CN218362127U - Digit control machine tool shock absorber that commonality is good - Google Patents
Digit control machine tool shock absorber that commonality is good Download PDFInfo
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- CN218362127U CN218362127U CN202221444970.7U CN202221444970U CN218362127U CN 218362127 U CN218362127 U CN 218362127U CN 202221444970 U CN202221444970 U CN 202221444970U CN 218362127 U CN218362127 U CN 218362127U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a numerically-controlled machine tool shock absorber with good universality, which comprises a cutter bar shaft, wherein one end of the cutter bar shaft is provided with a cutter mounting hole; a cutter bar shaft sleeve is sleeved outside the cutter bar shaft; a first end cover is fixed on the cutter bar shaft sleeve; a second end cover is fixed at the other end of the cutter bar shaft; the outer wall of the cutter bar shaft is provided with an annular groove, a positive plate and a negative plate are arranged in the annular groove, and the positive plate and the negative plate are arranged oppositely; an accommodating cavity filled with electrorheological fluid is formed between the cutter bar shaft and the cutter bar shaft sleeve; the cutter bar shaft is sleeved with a damping sleeve, a gap is reserved between the damping sleeve and the cutter bar shaft, more than two pressing blocks which extend in the radial direction and are pressed on the cutter bar shaft are arranged on the damping sleeve, and an elastic piece is arranged between each pressing block and the damping sleeve. The mechanical structure and the electrorheological fluid are adopted to realize double vibration reduction, the vibration reduction effect is good, and meanwhile, if the electrorheological fluid fails to reduce the vibration, the mechanical structure has good reliability, so that the most basic vibration reduction effect can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a damping technical field, concretely relates to digit control machine tool shock absorber that commonality is good.
Background
In order to ensure that the numerical control machine tool has higher processing precision in the processing process, vibration between a workpiece and a cutter must be damped and isolated. The generation of vibration is often accompanied in the cutting process of a machine tool, and the vibration seriously affects the surface quality, precision, roughness and service performance of a workpiece, so that the vibration reduction treatment is required to be carried out on a cutter bar of the machine tool.
By analysis of the turning process, mainly friction-type chatter vibration, regenerative-type chatter vibration, and vibration-type coupling-type chatter vibration occur.
As shown in fig. 1, when the machine tool vibrates during cutting due to some reason, the relative speed between the turning tool 200 and the workpiece 100 changes, and the friction force F between the turning tool 200 and the workpiece 100 changes accordingly, the friction force F excites the vibration system to maintain the chatter, and the turning tool vibrates at least up and down during the above process.
Regenerative chatter is one of the most common types of chatter found in machine tool machining processes. The vibration is caused by the difference of cutting thickness caused by the phase difference between the vibration mark left on a workpiece cut at one moment on a cutter and the vibration displacement cut at the current moment, as shown in figure 2, the vibration is a schematic diagram of turning an excircle, and the whole machine tool system is simplified into a single-degree-of-freedom system. In the drawing, F (T) is a cutting force acting on the turning tool 200, S0 is a static cutting thickness, X (T) is a vibration displacement of cutting at the present time, and X (T-T) is a vibration displacement of cutting at the previous time. In a stable cutting state, the cutting force F (t) is a constant force, which can ensure that the cutting thickness S0 is constant, but in an actual working condition, the system will always be thick to a certain disturbance, at this time, the relative position between the turning tool 200 and the workpiece 100 will change, causing the turning tool to generate a vibration displacement X (t) in the horizontal direction, and the vibration displacement X (t) will cause the change of the dynamic cutting thickness S (t), and in such a cycle, the increment of the dynamic cutting force F (t) and the cutting thickness S (t) will gradually increase, forming a strong self-excited vibration. From the above analysis, the lathe tool is likely to vibrate in the lateral direction.
Mode-coupling type chattering refers to vibration caused by the mutual influence of the natural modes of vibration systems without the occurrence of other types of chattering.
Therefore, in the turning process, the turning tool is easy to cause vertical vibration and transverse vibration, so that the vibration is solved, the processing precision is improved, and the influence on the mechanical structure of the machine tool is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a digit control machine tool shock absorber that the commonality is good utilizes the utility model discloses a structure adopts mechanical structure and electrorheological fluids to realize dual damping, and the effect of damping is good, if the electrorheological fluids damping became invalid simultaneously, because of mechanical structure's good reliability, consequently can guarantee most basic damping effect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is that: a numerical control machine tool shock absorber with good universality comprises a cutter bar shaft, wherein a cutter mounting hole is formed in one end of the cutter bar shaft; a cutter bar shaft sleeve is sleeved outside the cutter bar shaft, and two ends of the cutter bar shaft respectively extend out of the cutter bar shaft sleeve; a first end cover is fixed at one end of the cutter bar shaft sleeve close to the cutter mounting hole, and the cutter bar shaft penetrates through the first end cover; a second end cover is fixed at one end of the cutter bar shaft sleeve far away from the cutter mounting hole, and the cutter bar shaft penetrates through the second end cover; an annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the cutter bar shaft and located between the first end cover and the second end cover, a positive plate and a negative plate are arranged in the annular groove, and the positive plate and the negative plate are arranged oppositely; an accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrorheological fluid is arranged between the cutter bar shaft and the cutter bar shaft sleeve and between the first end cover and the second end cover, and the accommodating cavity is positioned on the outer side of the annular groove; the tool bar shaft is sleeved with a vibration damping sleeve at one end of the first end cover close to the tool mounting hole, a gap is reserved between the vibration damping sleeve and the tool bar shaft, more than two pressing blocks which extend in the radial direction and are pressed on the tool bar shaft are arranged on the vibration damping sleeve, and an elastic piece is arranged between each pressing block and the vibration damping sleeve.
When the clamping rod is used, one end of the cutter is inserted into the cutter mounting hole and locked by the screw, and then the clamping rod is mounted on a machine tool. In the cutting process, the positive electrode is electrified, the negative electrode is electrified or grounded, so that an electric field can be generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the electrorheological fluid in the accommodating cavity is changed into a solid state from a flowing liquid state and has certain yield strength, namely a spring-damping module is additionally arranged, so that the electrorheological fluid in the accommodating cavity can generate upper and lower buffer forces, meanwhile, a pressing block is arranged at one end close to the cutter, an elastic piece is arranged between the pressing block and a damping sleeve, the pressing block always acts on the cutter shaft in an elastic manner under the action of the elastic piece, in the cutting process, the guide shaft close to one end of the cutter vibrates firstly, so that primary vibration reduction can be carried out on the cutter shaft through the elastically clamped pressing block, secondary vibration reduction can be carried out through the electrorheological fluid, the power supply amount to the negative electrode can be relatively reduced, a dual vibration reduction effect is achieved, the machining precision of a workpiece is improved, and damage to a machine tool is reduced; in addition, the mechanical vibration damping structure realized by the pressing block and the elastic piece has good reliability, so that if the vibration damping of the electrorheological fluid fails, the pressing block and the elastic piece can also play a vibration damping role, the precision influence on a workpiece in the machining process is small, and the damage to a machine tool is small.
Further, the first end cap and the cutter bar shaft are of an integrated structure. Therefore, no sealing structure is additionally arranged between the first end cover and the cutter bar shaft, and the sealing performance is improved.
Further, the cutter bar shaft comprises a cutter mounting part, a connecting part, an intermediate part, a positioning part and a clamping rod which are sequentially connected from one end to the other end; wherein the diameters of the positioning part and the connecting part are larger than the diameter of the middle part, and the annular groove is formed on the outer side of the middle part. Like this, realize the cutter arbor and fix a position through location portion and second end cover, be convenient for connect first end cover through connecting portion, then be convenient for install the cutter through setting up the cutter installation department.
Further, a first sealing ring is arranged between the first end cover and the cutter bar shaft sleeve; a second sealing ring is arranged between the second end cover and the cutter bar shaft sleeve; and a third sealing ring is arranged between the second end cover and the cutter bar shaft. Therefore, the sealing performance can be improved, and the electrorheological fluid can be effectively prevented from flowing out.
Furthermore, a channel which extends radially and is communicated with the accommodating cavity is arranged on the cutter bar shaft sleeve, and a plug is arranged at the outer end of the channel. Through setting up the passageway, then be convenient for to the holding intracavity pour into the electrorheological fluids into, through setting up the end cap, then can avoid its outflow after pouring into the electrorheological fluids.
Furthermore, a positive lead connected with the positive plate is arranged on the cutter bar shaft sleeve, and a negative lead connected with the negative plate is arranged on the cutter bar shaft sleeve. Conveniently, the positive plate is electrified through the positive lead, and the negative plate is electrified through the negative lead.
Furthermore, the positive plate and the negative plate are semicircular respectively, the positive plate and the negative plate are sleeved on the cutter bar shaft and are circular, and an insulating layer is arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate. So be convenient for form the electric field at the holding intracavity, can effectually avoid positive plate and negative plate to scurry the electricity through setting up the insulating layer.
Furthermore, insulating sleeves are respectively sleeved outside the positive plate and the negative plate. Thus, the electric leakage of the positive plate and the negative plate can be effectively avoided.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the damping sleeve is provided with containing grooves which axially extend and are the same as the number of the pressing blocks, and the damping sleeve is provided with through holes which radially extend and are communicated with the containing grooves; the briquetting include the briquetting body and connect the portion of stretching into on the briquetting body, the briquetting body is located the storage tank, stretch into in the portion stretches into the through-hole, there is the department of resist in the outer end of through-hole through threaded connection, be equipped with the elastic component at the through-hole for being located the department of resist and stretching into between the portion. This structure lets the briquetting body unanimous with the axial dimensions of damping cover on the axial direction to improve the area of contact of briquetting body and cutter arbor axle, improve the effect of damping, stretch into the portion through the setting, then conveniently fix a position the briquetting.
Further, the elastic member is a spring or a rubber block.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of friction type chatter during a turning process.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of turning an outer circle.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a left side view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a right side view of fig. 3.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a damped cutter arbor shaft and a first end cap.
Fig. 7 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along linebase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the intermediate portion, the first positive electrode plate, and the first negative electrode plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, a numerically controlled machine tool vibration damper with good versatility includes a cutter bar shaft 1, a cutter bar shaft sleeve 2, a first end cap 3, a second end cap 4, a positive electrode plate 601, a negative electrode plate 602, a vibration damping sleeve 70, a pressing block 71, an elastic member 72, and a resisting portion 73.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the tool bar shaft 1 includes, from left to right, a tool mounting portion 11, a connecting portion 12, an intermediate portion 13, a positioning portion 14, and a clamping bar 15, which are connected in this order.
The cross-section of cutter installation department 11 is circular and has the side cut 110 that extends to cutter installation department middle part from the left side at double-phase opposite side, be equipped with cutter mounting hole 111 in the middle part of cutter installation department 11 from a left side to cutter installation department 11 at cutter installation department, the cross-section of cutter mounting hole 111 is unanimous with the cross-section of cutter, be equipped with the screw hole 112 that communicates cutter mounting hole 111 on cutter installation department 111, after the one end of cutter inserted in cutter mounting hole 111, install the screw on screw hole 112 and suppress the cutter through the screw, realize the fixed to the lathe tool. The right end of the tool mounting portion 11 is provided with an embracing portion 113, and the cross section of the embracing portion 113 is circular for acting with a press block.
The connecting portion 12 is circular in cross-section for mating with the inner bore of the first end cap 3. The intermediate portion 13 is circular in cross section, and the diameter of the intermediate portion 13 is smaller than that of the connecting portion 12. The cross section of the positioning portion 14 is circular, and the diameter of the positioning portion 14 is larger than that of the intermediate portion 13, so that an annular groove 16 is naturally formed outside the intermediate portion 13. The clamping rod 15 has a square cross section and is used for mounting on a tool rest or the like of a machine tool, and a projection surface of the clamping rod 15 is located in the positioning portion 14.
As shown in fig. 1, the cutter bar shaft sleeve 2 is sleeved outside the middle part of the cutter bar shaft 1, a channel 21 extending in the radial direction is arranged on the cutter bar shaft sleeve 2, a plug 22 is arranged outside the channel 21, by arranging the channel, electrorheological fluid can be conveniently injected into the accommodating cavity, and by arranging the plug, the electrorheological fluid can be prevented from flowing out after being injected; the positive electrode lead 23 connected to the positive electrode plate 601 is provided on the holder shaft housing 2, and the negative electrode lead 230 connected to the negative electrode plate 602 is provided on the holder shaft housing 2, thereby facilitating electrical connection to the positive electrode plate 601 and the negative electrode plate 602.
The first end cap 3 is located at the left end of the cutter arbor shaft sleeve 2, and the first end cap 3 is fixedly connected with the cutter arbor shaft sleeve 2 through a first bolt 101, and the connecting part 12 penetrates through the first end cap 3. A first sealing ring 81 is arranged between the first end cap 3 and the cutter bar shaft sleeve 2, so that the first end cap 3 and the cutter bar shaft sleeve 2 are sealed.
The second end cap 4 is located at the right end of the cutter bar shaft sleeve 2, the second end cap 4 is fixedly connected with the cutter bar shaft sleeve 2 through a second bolt 102, and the positioning part 14 penetrates through the second end cap 4. A second sealing ring 82 is arranged between the second end cover 4 and the cutter bar shaft sleeve 2 to realize the sealing between the second end cover 4 and the cutter bar shaft sleeve 2, and a third sealing ring 83 is arranged between the second end cover 4 and the cutter bar shaft 1 to improve the sealing performance.
As shown in fig. 8, the positive electrode plate 601 and the negative electrode plate 602 are folded to be circularly sleeved on the middle portion of the annular groove 16, the sections of the positive electrode plate 601 and the negative electrode plate 602 are both semicircular, and of course, the sections of the positive electrode plate 601 and the negative electrode plate may also be circular arc-shaped smaller than the semicircular shape, and in order to effectively prevent the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate from being charged, an insulating layer 605 is provided between the positive electrode plate 601 and the negative electrode plate 602, and in order to avoid electric leakage, the positive electrode plate 601 and the negative electrode plate 602 are respectively wrapped with an insulating sleeve 603. An accommodating cavity 91 for accommodating the electrorheological fluid is arranged between the cutter bar shaft 1 and the cutter bar shaft sleeve 2 and between the first end cover 3 and the middle end cover 4, and the accommodating cavity 91 is positioned outside the annular groove 16.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a damping sleeve 70 is fixed on the left side of the first end cap 3 on the cutter arbor 1 through a third bolt 103, and a gap 700 is formed between the damping sleeve 70 and the clasping portion 113 of the cutter arbor, so that a vibration space of the cutter arbor can be reserved, which is convenient for the pressing blocks to damp the cutter arbor, more than two pressing blocks 71 which extend in the radial direction and press on the clasping portion 113 of the cutter arbor are arranged on the damping sleeve 70, in the present embodiment, four pressing blocks are uniformly distributed in the circumference, an elastic member 72 is arranged between the pressing blocks 71 and the damping sleeve 70, specifically, the inner wall of the damping sleeve 70 is provided with accommodating grooves 74 which extend in the axial direction and are the same as the number of the pressing blocks, and the damping sleeve 70 is provided with a through hole 75 which extends in the radial direction and is communicated with the accommodating grooves; the pressing block 71 comprises a pressing block body 711 and an extending part 712 connected to the pressing block body 711, the pressing block body 711 is movably located in the accommodating groove 74, the extending part 712 movably extends into the through hole 75, the outer end of the through hole 75 is connected with a resisting part 73 through threads, in the example, the resisting part 73 is a bolt, an elastic part 72 is arranged between the resisting part and the extending part in the through hole, and the elastic part is a spring or a rubber block.
In the structure of the embodiment, when the clamping device is used, one end of the cutter is inserted into the cutter mounting hole and locked by the screw, and then the clamping rod is mounted on a machine tool. In the cutting process, the positive electrode is electrified, the negative electrode is electrified or grounded, so that an electric field can be generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the electrorheological fluid in the accommodating cavity is changed into a solid state from a flowing liquid state and has certain yield strength, namely a spring-damping module is additionally arranged, so that the electrorheological fluid in the accommodating cavity can generate upper and lower buffer forces, meanwhile, a pressing block is arranged at one end close to the cutter, an elastic piece is arranged between the pressing block and a damping sleeve, the pressing block always acts on the cutter shaft in an elastic manner under the action of the elastic piece, in the cutting process, the guide shaft close to one end of the cutter vibrates firstly, so that primary vibration reduction can be carried out on the cutter shaft through the elastically clamped pressing block, secondary vibration reduction can be carried out through the electrorheological fluid, the power supply amount to the negative electrode can be relatively reduced, a dual vibration reduction effect is achieved, the machining precision of a workpiece is improved, and damage to a machine tool is reduced; in addition, the mechanical vibration damping structure realized by the pressing block and the elastic piece has good reliability, so that if the vibration damping of the electrorheological fluid fails, the pressing block and the elastic piece can also play a vibration damping role, the precision influence on a workpiece in the machining process is small, and the damage to a machine tool is small. In addition, the vibration damper can be used for a numerically controlled lathe, a numerically controlled milling machine and a numerically controlled machining center, and therefore the vibration damper is good in universality.
Claims (10)
1. A numerical control machine tool shock absorber with good universality comprises a cutter bar shaft, wherein one end of the cutter bar shaft is provided with a cutter mounting hole; the method is characterized in that: a cutter bar shaft sleeve is sleeved outside the cutter bar shaft, and two ends of the cutter bar shaft respectively extend out of the cutter bar shaft sleeve; a first end cover is fixed at one end of the cutter bar shaft sleeve close to the cutter mounting hole, and the cutter bar shaft penetrates through the first end cover; a second end cover is fixed at one end of the cutter bar shaft sleeve far away from the cutter mounting hole, and the cutter bar shaft penetrates through the second end cover; an annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the cutter bar shaft and located between the first end cover and the second end cover, a positive plate and a negative plate are arranged in the annular groove, and the positive plate and the negative plate are arranged oppositely; an accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrorheological fluid is arranged between the cutter bar shaft and the cutter bar shaft sleeve and between the first end cover and the second end cover, and the accommodating cavity is positioned outside the annular groove; the tool bar shaft is sleeved with a vibration damping sleeve at one end of the first end cover close to the tool mounting hole, a gap is reserved between the vibration damping sleeve and the tool bar shaft, more than two pressing blocks which extend in the radial direction and are pressed on the tool bar shaft are arranged on the vibration damping sleeve, and an elastic piece is arranged between each pressing block and the vibration damping sleeve.
2. The numerically-controlled machine tool shock absorber with good universality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the first end cover and the vibration reduction cutter bar shaft are of an integrated structure.
3. The numerically-controlled machine tool shock absorber with good universality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the vibration reduction cutter arbor comprises a cutter mounting part, a connecting part, a middle part, a positioning part and a clamping rod which are sequentially connected from one end to the other end; wherein the diameters of the positioning part and the connecting part are larger than the diameter of the middle part, and the annular groove is formed on the outer side of the middle part.
4. The numerically-controlled machine tool shock absorber with good universality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a first sealing ring is arranged between the first end cover and the cutter bar shaft sleeve; a second sealing ring is arranged between the second end cover and the cutter bar shaft sleeve; and a third sealing ring is arranged between the second end cover and the cutter bar shaft.
5. The numerically-controlled machine tool shock absorber with good universality according to claim 1, characterized in that: a channel which extends radially and is communicated with the accommodating cavity is arranged on the cutter bar shaft sleeve, and a plug is arranged at the outer end of the channel.
6. The numerically-controlled machine tool shock absorber with good universality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the cutter bar shaft sleeve is provided with a positive lead connected with the positive plate, and the cutter bar shaft sleeve is provided with a negative lead connected with the negative plate.
7. The numerically-controlled machine tool shock absorber with good universality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the positive plate and the negative plate are respectively semicircular, the positive plate and the negative plate are sleeved on the cutter bar shaft and are circular, and an insulating layer is arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate.
8. The numerically-controlled machine tool shock absorber with good universality according to claim 7, characterized in that: insulating sleeves are respectively sleeved outside the positive plate and the negative plate.
9. The numerically-controlled machine tool shock absorber with good universality according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inner wall of the damping sleeve is provided with containing grooves which axially extend and are the same as the number of the pressing blocks, and the damping sleeve is provided with through holes which radially extend and are communicated with the containing grooves; the briquetting include the briquetting body and connect the portion of stretching into on the briquetting body, the briquetting body is located the storage tank, stretch into in the portion stretches into the through-hole, there is a department of resist in the outer end of through-hole through threaded connection, lie in the department of resist and stretch into and be equipped with the elastic component in the through-hole between the portion.
10. A numerically controlled machine tool shock absorber with good versatility according to claim 1 or 9, wherein: the elastic piece is a spring or a rubber block.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221444970.7U CN218362127U (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2022-06-10 | Digit control machine tool shock absorber that commonality is good |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221444970.7U CN218362127U (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2022-06-10 | Digit control machine tool shock absorber that commonality is good |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN218362127U true CN218362127U (en) | 2023-01-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221444970.7U Active CN218362127U (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2022-06-10 | Digit control machine tool shock absorber that commonality is good |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN218362127U (en) |
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2022
- 2022-06-10 CN CN202221444970.7U patent/CN218362127U/en active Active
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