CN218335314U - Protection circuit applied to battery module - Google Patents

Protection circuit applied to battery module Download PDF

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Publication number
CN218335314U
CN218335314U CN202222355547.6U CN202222355547U CN218335314U CN 218335314 U CN218335314 U CN 218335314U CN 202222355547 U CN202222355547 U CN 202222355547U CN 218335314 U CN218335314 U CN 218335314U
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voltage
battery module
self
protection circuit
terminal
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CN202222355547.6U
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张文帆
李俊杰
简荣南
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STL Technology Co Ltd
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STL Technology Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a protection circuit applied to a battery module, which comprises a self-control protector, a switch element and a voltage clamping loop; the self-control protector comprises a fuse unit and a heater; when the switching element receives the control signal, the switching element is conducted; when the switch element is conducted, the voltage clamping loop provides clamping voltage, and the working current passing through the self-control protector is clamped in the current range of the fusible fuse unit through the clamping voltage; thus, the fuse unit of the self-control protector is fused by heating the heater by the working current.

Description

Protection circuit applied to battery module
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a protection circuit used in a battery module, and more particularly to a protection circuit which fuses a fuse of a self-controlled protector when a voltage of the battery module is in a high voltage state or a low voltage state.
Background
In a current battery management system, in addition to overcharge protection by MOSFET switching elements, overcharge protection is also performed in a charging path by a Self-Control Protector (SCP) having a fuse.
Furthermore, the conventional self-control protector is only designed and applied to overcharge (or overvoltage) protection, and the fuse of the self-control protector is fused in coordination with the operation of the overcharge protection IC. Since the self-controlled protector is generally used only for protection against overcharge, the operating voltage range in which the fuse of the self-controlled protector can be blown out generally falls outside the voltage at the time of low capacity of the battery module. Therefore, if the voltage of the battery module is in a low voltage state and the self-controlled protector is used for protection against other abnormalities (such as over-discharge), the power carried by the heater (heater) of the self-controlled protector is insufficient, for example: when the voltage of the battery module is too low, the current flowing through the resistance of the heater will be small and the power (P = I) 2 R) becomes smaller, resulting in insufficient power carried by the heater and insufficient heat generation, so that the fuse has a problem of too long fusing time or being unable to fuse.
In view of the above, the present invention provides an innovative protection circuit for a battery module, which can still fuse the fuse of the self-control protector smoothly to protect the battery module if the battery module is abnormal (such as over-temperature, overcharge or over-discharge) when the voltage of the battery module is in a low voltage state.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide an use protection circuit on battery module, its protection circuit includes self-control protector, switching element and voltage strangulation return circuit. The self-control protector comprises a fuse unit and a heater. When the battery module is in an abnormal operation state, such as overcharge, overdischarge, or over-temperature, the switching element receives the control signal and is turned on. When the switching element is switched on, the voltage clamping loop provides a clamping voltage, and the working current on the heater of the self-control protector is clamped in the current range of the fusible fuse unit or the working voltage across the heater of the self-control protector is clamped in the voltage range of the fusible fuse unit through the clamping voltage. In this way, the voltage clamping loop can clamp the working current or the working voltage on the heater of the self-control protector within the current range or the voltage range of the fusible fuse unit no matter whether the total voltage of the battery module is in the high voltage state or the low voltage state, so that the fuse unit can be smoothly fused within a limited time when the battery module is in the abnormal state of overcharge, overdischarge or overtemperature.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a protection circuit for a battery module, the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series, the protection circuit includes: the self-control protector comprises a fuse unit and a heater, wherein the fuse unit is connected with the positive end of a power supply of the battery module, and one end of the heater is connected with the fuse unit; a switching element to be turned on when the switching element receives the control signal; and a voltage clamping loop connected with the battery module, the self-control protector and the switch element; when the switching element is switched on, the voltage clamping loop forms a clamping voltage, the clamping voltage clamps the working current of the self-control protector within the current range of the fusing fuse unit, and the fuse unit of the self-control protector is fused by heating the heater through the working current.
Preferably, the voltage clamping loop comprises: a first voltage division element having one end connected to a positive power supply terminal of the battery module and the other end connected to a first node; a second voltage division element, one end of which is connected to the first node and the other end of which is connected to the power supply cathode of the battery module through a switch element; a voltage clamping element connected in parallel with the first voltage dividing element; the power transistor comprises a first end, a second end and a control end, wherein the first end of the power transistor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply of the battery module, the second end of the power transistor is connected with the other end of the heater, and the control end of the power transistor is connected with the first node; when the switch element is turned on, the voltage clamping loop forms a clamping voltage between the positive power supply terminal of the battery module and the control terminal of the power transistor.
Preferably, the self-control protector is specified with an operating voltage range of the blown fuse unit, the voltage clamping loop forms an operating voltage on the heater, the operating voltage is a voltage difference between the clamping voltage and a conduction voltage of the power transistor, and the operating voltage is clamped by the voltage clamping element within the operating voltage range of the blown fuse unit.
Preferably, the voltage clamping loop includes a first voltage dividing element and a second voltage dividing element which are resistors, respectively, and a resistance value of the first voltage dividing element is greater than a resistance value of the second voltage dividing element.
Preferably, the voltage clamping device is a zener diode, and the power transistor is a P-channel mosfet, and the first terminal of the power transistor is connected to the negative power terminal of the battery module through a power resistor.
The utility model discloses an in the embodiment, battery module's battery core cluster number is the M cluster, and the self-control protector is the self-control protector that is applicable to N cluster battery core cluster number specification, and N < M.
Preferably, the switching element is connected to the overcharge protection chip, and the overcharge protection chip outputs a control signal to the switching element when the overcharge protection chip senses that the battery module is in an overcharge state.
The protection circuit applied to the battery module further comprises a microprocessor and an operation parameter sampling chip, wherein the microprocessor is connected with the switch element and the operation parameter sampling chip, the microprocessor samples at least one operation parameter for the battery module or the charge-discharge path through the operation parameter sampling chip, judges whether the battery module operates in an abnormal state or not by analyzing the operation parameter, and sends a control signal to the switch element when the battery module operates in the abnormal state.
Preferably, the operation parameter sampling chip is a chip for sampling a current parameter, a voltage parameter or a temperature parameter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the protection circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit block diagram of another embodiment of the protection circuit of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals: 100-a battery module; 11-a battery cell; 13-power input/output port; 200-a protection circuit; 201-a protection circuit; 21-self-controlled protector; 211-a fuse unit; 2111-first fuse; 2112 — second fuse; 213-a heater; 23-a switching element; 25-voltage clamp loop; 251-a first voltage dividing element; 2511-a first node; 252-a second voltage dividing element; 253-voltage clamping element; 254-a power transistor; 255-power resistor; 27-overcharge protection chip; 270-control signal; 28-a microprocessor; 280-control signals; 29-operating the parameter sampling chip.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the protection circuit 200 of the present invention is applied to the battery module 100 for protecting the safety of the battery module 100 during operation. The battery module 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 11 connected in series and having a total voltage V BAT . In an embodiment of the present invention, the number of the battery cells 11 connected in series is M strings.
The protection circuit 200 includes a self-control protector 21, a switching element 23 and a voltage clamping loop 25. The self-control protector 21 includes a fuse unit 211 and a heater 213. The fuse unit 211 includes a first fuse 2111 and a second fuse 2112. One end of the first fuse 2111 is connected to the positive power supply terminal of the battery module 100, one end of the second fuse 2112 is connected to the other end of the first fuse 2111, and the other end is connected to the power input/output port 13 of the battery module 100. One end of the heater 213 is connected to a connection point between the first fuse 2111 and the second fuse 2112.
The switch element 23 may also be a transistor switch disposed between the voltage clamp loop 25 and the negative power terminal of the battery module 100. When the switching element 23 receives the control signal 270, it will be controlled to conduct by the control signal 270.
The voltage clamping circuit 25 is connected to the battery module 100, the self-control protector 21 and the switching element 23. When the switching element 23 is turned on, the voltage clamping circuit 25 provides a clamping voltage V C . When the switching element 23 is turned on, the self-control protector 21 will pass the working current I H A clamping voltage V provided by the voltage clamping loop 25 C Will supply working currentI1 is clamped within the current range of the fusible fuse cell 211.
Further, the voltage clamping loop 25 includes a first voltage dividing element 251, a second voltage dividing element 252, a voltage clamping element 253, and a power transistor 254. One end of the first voltage dividing element 251 is connected to the positive power supply terminal of the battery module 100, and the other end is connected to the first node 2511. One end of the second voltage division element 252 is connected to the first node 2511, and the other end is connected to the power supply cathode of the battery module 100 through the switching element 23. The voltage clamping device 253 can also be a zener diode, which is connected in parallel to the first voltage dividing device 251. The power transistor 254 includes a first terminal connected to the negative electrode of the power source of the battery module 100, a second terminal connected to the other end of the heater 213, and a control terminal connected to the first node 2511. In the present invention, the power transistor 254 is a P-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (P-MOSFET) or a P-channel field effect transistor (JFET). The first terminal of the power transistor 254 is a drain terminal, the second terminal is a source terminal, and the control terminal is a gate terminal.
The first voltage dividing element 251 and the second voltage dividing element 252 are resistors, respectively. The resistance of the first voltage dividing element 251 will be greater than the resistance of the second voltage dividing element 252. When the switching element 23 is turned on, the total voltage V of the battery module 100 BAT A first voltage V1 and a second voltage V2 will be divided on the first voltage dividing device 251 and the second voltage dividing device 252, wherein V1>V2。
By the constant voltage characteristic of the voltage clamping device 253, the first voltage V1 applied to the self-control protector 21 and the power transistor 254 is clamped to a fixed clamping voltage V C And the clamping voltage VC will be formed between the positive supply terminal of the battery module 100 and the control terminal of the power transistor 254. Further, the self-control protector 21 is specified with an operating voltage range of the fusible fuse unit 211. The voltage clamping circuit 25 forms the operating voltage V on the heater 213 H . Operating voltage V H Is a clamping voltage V C And the on Voltage (VSG) of the power transistor 254. The working voltage V H Will be clamped by the voltage clamping element 253 within the operating voltage range of the fusible fuse unit 211. Then, when the switching element 23 is turned on, the operating voltage V H Will be pressed across the heater 213 to pass the operating current I of the fusible fuse unit 211 over the impedance of the heater 213 H 。
Then, the working voltage V across the heater 213 of the self-controlled protector 21 is applied by the voltage clamping function of the voltage clamping circuit 25 H Clamped within the operating voltage range of the fusible fuse unit 211 so that the heater 213 can flow the operating current I of the fusible fuse unit 211 H And smoothly heated to a sufficient temperature to blow the fuse unit 211 for a limited time.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the power transistor 254 can also be a high power transistor. Total voltage V of battery module 100 BAT Voltage difference (V) with the self-control protector 21 BAT -V H ) A voltage difference (V) is applied across the power transistor 254 BAT -V H ) The generated energy will be borne by the power transistor 254.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, the first terminal of the power transistor 254 is connected to the negative terminal of the power source of the battery module 100 through the power resistor 255. Total voltage V of battery module 100 BAT Voltage difference (V) with the self-control protector 21 BAT -V H ) Will be impressed across power transistor 254 and power resistor 255. In this manner, power resistor 255 may share the total voltage V of battery module 100 BAT Voltage difference (V) with the self-control protector 21 BAT -V H ) To prevent the power transistor 254 alone from withstanding the total voltage V of the battery module 100 BAT Voltage difference (V) with the self-control protector 21 BAT -V H ) All of the energy of the fuel cell causes a risk of being burned.
Subsequently, the self-control protectors (SCP) 21 of various types commercially available are designed to have different specifications, respectively. For example: the A type self-control protector is designed and suitable for 6-9 strings of battery cells, and the operating voltage range is 20.2-46.3V; the B type self-control protector is designed and suitable for 10-14 strings of battery cells and has an operating voltage range of 28.0-62.0V; alternatively, the C-type self-control protector is designed and applied to 15-17 strings of battery cells, and the operating voltage range is 39.6-72.0V. Thus, the self-control protector 21 with a high cell string number specification is selected, and the operable voltage range of the fuse unit 211 is relatively high; in contrast, when the self-control protector 21 of the low cell string number standard is selected, the operable voltage range of the fuse unit 211 is relatively low.
The utility model discloses in, protection circuit 200 will choose for use a battery cell cluster number specification to be less than the self-control protector 21 of actual battery cell 11 cluster number to protect battery module 100. For example: the number of strings of the battery cells 11 of the battery module 100 may also be M strings, and the protection circuit 200 selects the self-control protector 21 with the number of strings of N strings of battery cells, where N < M. The self-control protector 21 of the low cell string number standard is applied to the cell modules 100 of the higher cell string number 11, so that the cell modules 100 of the cells 11 of different higher cell string numbers can be protected by the self-control protector 21 of the same low cell string number standard. For example, the battery modules 100 having 10 or more strings of battery cells 11 can be protected by using the self-control protectors 21 of the 6 to 9-string battery cell string number standard.
In light of the above, regardless of the total voltage V of the battery module 100 BAT In either the high voltage state or the low voltage state, the voltage clamping circuit 25 of the protection circuit 200 can control the operating voltage V on the heater 213 of the self-control protector 21 H Clamped within the operating voltage range of the fusible fuse cell 211 so that the fuse cell 211 can be smoothly blown within a limited time when the battery module 100 is in overcharge, overdischarge, or over-temperature. Further, the total voltage V of the battery module 100 BAT Voltage difference (V) with the self-control protector 21 BAT -V H ) The power transistor 254 and/or the power resistor 255 are used to prevent the fuse unit 211 of the self-control protector 21 from being blown.
Further, the protection circuit 200 further includes an overcharge protection circuit connected to the switching element 23And a protective chip 27. The overcharge protection chip 27 is connected to the battery module 100 for sensing whether the battery module 100 is in an overcharge (or overvoltage) state. When the overcharge protection chip 27 senses that the battery module 100 is in the overcharge state, the overcharge protection chip 27 sends a control signal 270 to the switching element 23 to control the switching element 23 to conduct. After the switching element 23 is turned on, the voltage clamping loop 25 will provide the clamping voltage V C Passing through a clamping voltage V C Will self-control the working current I of the protector 21 H Or operating voltage V H The voltage is clamped in the current range or the voltage range of the fusible fuse unit 211, so that the fuse unit 211 of the self-control protector 21 can be smoothly fused, and the battery module 100 is prevented from being continuously charged and discharged through the power input/output port 13.
Please refer to a circuit block diagram of another embodiment of the protection circuit of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the protection circuit 201 of the present embodiment further includes a microprocessor 28 and an operation parameter sampling chip 29. The switch element 23 is connected to the microprocessor 28, and the microprocessor 28 is connected to the operation parameter sampling chip 29 through a connection line (e.g., a connection line of RS232 specification, UART specification, or I2C specification). The operation parameter sampling chip 29 is an Analog Front End (AFE) chip connected to the battery module 100 or the charging/discharging path for sampling a current parameter, a voltage parameter or a temperature parameter of the battery module 100 or the charging/discharging path.
The microprocessor 28 samples at least one operation parameter for the battery module 100 or the charge/discharge path through the operation parameter sampling chip 29, such as sampling a current on the charge/discharge path, sampling a voltage of the battery module 100, or sampling a temperature of the battery module 100, and determines whether the battery module 100 is in an abnormal operation by analyzing the operation parameter, such as whether the battery module 100 is overcharged, overdischarged, or over-temperature, and sends a control signal 280 to the switching element 23 to control the switching element 23 to conduct when the battery module is in an abnormal operation. After the switching element 23 is turned on, the voltage clamping loop 25 will provide the clamping voltage V C To pass the clamping voltage V C Will self-control the working current I of the protector 21 H Or operating voltage V H The voltage is clamped in the current range or the voltage range of the fusible fuse unit 211, so that the fuse unit 211 of the self-control protector 21 can be smoothly fused, and the battery module 100 is prevented from being continuously charged and discharged through the power input/output port 13.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, i.e., all equivalent changes and modifications of the shape, structure, characteristics and spirit of the present invention as described in the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A protection circuit for a battery module, the battery module including a plurality of battery cells connected in series, the protection circuit comprising:
the self-control protector comprises a fuse unit and a heater, the fuse unit is connected with the positive power supply end of the battery module, and one end of the heater is connected with the fuse unit;
the switching element is connected with the negative end of the power supply of the battery module and is used for being conducted when the switching element receives a control signal; and
a voltage clamping loop connected to the battery module, the self-control protector and the switching element;
when the switching element is turned on, the voltage clamping loop forms a clamping voltage, the clamping voltage clamps the working current passing through the self-control protector within a current range for fusing the fuse unit, and the fuse unit of the self-control protector is fused by heating the heater through the working current.
2. The protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the voltage clamping loop comprises:
a first voltage dividing element having one end connected to the positive power supply terminal of the battery module and the other end connected to a first node;
a second voltage dividing element having one end connected to the first node and the other end connected to a power supply cathode of the battery module through the switching element;
the voltage clamping element is connected in parallel with the first voltage division element; and
a power transistor including a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the power transistor is connected to the negative electrode of the power source of the battery module, the second terminal of the power transistor is connected to the other terminal of the heater, and the control terminal of the power transistor is connected to the first node;
when the switch element is turned on, the voltage clamping loop forms the clamping voltage between the positive power supply terminal of the battery module and the control terminal of the power transistor.
3. The protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the self-controlled protector specifies an operating voltage range for blowing the fuse unit, the voltage clamp loop forms an operating voltage on the heater, the operating voltage is a voltage difference between the clamp voltage and a turn-on voltage of the power transistor, and the operating voltage is clamped by the voltage clamp element within the operating voltage range for blowing the fuse unit.
4. The protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage clamping loop comprises the first voltage-dividing element and the second voltage-dividing element are resistors, and a resistance of the first voltage-dividing element is greater than a resistance of the second voltage-dividing element.
5. The protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage clamping device is a zener diode, and the power transistor is a P-channel mosfet or a P-channel fet.
6. The protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the first terminal of the power transistor is connected to the negative power supply terminal of the battery module through a power resistor.
7. The protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the number of cell strings of the battery module is M strings, and the self-controlled protector is a self-controlled protector adapted to the number of N strings of cell strings, N < M.
8. The protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the switching element is connected to an overcharge protection chip, and the overcharge protection chip outputs the control signal to the switching element when the overcharge protection chip senses that the battery module is in an overcharge state.
9. The protection circuit of claim 1, further comprising a microprocessor and an operation parameter sampling chip, wherein the microprocessor is connected to the switch element and the operation parameter sampling chip, the microprocessor samples at least one operation parameter for the battery module or the charging/discharging path through the operation parameter sampling chip, and determines whether the battery module is in an abnormal state by analyzing the at least one operation parameter, and sends the control signal to the switch element when the battery module is in the abnormal state.
10. The protection circuit of claim 9, wherein the operation parameter sampling chip is a chip for sampling a current parameter, a voltage parameter or a temperature parameter.
CN202222355547.6U 2022-09-05 2022-09-05 Protection circuit applied to battery module Active CN218335314U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202222355547.6U CN218335314U (en) 2022-09-05 2022-09-05 Protection circuit applied to battery module

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202222355547.6U CN218335314U (en) 2022-09-05 2022-09-05 Protection circuit applied to battery module

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN218335314U true CN218335314U (en) 2023-01-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202222355547.6U Active CN218335314U (en) 2022-09-05 2022-09-05 Protection circuit applied to battery module

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