CN218222737U

CN218222737U - Safe continuous crushing equipment of waste power battery discharge-free

Info

Publication number: CN218222737U
Application number: CN202122917289.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 荀育军; 石淑敏; 周绍煌; 陈君林
Original assignee: Dongguan Chnv Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Dongguan Chnv Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-25
Filing date: 2021-11-25
Publication date: 2023-01-06
Anticipated expiration: 2031-11-25

Abstract

The utility model discloses a safe continuous crushing device without discharging of waste power batteries, which comprises a crushing bin, wherein the top end of the crushing bin is provided with a feeding mechanism, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper and a feeding pipe, and a heavy hammer flap valve is arranged between the feeding hopper and the feeding pipe; a crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing bin and can crush the battery materials fed from the feeding pipe; a discharge port is arranged below the bottom of the crushing bin, and a discharge valve is arranged on the discharge port; the bottom of the crushing bin is provided with a discharge screw which can intensively convey crushed materials to a discharge hole; the upper part of the crushing bin is provided with a liquid inlet and an air inducing port, and the tail gas induced draft fan works to enable the crushing bin to be always in a micro-negative pressure state; a sight glass is arranged on the bin body of the crushing bin. The utility model discloses equipment can realize safety, environmental protection, exempt from to discharge, continuous reliable operation, and production efficiency is high, and the steam that the conversion of simultaneously broken discharge produced can also obtain reasonable, effectively utilize.

Description

Safe continuous crushing equipment of waste power battery discharge-free

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a waste power battery's cyclic regeneration utilizes technical field, and more specifically says, relates to a safe waste power battery continuous crushing equipment that exempts from to discharge.

Background

The waste battery which can not be used in a graded manner has certain electric quantity, such as a 18650 cylindrical battery with the voltage of 3.0V-4.2V, wherein the residual electric quantity is about 200mA.h-2200mA.h, the residual electric quantity of a soft package battery with the weight of 1kg is about 1100mA.h-42000mA.h, and in order to prevent the safety problem caused by the fact that the waste battery is broken and short-circuited and the instant discharge heating is difficult to effectively withdraw, at present, the waste power battery which can not be used in the graded manner and the waste power battery with the service life exhausted in the graded manner is almost used for carrying out chemical discharge on the battery in a mode of being soaked in saline water, then mechanically breaking the battery, and then carrying out smelting reduction in chemical modes such as pyrolysis, acid dissolution, leaching and extraction in sequence, so as to recycle high-value metal materials in the battery.

The brine soaking discharge is the first step of the recovery treatment and the cyclic utilization of the waste power batteries, the adoption of the mode has the advantages of large occupied area, poor operation environment, long discharge time and low production efficiency, the discharge of all the batteries cannot be completely completed in the production process, and the organized discharge of waste water, waste gas and dust generated in the discharge process is difficult to realize, thereby polluting the field environment. The residual electricity quantity of the incompletely discharged battery is discharged in a short circuit manner in the crushing process of the battery, high heat is generated instantly, the battery is difficult to move out quickly, ignition accidents are easy to happen, and great potential safety hazards exist.

Therefore, the technical problems of safety, environmental protection, efficiency and the like in the battery discharging and crushing process faced by the recycling of the power battery are key technologies to be solved at present.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of this, discharge in order to overcome old and useless power battery and the crushing technique exists at present can not be thorough completely, and the breakage has the potential safety hazard problem that catches fire, the utility model provides a safe old and useless power battery exempts from to discharge continuous crushing equipment, but the old and useless power battery of the direct broken recovery of this equipment, and do not need the operation of discharging belongs to a safe, environmental protection, energy-conserving regeneration and utilizes old and useless power battery's continuous crushing equipment, and its specific technical scheme is as follows:

a safe continuous crushing device without discharging of waste power batteries comprises a crushing bin, wherein a feeding mechanism is arranged at the top end of the crushing bin, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper and a feeding pipe, the feeding hopper is located above the feeding mechanism, the feeding pipe is communicated with the bottom end of the feeding hopper, the feeding pipe is fixed at the top of the crushing bin and is communicated with an inner cavity of the crushing bin, and a heavy hammer flap valve is arranged between the feeding hopper and the feeding pipe; the crushing bin is provided with a crushing mechanism, a knife roll in the crushing mechanism extends into an inner cavity of the crushing bin and is transversely arranged in the crushing bin, and the knife roll can crush the battery materials fed from the feeding pipe; a discharge port is arranged below the bottom of the crushing bin, and a discharge valve is arranged on the discharge port; the bottom of the crushing bin is provided with a discharge screw, a spiral structure in the discharge screw extends into an inner cavity of the crushing bin and is transversely arranged in the crushing bin, and the spiral structure can intensively convey crushed materials to the discharge hole; the upper part of the crushing bin is provided with a liquid inlet and an air induction port, the air induction port is sequentially connected with a tail gas induced draft fan and a tail gas treatment system, and the tail gas induced draft fan works to enable the crushing bin to be always in a micro-negative pressure state; and a sight glass for observing the condition of the inner cavity is arranged on the bin body of the crushing bin.

When the device works, the waste power batteries do not need to discharge, and the waste power batteries are directly fed into the crushing bin from the feed hopper through the heavy hammer flap valve to seal and isolate air; the utility model discloses still inject water or other liquid into the broken storehouse through the inlet simultaneously, the water of certain liquid level is equipped with in the broken storehouse, lets equipment during operation crushing mechanism submergence in aqueous, and the battery is broken and is gone on in aqueous, utilizes the thermal capacity of water and water vaporization to absorb the battery of exempting from to discharge when broken, and the surplus electric quantity discharges the heat of releasing at a high speed in the twinkling of an eye because of the short circuit in the battery to avoid the battery surplus electric quantity to release heat because of discharging at a high speed and be difficult to shift out fast and have the potential safety hazard problem of catching fire; the water vapor generated by discharging and heating is led out by a tail gas draught fan through a draught opening of the crushing bin, so that the crushing bin is in a micro-negative pressure state, the micro-negative pressure operation of the crushing mechanism is realized, and the problem of dust escape in the crushing process of the battery is avoided; the steam that generates heat and the air that the feeding leaks into of discharging discharge, discharge through broken storehouse induced air mouth, can not have gas escape outward to finally by tail gas treatment system recovery processing, make the clean, the environment-friendly of whole equipment production field.

Preferably, the feeding hopper is a conical feeding hopper or a rectangular cone feeding hopper which is convenient for feeding.

Preferably, the crushing mechanism is a double-shaft knife roller structure, a three-shaft knife roller structure or a four-shaft knife roller structure, and shearing, tearing and crushing of the battery are completed.

Preferably, the discharge hole is positioned at the bottom of the crushing bin; the spiral blades on two sides of the spiral structure are opposite in direction, and the connecting positions of the two spiral blades are just right above the discharge port, so that the crushed materials on two sides are all conveyed to the discharge port in the middle in a centralized manner and are discharged out of the crushing bin through the relay of the discharge valve.

Preferably, the discharge screw is a shafted screw or a shaftless screw.

Preferably, the discharge valve is a rotary valve.

The utility model provides a discharge valve adopts the rotary valve, has realized that the solid smooth and easy row of liquid expects to make broken storehouse inner chamber and external effectively keep apart, ensure that broken mechanism is in little negative pressure state work, make not have the dust escape problem outward among the battery crushing process, the clean cleanness of production site environment.

Preferably, the upper part of the inner cavity of the crushing bin is further transversely provided with a row of spraying mechanisms, and inlets of the spraying mechanisms are communicated with the liquid inlet.

The utility model provides a broken mechanism also can not soak in aqueous, adopts the mode of spraying with the help of spraying the mechanism and removes heat.

Preferably, still be equipped with level measurement device in the broken storehouse, this level measurement device can be connected with outside controlgear, realizes the automated control of liquid level in the broken storehouse.

Preferably, a pressure monitoring device is arranged at the air inducing port; and a motor frequency converter is arranged on the tail gas draught fan to adjust the rotating speed of the fan.

The rotating speed of the motor is changed by means of the pressure monitoring device and the motor frequency converter, so that the air quantity of the tail gas draught fan is adjusted, and the crushing bin can be always in a micro-negative pressure working state.

Preferably, a set of condensing system is further arranged between the induced air port and the tail gas induced draft fan, the condensing system comprises primary heat exchange equipment and secondary heat exchange equipment, the induced air port is connected with the primary heat exchange equipment, and the primary heat exchange equipment is connected with the secondary heat exchange equipment; an air outlet pipeline of the secondary heat exchange equipment passes through the primary heat exchange equipment, is heated by heat generated by the primary heat exchange equipment through heat exchange, and is connected with the tail gas induced draft fan; steam condensate generated in the primary heat exchange equipment and the secondary heat exchange equipment flows back to the crushing bin through a pipeline, and heat generated by heat exchange in the secondary heat exchange equipment is recovered by recovery equipment.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an advantage does with the beneficial effect who produces:

1. the waste power battery is not required to be discharged and is directly crushed, the discharging process of the waste power battery is omitted, the recovery process is shortened, the defects of large occupied area, poor operation environment, long discharging time, low production efficiency and the like in the brine soaking discharging process are overcome, the production efficiency is improved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by unorganized discharge of waste water, waste gas and dust in the discharging operation is solved.

2. The battery is broken and is gone on under water, has solved the broken discharge heat of remaining capacity in the battery and has been difficult to remove fast the problem, has avoided the broken potential safety hazards such as firing easily of battery that from this produces.

3. The residual electric quantity in the waste battery is converted into water vapor by utilizing crushing discharge, and the water vapor is recycled, so that the conversion from low-grade energy to high-grade energy is realized, and the reasonable and effective utilization is realized.

4. The crushing mechanism is operated in a micro negative pressure state, the problem of gas and dust escape does not exist in the battery crushing process, and the environment of a production site is clean.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a front view of an apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a side view of an apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view of an apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a front view of an apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the operation of the apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the heat recovery system of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-a crushing bin, 2-a feed hopper, 3-a feed pipe, 4-a heavy hammer flap valve, 5-a crushing mechanism, 6-a discharge valve, 7-a discharge screw, 8-a liquid inlet, 9-an air induction port, 10-a tail gas induced draft fan, 11-a tail gas treatment system, 12-a sight glass, 13-a spraying mechanism, 14-a pressure monitoring device, 15-a motor frequency converter, 16-a primary heat exchange device, 17-a secondary heat exchange device and 18-a recovery device.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1-3, the utility model relates to a safe waste power battery exempts from continuous crushing equipment that discharges, including broken storehouse 1, the top in broken storehouse 1 is equipped with feed mechanism, and feed mechanism is including feeder hopper 2 that is located the top, the inlet pipe 3 that is linked together with 2 bottoms of feeder hopper, and conical feeder hopper or the rectangular cone feeder hopper of feeder hopper 2 for making things convenient for the feeding, and inlet pipe 3 is fixed in the top in broken storehouse 1 and is linked together with the inner chamber in broken storehouse 1, is provided with the weight flap valve 4 that plays sealed gas insulation effect between feeder hopper 2 and the inlet pipe 3. The recovered waste power batteries are directly added into a feed hopper 2, sealed and air-isolated by a heavy hammer flap valve 4 and then added into a crushing bin 1 through a feed pipe 3.

Be equipped with crushing mechanism 5 on broken storehouse 1, the rotor in the crushing mechanism 5 stretches into in the inner chamber of broken storehouse 1 to transversely locate in broken storehouse 1, the rotor can carry out the breakage to the battery material who adds from inlet pipe 3.

Further, the crushing mechanism 5 is a double-shaft knife roll structure, a three-shaft knife roll structure, a four-shaft knife roll structure or a knife roll structure with more shafts, so as to ensure that the shearing, tearing and crushing of the battery are completed.

The bottom below of broken storehouse 1 is equipped with the discharge gate, is equipped with discharge valve 6 on the discharge gate. The discharge valve 6 is preferably a rotary valve of conventional rotary valve construction, also known as star discharger, airlock, rotary feeder, etc., consisting of a rotor with several blades, a housing, seals, and a motor, reducer, etc. When the rotor rotates in the cylindrical casing (the discharge port corresponds to the casing in the embodiment), the materials in the equipment fall into the blank spaces among the blades by the dead weight and are discharged along with the rotation of the rotor to the lower part of the materials. The sealing piece arranged at the top of the blade is in close contact with the cavity, so that the upper cavity and the lower cavity are isolated, and the air locking function is realized.

Discharge valve 6 in this embodiment adopts the rotary valve, has not only realized that liquid is solid smoothly to arrange the material, makes 1 inner chamber in broken storehouse effectively keep apart with the external world moreover, ensures that crushing mechanism 5 is in little negative pressure state work for there is not the dust escape problem outward in the broken process of battery, and the production site environment is clean.

The bottom in broken storehouse 1 is equipped with discharge screw 7, and the helical structure in discharge screw 7 stretches into the inner chamber in broken storehouse 1 to transversely locate in broken storehouse 1, helical structure can concentrate the material that is broken and carry to the discharge gate.

Specifically, the discharge hole is positioned at any position of the bottom of the crushing bin 1; the helical blades on the two sides of the helical structure are opposite in direction, and the connecting position of the two helical blades is just right above the discharge hole. The motor drives the two types of helical blades to rotate, so that the crushed battery materials on the two sides can be completely and intensively conveyed to the discharge hole in the middle, and then are discharged out of the crushing bin 1 through the relay of the discharge valve 6.

Meanwhile, the discharging screw 7 in the embodiment can be a screw with a shaft or a screw without a shaft, and can perform the function of conveying and discharging.

The upper portion of broken storehouse 1 is equipped with inlet 8 and induced air mouth 9, and induced air mouth 9 connects gradually tail gas draught fan 10 and tail gas processing system 11, and tail gas draught fan 10 work makes broken storehouse 1 be in the pressure state a little always.

Specifically, inlet 8 is used for annotating water and moisturizing at any time in to broken storehouse 1, guarantees that the liquid level in broken storehouse 1 can let broken mechanism 5 dip, realizes broken battery material under water. The tail gas draught fan 10 can not only lead out the vapor that produces in the broken storehouse 1 and carry out recycle, can also let crushing mechanism 5 work at the little negative pressure state for there is not the dust escape problem in the battery crushing process, and the production site environment is clean.

As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, a pressure monitoring device 14 with an alarm function is further disposed at the induced draft opening 9, and meanwhile, a motor frequency converter 15 is disposed on the tail gas induced draft fan 10 to adjust the rotation speed of the fan, so that the rotation speed of the tail gas induced draft fan 10 is constantly adjusted by automatically changing the power supply frequency of the motor through the frequency converter by means of the pressure monitoring device 14, and it can be ensured that the crushing bin 1 can be always in a micro-negative pressure working state. In FIG. 5, the raw material enters the crushing bin 1 from the position A, the initial water and the make-up water enter from the position B, the crushed material flows to the subsequent process at the position C, and the extracted steam flows to the tail gas treatment system 11 at the position D.

The cabin body of the crushing cabin 1 is provided with a sight glass 12 for observing the condition of the inner cavity, and a worker can directly observe the liquid level in the crushing cabin 1 through the sight glass 12 and can supplement and adjust water through the liquid inlet 8. Furthermore, a liquid level measuring device can be arranged in the crushing bin 1, so that the water level in the crushing bin 1 can be adjusted and controlled by means of an automatic instrument.

In order to further optimize the technical scheme of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, a set of condensing system is further arranged between the air inducing port 9 and the tail gas induced draft fan 10, the condensing system comprises a primary heat exchange device 16 and a secondary heat exchange device 17, the air inducing port 9 of the crushing bin 1 is connected with the primary heat exchange device 16, and the primary heat exchange device 16 is connected with the secondary heat exchange device 17; an air outlet pipeline of the secondary heat exchange device 17 passes through the primary heat exchange device 16, and is connected with the tail gas induced draft fan 10 after being heated by heat generated by heat exchange of the primary heat exchange device 16; steam condensate generated in the primary heat exchange device 16 and the secondary heat exchange device 17 flows back to the crushing bin 1 through pipelines, and heat generated by heat exchange in the secondary heat exchange device 17 is recovered by the recovery device 18.

The steam of the heat production of conversion that discharges, draw forth through the induced air 9 of broken storehouse 1 is concentrated, and condensing system then can pass through one-level indirect heating equipment 16 to the moisture in the steam, secondary indirect heating equipment 17's primary and secondary condensation, retrieve to broken storehouse 1 in, condensing system can also make full use of one-level indirect heating equipment 16 in the heat that the exchange produced to the saturated noncondensable gas that flows out from secondary indirect heating equipment 17, let the unsaturated state that the saturated noncondensable gas becomes suitable (not condensate water formation promptly) by the saturated state, carry it to in the tail gas treatment system 11 again, can avoid causing the damage to pipeline because of water smoke and vapour condense. In addition, the heat generated by the heat exchange in the secondary heat exchange device 17 can be recycled by the recycling device 18. Therefore, the utility model discloses well condensing system's setting up the steam heat that makes the battery residual capacity discharge and produce and obtained more reasonable, effectual utilization.

The device of the utility model adopts the waste battery to directly crush underwater, saves the discharging process, saves a large amount of occupied area of the discharging process, and avoids the potential safety hazard of easy ignition of crushing and the problem of unorganized emission of waste gas, waste liquid and dust generated in the discharging process in the prior art; the operation of 5 little negative pressures of crushing mechanism does not have gas, dust escape problem, and the production site environment is clean, therefore, the utility model discloses equipment can realize safety, environmental protection, exempt from discharge, continuous reliable operation, and production efficiency is high.

The utility model discloses equipment still utilizes the broken discharge under water, produces steam with the residual capacity conversion in the old and useless battery, makes low-grade energy obtain reasonable, effective utilization. Specifically, it is estimated that a 18650 cylindrical battery having a voltage of 3.0V to 4.2V, in which the remaining capacity is about 200ma.h to 2200ma.h, can release 500cal to 8000cal of heat by the entire conversion of the discharge process, and can heat and vaporize water at 25 c to generate water vapor at about 1.4L to 22.0L and 100 c by using the heat.

Example two:

the structure of the safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing equipment in the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment, and the only difference is that a row of spraying mechanisms 13 are transversely arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the crushing bin 1, and the inlets of the spraying mechanisms 13 are communicated with the liquid inlet 8. When the device works, the crushing mechanism 5 is not immersed in water any more, but a liquid spraying mode is adopted to take away heat released by battery discharge, and the same effect as the implementation can be achieved.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A safe continuous crushing device without discharging of waste power batteries is characterized by comprising a crushing bin (1), wherein a feeding mechanism is arranged at the top end of the crushing bin (1), the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper (2) positioned above and a feeding pipe (3) communicated with the bottom end of the feeding hopper (2), the feeding pipe (3) is fixed at the top of the crushing bin (1) and communicated with an inner cavity of the crushing bin (1), and a heavy hammer flap valve (4) is arranged between the feeding hopper (2) and the feeding pipe (3); a crushing mechanism (5) is arranged on the crushing bin (1), a knife roll in the crushing mechanism (5) extends into an inner cavity of the crushing bin (1) and is transversely arranged in the crushing bin (1), and the knife roll can crush battery materials fed from the feeding pipe (3); a discharge hole is formed in the lower portion of the bottom of the crushing bin (1), and a discharge valve (6) is arranged on the discharge hole; the bottom of the crushing bin (1) is provided with an unloading screw (7), a screw structure in the unloading screw (7) extends into an inner cavity of the crushing bin (1) and is transversely arranged in the crushing bin (1), and the screw structure can intensively convey crushed materials to the discharge hole; the upper part of the crushing bin (1) is provided with a liquid inlet (8) and an air induction port (9), the air induction port (9) is sequentially connected with a tail gas induced draft fan (10) and a tail gas treatment system (11), and the tail gas induced draft fan (10) works to enable the crushing bin (1) to be always in a micro-negative pressure state; and a sight glass (12) for observing the condition of the inner cavity is arranged on the bin body of the crushing bin (1).

2. The safe discharge-free continuous crushing equipment for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding hopper (2) is a conical feeding hopper or a rectangular cone feeding hopper.

3. The safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushing mechanism (5) is of a double-shaft knife roller structure, a three-shaft knife roller structure or a four-shaft knife roller structure.

4. A safe discharge-free continuous crushing plant for waste power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge port is located at the bottom of the crushing bin (1); the spiral blades on two sides of the spiral structure are opposite in direction, and the positions where the two spiral blades are connected are just right above the discharge hole.

5. The safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the discharging screw (7) is a screw with or without a shaft.

6. A safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge valve (6) is a rotary valve.

7. The safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein a row of spraying mechanisms (13) is further transversely arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the crushing bin (1), and inlets of the spraying mechanisms (13) are communicated with the liquid inlet (8).

8. The safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a liquid level measuring device is further arranged in the crushing bin (1).

9. The safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a pressure monitoring device (14) is arranged at the air induction opening (9); and a motor frequency converter (15) is arranged on the tail gas draught fan (10) to adjust the rotating speed of the fan.

10. The safe waste power battery discharge-free continuous crushing equipment according to claim 1, wherein a set of condensing system is further arranged between the induced draft opening (9) and the tail gas induced draft fan (10), the condensing system comprises primary heat exchange equipment (16) and secondary heat exchange equipment (17), the induced draft opening (9) is connected with the primary heat exchange equipment (16), and the primary heat exchange equipment (16) is connected with the secondary heat exchange equipment (17); an air outlet pipeline of the secondary heat exchange device (17) passes through the primary heat exchange device (16), is heated by heat generated by heat exchange of the primary heat exchange device (16), and is connected with the tail gas induced draft fan (10); steam condensate generated in the primary heat exchange device (16) and the secondary heat exchange device (17) flows back to the crushing bin (1) through pipelines, and heat generated by heat exchange in the secondary heat exchange device (17) is recovered by a recovery device (18).