CN218330974U - Rock direct tensile test device suitable for all compression testing machines - Google Patents
Rock direct tensile test device suitable for all compression testing machines Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种适用于所有压力试验机的岩石直接拉伸试验装置,包括支撑架,所述支撑架的顶部固定设置有顶板,所述顶板的上方设置有受力板,所述受力板上设置有多根竖直的传力杆,所述传力杆竖直贯穿顶板并与顶板滑动配合,且所述传力杆的下端设置有拉伸底座,所述拉伸底座上设置有与拉伸底座滑动配合的下部球形头夹持器,所述下部球形头夹持器的顶部设置有下部夹持盲槽,所述顶板上设置有与顶板滑动配合的上部球形头夹持器,所述上部球形头夹持器的底部设置有上部夹持盲槽,所述上部夹持盲槽的中心线与下部夹持盲槽的中心线重合。本实用新型在保证测试准确性的同时降低了设备成本,简化了试验操作,可实现多种条件下的岩石拉伸试验。
The utility model discloses a rock direct tensile test device suitable for all pressure testing machines, which comprises a support frame, a top plate is fixedly arranged on the top of the support frame, a force-bearing plate is arranged above the top plate, and a force-bearing plate is arranged above the support frame. A plurality of vertical dowel bars are arranged on the force plate, and the dowel bars vertically penetrate the top plate and slide with the top plate, and the lower ends of the dowel bars are provided with a stretching base, and the stretching base is provided with There is a lower spherical head holder slidingly matched with the stretching base, the top of the lower spherical head holder is provided with a lower clamping blind groove, and the upper spherical head holder is provided on the top plate slidingly matched with the top board , The bottom of the upper spherical head holder is provided with an upper clamping blind groove, and the center line of the upper clamping blind groove coincides with the center line of the lower clamping blind groove. The utility model reduces equipment cost while ensuring test accuracy, simplifies test operation, and can realize rock tensile tests under various conditions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于岩石直接拉伸试验技术领域,尤其是一种适用于所有压力试验机的岩石直接拉伸试验装置。The utility model belongs to the technical field of rock direct tensile tests, in particular to a rock direct tensile test device suitable for all pressure testing machines.
背景技术Background technique
岩石的抗压、抗拉、抗剪等3大类力学参数的测试,是所有岩石工程建设中均不可缺少的。对岩石试样进行拉伸试验是了解岩石承受拉荷载能力的重要手段,岩石的抗拉强度值作为工程建设中的基础力学参数之一,对工程设计计算十分重要。目前用于岩石的抗拉强度值测定的方法主要有间接拉伸法和直接拉伸法2种。The testing of three major types of mechanical parameters of rock, such as compression, tension, and shear, is indispensable in all rock engineering constructions. Tensile testing of rock samples is an important means to understand the ability of rocks to bear tensile loads. As one of the basic mechanical parameters in engineering construction, the tensile strength value of rocks is very important for engineering design calculations. At present, there are two main methods for determining the tensile strength of rocks: the indirect stretching method and the direct stretching method.
间接拉伸法又称为巴西劈裂法,因为操作简便,普适性性广,在所有常规材料压缩力学试验机上均可完成,该方法也是国家标准《工程岩体试验方法标准》中唯一推荐的测试方法。虽然巴西劈裂法是ISRM和《工程岩体试验方法标准》中都普遍推荐的测试方法,但具体测试方法又不尽相同,又可分为直接加载法、垫条法、弧形加载法。The indirect tension method is also called the Brazilian split method. Because of its simple operation and wide applicability, it can be completed on all conventional material compression mechanics testing machines. This method is also the only one recommended in the national standard "Engineering Rock Mass Test Method Standard" test method. Although the Brazilian splitting method is generally recommended in ISRM and "Standards for Test Methods of Engineering Rock Mass", the specific test methods are different, and can be divided into direct loading method, pad method and arc loading method.
《工程岩体试验方法标准》中推荐的方法是在试件和压头之间添加金属垫条,对于软岩则在试件和压头间添加软木垫,虽然是为了保证压头传递到试件端部的是线性集中荷载,但仍未解决脆性岩石端部易碎的问题,且研究表明该方法所得岩石抗拉强度偏小。The method recommended in "Engineering Rock Mass Test Method Standards" is to add a metal pad between the test piece and the indenter, and for soft rock, add a cork pad between the test piece and the indenter, although it is to ensure that the indenter is transmitted to the test head. The end of the component is a linear concentrated load, but the problem of fragility at the end of the brittle rock has not been solved, and the research shows that the tensile strength of the rock obtained by this method is too small.
ISRM中推荐将压头和试件接触处设置为弧形,虽然该方法保证了试件端部为弧形受压区,在一定程度上降低了试件端部破碎的风险,但该方法要求压头弧度需与样品尺寸匹配,不仅普适性不高,而且会导致所得抗拉强度偏高。虽然该方法操作简单,在所有材料压缩力学试验机上均可开展,但整体而言还存在以下不足:(1)受端部加载区影响,测得的抗拉强度的准确性较低仍是不可回避的问题;(2)在劈裂过程中,难以保证劈裂面一定沿着预定加载面;(3)无法保证劈裂面一定是承载能力最小的破坏面,尤其是对于存在明显层理及缺陷的岩石。故而间接测定所测得的抗拉强度值不能完全反映真实情况。In ISRM, it is recommended to set the contact between the indenter and the specimen as an arc. Although this method ensures that the end of the specimen is an arc-shaped compression zone, which reduces the risk of the end of the specimen being broken to a certain extent, this method requires The curvature of the indenter needs to match the size of the sample, which is not only not universal, but also leads to high tensile strength. Although this method is simple to operate and can be carried out on all material compression mechanics testing machines, it still has the following shortcomings: (1) The accuracy of the measured tensile strength is still low due to the influence of the end loading zone. (2) During the splitting process, it is difficult to ensure that the splitting surface must be along the predetermined loading surface; (3) It is impossible to ensure that the splitting surface must be the failure surface with the smallest bearing capacity, especially for those with obvious bedding and Defective rock. Therefore, the tensile strength value measured by indirect measurement cannot fully reflect the real situation.
为解决间接拉伸测试结果不能完全反映真实情况的难题,直接拉伸方法被用来测试岩石抗拉力学性能。但是,直接拉伸法因为对试验设备拉伸功能具有较高要求,导致无法利用普通压缩力学试验机进行试验而适用性较低。为测试不同条件下岩石的抗拉力学性能,申请人结合国际上最先进的MTS815岩石力学试验系统的直接拉伸功能,解决了测试中存在的部分难题,分别获得了ZL200610022224.8、US7624647B2、ZL201510068200.5、ZL201510068186.9、US9488560B2、US9488559B2等多项实用新型专利授权。然而,对于直接拉伸法岩石力学性能测试,仍存在以下不足:(1)对力学测试设备的性能要求高,在常规材料试验机开展,故而推广普适性较低;(2)利用MTS815试验机进行直接拉伸试验,在试验过程中的拆卸组装加载部件非常繁琐,需要多人协同完成,整个过程费时费力;(3)需拆卸组装的加载部件均为钢材模块,体积大、重量重,拆装过程存在导致设备损坏或人员受伤的严重安全隐患;(4)直接拉伸的安装测试过程较为繁琐,需要至少2人配合完成,仍需耗费大量人工;(5)测试中因需要使用多个加载垫块堆砌及2个长的加载链条分别与岩石2拉伸端部连接,导致易出现偏心拉伸力而影响测试结果;(6)目前均无法实现三轴侧向压缩应力下的岩石直接拉伸试验,也无法实现两个轴向直接施加压缩应力下的岩石直接拉伸试验。In order to solve the problem that the indirect tensile test results cannot fully reflect the real situation, the direct tensile method is used to test the tensile mechanical properties of rocks. However, the direct tension method has low applicability because it has high requirements on the tensile function of the test equipment, which makes it impossible to use ordinary compression mechanics testing machines for testing. In order to test the tensile mechanical properties of rocks under different conditions, the applicant combined the direct tensile function of the most advanced MTS815 rock mechanics test system in the world to solve some problems in the test, and obtained ZL200610022224.8, US7624647B2, ZL201510068200 respectively .5, ZL201510068186.9, US9488560B2, US9488559B2 and other utility model patents authorized. However, there are still the following deficiencies in the testing of rock mechanical properties by the direct tension method: (1) The performance requirements for the mechanical testing equipment are high, and it is carried out on a conventional material testing machine, so the universality of popularization is low; (2) The MTS815 test The machine is used for direct tensile test. The disassembly and assembly of the loading parts during the test is very cumbersome and requires the cooperation of multiple people. The whole process is time-consuming and laborious. (3) The loading parts that need to be disassembled and assembled are all steel modules, which are large in size and heavy in weight. There are serious safety hazards in the disassembly process that may lead to equipment damage or personal injury; (4) The installation and testing process of direct stretching is relatively cumbersome, requiring at least 2 people to cooperate to complete it, and still requires a lot of labor; (5) Due to the need to use many Stacking of three loading pads and two long loading chains are respectively connected to the 2 tensile ends of the rock, resulting in eccentric tensile force and affecting the test results; (6) rock under triaxial lateral compressive stress cannot be realized The direct tensile test also cannot realize the direct tensile test of the rock under two axially directly applied compressive stresses.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种岩石拉伸试验装置,可以保证沿着试样承载力最低的部位发生破坏,保证测量准确性的同时降低试验成本,并且可用于三轴侧向压缩应力下的岩石拉伸试验以及两个轴向直接施加压缩应力下的岩石拉伸试验。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a rock tensile test device, which can ensure that damage occurs along the part with the lowest bearing capacity of the sample, and reduce the test cost while ensuring measurement accuracy, and can be used for testing under triaxial lateral compression stress. Rock tensile tests as well as rock tensile tests under two axially directly applied compressive stresses.
本实用新型的目的是这样实现的:岩石拉伸试验装置,包括支撑架,所述支撑架的顶部固定设置有顶板,所述顶板的上方设置有受力板,所述受力板上设置有多根竖直的传力杆,所述传力杆竖直贯穿顶板并与顶板滑动配合,且所述传力杆的下端设置有拉伸底座,所述拉伸底座上设置有与拉伸底座滑动配合的下部球形头夹持器,所述下部球形头夹持器的顶部设置有下部夹持盲槽,所述顶板上设置有与顶板滑动配合的上部球形头夹持器,所述上部球形头夹持器的底部设置有上部夹持盲槽,所述上部夹持盲槽的中心线与下部夹持盲槽的中心线重合。The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that the rock tensile test device includes a support frame, the top of the support frame is fixedly provided with a top plate, the top of the top plate is provided with a force plate, and the force plate is provided with A plurality of vertical dowel bars, the dowel bars vertically penetrate the top plate and slide with the top plate, and the lower ends of the dowel bars are provided with a stretching base, and the stretching base is provided with a stretching base A lower spherical head holder that slides and fits. The top of the lower spherical head holder is provided with a lower clamping blind groove. The bottom of the head holder is provided with an upper clamping blind groove, and the center line of the upper clamping blind groove coincides with the center line of the lower clamping blind groove.
进一步地,所述支撑架包括底座和竖直设置在底座上的多根立柱,所述顶板通过第一固定螺母固定于立柱的上部。Further, the support frame includes a base and a plurality of uprights arranged vertically on the base, and the top plate is fixed to the upper part of the uprights by a first fixing nut.
进一步地,所述底座和顶板均呈圆角三角形,所述立柱为三根。Further, both the base and the top plate are rounded triangles, and there are three columns.
进一步地,所述受力板和拉伸底座呈圆角三角形,所述传力杆为三根。Further, the force plate and the stretching base are in the shape of a rounded triangle, and there are three dowel rods.
进一步地,所述拉伸底座通过第二固定螺母固定于传力杆的下端。Further, the stretch base is fixed to the lower end of the dowel bar through a second fixing nut.
进一步地,所述传力杆的下端设置有水平的连接杆,所述拉伸底座的侧壁设置有嵌入孔,所述连接杆与嵌入孔插接连接。Further, the lower end of the dowel rod is provided with a horizontal connecting rod, and the side wall of the stretch base is provided with an insertion hole, and the connecting rod is inserted into the insertion hole.
进一步地,所述拉伸底座的边缘设置有连接槽口,所述传力杆的下端设置有与连接槽口配合的连接块,所述连接块位于连接槽口内并与拉伸底座可拆卸连接。Further, the edge of the stretching base is provided with a connecting notch, and the lower end of the dowel bar is provided with a connecting block that matches the connecting notch, and the connecting block is located in the connecting notch and is detachably connected with the stretching base .
进一步地,所述上部夹持盲槽与下部夹持盲槽为圆形孔或者矩形孔。Further, the upper clamping blind groove and the lower clamping blind groove are circular holes or rectangular holes.
本实用新型的有益效果是:1、本实用新型只需要有常规材料试验机即可开展岩石拉伸试验,无需增设单独的拉伸试验设备,普适性广,克服了传统直接拉伸法设备成本高的缺陷。The beneficial effects of the utility model are: 1. The utility model only needs to have a conventional material testing machine to carry out the rock tensile test, without adding a separate tensile test device, and has wide applicability, overcoming the traditional direct stretching method equipment High cost defects.
2、本实用新型采用了压转拉的直接拉伸方法,可保证沿着试样承载力最低的部位发生破坏,克服了传统间接拉伸法准确性低的缺陷。2. The utility model adopts the direct stretching method of compression-turning-pulling, which can ensure that the damage occurs along the part with the lowest bearing capacity of the sample, and overcomes the defect of low accuracy of the traditional indirect stretching method.
3、装置的结构简单,主要由钢结构组成,与同类拉伸试验设备相比,成本低廉;体积小,重量轻,便于移动;操作方便省力,一个人即可开展试验,降低了使用成本;避免因拆装沉重的加载部件可能导致设备意外损坏和操作人员人身安全等事故,安全性高;拉伸结构紧凑,避免了多个部件叠加可能存在的偏心受力问题。3. The structure of the device is simple, mainly composed of steel structure. Compared with similar tensile test equipment, the cost is low; the volume is small, the weight is light, and it is easy to move; the operation is convenient and labor-saving, and one person can carry out the test, which reduces the cost of use; It avoids accidental damage to equipment and personal safety of operators due to the disassembly and assembly of heavy loaded parts, with high safety; the compact tensile structure avoids the problem of eccentric force that may exist in the superposition of multiple parts.
4、由于本实用新型结构紧凑,体积较小,可置于现有三轴试验机压力室内部,解决了岩石直接拉伸测试不能在三轴侧向应力下开展的难题。4. Due to the compact structure and small size of the utility model, it can be placed inside the pressure chamber of the existing triaxial testing machine, which solves the problem that the direct tensile test of the rock cannot be carried out under the triaxial lateral stress.
5、本实用新型采用支架式压转拉装置,解决了岩石直接拉伸测试不能在两个加载轴方向直接施加压缩应力下开展的难题,可直接与现有的真三向加载试验机配合使用,完成两个加载轴方向直接施加压缩应力下的岩石拉伸试验。5. The utility model adopts a bracket-type compression-turn-tension device, which solves the problem that the direct tensile test of rock cannot be carried out under the direct application of compressive stress in the direction of the two loading axes, and can be directly used in conjunction with the existing true three-dimensional loading test machine , to complete the rock tensile test under the direct application of compressive stress in the direction of two loading axes.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是实施例一的俯视示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of Embodiment 1;
图2是图1的I-I的剖视示意图;Fig. 2 is the sectional schematic diagram of I-I of Fig. 1;
图3实施例二的主视示意图;The schematic diagram of the front view of Fig. 3 embodiment two;
图4实施例三的主视示意图;The schematic diagram of the front view of the third embodiment of Fig. 4;
附图标记:1—底座;2—立柱;3—顶板;4—第一固定螺母;5—受力板;6—传力杆;7—拉伸底座;8—第二固定螺母;9—下部球形头夹持器;10—油压保护热缩膜;11—上部球形头夹持器;12—试样。Reference signs: 1—base; 2—column; 3—top plate; 4—first fixing nut; 5—force plate; 6—dowel rod; 7—stretching base; 8—second fixing nut; 9— Lower spherical head holder; 10—oil pressure protection heat shrinkable film; 11—upper spherical head holder; 12—sample.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further described.
实施例一Embodiment one
如图1和图2所示,本实用新型的适用于所有压力试验机的岩石直接拉伸试验装置,包括支撑架,支撑架的顶部固定设置有顶板3,顶板3的上方设置有受力板5,受力板5上设置有多根竖直的传力杆6,传力杆6竖直贯穿顶板3并与顶板3滑动配合,且传力杆6的下端设置有拉伸底座7,拉伸底座7上设置有与拉伸底座7滑动配合的下部球形头夹持器9,下部球形头夹持器9的顶部设置有下部夹持盲槽,顶板3上设置有与顶板3滑动配合的上部球形头夹持器11,上部球形头夹持器11的底部设置有上部夹持盲槽,上部夹持盲槽的中心线与下部夹持盲槽的中心线重合。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the rock direct tension test device applicable to all pressure testing machines of the present utility model includes a support frame, a
支撑架用于支撑其他部件,可采用各种结构的框架,优选的,支撑架包括底座1和竖直设置在底座1上的多根立柱2,顶板3通过第一固定螺母4固定于立柱2的上部。底座1采用一定厚度的金属板,立柱2可以采用圆柱形的金属杆件,可以是空心管。立柱2的下端可以与底座1焊接,也可以采用螺纹配合等常用的连接方式。立柱2上部设置有外螺纹,可以通过在顶板3上下表面设置第一固定螺母4进行定位,也可以在立柱2上部的外壁设置支撑台阶,顶板3置于支撑台阶上,并在顶板3上表面设置第一固定螺母4,对顶板3进行锁紧。顶板3可拆卸安装,移动时可以将顶板3拆下来,也便于调节顶板3的高度。The support frame is used to support other parts, and frames of various structures can be used. Preferably, the support frame includes a base 1 and a plurality of
底座1和顶板3可以是方形、圆形、三角形等形状,如图1所示,优选为圆角三角形。立柱2的数量可以是3根、4根等,优选为3根,可以对顶板3进行更加稳定地定位,稳固定更好。且采用数量较少的立柱2,立柱2之间的空间更大,方便在被测试岩石样品上安装其他测量传感器而预留出可操作的空间。The base 1 and the
受力板5直接受到压缩载荷,受力板5、传力杆6以及拉伸底座7组成将压缩载荷转换为拉伸载荷的拉伸架,传力杆6的上端可以与受力板5焊接连接,也可以采用螺纹连接、采用螺钉连接或者采用定位销连接等方式。受力板5与拉伸底座7可以是三角形、矩形等形状,优选为圆角三角形,传力杆6共3根,可实现稳定传递载荷,可防止拉伸架倾斜。传力杆6下端设置有外螺纹,拉伸底座7通过第二固定螺母8固定于传力杆6的下端,以便于拆卸。The
受力板5位于顶板3的上方,且受力板5与顶板3之间具有适当的间距,以确保受力板5受到压缩载荷后可以将载荷传递至传力杆6。传力杆6与顶板3滑动配合,且配合间隙尽可能的小,以保证压缩载荷沿着传力杆6竖直向下传递。The
下部球形头夹持器9和上部球形头夹持器11用于夹持岩石试样12,下部夹持盲槽和上部夹持盲槽可固定试样12,下部夹持盲槽和上部夹持盲槽可以是圆形孔或者方形孔,根据试样12的形状确定。The lower spherical head holder 9 and the upper spherical head holder 11 are used to clamp the
下部球形头夹持器9和上部球形头夹持器11均设置有半球形的弧形表面,同时顶板3上设置有与上部球形头夹持器11弧形表面配合的槽,拉伸底座7上设置有与下部球形头夹持器9弧形表面配合的槽,使得下部球形头夹持器9和上部球形头夹持器11可以在一定的角度范围内灵活转动。试样12加工后不可能完全确保两个端面与试样12轴线垂直,将下部夹持盲槽和上部夹持盲槽分别与试样12的上下端面粘接后,会导致拉伸荷载的轴线不可能完全与试样12的轴线重合,若存在一定夹角,则会导致偏心荷载,影响试验结果。下部球形头夹持器9和上部球形头夹持器11设置半球形的弧形表面后,试验时,如果拉伸荷载的轴线偏离完试样12的轴线,下部球形头夹持器9和上部球形头夹持器11可以在载荷的作用下自动转动,使得载荷方向与试样12的轴向保持一致,从而确保测试结果的准确性。The lower spherical head holder 9 and the upper spherical head holder 11 are all provided with a hemispherical arc surface, while the
如图2所示,下部球形头夹持器9和上部球形头夹持器11均通过半球形的弧形面进行限位,试验前后可以轻松将下部球形头夹持器9和上部球形头夹持器11取下,以便于将试样12的端面粘接到下部夹持盲槽和上部夹持盲槽的孔底,操作难度低。此外,可以更换用于不同形状和尺寸的试样12固定的下部球形头夹持器9和上部球形头夹持器11,使得本装置可用于各种形状和尺寸的试样12的拉伸试验。As shown in Figure 2, both the lower spherical head holder 9 and the upper spherical head holder 11 are limited by the hemispherical arc surface, and the lower spherical head holder 9 and the upper spherical head holder can be easily clamped before and after the test. The holder 11 is removed so that the end face of the
实施例二Embodiment two
如图3所示,本实用新型的适用于所有压力试验机的岩石直接拉伸试验装置,包括支撑架,支撑架的顶部固定设置有顶板3,顶板3的上方设置有受力板5,受力板5上设置有多根竖直的传力杆6,传力杆6竖直贯穿顶板3并与顶板3滑动配合,且传力杆6的下端设置有拉伸底座7,拉伸底座7上设置有与拉伸底座7滑动配合的下部球形头夹持器9,下部球形头夹持器9的顶部设置有下部夹持盲槽,顶板3上设置有与顶板3滑动配合的上部球形头夹持器11,上部球形头夹持器11的底部设置有上部夹持盲槽,上部夹持盲槽与下部夹持盲槽为圆形孔或者矩形孔,上部夹持盲槽的中心线与下部夹持盲槽的中心线重合。支撑架包括底座1和竖直设置在底座1上的多根立柱2,顶板3通过第一固定螺母4固定于立柱2的上部。底座1和顶板3均呈圆角三角形,所述立柱2为三根。受力板5和拉伸底座7呈圆角三角形,传力杆6为三根。As shown in Figure 3, the rock direct tension test device applicable to all pressure testing machines of the present utility model comprises a support frame, a
传力杆6的下端设置有水平的连接杆,拉伸底座7的侧壁设置有嵌入槽,连接杆与嵌入孔插接连接。The lower end of the dowel bar 6 is provided with a horizontal connecting rod, and the side wall of the stretch base 7 is provided with an embedding groove, and the connecting rod is plugged and connected with the embedding hole.
实施例三Embodiment three
如图4所示,本实用新型的适用于所有压力试验机的岩石直接拉伸试验装置,包括支撑架,支撑架的顶部固定设置有顶板3,顶板3的上方设置有受力板5,受力板5上设置有多根竖直的传力杆6,传力杆6竖直贯穿顶板3并与顶板3滑动配合,且传力杆6的下端设置有拉伸底座7,拉伸底座7上设置有与拉伸底座7滑动配合的下部球形头夹持器9,下部球形头夹持器9的顶部设置有下部夹持盲槽,顶板3上设置有与顶板3滑动配合的上部球形头夹持器11,上部球形头夹持器11的底部设置有上部夹持盲槽,上部夹持盲槽与下部夹持盲槽为圆形孔或者矩形孔,上部夹持盲槽的中心线与下部夹持盲槽的中心线重合。支撑架包括底座1和竖直设置在底座1上的多根立柱2,顶板3通过第一固定螺母4固定于立柱2的上部。底座1和顶板3均呈圆角三角形,所述立柱2为三根。受力板5和拉伸底座7呈圆角三角形,传力杆6为三根。As shown in Figure 4, the rock direct tensile test device applicable to all pressure testing machines of the present utility model comprises a support frame, a
拉伸底座7的边缘设置有连接槽口,传力杆6的下端设置有与连接槽口配合的连接块,连接块位于连接槽口内并与拉伸底座7可拆卸连接。连接块具体可以通过插销等连接件与拉伸底座7相连接。The edge of stretching base 7 is provided with connecting notch, and the lower end of dowel 6 is provided with the connecting block that cooperates with connecting notch, and connecting block is positioned at connecting notch and is detachably connected with stretching base 7. Specifically, the connecting block can be connected with the stretch base 7 through connecting pieces such as bolts.
适用于所有压力试验机的岩石直接拉伸试验装置的试验方法,可采用实施例一至三中任意一种岩石拉伸试验装置,将试样12的一端通过强力胶水粘接在下部球形头夹持器9的下部夹持盲槽,试样12的另一端通过强力胶水粘接在上部球形头夹持器11的上部夹持盲槽。试样12的断面可以是圆形,也可以是矩形、椭圆形等各种形状,根据试样12的形状和尺寸制备下部球形头夹持器9和上部球形头夹持器11。再将整个岩石拉伸试验装置置于材料压缩力学试验机上,利用材料压缩力学试验机对受力板5施加压缩载荷,压缩载荷经传力杆6传递至拉伸底座7,拉伸底座7则在试样12上形成拉伸载荷,拉伸载荷的大小等于材料压缩力学试验机施加的压缩载荷。The test method of the rock direct tensile test device applicable to all pressure testing machines can adopt any one of the rock tensile test devices in Embodiments 1 to 3, and one end of the
本实用新型的适用于所有压力试验机的岩石直接拉伸试验装置,通过受力板5、传力杆6以及拉伸底座7组成的拉伸架将压缩载荷转换为拉伸载荷,对试样12施加的载荷等同于现有直接拉伸试验的载荷,可保证沿着试样承载力最低的部位发生破坏,克服了传统间接拉伸法准确性低的缺陷。The rock direct tensile test device applicable to all pressure testing machines of the utility model converts the compressive load into a tensile load through the tensile frame composed of the
此外,材料压缩力学试验机是常规的试验设备,多种材料的压缩力学试验均采用材料压缩力学试验机施加载荷,设备结构简单,操作门槛低,成本低,一般的中小企业、研究院校等均有能力购买和使用,克服了传统直接拉伸试验设备成本高昂、操作难度高的缺陷。In addition, the material compression mechanics testing machine is a conventional test equipment. The compression mechanics tests of various materials are applied by the material compression mechanics testing machine. The equipment structure is simple, the operation threshold is low, and the cost is low. All have the ability to purchase and use, and overcome the defects of high cost and difficult operation of traditional direct tensile test equipment.
另外,本实用新型结构简单,成本低,且结构紧凑,体积小,可与常规的各种材料压缩力学试验机配合使用,实现多种条件下的岩石拉伸试验。In addition, the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, compact structure and small volume, and can be used in conjunction with various conventional compression mechanics testing machines for various materials to realize rock tensile tests under various conditions.
除了上述试验方式之外,本实用新型的适用于所有压力试验机的岩石直接拉伸试验装置还可以实现三轴侧向压力条件下的岩石拉伸试验,可以与现有的三轴试验机配合,具体试验过程为:将试样12的一端通过强力胶水粘接在下部球形头夹持器9的下部夹持盲槽,试样12的另一端通过强力胶水粘接在上部球形头夹持器11的上部夹持盲槽。并将油压保护热缩膜10固定在下部球形头夹持器9、试样12以及上部球形头夹持器11的外壁,如图2、图3或图4所示。再将整个岩石拉伸试验装置置于三轴试验机的压力室内部的底座上,确保岩石拉伸试验装置的受力板5能够与三轴试验机的压头良好接触,并采用螺栓将岩石拉伸试验装置固定。通过向压力室18内充油以施加三轴侧向压缩应力至目标值,通过试验机压头对受力板5施加压缩载荷,压缩载荷经传力杆6传递至拉伸底座7,拉伸底座7则在试样12上形成拉伸载荷,拉伸载荷的大小等于材料压缩力学试验机施加的压缩载荷;当试样12被破坏后,将压力室内的油抽回。In addition to the above-mentioned test methods, the rock direct tensile test device applicable to all pressure testing machines of the utility model can also realize rock tensile tests under triaxial lateral pressure conditions, and can cooperate with existing triaxial testing machines , the specific test process is as follows: one end of the
除了上述试验方式之外,本实用新型的岩石拉伸试验装置还可以开展两个轴向直接施加压缩应力下的岩石直接拉伸试验,解决了岩石直接拉伸测试不能在两个轴向直接施加压缩应力下开展的难题;并且操作简单方便,将实施例一、二或三的岩石拉伸试验装置置入真三向加载试验机的试验台即可开展两个轴向直接施加压缩应力下的岩石拉伸试验,无需繁琐的拆卸安装,只需一人即可开展试验,节省人力物力。In addition to the above-mentioned test methods, the rock tensile test device of the present utility model can also carry out direct tensile tests on rocks under two axially directly applied compressive stresses, which solves the problem that the direct tensile test of rocks cannot be directly applied in two axial directions. It is difficult to carry out under compressive stress; and the operation is simple and convenient, and the rock tensile test device of embodiment one, two or three is inserted into the test bed of true three-way loading testing machine to carry out two axially directly applied compressive stresses. The rock tensile test does not require cumbersome disassembly and installation, and only one person can carry out the test, saving manpower and material resources.
常规的真三向加载试验机包括实验台,实验台周围设置有4根水平的支承轴,相邻两支承轴相互垂直,支承轴远离实验台的一端设置加压机构,另一端设置有竖直的压力板;实验台的上方设置有压头。The conventional true three-way loading testing machine includes a test bench, and four horizontal support shafts are arranged around the test bench. Two adjacent support shafts are perpendicular to each other. The pressure plate; the top of the test bench is provided with a pressure head.
具体地试验过程为:制备断面呈矩形的试样12,将试样12的一端通过强力胶水粘接在下部球形头夹持器9的下部夹持盲槽,试样12的另一端通过强力胶水粘接在上部球形头夹持器11的上部夹持盲槽。然后将整个岩石拉伸试验装置置于真三向加载试验机的实验台上,确保试样12的四个侧面与四个压力板的位置对应,即确保每个压力板能够贴合试样12的一个侧面,然后利用加压机构对支承轴施加压力,压力通过压力板传递至试样12。再利用真三向加载试验机的压头对受力板5施加压缩载荷,压缩载荷经传力杆6传递至拉伸底座7,拉伸底座7则在试样12上形成拉伸载荷,拉伸载荷的大小等于材料压缩力学试验机施加的压缩载荷。当试样12破坏后,将真三向加载试验机的三个轴向力卸载,即可取出试样12。The specific test process is as follows: prepare a
综上,本实用新型在保证测试准确性的同时降低了设备成本,简化了试验操作,可实现多种条件下的岩石拉伸试验。To sum up, the utility model reduces equipment cost while ensuring test accuracy, simplifies test operation, and can realize rock tensile tests under various conditions.
以上所述仅为本实用新型的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本实用新型,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本实用新型可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the utility model, and are not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.
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