CN218333680U - X-ray tube for nondestructive testing - Google Patents

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronic devices, and discloses an X-ray tube for nondestructive testing, which comprises a glass tube shell, a cathode assembly and an anode assembly, wherein the cathode assembly comprises a cathode cover fixed with the inner wall of the glass tube shell, a filament arranged in the cathode cover and a lead wire which penetrates through the glass tube shell and is electrically connected with the filament; the anode assembly comprises a radiator arranged at one end of the glass tube shell far away from the lead, an anode rod fixed with the radiator and positioned in the glass tube shell, a tungsten target connected with one end of the anode rod close to the filament, an anode cover sleeved on the outer side of the anode rod and a beryllium window arranged on one side of the anode cover. This application makes the ray tube can bear bigger tube voltage through structural change to tube voltage is big more, and the photoelectron acceleration that the cathode tube produced is big more, and the ability of the X ray that produces of striking anode tungsten target is big more, makes the penetration rate stronger, can detect the object that thickness is bigger.

Description

X-ray tube for nondestructive testing

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a vacuum electron device technical field, in particular to an X-ray tube for nondestructive test.

Background

X-rays are electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between that of ultraviolet rays and gamma rays, having a very short wavelength, and thus having a high penetrating power, and transmitting many substances opaque to visible light. X-rays are generated by electrons bombarding an anode target, however, electrons do not immediately convert all energy into X-ray photon energy, so the X-ray spectrum is continuously distributed, the energy ranges from low energy to high energy, the energy is the electron kinetic energy of electrons after the electrons are accelerated by a high voltage electric field, and the energy of the X-ray photon depends on the tube voltage when the X-ray is generated. The higher the voltage of the X-ray tube is, the higher the photon frequency of the X-ray is, the shorter the wavelength is, the higher the hardness of the X-ray is, the stronger the penetrating power is, and the product with higher penetrating density and higher thickness can be penetrated. The X-ray tube is classified into an ultra-soft X-ray, a hard X-ray and an ultra-hard X-ray according to the hardness of the X-ray, wherein the tube voltage of the ultra-soft X-ray is 5 to 20 kv, the tube voltage of the soft X-ray is 20 to 100 kv, the tube voltage of the hard X-ray is 100 to 250 kv, and more than 250 kv is the ultra-hard X-ray.

The existing soft X-ray is generally used in medical treatment, and when people go to a hospital to take a chest radiograph and perform CT, the voltage is lower, about 50 kilovolts, and the wavelength is also shorter. Industrial equipment basically has a voltage of about 160 kv, and a nondestructive inspection apparatus industrially used transmits X-rays of an object to be inspected, and most of the X-rays are hard X-rays. For thick materials, insufficient tube voltage can cause X-rays to be incapable of penetrating, so that nondestructive detection on the detected object cannot be performed.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides an X-ray tube for nondestructive testing.

The above technical object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: an X-ray tube for nondestructive testing comprises a glass tube shell, a cathode assembly and an anode assembly, wherein the cathode assembly comprises a cathode cover fixed with the inner wall of the glass tube shell, a filament arranged in the cathode cover and a lead wire which penetrates through the glass tube shell and is electrically connected with the filament;

the anode assembly comprises a radiator arranged at one end of the glass tube shell far away from the lead, an anode rod fixed with the radiator and positioned in the glass tube shell, a tungsten target connected with one end of the anode rod close to the filament, an anode cover sleeved on the outer side of the anode rod and a beryllium window arranged on one side of the anode cover.

By adopting the technical scheme, the glass tube shell is made of glass materials, so that the cost is low, the process is simple, and the volume is small. The radiator is used for helping the heat dissipation of the anode target, and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the X-ray tube. The beryllium window is made of metal beryllium, is low in density, light in weight, high in rigidity and good in thermal performance, has a small shielding effect on X-rays, and is beneficial to the penetration of the X-rays.

Furthermore, one end of the anode rod close to the filament is a tip, and the tungsten target is located in the center of the plane of the tip of the anode rod.

Furthermore, the radiator is of a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of first heat dissipation holes are formed in the radiator in a penetrating mode.

Furthermore, a plurality of second radiating holes are formed in the side wall of the radiator, the number of the second radiating holes is equal to that of the first radiating holes, and the second radiating holes are in one-to-one correspondence with and communicated with the first radiating holes.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, first louvre and second louvre combined action to this makes the inside and outside air of glass tube can circulate, is favorable to the X-ray tube to dispel the heat, with the normal use of guarantee X-ray tube.

Furthermore, one end of the radiator, which is far away from the lead, is provided with a positioning pin hole.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the setting of locating pin hole to the staff uses the locating pin to carry out fixed mounting to the X-ray tube.

Further, a regenerator is arranged on the cathode cover.

By adopting the technical scheme, under the long-time work, the sublimation of solids (such as tungsten filaments) in the tube can generate gas impurities, and under the high voltage, the gas impurities can be ionized to cause an electron avalanche phenomenon, and on the other hand, the long-term trend is that the gas pressure is reduced (the vacuum degree is increased), and because some gases are absorbed by the tube wall and other components, the long-term change of the tube reduces the intensity of X rays. At the same time, the X-rays become harder and higher in energy. A higher vacuum degree also brings about a larger resistance, so that an electric arc may be generated on the surface of the glass when the X-ray tube is powered on, and the air tightness of the X-ray tube is damaged, and short-term severe internal air pressure changes are brought about by heat generation during operation, for example, gas molecules adsorbed on the surface are separated out to increase the internal air pressure due to heat generation of a metal part during operation, and the pressure in the X-ray tube is reduced; the regenerator is then used to regulate the dissolution and diffusion of the gas in the solid.

To sum up, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:

1. in the application, the glass tube shell is made of glass materials, so that the cost is low, the process is simple, and the size is small. The radiator is used for helping the heat dissipation of the anode target, and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the X-ray tube. The beryllium window is made of metal beryllium, has low density, light weight, large rigidity and good thermal performance, has small shielding effect on X-rays and is beneficial to the penetration of the X-rays;

2. the structure change enables the ray tube to bear larger tube voltage, so that the larger the tube voltage is, the larger the photoelectron acceleration generated by the cathode tube is, the larger the capability of impacting X rays generated by the anode tungsten target is, the stronger the penetration rate is, and an object with larger thickness can be detected;

3. the method can change the energy value of the X-ray according to the detection requirement on the magnitude value of the tube voltage within the range of 0-350kV, and is used for detecting materials with different thicknesses;

4. this application adopts porous radiator, simple structure through increasing heat radiating area, and the heat dissipation of help anode target for the x-ray tube work of high voltage produces the heat and disperses fast.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention for highlighting the internal structure of the glass envelope;

fig. 3 is a schematic end face structure diagram of the heat sink in the embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a heat sink; 2. an anode rod; 3. a tungsten target; 4. a beryllium window; 5. a filament; 6. a cathode housing; 7. a glass tube shell; 8. a lead; 9. an anode cover; 10. a first heat dissipation hole; 11. a second heat dissipation hole; 12. a positioning pin hole.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application; it is obvious that the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment discloses an X-ray tube for non-destructive testing, which includes a glass envelope 7, a cathode assembly and an anode assembly. The glass tube 7 is made of glass material, and the cathode component comprises a cathode cover 6 fixed with the inner wall of the glass tube 7, a filament 5 arranged in the cathode cover 6 and a lead 8 passing through the glass tube 7 and electrically connected with the filament 5.

The anode assembly comprises a radiator 1 arranged at one end, far away from the lead 8, of a glass tube shell 7, an anode rod 2 fixed with the radiator 1 and positioned in the glass tube shell 7, a tungsten target 3 connected with one end, close to the filament 5, of the anode rod 2, an anode cover 9 sleeved on the outer side of the anode rod 2 and a beryllium window 4 arranged on one side of the anode cover 9. One end of the anode rod 2 close to the filament 5 is a tip, and the tungsten target 3 is positioned in the center of the plane of the tip of the anode rod 2. The radiator 1 is a cylinder structure, a plurality of first radiating holes 10 are formed in the radiator 1 in a penetrating mode, a plurality of second radiating holes 11 are formed in the side wall of the radiator 1, the number of the second radiating holes 11 is equal to that of the first radiating holes 10, and the second radiating holes 11 are in one-to-one correspondence with the first radiating holes 10 and are communicated with the first radiating holes 10. The porous heat sink 1 composed of the second heat dissipation hole 11 and the first heat dissipation hole 10 has a simple structure, and helps the anode target to dissipate heat by increasing the heat dissipation area, so that the high-voltage x-ray tube generates heat to be dissipated quickly when working.

In this embodiment, a positioning pin hole 12 is opened at one end of the heat sink 1 far from the lead 8, and the cathode cover 6 is provided with a regenerator, so that under long-term operation, solid (such as tungsten filament) in the tube sublimates to generate gas impurities, and under high voltage, the gas impurities are ionized to cause electron avalanche phenomenon, and on the other hand, the long-term trend is that the gas pressure is reduced (the vacuum degree is increased), because some gas is absorbed by the tube wall and other components, the long-term change of the tube reduces the intensity of the X-ray. At the same time, the X-rays become harder and more energetic. A higher vacuum degree can bring about a larger resistance, so that an electric arc can be generated on the surface of the glass during electrification, the air tightness of the X-ray tube is damaged, short-term and severe internal air pressure changes can be brought by heat generation during operation, for example, gas molecules adsorbed on the surface are separated out to increase the internal air pressure due to heat generation of a metal part during operation, and the pressure in the tube is reduced; the regenerator is then used to regulate the dissolution and diffusion of the gas in the solid.

The use principle of an X-ray tube for nondestructive testing in the present embodiment is: the ray tube can bear larger tube voltage through structural change, so that the higher the tube voltage is, the larger the acceleration of photoelectrons generated by the cathode tube is, the larger the capability of X rays generated by impacting the anode tungsten target 3 is, the stronger the penetration rate is, and an object with larger thickness can be detected. The glass tube shell 7 is made of glass materials, and has low cost, simple process and small volume. The radiator 1 is used for helping the heat dissipation of the anode target, and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the X-ray tube. The beryllium window 4 is made of metal beryllium, and has the advantages of low density, light weight, high rigidity and good thermal performance, and the beryllium window 4 has small shielding effect on X-rays and is beneficial to the penetration of the X-rays.

It is above only the utility model discloses a preferred embodiment, the utility model discloses a scope of protection does not only confine above-mentioned embodiment, the all belongs to the utility model discloses a technical scheme under the thinking all belongs to the utility model discloses a scope of protection. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the present disclosure may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present disclosure.

Claims (6)

1. An X-ray tube for non-destructive testing, comprising: the cathode assembly comprises a cathode cover (6) fixed with the inner wall of the glass tube shell (7), a filament (5) arranged in the cathode cover (6) and a lead (8) penetrating through the glass tube shell (7) and electrically connected with the filament (5);

the anode assembly comprises a radiator (1) arranged at one end, far away from the lead (8), of the glass tube shell (7), an anode rod (2) fixed with the radiator (1) and located in the glass tube shell (7), a tungsten target (3) connected with one end, close to the filament (5), of the anode rod (2), an anode cover (9) sleeved on the outer side of the anode rod (2) and a beryllium window (4) arranged on one side of the anode cover (9).

2. An X-ray tube for non-destructive testing according to claim 1, wherein: the end of the anode rod (2) close to the filament (5) is a tip, and the tungsten target (3) is located in the center of the plane of the tip of the anode rod (2).

3. An X-ray tube for non-destructive testing according to claim 2, wherein: the radiator (1) is of a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of first radiating holes (10) penetrate through the radiator (1).

4. An X-ray tube for non-destructive testing according to claim 3, wherein: the side wall of the radiator (1) is provided with a plurality of second radiating holes (11), the number of the second radiating holes (11) is equal to that of the first radiating holes (10), and the second radiating holes (11) correspond to and are communicated with the first radiating holes (10) one by one.

5. An X-ray tube for non-destructive testing according to claim 4, wherein: and one end of the radiator (1) far away from the lead (8) is provided with a positioning pin hole (12).

6. An X-ray tube for non-destructive testing according to claim 5, wherein: and a regenerator is arranged on the cathode cover (6).

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