CN218463603U - Intelligent power supply and distribution system and unmanned vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an intelligent power supply and distribution system and an unmanned vehicle, wherein the intelligent power supply and distribution system comprises a power supply, a power management module, a vehicle control unit and a load, the load is electrically connected with the power supply through the power management module, and the power management module is in signal connection with the vehicle control unit; the power management module comprises a control module, a detection module and an output channel circuit; the input end of the output channel circuit is electrically connected with the power supply through the control module, and the output end of the output channel circuit is electrically connected with the load; the output channel circuit is in signal connection with the control module through the detection module; the control module is in signal connection with the whole vehicle controller; the control module is used for feeding back the states of all power supply channels in the output channel circuit to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit can judge whether a fault occurs according to the states of all the power supply channels and can control the switches of the relevant power supply channels in the output channel circuit through the control module.

Description

Intelligent power supply and distribution system and unmanned vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a power supply and distribution system technical field of unmanned vehicle especially relates to an intelligent power supply and distribution system and unmanned vehicle for unmanned vehicle.

Background

Due to the fact that mine transportation environment has a lot of dust, large wind and sand and bumpy roads, drivers who drive vehicles for a long time face problems of respiratory tract chronic diseases, lumbar vertebra injuries and the like; meanwhile, in recent years, the engaging of mine transport drivers is increasingly difficult, and the labor cost is high; with the development of the automatic driving technology and the new energy automobile technology, unmanned vehicles and unmanned driving technology are more mature.

Based on the factors, the L4-level (highly automatic driving) unmanned wide-body vehicles appear in more and more transportation scenes such as open mines, and the tasks of stripping and transporting the open mine earthwork are carried out by using the highly intelligent transportation carrier role. Because the new energy technology is not mature, most of the wide-body transport vehicles in China are fuel vehicles at present, and the existing system scheme and technology carried by the fuel vehicles are seriously lagged behind the development speed of the wide-body transport vehicles, so that the landing speed and the production function of the unmanned wide-body transport vehicles are seriously restricted. Among them, the 24V low-voltage power supply and distribution system is one of the key factors in many restrictions as an important component of the whole vehicle.

The low-voltage power supply and distribution system is an electric energy source spring of the whole vehicle, is responsible for providing safe, stable and reliable electric energy for the whole vehicle, is a necessary condition for signal acquisition and transmission of various sensors and actuators, instruction execution and stable operation of a control system, influences almost all functions (such as engine control, steering control, brake control, internet connection, unmanned control and the like) of the whole vehicle except for mechanical and hydraulic functions, and has a great influence once abnormity occurs.

The chassis of the existing unmanned wide body vehicle is evolved from a manned chassis, so that a low-voltage power supply and distribution system of the unmanned wide body vehicle is used or part of the low-voltage power supply and distribution system of the manned vehicle is used, and the scheme consists of basic units such as a mechanical relay and a fuse; the main problems of the power supply and distribution system consisting of the low-voltage storage battery and the low-voltage distribution box are as follows:

1. the power distribution device is complex and has lower reliability

When the network abnormality occurs in an IMU (inertial navigation) and an OBU (vehicle-mounted networking module) of an unmanned wide-body vehicle, a laser radar and a camera are required to be restarted to recover work when point cloud and image interruption occur, a centralized lubricating system is required to be started periodically and in a short time to realize the lubrication of the whole vehicle, and various loads are required to be controlled independently; according to the scheme, when more electric devices need to be restarted, a large number of relays are necessarily arranged in the distribution box, but potential fault points of the whole vehicle are also necessarily increased due to the complex internal structure of the relays; in addition, relays are generally used for controlling windows, wipers and the like in manned vehicles, and the key intelligent devices for controlling the L4-class unmanned vehicles obviously do not meet the required safety requirements, so that the lower reliability is more difficult to meet the requirement of unmanned wide-body vehicle landing.

2. Lack of capability for fault prognosis

Because most faults can have certain symptoms before occurrence, the phenomena can be processed as early as possible, possibility and conditions are provided for avoiding further development of serious faults and causing serious loss, and particularly, the intelligent driving system has low maturity of equipment in a supply chain, unstable intelligent equipment quality and high price and is more necessary for fault prediction of intelligent equipment; the unmanned wide-body vehicle is characterized in that a driver is not arranged in the vehicle any more, the identification of equipment before abnormity is changed from dependent on equipment to dependent on equipment, but the traditional power supply and distribution system only can play a role of cutting off a circuit when a fault occurs, so that the whole vehicle hardly has fault prejudgment capacity in the aspects of power supply and distribution, and the risk of major faults of the whole vehicle and great loss caused by the major faults of the whole vehicle is increased suddenly.

3. The troubleshooting efficiency is low, and the maintenance workload is large

For the unmanned wide-body vehicle, once a fault occurs, the transportation of a single vehicle or even the whole vehicle fleet is often stopped, and the improvement of the attendance rate and the transportation efficiency is restricted due to the large workload and the low efficiency of the carried traditional power supply and distribution system; taking the troubleshooting of a typical failure of EPS (electric power steering) bus signal loss as an example, the troubleshooting process generally includes the following steps:

the personnel move to the site; preparing maintenance tools and the like; disassembling the fuse box and checking whether the fuse is fused: if the fuse is fused, checking the insulativity of the power supply by using a universal meter, if the fuse is short-circuited, judging that the power line fails, and if the fuse is not short-circuited, judging that the EPS body fails; if the fuse is not fused, the goodness of a bus and a power line terminal in the EPS connector is checked, whether the pin or the wire is withdrawn is checked, if the pin or the wire is withdrawn, the connector fault is determined, if the pin or the wire is not withdrawn, the conductivity from the EPS connector to the bus is checked by using a universal meter, if the pin or the wire is not conducted, the bus fault is determined, if the pin or the wire is conducted, the conductivity from the EPS connector to a power line is checked by using the universal meter, if the pin or the wire is not conducted, the power line fault is determined, and if the pin or the wire is conducted, the EPS body fault is determined.

The fault diagnosis process has the advantages that the fault diagnosis process has more reasons and larger troubleshooting workload, if the fault is caused by reasons other than fuse-out, the fault diagnosis process is longest, the fault diagnosis process comprises 6 links of personnel arriving at a site, preparing tools, disassembling, necessary measuring, checking drawings and the like, the whole process needs about 20 minutes according to experience, the overhauling time is long, and the workload is large.

4. The whole train is low in continuous use degree and high in production link cost

When the company vehicle pedigree is huge, the reusability of the power distribution system among projects is low. For example, when the load powers of the project a and the project B are different, the distribution system needs to correspondingly assemble fuses and relays with different specifications, so that in order to complete the development of the project B, the business processing on the different materials has to be increased again for purchasing, warehouse management, warehouse-out, production process, assembly and acceptance, the total labor consumption time of the fuses in each link is 1 minute when the distribution system is arranged, 50% (10) fuses of the project B are different from the project a, the project B needs to be purchased again, warehoused, assembled, made an assembly process, made an acceptance file and the like, the total labor consumption time is judged to be about 10 minutes from experience, the more the vehicle models are, and the higher the cost is.

5. The management cost of the storehouse on the vehicle operation site is high

The protection of a whole vehicle circuit by a low-voltage distribution box power supply and distribution scheme consisting of a fuse and a relay belongs to physical protection, the purpose of protection is achieved in a fuse self-explosion mode, the maximum defect is that the protection can be performed only once, the protection cannot be recovered, the fuse can only be replaced when the function is required to be recovered, and the storehouse on the vehicle operation site needs to store the fuses of corresponding specifications for standby for a long time, so that the site management cost is increased.

6. Poor flexibility and low accuracy of power distribution

Because intelligent electronic products are continuously added and applied to the unmanned wide-body vehicle and more electric appliance products are loaded after the vehicle, when the electric appliances added in the whole vehicle are powered from the traditional low-voltage distribution box, the fuse is frequently required to be replaced to adapt to the circuit load, and the flexibility is poor; on the other hand, the specification of the fuse is discontinuous, electrical parts manufacturers of commercial vehicles generally can not provide more accurate test data, load parameters and the like as those of passenger vehicles, and the quasi-accurate load data is often lacked before the actual use of the vehicle, so that the power supply and distribution device is difficult to avoid the situation that the fuse is frequently burnt or the due protection effect cannot be exerted due to the fact that the specification of the fuse is selected to be small, and even serious accidents that the electrical parts are burnt occur.

For the reasons, it is an urgent problem to design an intelligent power supply and distribution system for an unmanned vehicle.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses an intelligence power supply and distribution system and unmanned car aims at solving the technical problem who exists among the prior art.

The utility model adopts the following technical proposal:

the first aspect provides an intelligent power supply and distribution system which comprises a power supply, a power management module, a vehicle control unit and a load, wherein the load is electrically connected with the power supply through the power management module, and the power management module is in signal connection with the vehicle control unit; the power management module comprises a control module, a detection module and an output channel circuit;

the input end of the output channel circuit is electrically connected with the power supply through the control module, and the output end of the output channel circuit is electrically connected with the load;

the output channel circuit is in signal connection with the control module through the detection module, and the detection module is used for acquiring the switching state, and/or the current state, and/or the voltage value, and/or the temperature value of each power supply channel in the output channel circuit and feeding back the switching state, the current state, the voltage value, and/or the temperature value to the control module; the control module is also in direct signal connection with the output channel circuit and is used for controlling the switch of the related power supply channel;

the control module is in signal connection with the whole vehicle controller; the control module is used for feeding back the states of all power supply channels in the output channel circuit to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit can judge whether the fault occurs according to the states of all the power supply channels and can control the switch of the relevant power supply channels in the output channel circuit through the control module.

As a preferred technical scheme, the detection module comprises an output state detection unit, the output state detection unit is used for feeding back the on or off state of each power supply channel to the control module, the control module can feed back the state information to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit controls the on and off of the related power supply channel.

According to a preferable technical scheme, the detection module comprises an output current detection unit, the output current detection unit is used for feeding back real-time current values of all power supply channels to the control module, the control module is used for sending the real-time current values to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit controls the on and off of the related power supply channels.

According to the preferable technical scheme, the detection module comprises an overcurrent protection unit, the overcurrent protection unit is used for converting the real-time voltage analog quantity into a digital quantity and transmitting the digital quantity to the control module, the control module can convert the digital quantity into a current value and then compares the current value with a stored preset protection value, and the control module controls the switch of the related power supply channel.

As a preferred technical scheme, the detection module comprises a temperature protection unit, the temperature protection unit is used for collecting the temperature of the terminal and transmitting the temperature to the control module, and the output channel circuit responds to the instruction of the control module and switches on and off the related power supply channel.

As a preferred technical solution, the output channel circuit can respond to a control instruction of the control module to control the on/off of the power supply to the relevant power supply channel of the load.

As a preferred technical solution, the output channel circuit includes a semiconductor switch circuit and a photoelectric isolation circuit, the photoelectric isolation circuit can respond to a control signal of the control module, and the semiconductor switch circuit is switched on and off, thereby realizing the switching of the control power supply channel.

As an optimal technical scheme, the intelligent power supply system further comprises a cloud platform, wherein the cloud platform can send an opening and closing instruction to the whole vehicle controller in a remote control mode, and can carry out fault prejudgment or reminding according to the state of each power supply channel.

Preferably, the load comprises an engine system, a transmission system, a brake system, a vehicle body system, a networking system or an intelligent control system.

In a second aspect, the application further provides an unmanned vehicle comprising the intelligent power supply and distribution system.

The utility model discloses a technical scheme can reach following beneficial effect:

the utility model provides a be applied to intelligence of L4 unmanned driving car and supply distribution system, this system is with power management module and whole car battery, the generator, whole car controller and whole car power consumption load etc. are organic integrated, and make its function and whole car function organic integration through signal interaction, because power management module has replaced original fuse and relay structure, and the control unit has still been increased, can overcurrent protection in real time, the excess temperature protection, and feed back in real time and supply distribution current, whole supply distribution system's intelligence has been improved, and because whole system is structural no longer be provided with any mechanical motion spare, can not produce contact failure, adhesion scheduling problem, therefore the fault risk reduces, the passageway break-make life-span increases, the reliability is showing the promotion than current power distribution system that supplies.

On the other hand, the utility model provides an unmanned vehicle, preferably L4 unmanned wide body car, it has above-mentioned intelligence to supply distribution system to use in this unmanned vehicle, it is by mechanical relay to have solved L4 unmanned wide body transport vechicle, the reliability that the power supply distribution system that the fuse is constituteed exists at present is low, the ability is judged in advance to lack the trouble, a plurality of problems that the commercialization of unmanned wide body transport vechicle falls to the ground are influenced to trouble shooting inefficiency etc. supply distribution system through using above-mentioned intelligence, make the power supply distribution system of whole vehicle obtain upgrading, satisfy its use scene special demands.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below to form a part of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments and the description thereof of the present invention explain the present invention and do not form an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent power supply and distribution system in a preferred embodiment disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent power supply and distribution system in another preferred embodiment disclosed in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an intelligent power supply and distribution system in a preferred embodiment disclosed in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

description of reference numerals:

a power supply 100; the system comprises a power management module 200, a power module 210, a control module 220, an MCU221, a CAN communication unit 230, an output channel circuit 240, an MOS tube circuit 241, a photoelectric isolation circuit 242, an output state detection unit 250, a comparator circuit 251, an output current detection unit 260, an A/D conversion circuit 261, an overcurrent protection unit 270, a temperature protection unit 280 and a thermistor 281; a load 300; a vehicle control unit 400; cloud platform 500.

Detailed Description

To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will combine the embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it is noted that the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

In the prior art, the L4-level unmanned wide-body transport vehicle still adopts a traditional 24V low-voltage power supply and distribution system, is responsible for providing safe, stable and reliable electric energy for the whole vehicle, and influences the signal acquisition and transmission of various sensors and actuators of the whole vehicle, the instruction execution and the stable operation of a control system; the scheme of the low-voltage storage battery and the low-voltage distribution box is still used or partially used in the existing low-voltage power supply and distribution system, and the scheme is composed of basic units such as a mechanical relay and a fuse, so that the low-voltage power supply and distribution system is complex in assembly, low in reliability, poor in power distribution flexibility and low in accuracy.

In order to solve the above problems, in the present embodiment, an intelligent power supply and distribution system is provided, referring to fig. 1 to 3, the intelligent power supply and distribution system includes a power supply 100, a power management module 200, a vehicle control unit 400, and a load 300, wherein the load 300 is electrically connected to the power supply 100 through the power management module 200, and the power management module 200 is in signal connection with the vehicle control unit 400; the power management module 200 can obtain real-time electrical parameters of each load 300 and send the real-time electrical parameters to the vehicle controller 400 to provide fault prediction and control of the circuit switches of the associated loads 300.

In a preferred embodiment, the load 300 is a whole vehicle load 300 of an unmanned vehicle, including but not limited to a transmitter system, a transmission system, a brake system, a vehicle body system, a network system and an intelligent control system, wherein the network system further includes an OBU (on board electronic tag) and an IMU (inertial measurement unit); the intelligent control system comprises a laser radar, an ultrasonic radar and an intelligent domain controller; each of the loads 300 is electrically connected to the output channel circuit 240.

In a preferred embodiment, the power supply 100 includes a battery and/or a generator, both of which are capable of providing a power supply for the entire intelligent power supply and distribution system; those skilled in the art will appreciate that the generator and battery are in a complementary relationship: for example, when the engine is flamed out, the storage battery supplies power to the whole vehicle; after the engine is started, the generator starts to generate electricity. The generator and the storage battery are connected in parallel, and the generator can charge the storage battery. Therefore, when the whole intelligent power supply and distribution system starts to operate, the storage battery or the generator can be considered to supply power to the system alternatively.

In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle control unit 400 is a VCU, and the VCU serves as a core control component of the vehicle, and its main functions include: driving torque control, optimal control of brake energy, monitoring management of a battery system, management of relays, maintenance and management of a CAN network, diagnosis and treatment of faults, vehicle state monitoring, and the like. In the present embodiment, the vehicle control unit 400 may be directly in signal connection with each load 300 without passing through the power management module 200.

Preferably, the vehicle controller 400 is controlled to turn on by the KL15 signals (indicating the ignition signal of the engine and the signal to start the vehicle), and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the KL15 corresponds to the IGN status of the key in the manned vehicle.

In another preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the vehicle control unit 400 is further in signal connection with the cloud platform 500, and the cloud platform 500 can send an opening and closing instruction through the vehicle control unit 400 in a remote control manner, and perform fault pre-judgment and fault reminding on the load 300 according to the electric energy channel state or the electric parameter from the vehicle control unit 400.

In a preferred embodiment, the power management module 200 includes a control module 220, a detection module, an output channel circuit 240, a power module 210, and a CAN communication unit 230; the control module 220 is a core of the whole battery management module, and the control module 220 is in signal connection with the whole vehicle controller 400 through the CAN communication unit 230; an electrical input end of the control module 220 is connected with the power supply 100, an electrical output end is connected with the output channel circuit 240 through the power supply module 210, and the output channel circuit 240 is connected with the load 300, so that the control module 220 can perform power supply management according to a power supply switching instruction, a preset control instruction and the like of the vehicle control unit 400; the output channel circuit 240 is further in signal connection with the control module 220 through a detection module, and the detection module can collect electrical parameters of each load 300 in the output channel circuit 240 and transmit the electrical parameters to the control module 220, so that the control module 220 can adjust the circuit switch according to the change of the electrical parameters of each load 300.

Preferably, the control module 220 is a control and coordination unit of the entire power management module 200, and is responsible for performing on-off control on the power supply channel according to the internal instruction and the external bus command, and simultaneously is responsible for collecting and issuing the state of the output channel circuit 240, and interacting with the entire vehicle controller 400, so as to implement storage and setting of the current protection value.

In a preferred embodiment, the control module 220 includes a customized MCU221, i.e., a single chip microcomputer, which has a programmable characteristic, and the control module 220 not only can store the electrical parameter thresholds of the different loads 300, but also can transmit the collected electrical parameters of the different loads 300 to the vehicle control unit 400; therefore, on one hand, the electrical parameters (such as current, voltage, temperature, etc.) collected by the control module 220 may be directly compared with the stored parameter threshold, and when a certain parameter exceeds the threshold, the control module 220 may send an instruction to the output channel circuit 240 to disconnect the input circuit of the relevant load 300, so as to function as a fuse; on the other hand, when the electrical parameters collected by the control module 220 are abnormal, even if the electrical parameters are uploaded to the vehicle controller 400, the vehicle controller 400 may be uploaded to the cloud for fault prediction.

Preferably, the MCU221 has several pins, and different pins are respectively connected to the power module 210, the detection module, the output channel circuit 240, the CAN communication unit 230, and the peripheral circuit. Those skilled in the art will understand that the specific functional instruction of the MCU221 can be customized according to the specific desired detected electrical parameter, and since the MCU221 in this embodiment mainly performs operations such as electrical parameter recording, electrical parameter comparison, electrical parameter transmission, and transmission of the switch instruction of the output channel circuit 240, and does not involve an algorithm or complex logic, it is not described herein any more, and those skilled in the art can simply customize the MCU221 according to actual needs.

In a preferred embodiment, the power module 210 includes a voltage regulator module for regulating the output voltage of the power supply 100 and stably supplying the regulated output voltage to the load 300.

In a preferred embodiment, the output channel circuit 240 includes a MOS transistor circuit 241 and a photo-isolation circuit 242 designed according to the power demand of the actual power load 300; preferably, the number of the posts provided by the output channel circuit 240 should be determined according to the number of the specific loads 300, so as to determine the specific design of the MOS transistor circuit 241 constituting the output channel circuit 240; more preferably, the output channel circuit 240 provides a greater number of terminals than the number of specific loads 300 to facilitate later addition or replacement of different loads 300.

Preferably, a photoelectric isolation circuit 242 is disposed between each MOS transistor circuit 241 and the control module 220, and the photoelectric isolation circuit can achieve isolation between the circuits, so as to ensure that the control module 220 transmits a control signal to the circuit where the high-power load 300 is located, and simultaneously isolate possible interference of the load 300 to the control module 220.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any type of the optoelectronic isolation circuit 242 may be selected from the prior art for use in the present solution, and since the structure of the optoelectronic isolation circuit 242 designed by different manufacturers is different, it is not described in detail in this application.

Specifically, the vehicle control unit 400 CAN send the power-on and power-off control intention to the control module 220 through the CAN communication unit 230, the control module 220 controls the on/off of the MOS transistor circuit 241 through the photoelectric isolation circuit 242 after analysis, and the on/off times of the MOS transistor circuit 241 CAN reach 10 ¹⁵ And the whole process does not have any mechanical moving part in structure, so that the problems of poor contact, adhesion and the like are avoided, and the fault risk is reduced.

In a preferred embodiment, the CAN communication unit 230 includes a data bus supporting CAN protocol, i.e. CAN bus, and those skilled in the art will understand that other types of data bus CAN be used to realize data transmission and interactive communication.

In a preferred embodiment, when the vehicle load 300 is provided with an internet system, the load 300 is connected to the output channel circuit 240 and then directly connected to the vehicle controller 400 through the CAN bus.

Preferably, the detection module CAN collect the on-off state, the current state, the voltage value and the temperature value of each power supply channel in the output channel circuit 240, and feed back the on-off state, the current state, the voltage value and the temperature value to the control module 220, and the control module 220 CAN transmit the signals to the vehicle controller 400 through the CAN communication unit 230; the control module 220 is also in direct signal connection with the output channel circuit 240, and the vehicle control unit 400 can determine whether a fault occurs according to the state or the electrical parameter of each power supply channel, and can control the switch of the relevant power supply channel in the output channel circuit 240 through the control module 220.

In a preferred embodiment, the detection module at least includes an output state detection unit 250, an output current detection unit 260, an over-current protection unit 270, and a temperature protection unit 280.

In a preferred embodiment, the output state detection unit 250 has an input terminal connected to the output channel circuit 240 and an output terminal connected to the control module 220; the output state detecting unit 250 includes a comparator circuit 251, which is used to feed back the on or off state of the related MOS transistor circuit 241 in the output channel circuit 240 to the control module 220, and finally feed back the on or off state to the vehicle controller 400, so as to implement closed-loop control. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the comparator circuit 251 can be selected from any circuit design in the prior art, and will not be described in detail in this application.

In a preferred embodiment, the output current detection unit 260 has an input terminal connected to the output channel circuit 240 and an output terminal connected to the control module 220; the output current detection unit 260 includes a first a/D conversion circuit, the first a/D conversion circuit is configured to feed back a real-time current value of each power supply channel to the control module 220, and the control module 220 is configured to send the real-time current value to the vehicle control unit 400, so as to track the load size of the load 300, and perform fault pre-determination according to a change trend of the load.

In a preferred embodiment, the input terminal of the over-current protection unit 270 is connected to the output channel circuit 240, and the output terminal is connected to the control module 220; the overcurrent protection unit 270 includes a second a/D conversion circuit and a storage unit, the second a/D conversion circuit is used to convert the real-time voltage analog quantity into a digital quantity and transmit the digital quantity to the control module 220, the control module 220 can convert the digital quantity into a current value and transmit the current value to the storage unit, the storage unit is used to compare the current value with a stored preset protection value, when the actual current value exceeds a stored threshold value, the related MOS transistor circuit 241 in the control output channel circuit 240 is turned off, it is finally ensured that the current does not exceed the set protection current value, and the lead of the protection circuit and the load 300 are safe.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the first a/D conversion circuit and the second a/D conversion circuit may use the same circuit structure, and may also share the same a/D conversion circuit 261; however, most of the current a/D conversion circuits 261 are independent chips, such as commonly used AD9883 and AD9884, which can be purchased directly, and thus the circuit structure thereof is not described again.

In a preferred embodiment, the input terminal of the temperature protection unit 280 is connected to the output channel circuit 240, and the output terminal is connected to the control module 220; preferably, the temperature protection unit 280 includes a temperature sensing resistor circuit composed of a temperature collector and a thermistor 281, the temperature sensing resistor circuit is used for collecting the temperature of the stud terminal and transmitting the temperature to the control module 220, and when the temperature rises to exceed a set temperature threshold, the control module 220 controls the relevant MOS transistor circuit 241 in the output channel circuit 240 to be disconnected, so as to prevent an electrical fire accident caused by high temperature.

With reference to the above description, the embodiment of the present invention is further described by taking the power supply channel of one electrical load 300 in the unmanned vehicle as an example, as shown in fig. 3. It should be understood that the actual power management module 200 may design multiple electronic channels with the same function according to the requirements of the entire vehicle. All electronic components in the channels are directly and centrally controlled and managed by the control module 220, so that the power supply and distribution control of the whole vehicle load 300 is completed. The method comprises the following steps:

for the power-up control process: when the vehicle electric load 300 needs to be powered, the vehicle controller 400 sends a power-on command to the control module 220 through the CAN bus in the CAN communication unit 230, then the control module 220 sets the pin 4 to be at a high level, and controls the conduction of the triode on the right side thereof through the photoelectric isolation circuit 242, after the conduction, the upper part of the R4 is led to the MOS transistor circuit 241 in the output channel circuit 240 to obtain a voltage, so that the MOS transistor circuit 241 is conducted, and the electric energy of the storage battery or the generator is sent to the vehicle electric load 300 through the wiring terminal. Specifically, the optoelectronic isolation circuit 242 itself may directly connect the isolated two-part circuit, which has the effect of preventing electromagnetic interference caused by the electrical connection.

For the state monitoring and protection process after power-on: the current flowing through the resistor R5 is obtained to make a voltage difference exist between the two ends, so that the comparator outputs a level, and the control module 220 acquires the level through the pin 3 to determine whether the channel is normally opened. When the current consumed by the vehicle electrical load 300 changes, the current flowing through the resistor R3 changes accordingly, which causes the potential of the branch circuit below the resistor R3 and leading to the a/D conversion circuit 261 to change, the a/D conversion circuit 261 converts the analog variation into a digital quantity to be output, the digital quantity is collected by the control module 220 and converted into a current value flowing through the circuit according to the resistor R3, the control module 220 monitors the real-time current value in the circuit accordingly, and when the current rises to a protection threshold preset in the power management module 200, the MOS transistor circuit 241 is controlled to be turned off in time, so that not only is the condition that a wire between the power management module 200 and the load 300 is not over-current and a fire is generated, but also the load 300 is not damaged. When the temperature at the terminal is collected by the thermistor 281 and converted into an electric signal, the electric signal is fed back to the control module 220, and when the temperature is higher than a set value, the MOS tube circuit 241 is also controlled to be disconnected, so that fire accidents caused by high temperature are avoided.

For the power down control process: when the power supply needs to be stopped, the vehicle control unit 400 sends a power-off command to the control module 220 through the CAN bus, the pin 4 needs to be set to be at a low level by the main control unit, and the power supply process is opposite to the power-on process, so that the MOS transistor circuit is controlled to be disconnected, and finally the power supply to the vehicle load 300 is stopped.

In this embodiment, the intelligent power supply and distribution system has the following advantages:

1) Reliability enhancement

The traditional power supply and distribution system is composed of a plurality of relays and fuses, the power supply and distribution are realized by mechanical moving parts, the structure is complex, poor contact or heating and bonding caused by bonding sand grains and foreign matters on a relay contact easily occur in a mine windy and sandy place, and many potential fault points exist; the whole vehicle controller in the embodiment sends the power-on and power-off control instructions to the power management module through the bus instructions, the power management module controls the on and off of the MOS tube circuit through the photoelectric isolation circuit after analyzing, and the problems of poor contact, adhesion and the like are avoided and the fault risk is reduced because no mechanical moving part exists in the whole process; in addition, for the requirement that the network system can recover the network only by restarting (powering on after powering off), the corresponding system can be restarted by independently controlling in a bus instruction mode.

Compared with the traditional low-voltage distribution box power supply and distribution system in which one fuse only can play a protection role for 1 time, the scheme of the embodiment can play an unlimited number of protection roles for the overcurrent of the circuit.

Compared with the traditional low-voltage distribution box, the on-off frequency of the relay in the power supply and distribution system is about 10 ⁵ Next, the on-off times of the MOS transistor switch in the power management module in this embodiment may reach 10 ¹⁵ Next, the process is carried out.

2) Improvement of fault pre-judging capability

The traditional power supply and distribution system has no fault pre-judging function and can only process after-accident; the power management module 200 of this embodiment sends the electrical parameters of each circuit channel to the vehicle control unit and the cloud platform, and then the vehicle control unit or the cloud platform can pre-judge and remind faults in advance through the variation trend of the electrical parameters, so as to check in routine point inspection, and eliminate the accident in a bud state, thereby reducing the maintenance cost and the major accident loss.

3) Significantly reducing the time required for problem troubleshooting and localization

The power management module feeds back electrical parameters of each channel to the whole vehicle controller in real time, the whole vehicle controller is sent to the whole vehicle CAN recorder for storage, and the problems of power lines, buses, ECUs and the like CAN be quickly positioned by analyzing changes of channel currents, temperatures and the like of a fault system in the CAN recorder and a system related to the fault system within a certain time before the fault, wherein 1 minute is needed once.

4) Better platformization

Hardware of different projects of the same company is used for 100 percent, and the new project can completely use production process files, assembly experience and acceptance methods of the existing project without increasing production management cost.

5) Reduction of operation management cost

The storeroom does not need to be provided with various fuses and relays, and the storeroom management cost is low.

6) Power distribution flexibility enhancement

For the loads which are installed or replaced later, only the protection current value parameters are needed to be set through the upper computer to adapt to different loads, the operation is simple, and the time consumption is short.

Example 2

Corresponding to the intelligent power supply and distribution system provided by the above embodiment, the embodiment provides an unmanned vehicle, preferably an L4-level unmanned wide-body transport vehicle, which mainly comprises a vehicle body and the intelligent power supply and distribution system provided by the above embodiment.

In this embodiment, the unmanned vehicle using the above intelligent power supply and distribution system solves a plurality of problems that the power supply and distribution system composed of a mechanical relay and a fuse has low reliability, lacks fault prejudging capability, has low troubleshooting efficiency and the like which affect the commercial landing of the unmanned wide-body transport vehicle, and the power supply and distribution system of the whole vehicle is upgraded by using the above intelligent power supply and distribution system, thereby meeting the special requirements of the unmanned vehicle in mining areas and various transportation and use scenes.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, which are only illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The intelligent power supply and distribution system is characterized by comprising a power supply, a power supply management module, a vehicle control unit and a load, wherein the load is electrically connected with the power supply through the power supply management module, and the power supply management module is in signal connection with the vehicle control unit; the power management module comprises a control module, a detection module and an output channel circuit;

the input end of the output channel circuit is electrically connected with the power supply through the control module, and the output end of the output channel circuit is electrically connected with the load;

the output channel circuit is in signal connection with the control module through the detection module, and the detection module is used for collecting the switching state, and/or the current state, and/or the voltage value, and/or the temperature value of each power supply channel in the output channel circuit and feeding back the switching state, and/or the current state, and/or the voltage value, and/or the temperature value to the control module; the control module is also in direct signal connection with the output channel circuit and is used for controlling the switch of the related power supply channel;

the control module is in signal connection with the vehicle control unit; the control module is used for feeding back the states of all power supply channels in the output channel circuit to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit can judge whether a fault occurs according to the states of all the power supply channels and can control the on-off of the relevant power supply channels in the output channel circuit through the control module.

2. The intelligent power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises an output state detection unit, the output state detection unit is used for feeding back the on or off state of each power supply channel to the control module, the control module can feed back state information to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit controls the on or off of the relevant power supply channel.

3. The intelligent power supply and distribution system of claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises an output current detection unit, the output current detection unit is configured to feed back a real-time current value of each power supply channel to the control module, the control module is configured to send the real-time current value to the vehicle controller, and the vehicle controller controls switching of the relevant power supply channel.

4. The intelligent power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises an overcurrent protection unit, the overcurrent protection unit is used for converting a real-time voltage analog quantity into a digital quantity and transmitting the digital quantity to the control module, the control module can convert the digital quantity into a current value and then compare the current value with a stored preset protection value, and the control module controls the switch of a related power supply channel.

5. The intelligent power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises a temperature protection unit, and the temperature protection unit is used for collecting the temperature of the terminal, transmitting the temperature to the control module, and enabling the output channel circuit to respond to the instruction of the control module and switch the relevant power supply channel.

6. The intelligent power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the output channel circuit is capable of controlling the on/off of the power supply to the relevant power supply channel of the load in response to a control instruction of the control module.

7. The intelligent power supply and distribution system according to claim 6, wherein the output channel circuit comprises a semiconductor switch circuit and a photoelectric isolation circuit, and the photoelectric isolation circuit is capable of responding to the control signal of the control module to control the switch of the semiconductor switch circuit, so as to control the switch of the power supply channel.

8. The intelligent power supply and distribution system according to claim 1, further comprising a cloud platform, wherein the cloud platform can send an opening and closing instruction to the vehicle control unit in a remote control manner, and perform fault prediction or reminding according to the state of each power supply channel.

9. The intelligent power supply and distribution system of claim 1 wherein the load comprises an engine system, a transmission system, a brake system, a body system, a grid system, or an intelligent control system.

10. An unmanned vehicle comprising the intelligent power supply and distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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