voltage dependent resistor, one end of each second surge protection diode is connected to the branch circuit of the common pin of the micro control unit and the relay, and the other end of each second surge protection diode is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when first surge protection unit not the full surge voltage of releasing was used second surge protection unit, second piezo-resistor and second electrostatic protection diode become the low resistance attitude by the high resistance attitude, and overcurrent flows to the power negative pole along second piezo-resistor to clamp surge voltage on the low-voltage, second electrostatic protection diode further clamps surge voltage, thereby realizes further protecting little the control unit.
Optionally, a branch between the switch unit and the coil pin of the relay is provided with a first follow current protection unit, and the first follow current protection unit is configured to release a follow current generated on the coil pin when the relay is turned off.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the setting to first afterflow protection unit, the continuous current that produces on the coil pin when can the release relay disconnection, the continuous current of avoiding instantaneous increase causes the harm to little the control unit and switch unit.
Optionally, the first follow current protection unit includes at least one first voltage dependent resistor, the first voltage dependent resistor is connected between two coil pins of the relay, and a negative coil pin of the relay is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the relay is disconnected, instantaneous continuous current is generated on the coil pin of the relay, the first piezoresistor is changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, a large amount of continuous current is consumed, and surge voltage is clamped on low voltage, so that the micro control unit and the switch unit are protected.
Optionally, a second follow current protection unit is disposed on a branch of the switch unit and the first follow current protection unit, and the second follow current protection unit is configured to further release a follow current generated on a coil pin when the relay is turned off.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through the setting to second afterflow protection unit, can release first afterflow protection unit and not release complete continuation current, further avoid transient increase's continuation current to cause the harm to little the control unit and switch unit.
Optionally, the second freewheeling protection unit includes at least one first electrostatic protection diode and a fourth resistor, one end of each of the first electrostatic protection diode and the fourth resistor is connected to the switch unit and a branch of the coil pin of the relay, and the other end of each of the first electrostatic protection diode and the fourth resistor is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the first follow current protection unit does not release complete continuous current to act on the second follow current protection unit, the first electrostatic protection diode is changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, a low-impedance conduction path is provided for the residual current, and follow current voltage is clamped in a safety range, so that the micro control unit is further protected.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the micro control unit is connected to the relay, so that the read-back detection is carried out on the relay, whether the relay works normally or not is judged according to the comparison between the acquired high and low level signals and the logic preset high and low levels, and the relay which works abnormally can be timely processed conveniently;
2. through the arrangement of the first surge protection unit and the second surge protection unit, two-stage surge protection is carried out on the micro control unit during read-back detection, overvoltage and overcurrent are discharged, and damage to the micro control unit caused by surge of the positive electrode of the power supply is avoided;
3. through the setting to first afterflow protection unit and second afterflow protection unit, carry out the two-stage afterflow protection to little the control unit when the relay disconnection, release the continuous current, avoid continuous current to cause the harm to little the control unit and switch unit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall circuit configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present application.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a micro control unit; 2. a switch unit; 3. a relay; 4. a first follow current protection unit; 5. a second follow current protection unit; 6. a first surge protection unit; 7. and a second surge protection unit.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1.
The embodiment of the application discloses a high-reliability switching value output control circuit. Referring to fig. 1, the switching value output control circuit includes a micro control unit 1, a switching unit 2 and a relay3 which are electrically connected in sequence; the micro control unit 1 controls the on/off of the switch unit 2, so as to control the work of the relay3, and further realize the control of the switching value, namely, the basic function of the relay3 circuit.
Referring to fig. 1, the model of the micro control unit 1 in the present application includes, but is not limited to, STM32H7 series, EFM32 series, STM32G4 series, and GD32F3 series, and whatever the functions in the present application can be implemented, the model of the micro control unit 1 in the present application preferably uses an STM32H750VBT6 chip. The switch unit 2 mainly comprises an MOS (field effect transistor) Q1 to form a switch circuit, in the application, the MOS Q1 adopts a P-channel MOS, wherein the source electrode of the MOS Q1 is connected with a power supply anode VDD, and the power supply anode VDD in the circuit adopts 3.3V; the grid of MOS pipe Q1 is electrically connected with output pin OUT _1 of micro control unit 1, the drain of MOS pipe Q1 is electrically connected with COIL + pin of relay3, micro control unit 1 controls the high-low level of MOS pipe Q1 grid, thus realizing the conduction of MOS pipe Q1 source and drain, making the current of power supply positive pole VDD flow from MOS pipe Q1 source to drain, then to relay3, thus controlling the work of relay 3.
Referring to fig. 1, in order to improve the operating stability of the switching unit 2, a first capacitor C1 and a first resistor R1 are electrically connected between the source and the gate of the MOS transistor Q1, and the first capacitor C1 and the first resistor R1 are connected in parallel to a loop of the source and the gate of the MOS transistor Q1; the first capacitor C1 is used for filtering and resisting interference, and the first resistor R1 is used for performing electrostatic protection on the MOS tube Q1, so that the MOS tube Q1 is prevented from being subjected to electrostatic breakdown by the circuit. A second resistor R2 is connected in series to a branch of an output pin OUT _1 of the micro control unit 1 and a gate of the MOS transistor Q1, and the second resistor R2 is used for providing a bias voltage and further discharging static electricity in the circuit, so that malfunction of the MOS transistor Q1 or breakdown of the MOS transistor Q1 is avoided, and the MOS transistor Q1 is further protected.
Referring to fig. 1, in order to prevent a continuous current generated by the turn-off of a coil in a relay3 from breaking down a MOS transistor Q1, a first follow current protection unit 4 and a second follow current protection unit 5 are electrically connected between the relay3 and a switch unit 2; the first follow current protection unit 4 is arranged on one side close to the relay3 and used for releasing a large amount of follow current voltage to serve as primary protection; the second freewheeling protection unit 5 is arranged close to the switching unit 2 for bleeding off residual freewheeling voltage as a secondary protection. The MOS tube Q1 and the micro control unit 1 are protected by the secondary protection of the first follow current protection unit 4 and the second follow current protection unit 5.
Referring to fig. 1, COIL pins of a relay3 are a COIL + pin and a COIL-pin, common pins of the relay3 are a COM1 pin and a COM2 pin, a normally open pin is an NO1 pin and an NO2 pin, and a normally closed pin is an NC1 pin and an NC2 pin. Since the follow current of the relay3 is generated by the COIL, the follow current released from the COIL + pin needs to be eliminated to protect the MOS transistor Q1 and the micro control unit 1. The first follow current protection unit 4 comprises a first voltage dependent resistor RV1, two ends of the first voltage dependent resistor RV1 are respectively connected to a COIL + pin and a COIL-pin of the relay3, the COIL-pin of the relay3 is connected with a power supply cathode GND, the first voltage dependent resistor RV1 is arranged at two ends of the COIL + pin and the COIL-pin, when the relay3 is disconnected, follow current generated at two ends of the COIL + pin and the COIL-pin is consumed by the first voltage dependent resistor RV1, voltage is clamped on low voltage, and therefore protection of the MOS transistor Q1 and the micro control unit 1 is achieved. One end of the first piezoresistor RV1, which is far away from and connected to the power supply cathode GND, is connected with a third resistor R3, and the third resistor R3 is connected in series on a loop of a drain electrode of the MOS tube Q1 and a 3COIL + pin of the relay, so that the current-limiting effect can be achieved, and the MOS tube Q1 is further protected.
Referring to fig. 1, in order to further perform freewheeling protection on the MOS transistor Q1 and the micro control unit 1, the second freewheeling protection unit 5 includes a fourth resistor R4 and a first electrostatic protection diode ESD1, where the fourth resistor R4 and the first electrostatic protection diode ESD1 are both connected in parallel to a drain of the MOS transistor Q1 and a loop of a pin 3COIL + of the relay, and the other ends of the fourth resistor R4 and the first electrostatic protection diode ESD1 are both connected to a power supply negative electrode GND. When the relay3 works normally, the first electrostatic protection diode ESD1 is in a high-resistance state, and the normal work of the relay3 is not influenced; when the relay3 is switched off, instantaneous large current is generated in the coil, the first follow current protection unit 4 consumes most of the follow current, the first electrostatic protection diode ESD1 is changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, a low-impedance conduction path is provided for the rest current, and follow current voltage is clamped in a safety range, so that the MOS transistor Q1 and the micro control unit 1 are further protected.
Referring to fig. 1, a COM2 pin and a NO2 pin of the relay3 are respectively connected to a RRELAY3A pin and a RRELAY3B pin of the external circuit, and are used to output a relay3 control signal, thereby controlling the switching value of the external circuit. IN order to diagnose and detect whether the relay3 circuit works normally, the pin NC1 of the relay3 is connected to the power supply cathode GND, the pin NO1 is electrically connected to the power supply anode VDD, and the pin COM1 is connected to the input pin IN _1 of the micro control unit 1 and used for reading back and detecting whether the relay3 works normally. In a normal state, when the micro control unit 1 does not send a conduction instruction, the relay3 is disconnected, at the moment, a COM1 pin in the relay3 is connected with an NC1 pin, and the micro control unit 1 reads back a low level; when the micro control unit 1 sends a conducting instruction, the relay3 is closed, the COM1 pin in the relay3 is connected to the NO1 pin, and the micro control unit 1 reads back a high level. And comparing the obtained high-low level signals with the logic preset high-low level signals to judge whether the relay3 works normally. If the micro control unit 1 detects a read-back error, the abnormal operation of the relay3 can be detected, so that the reliability of a control circuit of the relay3 is enhanced, and the operation of the whole system is influenced.
Referring to fig. 1, since the NO1 pin of the relay3 is electrically connected to the positive electrode VDD of the power supply, when the power supply is turned on instantaneously or the circuit is abnormal, a surge occurs, which generates an instantaneous overvoltage and an overcurrent exceeding the normal operating voltage, and damages the micro control unit 1. In order to avoid damage of surge to the micro control unit 1 caused by overvoltage and overcurrent, a first surge protection unit 6 and a second surge protection unit 7 are arranged in the micro control unit, wherein the first surge protection unit 6 is arranged on a branch circuit of a pin NO1 of the relay3 and a power supply positive electrode VDD and used for discharging a large amount of surge voltage to serve as primary protection; the second surge protection unit 7 is arranged on a branch of a COM1 pin of the micro control unit 1 and a COM1 pin of the relay3, and is used for discharging residual surge voltage to be used as secondary protection. The first surge protection unit 6 and the second surge protection unit 7 discharge overvoltage and overcurrent by performing two-stage surge protection on the micro control unit 1, thereby preventing damage of the micro control unit 1 caused by surge.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present application, the first surge protection unit 6 employs a TVS (transient diode) D1 with the fastest response speed in the voltage-limiting surge protection device, one end of the TVS D1 is connected between the NO1 pin of the relay3 and the positive power VDD, and the other end is connected to the negative power GND. When the relay3 is closed to work, the COM1 pin in the relay3 is connected to the NO1 pin, if the positive electrode VDD of the power supply generates surge at the moment, the TVS tube D1 responds quickly, changes from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, releases surge current and clamps surge voltage in a safety range.
Referring to fig. 1, the second surge protection unit 7 includes a second varistor RV2 and a second electrostatic protection diode ESD2, and a fifth resistor R5; one end of a second piezoresistor RV2 is connected to a branch of a COM1 pin of the micro control unit 1 and the relay3, and the other end of the second piezoresistor RV is connected to one end of a second electrostatic protection diode ESD 2; one end of the second electrostatic protection diode ESD2, which is far away from the second voltage dependent resistor RV2, is connected to a branch of the COM1 pin of the micro control unit 1 and the relay3, and the other end is connected to the power supply cathode GND. The fifth resistor R5 is connected in series to a loop of the micro control unit 1 and the COM1 pin of the relay3, and is located between the second voltage dependent resistor RV2 and the connection end of the second electrostatic protection diode ESD2, so as to perform current-limiting protection on the micro control unit 1.
When the positive electrode VDD of the power supply is free from surge, a series branch of a second voltage dependent resistor RV2 and a second electrostatic protection diode ESD2 is IN a high-resistance state, and a high-low level signal for judging whether the relay3 works normally is transmitted to an input pin IN _1 of the micro control unit 1 from a COM1 pin; when the positive power supply VDD generates surge, the first surge protection unit 6 flows to the second surge protection unit 7 without discharging complete surge current, the second piezoresistor RV2 and the second electrostatic protection diode ESD2 are both changed from a high resistance state to a low resistance state, overcurrent flows to the negative power supply GND along the second piezoresistor RV2 and clamps surge voltage on low voltage, and the second electrostatic protection diode ESD2 further clamps surge voltage, so that the micro control unit 1 is further protected.
The implementation principle of the switching value output control circuit with high reliability in the embodiment of the application is as follows: when the micro control unit 1 outputs a high level switch signal, the MOS tube Q1 is conducted, the control relay3 is closed, the COM1 pin in the relay3 is connected to the NO1 pin, the micro control unit 1 reads back a high level, and the micro control unit 1 judges that the relay3 normally works. At this time, if the positive electrode VDD of the power supply generates a surge, the first surge protection unit 6 and the second surge protection unit 7 perform two-stage surge protection, thereby protecting the micro control unit 1.
When the micro control unit 1 outputs a low level switch signal, the MOS tube Q1 is turned off, the relay3 is turned off, the continuous current is released at the COIL + pin, and two-stage continuous current protection is performed through the first continuous current protection unit 4 and the second continuous current protection unit 5, so that the micro control unit 1 and the MOS tube Q1 are protected.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A high-reliability switching value output control circuit is characterized in that: comprises a micro control unit (1), a switch unit (2) and a relay (3);
the micro control unit (1) is electrically connected to a common pin of the switch unit (2) and the relay (3) and is used for controlling the switch-on of the switch unit (2), carrying out read-back detection on the relay (3) and judging whether the relay (3) works normally or not;
the switch unit (2) is electrically connected to a power supply loop of a coil pin of the relay (3) and is used for controlling the on-off of power supply of the coil pin of the relay (3);
the relay (3) is used for outputting a switching value control signal;
any normally open pin of the relay (3) is connected with a power supply anode, any normally closed pin is connected with a power supply cathode, when the relay (3) is disconnected, a public pin of the relay (3) is electrically connected with the normally closed pin, and the micro control unit (1) reads back a low level signal; when the relay (3) is closed, a common pin of the relay (3) is electrically connected to the normally open pin, and the micro control unit (1) reads back a high level signal.
2. A highly reliable switching value output control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the relay (3) is connected to the normally open pin electric connection of the power supply anode is provided with a first surge protection unit (6), and the first surge protection unit (6) is used for discharging surge voltage generated by the power supply anode.
3. A highly reliable switching value output control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first surge protection unit (6) comprises at least one transient diode, one end of the transient diode is connected to a normally open pin of the relay (3), and the other end of the transient diode is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
4. A highly reliable switching value output control circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a branch of a common pin of the micro control unit (1) and the relay (3) is connected with a second surge protection unit (7), and the second surge protection unit (7) is used for further discharging surge voltage generated by the anode of the power supply.
5. The switching value output control circuit with high reliability as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the second surge protection unit (7) comprises at least one second electrostatic protection diode and at least one second piezoresistor, one end of the second surge protection diode is connected to a branch of a public pin of the micro control unit (1) and the relay (3), and the other end of the second surge protection diode is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
6. A highly reliable switching value output control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: a first follow current protection unit (4) is arranged on a branch of a coil pin of the switch unit (2) and the relay (3), and the first follow current protection unit (4) is used for releasing follow current generated on the coil pin when the relay (3) is disconnected.
7. The switching value output control circuit with high reliability according to claim 6, wherein: the first follow current protection unit (4) comprises at least one first piezoresistor, the first piezoresistor is connected between two coil pins of the relay (3), and a negative coil pin of the relay (3) is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
8. The switching value output control circuit with high reliability according to claim 6, wherein: and a second follow current protection unit (5) is arranged on a branch of the switch unit (2) and the first follow current protection unit (4), and the second follow current protection unit (5) is used for further releasing the follow current generated on a coil pin when the relay (3) is disconnected.
9. A highly reliable switching value output control circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that: the second follow current protection unit (5) comprises at least one first static protection diode and a fourth resistor, one end of each of the first static protection diode and the fourth resistor is connected to a branch of a coil pin of the switch unit (2) and the relay (3), and the other end of each of the first static protection diode and the fourth resistor is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222509009.8U CN218549486U (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2022-09-21 | High-reliability switching value output control circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222509009.8U CN218549486U (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2022-09-21 | High-reliability switching value output control circuit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN218549486U true CN218549486U (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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| CN202222509009.8U Active CN218549486U (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2022-09-21 | High-reliability switching value output control circuit |
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| CN (1) | CN218549486U (en) |
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