CN218215376U - Fuel cell thermal management system - Google Patents
Fuel cell thermal management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN218215376U CN218215376U CN202221045360.XU CN202221045360U CN218215376U CN 218215376 U CN218215376 U CN 218215376U CN 202221045360 U CN202221045360 U CN 202221045360U CN 218215376 U CN218215376 U CN 218215376U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model provides a fuel cell heat management system, including galvanic pile, circulation jar, heat exchanger, first circulating water pipeline, second circulating water pipeline, electron three-way valve and cooling water circulation pipeline. The electronic three-way valve is communicated with the first circulating water pipeline and the second circulating water pipeline and respectively controls the conduction of the first circulating water pipeline or the second circulating water pipeline according to the heat in the electric pile. The technical scheme of the utility model in, when the pile needs great heat dissipation capacity, the switching on of second circulating water line is opened to electron three-way valve, and the circulating water flows along second circulation inner loop promptly. When the electric pile needs small heat dissipation capacity, the electronic three-way valve opens the conduction of the first circulating water pipeline, namely circulating water flows along the first circulating inner loop. Therefore, the utility model discloses a fuel cell thermal management system can be accurate, convenient, timely control stack's access & exit temperature difference to the minimum, reaches the optimum temperature of stack electrochemical reaction, the output of maximize stack.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel cell technical field especially relates to fuel cell thermal management system.
Background
Factors affecting the performance of a fuel cell engine are many, with temperature having a large effect on stack performance. When the fuel cell engine works, the electric pile continuously generates heat, and if the generated heat is not exhausted in time, the temperature of the electric pile is gradually increased. On one hand, the catalyst activity can be improved by increasing the temperature, and the proton transfer speed on the proton exchange membrane is improved, so that the electrochemical reaction speed is improved, the reaction current is increased, and the performance of the galvanic pile is improved. The water produced by the fuel cell reaction also increases with the rate of the reaction gas exhaust. Because the moisture content can influence the wet condition of the proton exchange membrane, when the temperature is too high, the proton exchange membrane can generate dehydration phenomenon, the electrical conductivity is reduced, and the performance of the galvanic pile is poor. In addition, because the proton exchange membrane is a polymer electrolyte, when the temperature is close to 100 ℃, the strength of the membrane is reduced, if the temperature is not reduced in time, micropores of the membrane can be mixed with air through the micropores, and the operation safety is influenced. When the internal temperature of the galvanic pile is too low, the activity of the catalyst is reduced, the output voltage is reduced, and the performance of the galvanic pile is deteriorated. Therefore, the optimum operating temperature range for maintaining normal electrochemical reactions inside the stack should be maintained at 70-80 ℃.
Therefore, the fuel cell thermal management system plays an important role in the performance, service life and safety of the fuel cell, so that an effective thermal management system can maintain the safe, stable and efficient operation of the fuel cell at 70-80 ℃. The heat management system of the fuel cell mainly controls the reaction temperature of hydrogen and air by flowing cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack to transfer heat, thereby keeping the heat balance in the stack.
The existing fuel cell thermal management system is single, only a single water path circulating system is used, and the cooling liquid adopts expensive deionized water cooling liquid, so that the deionized water cooling liquid and a device thereof need to be replaced regularly, the operation and maintenance cost is high, the cooling purpose can be achieved, heat cannot be provided for the electric pile in a low-temperature environment, the activity of a catalyst is low, and the electrochemical reaction in the electric pile is slow. Although research has been conducted on a thermal management system using a two-water-path circulation system with a heat exchanger, wherein one circulation water path is used for heat exchange of heat in the stack in the heat exchanger, and the other circulation water path is used for providing condensed water to the heat exchanger, the amount of heat generated in the stack usually varies greatly, and heat exchange is performed only through one circulation water path, so that the temperature in the stack cannot be timely controlled to the optimal working temperature range.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Based on the above problem, the utility model aims at providing a fuel cell thermal management system, its access & exit temperature difference that can be accurate, convenient, timely control galvanic pile is to very little, reaches best operating temperature scope, the output of maximize galvanic pile in making the galvanic pile.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fuel cell thermal management system, comprising:
the galvanic pile supplies hydrogen and air to carry out electrochemical reaction;
the circulating tank is used for storing water and is internally provided with a heating element;
the heat exchanger is communicated with a cooling water circulating pipeline, and the cooling water circulating pipeline provides cooling water into the heat exchanger;
a first circulation water line independent of the cooling water circulation line and passing through the stack and the heat exchanger to form a first in-circulation loop;
a second circulation water line independent from the cooling water circulation line and passing through the stack, the heat exchanger, and the circulation tank to form a second in-circulation loop;
and an electronic three-way valve communicating the first and second circulating water lines and respectively controlling the communication of the first or second circulating water lines according to the heat in the stack.
The utility model discloses a technical scheme in, cooling water is provided so that the heat exchanger carries out the heat exchange in the cooling water circulating line is to the heat exchanger, and cooling water circulating line and first circulating water line and second circulating water line independently set up, can conveniently change cooling water and corresponding device, the running cost is low. In addition, the heating element is arranged in the circulating tank, and in the initial stage of the electrochemical reaction of the galvanic pile, the heating element heats water in the circulating tank, so that heat can be provided for the inside of the galvanic pile to ensure that the electrochemical reaction reaches the optimal reaction temperature. The electronic three-way valve is communicated with the first circulating water pipeline and the second circulating water pipeline and respectively controls the conduction of the first circulating water pipeline or the second circulating water pipeline according to the heat in the electric pile, in other words, when the electric pile needs larger heat dissipation capacity, the electronic three-way valve is opened to conduct the second circulating water pipeline, namely circulating water flows along the second circulating inner loop. When the electric pile needs small heat dissipation capacity, the electronic three-way valve opens the conduction of the first circulating water pipeline, namely circulating water flows along the first circulating inner loop. Therefore, the utility model discloses a fuel cell thermal management system can be accurate, convenient, timely control stack's access & exit temperature difference to the minimum, reaches stack electrochemical reaction's optimum temperature, the output of maximize stack.
As an embodiment, a first circulating water pump is arranged between the galvanic pile and the circulating tank, and a one-way valve is arranged between the first circulating water pump and the circulating tank.
As an embodiment, a temperature sensor is disposed on an outlet side of the electric pile, and the temperature sensor and the electronic three-way valve are both connected to a central controller.
As an embodiment, an electric ball valve is arranged between the electric pile and the heat exchanger, the central controller is connected with a PID controller, the central controller receives an electric signal provided by the temperature sensor and provides a cooling instruction to the PID controller, and the PID controller controls the opening degree of the electric ball valve.
As an embodiment, the first circulation water line is connected to the cell stack, the temperature sensor, the electric ball valve, the heat exchanger, the electronic three-way valve, and the first circulation water pump in this order to form the first circulation inner loop, and the second circulation water line is connected to the cell stack, the temperature sensor, the electric ball valve, the heat exchanger, the electronic three-way valve, the circulation tank, the check valve, and the first circulation water pump in this order to form the second circulation inner loop.
In one embodiment, the upper part of the circulation tank is provided with a water inlet, the lower part of the circulation tank is provided with a water outlet, the water inlet is connected with the electronic three-way valve, and the water outlet is connected with the one-way valve.
As an embodiment, the heat exchanger includes a first cavity and a second cavity spaced from and surrounding the first cavity, the first cavity receives the circulating water from the stack, and the second cavity receives the cooling water from the cooling water circulating line.
As an embodiment, the top of the heat exchanger is provided with a circulating water outlet and a circulating water inlet which are connected with the first circulating water pipeline, and the side wall of the heat exchanger is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet which are connected with the cooling water circulating pipeline.
In one embodiment, the cooling water circulation line is connected to a cooling tower and a second water circulation pump, and the cooling water circulation line is connected to the cooling tower, the second water circulation pump and the heat exchanger in sequence to form an external circulation loop.
As an embodiment, the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS IN THE DRAWINGS
100-a fuel cell thermal management system; 10-electric pile; 11-a water inlet; 13-water outlet; 15-a central controller; 17-a PID controller; 20-a circulation tank; 21-a heating element; 23-water inlet; 25-a water outlet; 30-a heat exchanger; 31-a first cavity; 32-a second cavity; 33-circulating water inlet; 34-a circulating water outlet; 35-cooling water outlet; 36-cooling water inlet; 40-cooling water circulation line; 41-a second circulating water pump; 43-a cooling tower; 50-a first recycle water line; 51-a temperature sensor; 53-electric ball valve; 60-a second recycle water line; 61-a one-way valve; 63-a first circulating water pump; 70-electronic three-way valve
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only for further explanation of the present invention, and should not be taken as a limitation of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell thermal management system 100 includes a stack 10, a circulation tank 20, a heat exchanger 30, a first circulation water line 50, a second circulation water line 60, an electronic three-way valve 70, and a cooling water circulation line 40.
The stack 10 generates electric energy by electrochemically reacting hydrogen and air. The stack 10 may include a hydrogen gas connection port (not shown) for supplying hydrogen gas, an air connection port (not shown) for supplying air, and an exhaust gas discharge port. The stack 10 may further include a water inlet 11 connected to the circulation tank 20 and a water outlet 13 connected to the heat exchanger 30. A temperature sensor 51 is arranged on the outlet side (close to the water outlet 13) of the electric pile 10, and an electric ball valve 53 is arranged between the electric pile 10 and the heat exchanger 30.
The circulation tank 20 is used for storing water and is internally provided with a heating element 21, the heating element 21 can be a heating rod or a heating wire, the heating element 21 can heat the water in the circulation tank 20, and the heated water enters the galvanic pile 10 from the circulation tank 20 at the initial stage of the electrochemical reaction of the galvanic pile 10, so that heat can be provided for the interior of the galvanic pile 10 to ensure that the electrochemical reaction reaches the optimal reaction temperature. The upper part of the circulating tank 10 is provided with a water inlet 23, the lower part is provided with a water outlet 25, the water inlet 23 is connected with an electronic three-way valve 70, and the water outlet 25 is connected with the galvanic pile 10.
The heat exchanger 30 is communicated with a cooling water circulation line 40, and the cooling water circulation line 40 supplies cooling water into the heat exchanger 30. The heat exchanger 30 may be a plate type heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger 30 includes a first chamber 31 and a second chamber 32 spaced apart from the first chamber 31 and surrounding the first chamber 31, the first chamber 31 receiving the circulating water from the stack 10, and the second chamber 32 receiving the cooling water from the cooling water circulation line 40. The top of the heat exchanger 30 is provided with a circulating water outlet 34 and a circulating water inlet 33 connected with a first circulating water pipeline 50, and the side wall is provided with a cooling water inlet 36 and a cooling water outlet 35 connected with a cooling water circulating pipeline 40. The cooling water circulation line 40 connects the cooling tower 43 and the second circulation water pump 41, and the cooling water circulation line 40 sequentially connects the cooling tower 43, the second circulation water pump 41, and the heat exchanger 30 to constitute an external circulation circuit.
The first circulation water line 50 is independent of the cooling water circulation line 40 and passes through the stack 10 and the heat exchanger 30 to form a first in-circulation loop. The second circulation water line 60 is independent of the cooling water circulation line 40 and passes through the stack 10, the heat exchanger 30, and the circulation tank 20 to form a second in-circulation loop. The electronic three-way valve 70 communicates the first and second circulation water lines 50 and 60 and controls the conduction of the first and second circulation water lines 50 and 60, respectively, according to the heat in the stack 10. Specifically, a first circulating water pump 63 is provided between the cell stack 10 and the circulation tank 20, and a check valve 61 is provided between the first circulating water pump 63 and the circulation tank 20. The first circulation water line 50 is connected to the stack 10, the temperature sensor 51, the electric ball valve 53, the heat exchanger 30, the electronic three-way valve 70, and the first circulation water pump 63 in this order to constitute a first circulation internal circuit, and the second circulation water line 60 is connected to the stack 10, the temperature sensor 51, the electric ball valve 53, the heat exchanger 30, the electronic three-way valve 70, the circulation tank 20, the check valve 61, and the first circulation water pump 63 in this order to constitute a second circulation internal circuit.
The utility model discloses a heating member 21, first circulating water pump 63, electric ball valve 53, electron three-way valve 70, temperature sensor 51, PID controller 17 all connect in central controller 15. The central controller 15 is typically a computer, and is used for collecting various data, applying the data to software for calculation, and issuing commands. The central controller 15 receives the electric signal provided by the temperature sensor 51 to give a command to the heater 21 whether or not it needs to be activated to heat the water in the circulation tank 20, thereby providing heat to the early stage of the electrochemical reaction of the stack 10 by the activation of the first circulation water pump 63. When the central controller 15 receives the electric signal provided by the temperature sensor 51 and needs cooling processing, the central controller sends a cooling command to the PID controller 17, and the PID controller 17 controls the opening degree of the electric ball valve 53. And, the central controller 15 receives the intensity of the electric signal supplied by the temperature sensor 51 and analyzes it, sending an instruction to the electronic three-way valve 70 to open the first circulating water line 50 or the second circulating water line 60.
In the actual operation process, the initial stage of the electrochemical reaction of the electric pile 10 needs to be heated, the central controller 15 controls the heating element 21 to heat the water in the circulation tank 20, and after the water reaches a certain temperature, the heated water enters the electric pile 10 through the water inlet 11 by the first circulating water pump 63, so as to provide an optimal temperature environment for the electrochemical reaction in the electric pile 10. Then, as time goes on, the power of the electric pile 10 rises, the internal temperature increases, at this time, the electric pile 10 needs to be rapidly radiated, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 51 at the water outlet 13 of the electric pile 10 rises and is transmitted to the electric central controller 15 through an electric signal, the central controller 15 makes a judgment through internal software calculation, namely the electric pile 10 needs to be cooled, and sends an instruction to the PID controller 17, and the PID controller 17 controls the opening degree of the electric ball valve 53, so that the water quantity of the water in the electric pile 10 entering the heat exchanger 30 is controlled. The larger the amount of water entering the heat exchanger 10, the faster the stack 10 body dissipates heat. When the temperature of the heat-exchanged water in the first cavity 31 of the heat exchanger 30 is higher, the cooling water circulation line 40 is opened to introduce the cooling water in the cooling tower 43 into the second cavity 33 of the heat exchanger 10. In addition, when the stack 10 is operated at high power for a long time and a large amount of heat exchange is required, the electronic three-way valve 70 opens the valve toward the circulation tank 20 and closes the valve toward the first circulation water pump 63, so that a large amount of water in the circulation tank 20 flows into the stack 10 and enters the heat exchanger 30 for heat dissipation. In other words, when the stack 10 requires a large amount of heat dissipation, the electronic three-way valve 70 opens the second circulation water line 60, i.e., the circulation water flows along the second circulation internal loop. When the stack 10 requires a small heat dissipation, the electronic three-way valve 70 opens the first circulation water line 50, i.e. the circulation water flows along the first circulation inner loop. Therefore, the utility model discloses a fuel cell thermal management system 100 can be accurate, convenient, timely control the access & exit temperature difference of galvanic pile to minimum, reaches galvanic pile 10 electrochemical reaction's optimum temperature, maximize galvanic pile 10's output.
It should be finally noted that the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, but those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or substituted equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell thermal management system, comprising:
the galvanic pile supplies hydrogen and air to carry out electrochemical reaction;
the circulating tank is used for storing water and is internally provided with a heating element;
the heat exchanger is communicated with a cooling water circulating pipeline, and the cooling water circulating pipeline provides cooling water into the heat exchanger;
a first circulating water line independent of the cooling water circulating line and passing through the stack and the heat exchanger to form a first in-circulation loop;
a second circulation water line independent from the cooling water circulation line and passing through the stack, the heat exchanger, and the circulation tank to form a second in-circulation loop;
and the electronic three-way valve is communicated with the first circulating water pipeline and the second circulating water pipeline and respectively controls the conduction of the first circulating water pipeline or the second circulating water pipeline according to the heat in the electric pile.
2. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, wherein a first circulating water pump is disposed between the stack and the circulation tank, and a check valve is disposed between the first circulating water pump and the circulation tank.
3. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 2, wherein an outlet side of the stack is provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor and the electronic three-way valve are both connected to a central controller.
4. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 3, wherein an electric ball valve is disposed between the stack and the heat exchanger, the central controller is connected to a PID controller, the central controller receives the electric signal provided by the temperature sensor and provides a cooling command to the PID controller, and the PID controller controls the opening degree of the electric ball valve.
5. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 4, wherein the first circulation water line connects the stack, the temperature sensor, the electric ball valve, the heat exchanger, the electric three-way valve, and the first circulation water pump in this order to constitute the first in-circulation loop, and the second circulation water line connects the stack, the temperature sensor, the electric ball valve, the heat exchanger, the electric three-way valve, the circulation tank, the check valve, and the first circulation water pump in this order to constitute the second in-circulation loop.
6. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the circulation tank has a water inlet at an upper portion thereof and a water outlet at a lower portion thereof, the water inlet being connected to the electronic three-way valve, and the water outlet being connected to the check valve.
7. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a first cavity containing circulating water from the stack and a second cavity surrounding the first cavity containing cooling water from the cooling water circulation line.
8. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is provided at a top thereof with a circulating water outlet and a circulating water inlet connected to the first circulating water line, and at a side wall thereof with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet connected to the cooling water circulating line.
9. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 7, wherein the cooling water circulation line is connected to a cooling tower and a second water circulation pump, and the cooling water circulation line is connected to the cooling tower, the second water circulation pump and the heat exchanger in sequence to form an external circulation loop.
10. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221045360.XU CN218215376U (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Fuel cell thermal management system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221045360.XU CN218215376U (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Fuel cell thermal management system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN218215376U true CN218215376U (en) | 2023-01-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202221045360.XU Active CN218215376U (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Fuel cell thermal management system |
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| CN (1) | CN218215376U (en) |
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- 2022-04-29 CN CN202221045360.XU patent/CN218215376U/en active Active
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