CN218408245U - Brake system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a braking system includes: chassis and brake equipment, the chassis is used for installing the cylinder, and brake equipment includes: the brake disc, the brake band, the pneumatic driving assembly and the gas cylinder; the brake band is wound on the brake disc, and one end of the brake band is fixed to the underframe; the pneumatic driving component is connected to the other end of the brake band; the gas cylinder is used for containing gas and supplying the gas to the pneumatic driving assembly; wherein, the respective brake disc of two brake equipment sets up in the chassis along the first direction interval to be used for setting up respectively in two tip departments of cylinder along the first direction, and the respective gas cylinder of two brake equipment sets up in the same end department along the first direction of chassis. According to the utility model discloses, two gas cylinders set up in the same end of chassis, and the easy access is maintained, and the brake power that two sets of independent brake equipment provided provides comparatively balanced brake braking force for the cylinder both ends, do benefit to and reduce the part wearing and tearing that arouse because cylinder both ends brake is uneven.

Description

Brake system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a technical field of brake braking, more specifically relates to a braking system.

Background

At present, a brake system is required to be equipped on equipment used in an oil field, such as large equipment of oil field special operation vehicles, assembled workshops, skid-mounted platforms, container straddle carriers and the like, so as to realize the braking effect.

The existing brake system adopts a single air pump to push a brake connecting shaft, and a single brake connecting shaft drives two brake belts to stop or decelerate the rolling device. However, due to factors such as installation accuracy, centralized arrangement of components such as air cylinders and the like, stress of a rolling device and the like, the air pump is offset relative to the brake connecting shaft, so that the brake belts on two sides are stressed unevenly, and the problems that the components such as a single-side brake belt, a roller central shaft and the like are abraded in an accelerated manner, and the brake effect is influenced by loosening while braking are caused can occur.

Accordingly, there is a need for a braking system that at least partially addresses the above-identified problems.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In the summary section a series of concepts in a simplified form is introduced, which will be described in further detail in the detailed description section. The inventive content does not imply any attempt to define the essential features and essential features of the claimed solution, nor is it implied to be intended to define the scope of the claimed solution.

For at least partially solve the above-mentioned problem, the utility model provides a braking system, braking system includes:

a chassis for mounting a drum; and

a brake apparatus, the brake apparatus comprising:

a brake disc;

the brake band is wound on the brake disc, and one end of the brake band is fixed to the underframe;

the pneumatic driving component is connected to the other end of the brake band and used for driving the brake band to be tightened so that the brake band is attached to the brake disc, and therefore the roller is decelerated; and

a gas cylinder for containing and supplying gas to the pneumatic drive assembly;

the two brake disks of the brake devices are arranged at intervals along a first direction on the base frame and used for being respectively arranged at two end parts of the roller along the first direction, and the gas cylinders of the brake devices are arranged at the same end part of the base frame along the first direction.

According to the utility model discloses a braking system, two sets of brake equipment's gas cylinder sets up in the same one end of chassis, and the easy access is maintained, and the brake power that two sets of independent brake equipment provided provides comparatively balanced brake braking force for the cylinder both ends, does benefit to and reduces the part wearing and tearing that arouse because cylinder both ends brake is uneven.

Optionally, the pneumatic drive assembly comprises:

the brake air pump is fixed with the underframe; and

the brake connecting shaft is rotatably connected with the underframe;

the brake connecting shaft is arranged on the brake base, and the brake connecting shaft is connected with the brake base through a first brake connecting block; the first brake connecting block is rotatably connected with the driving end of the brake air pump, and the second brake connecting block is rotatably connected with the end part of the brake band.

Optionally, the driving end of the brake air pump is provided with a brake rod, the end of the brake rod is provided with a guide piece, and the guide piece is rotatably connected with the first brake connecting block through a bolt; the guide piece is provided with a movable groove, the first brake connecting block is provided with an inserting hole, and the bolt penetrates through the inserting hole through the movable groove; in the spacing direction from the axis of the bolt to the axis of the brake connecting shaft, the bolt is spaced from the inner wall of the movable groove.

Optionally, the brake connecting shaft comprises at least two inserting holes, and the inserting holes are distributed in the direction of the interval from the axis of the bolt to the axis of the brake connecting shaft.

Optionally, the brake band includes at least two short brake bands, an end connection block is disposed at an end of each short brake band, and adjacent short brake bands are rotatably connected through the end connection block at the respective end.

Optionally, still include brake spring, brake spring's one end with the brake area is kept away from the surface connection of brake disc, brake spring's the other end is connected to the chassis.

Optionally, the chassis is provided with the mount that is located the cylinder both ends, adjusting bolt is worn to be equipped with by the mount, adjusting bolt with mount threaded connection, just adjusting bolt tip penetrates in the mount and with brake spring keeps away from the one end connection in brake area.

Optionally, the fixing frame surrounds the brake band and the brake disc, and a protective net is arranged on one side of the fixing frame away from the roller.

Optionally, the protective net is provided with a connecting piece, and the connecting piece is connected with the fixing frame through a fastener; bottom one side of protection network is provided with the dwang, the bottom of dwang with the chassis is rotatably connected.

Optionally, the chassis is equipped with the regulation pole, the chassis is provided with the regulating plate, a plurality of regulation holes along vertical distribution are seted up to the regulating plate, the upper end of adjusting the pole with the end connection in brake area, just the lower extreme of adjusting the pole is connected to through the fastener the not co-altitude of regulating plate the regulation hole.

Drawings

The following drawings of the embodiments of the present invention are provided as a part of the present invention for understanding the present invention. There are shown in the drawings, embodiments and descriptions thereof, which are used to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings, there is shown in the drawings,

fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a brake system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a side view in the direction a of fig. 1, in which the protection net is hidden for clearly viewing the brake disc;

fig. 3 is a side view in the direction B of fig. 1, in which the protection net is hidden for the sake of clarity of the brake disc;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of section C of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of portion D of FIG. 1; and

fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion E in fig. 3.

Description of the reference numerals

100: the drum 110: chassis

111: channel steel 112: square tube

113: steel bar 114: adjusting plate

115: fixing seat 116: fixed shaft sleeve

120: the rotating frame 121: rotating bearing

122: the air pump fixing block 130: fixing frame

131: projection 132: adjusting bolt

133: brake spring 140: protective net

141: connecting piece 142: rotating rod

150: adjusting the rod 151: fastening bolt

152: the fastening nut 160: brake device

161: the brake disc 162: brake band

1621: short brake tape 1622: end face connecting block

163: pneumatic drive assembly 1611: brake air pump

1612: brake connecting shaft 1613: first brake connecting block

1614: second brake connecting block 1615: brake lever

1616: the guide 1617: movable groove

1618: the latch 1619: plug hole

164: a gas cylinder X: a first direction

Y: second direction

Detailed Description

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring embodiments of the present invention.

In this document, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" are referred to in the present application only as labels, and do not have any other meaning, such as a particular order, etc. Also, for example, the term "first component" does not itself imply the presence of "second component", and the term "second component" does not itself imply the presence of "first component".

In this document, "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationships between relevant portions, and do not limit absolute positions of the relevant portions.

In this context, "equal", "same", etc. are not strictly mathematical and/or geometric limitations, but also include tolerances as would be understood by a person skilled in the art and allowed for manufacturing or use, etc.

Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges herein include not only the entire range within its two endpoints, but also several sub-ranges subsumed therein.

The utility model provides a braking system, as shown in FIG. 1, braking system includes chassis 110 and brake equipment 160.

The braking device 160 includes a brake disc 161, a brake band 162, a pneumatic driving assembly 163 and an air cylinder 164. A brake band 162 is wound around the brake disc 161 and one end of the brake band 162 is fixed to the base frame 110. A pneumatic drive assembly 163 is connected to the other end of brake band 162 for driving brake band 162 to tighten so that brake band 162 fits against brake disc 161, thereby decelerating drum 100. The gas cylinder 164 is used to contain and supply gas to the pneumatic drive assembly 163. And the respective brake discs 161 of the two brake devices 160 are provided at intervals in the first direction X to the base frame 110 for being respectively provided at both ends of the drum 100 in the first direction X, and the respective gas cylinders 164 of the two brake devices 160 are provided at the same end of the base frame 110 in the first direction X.

According to the utility model discloses a braking system, two sets of brake equipment's gas cylinder sets up in the same end of chassis, and the easy access is maintained, and the brake power that two sets of independent brake equipment provided provides comparatively balanced brake braking force for the cylinder both ends, does benefit to and reduces the part wearing and tearing that arouse because cylinder both ends brake is uneven.

Referring to fig. 1, the bottom frame 110 includes a channel section 111 and a square tube 112, the channel section 111 and the square tube 112 are alternately spliced in a horizontal direction to form a main body of the bottom frame 110, the channel section 111 and the square tube 112 are welded and fixed, and a plurality of steel bars 113 are welded in the bottom frame 110 to bear a brake device 160 and a rolling device. Two rotating frames 120 are arranged at the middle position of the bottom frame 110 along the first direction X, the two rotating frames 120 are arranged in parallel, the top parts of the two rotating frames 120 are both provided with rotating bearings 120, and a rolling device acting as a braking system, which can be a roller 100, is installed between the two rotating frames 120 through the rotating bearings 120. In the illustrated embodiment, the axial direction of the drum 100 is the first direction X.

The above is the main frame structure of the chassis 110 of the braking system, and the following is a description of the specific structure and principle of the braking device 160 of the braking system.

Referring to fig. 2, the brake disc 161 is a ring-shaped structure, and is sleeved on the end of the drum 100 and fixedly connected to the end of the drum 100. The bottom frame 110 is provided with two fixing frames 130, the fixing frames 130 are in an inverted U-shaped frame structure as a whole, the two fixing frames 130 are respectively located above the brake discs 161 of the two sets of brake devices 160, two ends of the fixing frames 130 both extend downwards along the second direction Y, that is, the vertical direction, and the end portions of the fixing frames 130 are fixedly connected with the top surfaces of the channel steel 111 of the bottom frame 110. The brake disc 161 and the brake band 162 are located within the envelope of the holder 130 so as to shield the brake disc 161 and the brake band 162. According to the utility model discloses a braking system, brake band 162 is whole to be established at brake disc 161 around, and brake band 162 includes three consecutive short brake band 1621, and the tip of short brake band 1621 all is provided with terminal surface connecting block 1622, and rotatable coupling between the adjacent terminal surface connecting block 1622 for rotatably connect between the tip of short brake band 1621, so that brake band 162 is whole to have bending property in the direction of establishing brake disc 161.

According to the braking system of the present invention, referring to fig. 2 and 3, one end of the braking band 162 is connected to the pneumatic driving assembly 163, and the other end is connected to the bottom frame 110. The pneumatic driving assembly 163 drives the end of the brake band 162 to move downwards, i.e. the brake band 162 is pulled to move toward the brake disc 161 until the brake band 162 is attached to the brake disc 161, the friction force between the brake band 162 and the brake disc 161 prevents the brake disc 161 from rotating, and the effect of decelerating and braking the drum 100 is achieved.

Specifically, with reference to fig. 2 and 3, the connection between the brake band 162 and the bottom frame 110 is provided with an adjustment lever 150 between the end of the brake band 162 and the bottom frame 110, the adjustment lever 150 is vertically disposed, and two fastening bolts 151 vertically arranged are inserted into the lower end of the adjustment lever 150. The bottom frame 110 is welded with an adjusting plate 114, and a plurality of adjusting holes (not shown) are formed in a side wall of the adjusting plate 114 and arranged along the second direction Y, and the number of the adjusting holes can be three, four or six. The fastening bolt 151 at the lower end of the adjusting rod 150 passes through the adjusting plate 114 through the adjusting hole, the end of the fastening bolt 151 is sleeved with the fastening nut 152, and the fastening nut 152 is in threaded connection with the fastening bolt 151, so that the lower end of the adjusting rod 150 is fixed with the adjusting plate 114. The upper end of the adjusting rod 150 is rotatably connected with the end face connecting block 1622 at the end of the brake band 162, and the adjusting installation personnel can adjust the installation height of the adjusting rod 150 by penetrating and installing the fastening bolt 151 at the lower end of the adjusting rod 150 in adjusting holes with different heights, so that the distance between the brake band 162 and the brake disc 161 can be greatly adjusted in the initial state.

With reference to fig. 1 and 2, regarding how the brake band 162 is reset when the pneumatic driving assembly 163 stops to prevent the brake band 162 from obstructing the drum 100 from continuing to rotate, a protrusion 131 is formed on the top of the fixing frame 130, an adjusting bolt 132 is inserted into the protrusion 131, the adjusting bolt 132 is connected with the protrusion 131 through a thread, and the end of the adjusting bolt 132 extends into the fixing frame 130; a brake spring 133 is arranged between the inner wall of the fixing frame 130 and the brake band 162, the brake spring 133 is a tension spring, one end of the brake spring 133 is hung on the surface of the brake band 162 far away from the brake disc 161, and the other end of the brake spring 133 is hung on the end of the adjusting bolt 132. When the pneumatic driving assembly 163 pulls the brake band 162, the brake band 162 is attached to the brake disc 161, and the brake spring 133 is stretched, and after the pneumatic driving assembly 163 stops pulling the brake band 162, the brake spring 133 is contracted to restore the brake band 162, so that the brake band 162 is separated from the brake disc 161 to prevent the rotation of the drum 100 from being hindered. By rotating the adjusting bolt 132, the extension/contraction section of the brake spring 133 can be adjusted, and thus the initial position of the brake band 162 can be adjusted.

As for the pneumatic driving assembly 163 in the brake apparatus 160, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the pneumatic driving assembly 163 includes a brake air pump 1611 and a brake connecting shaft 1612.

The sidewall of the rotating frame 120, which is far away from the drum 100, is provided with an air pump fixing block 122, and the brake air pump 1611 is fixedly installed on the surface of the air pump fixing block 122, which is far away from the brake connecting shaft 1612. The driving end of the brake air pump 1611 penetrates through the brake fixing block and extends towards the brake connecting shaft 1612, a brake rod 1615 is arranged at the driving end of the brake air pump 1611, and the brake rod 1615 and the driving end of the brake air pump 1611 are coaxially arranged and used for transmitting the pushing acting force of the brake air pump 1611. And the air cylinders 164 are fixedly installed on the steel bars 113 of the chassis 110, and the respective air cylinders 164 of the two sets of braking devices 160 are disposed at the same end of the chassis 110 along the first direction X, which is convenient for the staff to overhaul and maintain. The air cylinder 164 is connected to the brake air pump 1611 via a conduit (not shown) for supplying air to the brake air pump 1611.

For the installation of the brake connecting shaft 1612, in detail, the steel bar 113 of the chassis 110 is provided with four fixing seats 115, the four fixing seats 115 are arranged along the first direction X, and the four fixing seats 115 are distributed at two ends of the drum 100, and in addition, specifically, two fixing seats 115 at the same end position of the drum 100 are respectively located at two sides of the fixing frame 130. The side wall of the fixed seat 115 near the side of the drum 100 is provided with a fixed shaft sleeve 116, and the fixed shaft sleeve 116 can be selected as a rotary bearing. And brake connecting axle 1612 extends along first direction X, and brake connecting axle 1612 passes through mount 130, and two fixed axle sleeves 116 of mount 130 both sides are run through to brake connecting axle 1612 both ends to make brake connecting axle 1612 rotate the installation at chassis 110.

With continued reference to fig. 1, 4 and 5, the brake connecting shaft 1612 is provided at opposite ends thereof with a first brake attachment block 1613 for connecting the brake lever 1615 and a second brake attachment block 1614 for connecting the brake band 162, respectively.

Regarding the connection between the brake air pump 1611 and the brake connecting shaft 1612, in detail, the first brake connecting block 1613 is sleeved on and fixed to the brake connecting shaft 1612, and the end of the brake rod 1615 close to the first brake connecting block 1613 is provided with a guiding member 1616, as shown in fig. 4, two sides of the guiding member 1616 are provided with movable slots 1617, the movable slots 1617 are kidney-shaped, and two insertion holes 1619 are correspondingly arranged on the side wall of the first brake connecting block 1613 close to the guiding member 1616. The insertion hole 1619 is a circular hole, and a pin 1618 is inserted between the guide element 1616 and the first brake connecting block 1613. The latch 1618, in turn, engages the guide 1616 with the first brake attachment block 1613 via a movable slot 1617 on one side of the guide 1616, an engagement hole 1619 on one side of the first brake attachment block 1613, and a movable slot 1617 on the other side of the guide 1616. When the brake air pump 1611 is activated, the driving end of the brake air pump 1611 drives the brake lever 1615 to move, and the brake lever 1615 rotates the first brake attachment block 1613 via the guide 1616, thereby rotating the brake attachment shaft 1612.

As shown in fig. 6, the latch 1618 is spaced apart from the inner wall of the movable groove 1617 in the direction of the interval from the axis of the latch 1618 to the axis of the brake attachment shaft 1612, releasing the guide 1616 from being displaced in the radial direction of the brake attachment shaft 1612 during movement, preventing the guide 1616 from being jammed with the first brake attachment block 1613. The bolt 1618 and two insertion holes 1619 of the first brake connecting block 1613 are arranged along the direction from the axis of the bolt 1618 to the axis of the brake connecting shaft 1612, and when the bolt 1618 is correspondingly inserted into different insertion holes 1619, the distance from the axis of the bolt 1618 to the axis of the brake connecting shaft 1612 is different, so that the force arm of the guide piece 1616 acting on the first brake connecting block 1613 is adjusted, and the rotating force transmitted by the brake air pump 1611 to the brake connecting shaft 1612 is adjusted.

As for the connection between the brake connecting shaft 1612 and the end of the brake band 162, referring to fig. 5, the second brake connecting block 1614 is sleeved on and fixed with the brake connecting shaft 1612, and the end face connecting block 1622 of the end of the brake band 162 is rotatably connected with the second brake connecting block 1614, so that the brake connecting shaft 1612 is connected with the end of the brake band 162.

To sum up, the utility model discloses a braking system's main working process does: when the roller 100 is decelerated, the brake air pump 1611 is driven pneumatically, the driving end of the brake air pump pushes the brake rod 1615 to move linearly towards the brake connecting shaft 1612, the guide piece 1616 moves along with the movement of the brake rod 1615 until the top surface in the movable groove 1617 of the guide piece 1616 abuts against the bolt 1618 to move downwards, so that the first brake connecting block 1613 is driven downwards, the brake connecting shaft 1612 rotates, meanwhile, the second brake shaft at the other end of the brake connecting shaft 1612 rotates around the axis of the brake connecting shaft 1612, the end part of the brake band 162 is pulled, the brake band 162 is attached towards the brake disc 161 until the brake band 162 abuts against the brake disc 161, and the roller 100 is decelerated and braked; when the brake air pump 1611 is stopped, the brake band 162 is not pulled by the first brake connecting block 1613, and the brake spring 133 rebounds, so that the brake band 162 is returned away from the brake disc 161, and the drum 100 continues to rotate.

Referring to fig. 1, in order to improve the safety of the braking system of this embodiment, a protective net 140 is further disposed outside the fixing frame 130 to seal the brake disc 161, the end of the drum 100, the brake band 162, and other components, so as to prevent the components from falling off and injuring people when the drum 100 rotates at a high speed.

Furthermore, the top surface of the protection net 140 is provided with a connecting piece 141, one end of the connecting piece 141 is fixed to the protection net 140, the other end of the connecting piece 141 extends to overlap the fixing frame 130, and a fastening member such as a fastening bolt 151 can also be inserted into the connecting piece 141, and the end of the fastening bolt 151 penetrates the fixing frame 130 and is in threaded connection with the fixing frame 130, so as to realize the fixed mounting between the protection net 140 and the fixing frame 130, and the detachment is convenient. And a rotating rod 142 is arranged at one side of the bottom of the protection net 140 close to the brake connecting shaft 1612, the rotating rod 142 is in a 'Z' shape, and the lower end of the rotating rod 142 is rotatably connected with the side wall of the rotating frame 120, so as to realize the rotatable connection between the protection net 140 and the rotating frame 120, and facilitate the arrangement when the protection net 140 is separated from the fixing frame 130.

Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Terms such as "disposed" and the like, appearing herein, may mean either that one element is directly attached to another element, or that one element is attached to another element through intervening elements. Features described herein in one embodiment may be applied to another embodiment, either alone or in combination with other features, unless the feature is otherwise inapplicable or otherwise stated in the other embodiment.

The present invention has been described in terms of the above embodiments, but it is to be understood that the above embodiments are for purposes of illustration and description only and are not intended to limit the invention to the described embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous variations and modifications are possible in light of the teachings of the present invention, and are within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (10)

1. A braking system, characterized in that the braking system comprises:

a chassis for mounting a drum; and

a brake apparatus, the brake apparatus comprising:

a brake disc;

the brake band is wound on the brake disc, and one end of the brake band is fixed to the underframe;

the pneumatic driving component is connected to the other end of the brake band and used for driving the brake band to be tightened so that the brake band is attached to the brake disc, and therefore the roller is decelerated; and

a gas cylinder for containing a gas and supplying the gas to the pneumatic drive assembly;

the brake discs of the two brake devices are arranged on the underframe at intervals along a first direction and are used for being arranged at two ends of the roller along the first direction respectively, and the gas cylinders of the two brake devices are arranged at the same end of the underframe along the first direction.

2. The braking system of claim 1, wherein the pneumatic drive assembly comprises:

the brake air pump is fixed with the underframe; and

the brake connecting shaft is rotatably connected with the underframe;

the two ends of the brake connecting shaft are respectively provided with a first brake connecting block and a second brake connecting block, the first brake connecting block is rotatably connected with the driving end of the brake air pump, and the second brake connecting block is rotatably connected with the end part of the brake belt.

3. The brake system of claim 2, wherein the driving end of the brake air pump is provided with a brake lever, an end of the brake lever is provided with a guide member, and the guide member is rotatably connected with the first brake connecting block through a latch; the guide piece is provided with a movable groove, the first brake connecting block is provided with an inserting hole, and the bolt penetrates through the inserting hole through the movable groove; in the spacing direction from the axis of the bolt to the axis of the brake connecting shaft, the bolt is spaced from the inner wall of the movable groove.

4. The brake system of claim 3, wherein the brake system further comprises at least two insertion holes, and the insertion holes are arranged in the direction of the interval from the axis of the latch to the axis of the brake connecting shaft.

5. The brake system according to claim 1, wherein the brake band comprises at least two short brake bands, each short brake band is provided with an end face connection block at an end thereof, and adjacent short brake bands are rotatably connected with each other through the end face connection blocks at respective ends thereof.

6. The braking system of claim 1, further comprising a brake spring, one end of the brake spring being connected to a surface of the brake band remote from the brake disc, the other end of the brake spring being connected to the chassis.

7. The brake system according to claim 6, wherein the chassis is provided with fixing frames at two ends of the roller, the fixing frames are provided with adjusting bolts in a penetrating manner, the adjusting bolts are in threaded connection with the fixing frames, and the end parts of the adjusting bolts penetrate into the fixing frames and are connected with one ends of the brake springs, which are far away from the brake band.

8. The braking system of claim 7, wherein the fixing frame is arranged to surround the brake band and the brake disc, and a protective net is arranged on a side of the fixing frame away from the drum.

9. The brake system according to claim 8, wherein the protection net is provided with a connecting piece which is connected with the fixing frame through a fastener; the bottom one side of protection network is provided with the dwang, the bottom of dwang with the chassis is rotatable to be connected.

10. The brake system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the base frame is provided with an adjusting rod, the base frame is provided with an adjusting plate, the adjusting plate is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes which are vertically distributed, the upper end of the adjusting rod is connected with the end of the brake band, and the lower end of the adjusting rod is connected to the adjusting holes of the adjusting plate with different heights through fasteners.

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