CN218478710U - Medium heat value biogas production device based on high-concentration oxygen-steam gasification - Google Patents
Medium heat value biogas production device based on high-concentration oxygen-steam gasification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a well calorific value biogas apparatus for producing based on high concentration oxygen-vapor gasification, including broken dry, high concentration oxygen-vapor gasification unit, the empty oxygenerator of low energy consumption, product gas purifier, isothermal methanation device, CO of living beings raw materials 2 A separating device, a waste heat power generation device unit and the like. The utility model discloses gasification equipment is simple, and the design is low with the operation degree of difficulty, and system's internal energy recovery is abundant with recycling, and the feasibility is strong, and the scale is zoomed easily, is fit for the comprehensive utilization of resources such as town and country agriculture and forestry discarded object, domestic waste.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model provides a living beings high quality gas production system based on high concentration oxygen-vapor gasification is the cooperative system of technologies such as high concentration oxygen-vapor gasification, methanation, low energy consumption system oxygen, waste heat power generation, belongs to living beings utilization and biogas production field.
Background
With the rapid development of society, energy and related environmental issues have become prominent. The public demand for clean energy is increasingly urgent, and especially the demand for clean fuel gas in the civil field is awaited. Under the background, the natural gas market in China has the characteristics of increasing demand year by year, increasing supply-demand contradiction year by year, large external dependence, large peak-valley difference of winter and summer consumption and large rural city difference.
Biomass is a carbon neutral renewable resource with abundant total resources and wide distribution. The utilization of biomass gasification synthetic fuel to replace fossil fuel is one of important ways for promoting energy conservation, emission reduction and transformation of distributed energy structures. Biomass gas is one of the important supplementary ways in the field of gas.
Biogas production methods based on microbial anaerobic fermentation, although commercialized, can produce methane-rich, low-H 2 And the biomass gas has high safety. But the raw materials are limited, the conversion speed is low, the efficiency is low, and the method is sensitive to the change of the external environment, so that the development momentum and the wide application of the technology are hindered.
Based on N in gas generated by gasification of air or low-concentration oxygen 2 High content, low heat value, unable to meet the application requirement of the existing burner and poor transportation economy. In addition, the product gases CO and H from the gasification 2 High concentration and high danger, is not suitable to be directly used as civil gas, and needs to be treated by methanation process and the like.
The biomass natural gas synthesis process based on thermochemistry comprises steam gasification, synthesis gas purification, methanation, crude natural gas compression, CO 2 And (4) separating and the like. The biomass gasification as a key link adopts steam as a gasification medium, and generally adopts a double fluidized bed or an autothermal reactor which is carried out by combustion and gasification in a subarea manner. The gasification device is difficult to design, manufacture and actually operate, has large maintenance workload and high cost, and is unfavorableThe method is applied to medium and small-sized projects. In addition, the currently mainstream dual fluidized bed gasification reactors provide the heat required for the gasification reaction by burning biomass or char. The mode needs to be provided with a complete and complex flue gas treatment facility, so that the actual process flow is complex, the auxiliary equipment is various, the cost is high, and the biogas based on gasification lacks competitiveness.
Under the dual limitations of technology and cost, the biomass gas industry develops slowly in China and other regions of the world as a whole. Therefore, improvement and innovation can be carried out from the perspective of gasification equipment and system integration, the design and manufacturing difficulty of the gasification reactor is reduced, the material and energy conversion efficiency of the system is improved, and the equipment and operation cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at overcoming the above-mentioned not enough that exists among the prior art, provide a living beings crowning quality gas apparatus for producing based on high concentration oxygen-vapor gasification to solve the problem among the above-mentioned background art.
The utility model provides a technical scheme that above-mentioned problem adopted is: a production device of a medium calorific value biogas based on high concentration oxygen-steam gasification is characterized in that a crushing and drying device, a medium temperature heating pyrolyzer, a high concentration oxygen-steam gasifier, a product gas separation and purification device, a product gas condenser, a synthesis gas compressor, a synthesis gas cooler, an isothermal methanation reactor, a synthesis gas condenser and a CO2 separation device are sequentially connected in series along the material running direction; the high-concentration oxygen-water vapor gasifier, the product gas separation and purification device and the tar collector form a gas-tar circulation loop, and oxygen and part of raw materials are subjected to combustion reaction inside the gasifier to release heat so as to meet the heat and temperature required by the gasification reaction.
The water inlet of the isothermal methanation reactor is connected with a heater, and the heater is connected with a water pump for methanation.
The low-energy-consumption air separation oxygen generation device is connected with the waste heat power generation device.
Advantageous effects
1. The utility model discloses by high concentration oxygen-vapor gasification, low energy consumption empty system oxygen, methanation, calorific power generation etc. unit cooperation production in calorific value biogas, high concentration oxygen-vapor gasification's effect is in realizing low N in simple structure, the single vaporizer in the aspect of the operation 2 Production of synthesis gas.
2. The utility model discloses a gasification unit's characteristic does: the raw material drying and preheating pyrolysis use the recovered waste heat, and the heat consumption of the high-temperature gasification reaction is mainly provided by the oxidation exothermic reaction of part of the raw materials and oxygen. For the high-temperature reaction section of gasification, high-concentration O is adopted 2 The gasification mode of adding water vapor avoids that the synthesis gas is greatly N 2 Dilution and high energy consumption of pure oxygen required by pure oxygen gasification are avoided. System for producing oxygen by air separation with energy consumption and N in synthesis gas 2 The concentration reaches good balance, and the gasification and heat release are generated in one reactor, thereby greatly simplifying the structure of the gasification reactor and the combustion flue gas treatment facility of the traditional steam gasification device. The main component in the synthesis gas generated by methanation is CH 4 、CO 2 And N 2 In which CH 4 The concentration is not lower than 35 vol.%.
3. The utility model discloses a high concentration oxygen is as main gasification medium, and concentration is between 80% to 90%, and the air separation oxygenerator that divides by the low energy consumption provides, and the ratio of actual oxygen supply volume/theoretical complete reaction oxygen consumption is between 0.10 to 0.40. Due to the addition of the oxygen, the tar content in the gasification product gas is reduced, and the load of subsequent product gas purification is reduced.
4. After the collected tar is accumulated, the collected tar is sent into an oxidation core area through a special tar injection pipeline, and the cracking and reforming of the tar are accelerated by means of the high temperature and the reaction activity characteristics of the upper area. The zero discharge of tar is realized by combining the above steps.
5. A large amount of medium-high temperature heat energy is generated in the production process, and the power consumption requirement in the production process can be basically met through waste heat power generation; can also constitute gas-heat-N 2 A co-production system for supplying industrial steam and high-concentration nitrogen gas to the outside or heating hot water for civil use, thereby improving comprehensive energy efficiency and economyThe benefits are obtained.
6. The power consumption of the system, including the power consumption of low-energy oxygen generation, mainly comes from waste heat power generation; when the waste heat is insufficient, the generated partial fuel gas is used and supplemented by the fuel gas internal combustion engine, and the fuel gas internal combustion engine discharges smoke at high temperature and simultaneously supplies the smoke to the waste heat power generation device and increases the power generation power of the waste heat power generation device; when surplus power is generated by waste heat, the surplus power is supplied to a local power grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the flow chart of the medium calorific value biogas production system based on high concentration oxygen-steam gasification of the utility model, the main equipment and the device are:
1. a crushing and drying device; 2. a gasification water pump; 3. a steam generator; 4. a low energy consumption air separation oxygen generating device; 5. a high concentration oxygen-steam gasifier; 6. a product gas heat exchanger; 7. a separation purification device; 8. a tar collector 9, a product gas condenser; 10. a compressor; 11. an isothermal methanation reactor; 12. a water pump for methanation; 13. a heater; 14. a synthesis gas condenser; 15. a gas internal combustion engine; 16. provided is a waste heat power generation device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The utility model discloses a calorific value biogas apparatus for producing based on high concentration oxygen-vapor gasification, along the material traffic direction, by multistage gasification device constitution, by crushing and drying device, high concentration oxygen-vapor gasifier, product gas heat exchanger, separation purifier, product gas condenser, synthetic gas compressor, isothermal methanation reactor, synthetic gas condenser establish ties in proper order by the gasification device of the product gas; wherein the air inlet of the high-concentration oxygen-water vapor gasifier is respectively connected with the steam generator and the low-energy-consumption air separation oxygen generation device, and the high-concentration oxygen-water vapor gasifier, the product gas heat exchanger, the separation and purification device and the tar collector form a gas-tar circulation loop.
The biomass raw material firstly enters a 1. Crushing and drying device for crushing and drying, and the heat source is from the medium-low temperature of product gas and synthesis gasAnd (4) recovering waste heat. The temperature of the heated raw materials is between 100 ℃ and 120 ℃, and the water content is not higher than 20%. The dried biomass then enters a 5. High concentration oxygen-steam gasifier at high concentration O 2 Carrying out gasification reaction in the atmosphere of water vapor to obtain CO and CO 2 And H 2 Is the product gas of main component. The gasification water is generated by a gasification water pump 2 and a steam generator 3, and the required heat is the heat release of product cooling and methanation. High concentration oxygen from 4, low energy consumption air separation oxygen making device, O produced 2 The purity is 80-90%, and the energy consumption is 270 kWh/t oxygen. 5. High concentration oxygen-steam gasifier operating with O 2 Equivalence ratio (actual oxygen supply/theoretical total oxygen consumption, ER) range: 0.10 to 0.45. Steam/biomass mass ratio (S/B) range: 0.3 to 0.8. The gasification temperature is 700 to 1200 ℃. The gasification and oxidation of the biomass can generate a device space to complete complex heating, pyrolysis and gasification reforming reactions. The heat required for gasification is mainly provided by partial biomass oxidation combustion.
And (3) feeding the high-temperature product gas generated by gasification into a 6-product gas heat exchanger, cooling, exchanging heat and recovering heat, and then feeding into a 7-separation and purification device to realize ash separation, product gas cooling, particulate matter filtration and condensation separation of trace tar and redundant moisture in the product gas. Tar is accumulated in the tar collector (8), and after a certain amount of tar is obtained, the tar is injected into a reaction area with high oxygen concentration and high temperature in the high-concentration oxygen-water vapor gasifier (5) through a tar injection pipeline. By means of the characteristics of strong oxidation and high temperature, the cracking and reforming of tar are promoted, and zero discharge of tar is realized. And (9) the product gas enters a condenser for continuously cooling and reducing the temperature of the product gas, and the redundant water is analyzed to meet the gas inlet requirement of the compressor.
The qualified product gas is passed through 10. Product gas compressor to raise pressure and at the same time make necessary temp. regulation. In order to promote the reforming reaction of the methanation reactor and inhibit the carbon deposition of the reaction, a certain amount of steam is required to be sprayed into the methanation reactor at the same time, and water required by methanation is treated by 11, a water pump for methanation and 12, a heater. Mass ratio range of steam/syngas: 0.6 to 1.0. Introducing the boosted product and steam into the isothermal methanation reaction 11Reactor for methanation reaction to produce CH 4 And CO 2 A predominantly synthesis gas. The methanation reaction parameter is 300 to 400 ℃, the temperature is 0.5 to 1.6MPa, and the operation mode is isothermal.
And (4) carrying out methanation to obtain synthetic gas, cooling the synthetic gas by a synthetic gas condenser, recovering partial heat, condensing and separating out excessive moisture, and thus obtaining the methanation-rich synthetic gas with similar components to the landfill gas. According to local requirements, the gas can be directly supplied to required users for use, and CO can also be used 2 The separator continues to increase the heat value.
The power consumption of devices such as an air separation device, a compressor, a water pump and the like in the system is mainly supplied by waste heat power generation. When the waste heat power generation is insufficient, the waste heat power generation is supplemented by the gas internal combustion engine, and simultaneously, the exhaust smoke of the gas internal combustion engine enters the waste heat power generation device for utilization. When the waste heat power generation is excessive, the waste heat power generation can be supplied to a local power grid.
Examples
Wheat straw is used as gasification raw material, the feeding amount is 125 kg/h, and the low calorific value is 15.7 MJ/kg. The raw material is preheated at 110 ℃ and dried, and then is gasified under normal pressure,ERandS/Brespectively as follows: 0.21 and 0.4; the oxygen concentration was 80%. The product gas enters a condensation filter and a separator, and is cooled to 25 ℃ or below in a grading way. Wherein, the concentration of the main components of the product gas is as follows: CH (CH) 4 ：9.0%；CO 2 ：18.1%；CO：35.4%； H 2 ：34.4%；N 2 :3.0 percent of water vapor and C as the rest m H n 。
The purified product gas was pressurized to 0.65MPa using a compressor. At the same time, a water pump is used to obtain methanation water with 0.7 MPa, and then water vapor with the temperature of 300 ℃ and the pressure of about 0.65MPa is generated by a preheater. The two streams are led into an isothermal methanation reactor, the ratio of water vapor to product gas is 0.8, the methanation operation temperature is 300 ℃, and the pressure is 0.5 MPa. The synthesis gas obtained by methanation has the following main component concentration, CH 4 ：37.6%；CO 2 ：53.3%；CO：0.03%；H 2 ：3.3%；N 2 :5.6 percent; the high heat value and the low heat value are respectively 15.4 MJ/m 3 And 13.8 MJ/m 3 . The composition of this syngas is similar to that of landfill gas. At this time, the amount of residual heat power generation canThe power consumption requirement in the system is completely met, and a little surplus is provided for supplying to the power grid. In the case of the embodiment, the yield of the biogas is 0.871 Nm 3 Perkg, the system energy efficiency is 77.8%.
Although the present invention has been disclosed with reference to the above embodiments, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and any modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be construed as being included in the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A calorific value biogas production device based on high-concentration oxygen-steam gasification is characterized in that a crushing and drying device, a high-concentration oxygen-steam gasifier, a product gas heat exchanger, a product gas separation and purification device, a product gas condenser, a synthesis gas compressor, a synthesis gas cooler, an isothermal methanation reactor, a synthesis gas condenser, a gas internal combustion engine and a waste heat power generation device are sequentially connected in series along the material running direction; wherein the air inlet of the high-concentration oxygen-water vapor gasifier is respectively connected with the steam generator and the low-energy-consumption air separation oxygen generation device, and the high-concentration oxygen-water vapor gasifier, the product gas heat exchanger, the product gas separation purification device and the tar collector form a gas-tar circulation loop.
2. The apparatus for producing a medium calorific value biogas according to claim 1, wherein the isothermal methanation reactor of the isothermal methanation reactor has a water inlet connected to a heater, and the heater is connected to a water pump for methanation.
3. The medium calorific value biogas production plant based on high concentration oxygen-steam gasification according to claim 1, wherein a low energy air separation oxygen generation plant is connected with a waste heat power generation plant.
4. The apparatus for producing a medium calorific value biogas according to claim 1, wherein the high oxygen of the high oxygen-steam gasifier is supplied by a multi-nozzle design, and tar in the product gas is condensed, separated and collected, and then sprayed into a high oxygen concentration and high temperature region near a part of the oxygen nozzles, thereby burning and removing tar.
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