CN218215669U

CN218215669U - Low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna

Info

Publication number: CN218215669U
Application number: CN202222475825.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪漪; 王天久; 王勇; 孙中亮; 占兆昕
Original assignee: Shenzhen Huada Beidou Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Huada Beidou Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-19
Filing date: 2022-09-19
Publication date: 2023-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 2032-09-19

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model discloses a low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna, which comprises an antenna bottom plate and an antenna main body fixed on the antenna bottom plate, wherein the upper surface of the antenna bottom plate is grounded by covering copper, and the lower surface is provided with a four-point feed power division network with 90-degree phase difference; the antenna main body comprises a columnar dielectric plate and 4 antenna spiral arm units which are printed on the peripheral surface of the dielectric plate and are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, wherein each antenna spiral arm unit comprises a spiral arm and a parasitic arm which is short-circuited with the spiral arm; one end of each spiral arm is a free end, the other end of each spiral arm is a feeding end, the feeding ends extend to the lower part of the columnar dielectric slab, and the feeding ends of the 4 spiral arms are respectively welded with four feeding ports of a power distribution network on the antenna bottom plate for feeding; the parasitic arm is parallel to the spiral arm, and the bottom of the parasitic arm is folded downwards and is short-circuited with the upper surface of the antenna bottom plate. The utility model discloses support full frequency channel of navigation, wide, the gain of wave width higher, light and with low costs of weight.

Description

Low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, especially, relate to a low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna.

Background

Global satellite navigation system refers to space based radio navigation positioning system that provides users with all weather 3-dimensional coordinates and velocity and time information at any location on the earth's surface or near-earth space, the principle being that the satellite-to-user distance measurement is based on the difference between the time of transmission of the satellite signals and the time of arrival at the receiver, called pseudorange, which requires the reception of at least signals from 4 satellites in order to calculate the three-dimensional position of the user and the receiver clock bias. With the development of global integration, satellite navigation systems have applications in various fields such as aviation, automobile navigation, communication, surveying and mapping, entertainment and the like.

Currently, there are four major satellite positioning systems around the world: the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the united states, the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) in russia, the galileo satellite positioning system in the european space agency, and the beidou navigation satellite positioning system in china.

With the development of navigation systems, navigation antennas increasingly use multi-system multi-frequency high-precision navigation antennas to realize centimeter-level navigation, and because the working frequency bands of various navigation systems are greatly different and various navigation systems need to be used in many cases, a navigation antenna (a circularly polarized antenna with the working frequency band of 1.175GHz to 1.607GHz) supporting all civil navigation systems needs to be invented, and meanwhile, the antenna is required to be high in phase precision and low in cost, and can be used in scenes such as CORS stations and the like which require high-precision positioning.

At present, all-band high-precision antennas on the market are planar antennas, the wave width is narrow, and antennas with wide wave widths (3 dB wave width is more than 120 degrees) are required in many scenes.

In addition, with the development of satellite communication systems, the application range of the satellite internet of things is rapidly increased, and the satellite internet of things antenna also needs an antenna with a wide wave width (3 dB wave width >120 °), such as a cloud satellite receiving antenna and the like.

The prior art antenna has the following disadvantages:

1. the full frequency channel navigation antenna on the existing market adopts range upon range of high-frequency plate design usually, and the high-frequency plate of lower floor adopts the design of four point feed, and thickness 10mm, working frequency range are: 1.175GHz-1.279GHz. The upper high-frequency board also adopts the design of four-point feed, and thickness 6mm, the working frequency channel is: 1.559GHz-1.607GHz. The antenna has the disadvantages of narrow wave width, large mouth surface size (diameter is larger than 110 mm), high cost and heavy weight, and cannot meet the requirement of wave width.

2. The circularly polarized antenna with a wider wave width commonly used in the market at present is a small-size quadrifilar helical antenna, the small-size quadrifilar helical antenna has a small diameter and a low height, the arm length is generally a quarter wavelength, and the circularly polarized antenna has the defects of narrow bandwidth (2% of bandwidth), low gain and incapability of meeting the requirements of bandwidth and gain.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The embodiment of the utility model provides a technical problem that will solve provides a low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna to realize that bandwidth is wide, the wave width is wide, the gain is high, light in weight and effect with low costs.

In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna, including an antenna bottom plate and an antenna main body fixed on the antenna bottom plate, wherein the upper surface of the antenna bottom plate is grounded by covering copper, and the lower surface is provided with a four-point feed power division network with 90 ° phase difference; the antenna main body comprises a columnar dielectric slab and 4 antenna spiral arm units which are printed on the peripheral surface of the dielectric slab and are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, and each antenna spiral arm unit comprises a spiral arm and a parasitic arm which is short-circuited with the spiral arm; one end of each spiral arm is a free end, the other end of each spiral arm is a feeding end, the feeding ends extend to the lower part of the columnar dielectric slab, and the feeding ends of the 4 spiral arms are respectively welded with four feeding ports of a power distribution network on the antenna bottom plate for feeding; the parasitic arm is parallel to the spiral arm, and the bottom of the parasitic arm is folded downwards and is in short circuit with the upper surface of the antenna bottom plate.

Further, the columnar dielectric plate is of a hollow cylindrical structure.

Further, the arm length of the spiral arm adopts a 3/4 wavelength design.

Further, the width ratio of the parasitic arm to the spiral arm is 1:7.5.

further, the gap between the parasitic arm and the spiral arm is 0.25mm.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

1. the utility model discloses increase the parasitic arm of short circuit on the spiral arm after, the mutual coupling effect between spiral arm and the parasitic arm has improved the matching degree, has increased the bandwidth, can make the bandwidth increase to 30% through the width ratio and the clearance of adjustment parasitic arm and spiral arm, realizes navigating full frequency channel easily.

2. The utility model discloses the arm length of spiral arm adopts the design of 3/4 wavelength, and 120-170 can be realized to 3dB wave width scope, and the low angle of elevation receptivity and the receptivity of qxcomm technology of better realization.

3. The utility model discloses the arm length of spiral arm adopts the design of 3/4 wavelength, through the correct selection spiral parameter, can obtain high front-to-back ratio and good circular polarization simultaneously, and circular polarization performance reaches the level of measurement type high accuracy antenna.

4. The utility model discloses the arm length of spiral arm adopts the design of 3/4 wavelength, and antenna impedance is close 50 ohm, and the bandwidth broad even do not do the method of any exhibition broad bandwidth and also can realize 8% bandwidth, and the bandwidth can increase to 30% behind the increase short circuit parasitic arm.

5. The utility model discloses a column dielectric plate is ordinary flexible panel, does not have special requirement to panel thickness and dielectric constant, and the bottom plate is ordinary FR4 board, low in material cost, light in weight.

6. The utility model discloses a bottom plate size is enough big, so the utility model discloses a 90 of four-point feed differ the network can be made by the microstrip line on the bottom plate, greatly reduced cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective structural view of an angle of a low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a perspective structural view of another angle of the low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the antenna base plate according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a parameter labeled diagram of another angle of the low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a simulation result diagram of a low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

The antenna comprises an antenna bottom plate 1, a columnar dielectric plate 2, a spiral arm 3, a parasitic arm 4, a power distribution network 5 and a feed port 6.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In the embodiment of the present invention, if there is a directional indication (such as upper, lower, left, right, front, and rear … …) only for explaining the relative position relationship between the components and the motion situation under a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.

In addition, the descriptions of the first, second, etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying any relative importance or implicit indication of the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an antenna base plate and an antenna main body fixed on the antenna base plate. In specific implementation, the antenna main body can be welded on the antenna base plate.

The upper surface of the antenna bottom plate is grounded by covering copper, and the lower surface is provided with a four-point feed power division network with 90-degree phase difference. The power division network with the four-point feed and the 90-degree phase difference can be manufactured on the bottom plate by microstrip lines, so that the cost is greatly reduced. The antenna main body comprises a columnar dielectric plate and 4 antenna spiral arm units which are printed on the peripheral surface of the dielectric plate and are uniformly distributed at equal intervals. The four antenna spiral arm units have the same structure, are printed on the outer surface of the columnar dielectric slab and are uniformly distributed on the outer surface at equal distances.

The antenna spiral arm unit comprises a spiral arm and a parasitic arm, and the top of the parasitic arm is short-circuited with the top of the spiral arm. One end of the spiral arm is a free end, and the other end of the spiral arm is a feed end. The feed end extends to the lower part of the columnar dielectric plate and is welded with the feed point. The feed ends of the 4 spiral arms are respectively welded with four feed ports (feed points) of the power dividing network on the antenna bottom plate for feeding. The parasitic arm is parallel to the spiral arm, and the bottom of the parasitic arm is folded downwards and is short-circuited with the upper surface of the antenna bottom plate. The utility model discloses a parasitic arm of short circuit and spiral arm link to each other, realize the broadband through the intercoupling of parasitic arm and spiral arm and match.

In one embodiment, the columnar dielectric slab has a hollow cylindrical structure as a whole, i.e., a cylindrical shape. The columnar dielectric slab can also be a columnar structure with other shapes, and when the columnar dielectric slab is implemented, a common flexible plate can be adopted, and no special requirements are required on the thickness and the dielectric constant of the plate. Preferably, the diameter of the bottom plate of the antenna is 43mm, the diameter of the columnar dielectric plate is 34mm, and the height of the bottom plate of the antenna is 129mm (the size is a typical size of a navigation full-frequency-band design and can be modified according to actual requirements, and the performance of the bottom plate of the antenna also changes accordingly). The size is optimally designed according to wave width >120 and gain >4 dB.

As an embodiment, the arm length of the spiral arm is designed by 3/4 wavelength. The spiral arm corresponds the center frequency channel of GNSS antenna, and the arm length is three-quarters center frequency channel wavelength, and characteristic impedance is close 50 ohm, and when not increasing parasitic arm, the bandwidth is about 8%, increases parasitic arm after, and the bandwidth can increase to 30%, can support the full frequency channel of GNSS. The utility model discloses support the full frequency channel of GNSS.

The utility model discloses a four arm helical antenna design of opening a way design of arm length for 3/4 wavelength has realized wide wave beam high accuracy antenna on cylinder PCB antenna.

The mutual coupling between the spiral arm and the parasitic arm improves the matching degree, increases the bandwidth, and can increase the bandwidth to 30% by adjusting the width ratio and the gap of the parasitic arm and the spiral arm (although other various technologies can increase the bandwidth, the simplest is to increase the width of the radiating arm, but no technology can realize the bandwidth exceeding 15%), according to the simulation, when the width ratio of the parasitic arm to the spiral arm is 1: the bandwidth is maximum when 7.5 and the gap between the parasitic arm and the spiral arm is 0.25mm.

According to FIG. 4: according to emulation and actual measurement, the utility model discloses support the full frequency channel of GNSS, the utility model discloses typical parameter value as follows:

Dh=34mm, Hh=129mm, Hf=5mm, Wr=15mm, Wp=2mm, S=9mm,Wc=0.25mm,φ=50°

the diameter of the antenna substrate can be selected according to practical requirements, and is temporarily set to 43mm in the embodiment.

The simulation results are shown in FIG. 6:

referring to fig. 1-4, the antenna base plate is located below the antenna body, the diameter of the antenna base plate is 43mm, the upper surface of the antenna base plate is covered with copper and paved with ground, and the lower surface of the antenna base plate is provided with a four-point feeding power division network with 90-degree phase difference. The size of the antenna bottom plate is enough to print 1 four-point feed 90-degree phase difference microstrip power division network on the electric plate, in the embodiment of the utility model, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, what was adopted is the microstrip power division network of wilkinson power divider.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the phase difference between the first, second, third and fourth feeding ports is sequentially 90 °.

The four spiral arm feed ends on the antenna main body are respectively connected with the four feed ports on the antenna base plate in a welding mode, so that the phases of the four antenna spiral arm units are sequentially different by 90 degrees, and the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna is realized, as shown in fig. 3.

The utility model discloses support broad frequency channel (like the full frequency channel of navigation), wave width (3 dB wave width >120 degree), gain is higher (> 4dBi degree), weight is light and with low costs.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna comprises an antenna base plate and an antenna main body fixed on the antenna base plate, and is characterized in that the upper surface of the antenna base plate is grounded by covering copper, and the lower surface is provided with a four-point feed power division network with 90-degree phase difference; the antenna main body comprises a columnar dielectric slab and 4 antenna spiral arm units which are printed on the peripheral surface of the dielectric slab and are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, and each antenna spiral arm unit comprises a spiral arm and a parasitic arm which is short-circuited with the spiral arm; one end of each spiral arm is a free end, the other end of each spiral arm is a feeding end, the feeding ends extend to the lower part of the columnar dielectric slab, and the feeding ends of the 4 spiral arms are respectively welded with four feeding ports of a power distribution network on the antenna bottom plate for feeding; the parasitic arm is parallel to the spiral arm, and the bottom of the parasitic arm is folded downwards and is short-circuited with the upper surface of the antenna bottom plate.

2. The low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical dielectric plate is a hollow cylinder.

3. The low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna according to claim 1, wherein the arms of the helix arm are designed to have a 3/4 wavelength.

4. The low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the width of the parasitic arm to the width of the helical arm is 1:7.5.

5. the low-cost high-gain full-band quadrifilar helix antenna according to claim 4, wherein the gap between the parasitic arm and the helical arm is 0.25mm.