CN218498381U

CN218498381U - Spherical lens applied to 5G communication

Info

Publication number: CN218498381U
Application number: CN202222506605.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄儒源; 王英桥; 金磊
Original assignee: Anshan Wharton Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Anshan Wharton Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-22
Filing date: 2022-09-22
Publication date: 2023-02-17
Anticipated expiration: 2032-09-22

Abstract

A spherical lens applied to 5G communication belongs to the technical field of spherical lenses. The spherical lens is formed by connecting a plurality of planar medium structures which are made of the same materials and have the same shape, wherein hollow annular medium which form the planar medium structures are concentrically arranged, are arranged in the same meridian great circle plane at equal intervals from the sphere center outwards and are fixedly connected together through a medium plate. This ball lens simple structure can utilize 3D printing technique to realize, and feed antenna places the focus department at lens and can use, has gain and improves effectual (can not produce other influences to feed antenna), broadband, miniaturization, cost of manufacture low, the integrated advantage of being convenient for.

Description

Spherical lens applied to 5G communication

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of spherical lens, in particular to spherical lens of being applied to 5G communication of Sub-6GHz wave band.

Background

Currently, there are two main directions of research on 5G communications, sub-6GHz and millimeter wave bands, respectively. In the initial stage of 5G application, china takes Sub-6GHz as a key construction direction, and the frequency band can cover 450 MHz to 6000 MHz, wherein the key communication frequency bands are N77 (3.3-4.2 GHz), N78 (3.3-3.8 GHz) and N79 (4.4-4.5 GHz). The Sub-6GHz spectrum utilization is increasing worldwide, and therefore the demand for 5G base station antennas in the above frequency bands is also increasing.

In order to improve the gain of the antenna unit, a method of introducing a lens has been receiving attention of researchers in recent years. The luneberg lens is a spherical symmetrical gradient dielectric lens, and can convert spherical waves emitted by the feed antenna into plane waves, so that the convergence of electromagnetic wave energy is realized, and the luneberg lens is embodied as the gain increase of the feed antenna. In addition, a plurality of feed sources are placed at different focuses of the lens or the position of a single feed source is moved, so that the beam scanning function can be realized by using the Luneberg lens. The lenses introduced at present are mainly: a lens with a graded dielectric layer based on different materials; a luneberg lens based on transform optics; the super-surface luneberg lenses based on metamaterials often have the defects of complex structure, narrow bandwidth, high loss, strong frequency selectivity and the like.

With the continuous maturity of 3D printing technology, the researcher has locked the eyesight on traditional three-dimensional luneberg lens again, realizes the gradual change of relative dielectric constant through designing lens inner structure. Although the luneberg lens has the advantages of wide band, high gain and capability of realizing beam scanning, the complex internal structure and large volume of the luneberg lens are limited to the processing and application of the luneberg lens.

Disclosure of Invention

To the not enough that prior art exists, the utility model aims at providing a be applied to 5G communication's ball lens.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: the spherical lens is characterized by being formed by mutually connecting a plurality of planar medium structures which are made of the same materials and have the same shape at the same angle, wherein the outer contours of the planar medium structures can be enveloped in a fitting manner to form a spherical surface, each planar medium structure is composed of hollow torus media and a medium plate for connecting the hollow torus media, and the hollow torus media are concentrically arranged, are arranged in the same meridian great circle plane at equal intervals from the sphere center outwards and are fixed through the medium plates.

In the above scheme, the ratio of the volume occupied by the air and the medium in each hollow torus medium in the meridian great circle plane is gradually increased from the sphere center to the outside, and when the volume of the hollow part of each hollow torus medium is fixed, the thickness of each hollow torus medium is gradually reduced from the sphere center to the outside.

In the scheme, the central working frequency band of the spherical lens is 3 GHz-5 GHz, and the diameter of the spherical lens is twice of the free space wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency.

In the scheme, the distance range is 1.5mm-2.5mm.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are that: the spherical lens applied to 5G communication is formed by connecting a plurality of planar medium structures which are made of the same materials and have the same shape, wherein hollow circular ring body mediums forming the planar medium structures are concentrically arranged, are outwards arranged in the same meridian great circle plane at equal intervals from the sphere center and are fixedly connected together through a medium plate. This ball lens simple structure can utilize 3D printing technique to realize, and feed antenna places the focus department at lens and can use, has gain and improves effectual (can not produce other influences to feed antenna), broadband, miniaturization, cost of manufacture low, the integrated advantage of being convenient for.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a ball lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hollow torus medium structure in a meridian great circle plane according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a meridian great circle of an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a simulated standing wave diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph of simulated gain according to an embodiment of the present invention;

the numbers in the figure illustrate the following: 1 hollow torus medium and 2 medium plates.

Detailed Description

The above objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood and the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 5 and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments.

The spherical lens applied to 5G communication adopted by the embodiment comprises a planar medium structure formed by a plurality of layers of nested hollow torus media 1, wherein a plurality of planar medium structures are connected with each other, and the outer contour of each planar medium structure can be enveloped in a fitting manner to form a spherical surface. In the planar medium structure, hollow torus media 1 are concentrically arranged, are arranged in the same meridian great circle plane at equal intervals from the sphere center outwards and are fixedly connected through a medium plate 2, and the medium plate 2 is circular and is perpendicular to the meridian great circle plane after penetrating through the center of a spherical lens. The medium plate 2 and the hollow annular body medium 1 connected with the medium plate are of an integrally formed structure. The internal diameter of each cavity tourus medium 1 sets up 2 fixed values by the centre of sphere outwards, divides 10 tourus into 2 groups (inside 6 tourus are a set of, and outside 4 tourus are a set of), and these 2 fixed values are outwards crescent by the centre of sphere, and the thickness of each group cavity tourus medium outwards reduces gradually by the centre of sphere, forms the ball lens of dielectric constant gradual change. The material of the hollow torus medium 1 and that of the medium plate 2 in this embodiment are the same, and both are made of ABS resin (ABS), and the relative dielectric constant ∈ r = 4.4 of ABS resin.

The spherical gradient dielectric lens in this embodiment is designed by following, but not limited to, the working principle of a luneberg lens, and the gradient rule of the equivalent relative permittivity of the medium is similar to the gradient rule of the relative permittivity of the material of the luneberg lens, and the medium gradient formula of the luneberg lens is as follows: ε R = 2- (R/R) ² . When determining the structure, firstly, the circle is determined according to the relative dielectric constant distribution formula of the luneberg lensThe major diameter of the ring body. And according to the volume formula of the circular ring body, the volume ratio of the air ring and the medium ring is related to the square of the radius of the air ring and the medium ring on the section of the circular ring. Knowing the relative dielectric constant of air (1) and the relative dielectric constant of the medium (4.4), the radii of the two can be determined initially from the ratio and, after calculation, can be verified in the CST software.

The spherical lens realizes the gradual change of the equivalent relative dielectric constant by changing the thickness of the outer layer medium of the hollow torus medium corresponding to different diameters. Considering the limitation of the processing technology to the thickness of the outer layer medium, the diameter of the inner hollow torus medium is fixed to two different values, for a meridian large circular plane containing 10 layers of hollow torus medium, the diameter of the hollow torus of the outer four layers of large circular rings is larger than that of the hollow torus of the inner six layers of small circular rings, in this embodiment, the thickness of the outermost layer of hollow torus medium is larger than 0.3mm, and the thickness of the innermost layer of hollow torus medium may be 1mm.

The diameter of the spherical lens in this embodiment is set to be 2 times the free space wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency, and this relative size provides an advantage of miniaturization.

The spherical lens of the embodiment is fed, the feed source antenna is placed at the focal point position of the lens, the focal plane of the lens is a plane perpendicular to the meridian plane great circle rotating shaft, and the focal point is located on the plane and at a certain distance from the outer surface of the lens. The spherical lens has the best gain improvement effect on the antenna.

The spherical lens of the embodiment is convenient to integrate, and only the existing antenna needs to be placed at the intersection of the lens for feeding, and the structure of the existing antenna does not need to be changed. The working frequency band of the lens can cover a Sub-6GHz key communication frequency band of 5G communication, does not influence the bandwidth, polarization mode and the like of the antenna, and can be integrated with a base station antenna.

And (3) performing simulation calculation on the spherical lens with the structure by using a CST microwave working chamber (CST microwave studio), and feeding the lens by using a standard waveguide BJ40 to obtain the gain improvement effect of the lens on the feed source antenna in a working frequency band of 3 to 5 GHz. The simulation result shows that the spherical lens antenna with the structure has almost no influence on the standing-wave ratio of the feed source waveguide port in the range of 3 GHz-5 GHz, and has obvious improvement effect on the gain of the feed source antenna in the working frequency band. The in-band average gain of the waveguide port is improved by 7.8 dB from 6.5 dBi to 14.3 dBi; at 4.2 GHz, the lens increased the gain of the waveguide port from 5.3 dBi to 14.6 dBi, achieving a gain increase of 9.3 dB. The working frequency band and the gain improvement effect of the spherical lens both meet the practical application requirements.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The spherical lens is characterized in that a plurality of planar medium structures made of the same materials and having the same shape are connected with each other at a fixed rotation angle, each planar medium structure is composed of a hollow torus medium and a medium plate used for connecting the hollow torus media, the hollow torus media are concentrically arranged, are arranged in the same meridian great circle plane at equal intervals from the sphere center to the outside, and are fixed through the medium plates.

2. The spherical lens according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the volume occupied by air and the medium in each hollow torus medium in the meridional great circle plane gradually increases from the center of the sphere outward, and the thickness of each hollow torus medium gradually decreases from the center of the sphere outward when the volume of the hollow portion of each hollow torus medium is constant.

3. The ball lens of claim 1, wherein: the central working frequency range of the spherical lens is 3 GHz-5 GHz, and the diameter of the spherical lens is twice of the free space wavelength corresponding to the central working frequency.

4. The ball lens of claim 1, wherein: the distance range is 1.5mm-2.5mm.