CN218099813U - Polarization maintaining system and equipment comprising beam splitter - Google Patents
Polarization maintaining system and equipment comprising beam splitter Download PDFInfo
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- CN218099813U CN218099813U CN202221990769.9U CN202221990769U CN218099813U CN 218099813 U CN218099813 U CN 218099813U CN 202221990769 U CN202221990769 U CN 202221990769U CN 218099813 U CN218099813 U CN 218099813U
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Abstract
A polarization maintaining system and apparatus including a beam splitter, the polarization maintaining system being a system having a polarization information maintaining function, comprising: comprises a light source, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter and an object stage; the reflecting surface of the first beam splitter is orthogonal to the reflecting surface of the second beam splitter, the polarized light emitted by the light source sequentially passes through the beam splitting surfaces of the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter to form reflected light, the reflected light enters the sample on the objective table, the sample on the objective table is excited by the reflected light to generate signal light, and the signal light enters the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter along the direction opposite to the reflected light and is transmitted out through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter. The invention flexibly applies the beam splitter to tightly combine the reflection polarization maintaining and the transmission light, and is beneficial to promoting the development of the laser communication and other technologies.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a laser communication and optical measurement technical field, concretely relates to polarization maintaining system who contains beam splitter and equipment including this polarization maintaining system.
Background
The polarized light can be applied to laser communication and polarization simulation technologies. In the field of laser communication, quantum key distribution technology is most easily realized in free space quantum communication at present, a carrier of quantum information in the technology is a polarization state of photons, the polarization state of the photons can replace a classical binary code (bit) to encode signals, the distribution of quantum keys is realized, the purpose of quantum secret communication is achieved, and meanwhile, polarized light is also applied to numerous subject fields such as bionics, computer software science, physics and the like to detect and analyze the polarization state of the polarized light. Therefore, when the polarized light propagates in the optical system, the retention (i.e., polarization retention) of the polarization information is important. In the prior art, a reflecting mirror or an optical fiber is mostly adopted to maintain the polarization state of polarized light, and the systems only realize one of reflection polarization maintaining or transmission polarization maintaining and cannot meet the flexible application of the polarization state of the polarized light.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a polarization maintaining system containing beam splitter adopts the beam splitter of quadrature each other, when effectively solving polarized light and propagating in optical system, and optical element can change the problem of the polarization state of polarized light, reaches polarization maintaining effect, uses the beam splitter in a flexible way simultaneously and keeps partially and the transmitted light combines closely with the reflection. The orthogonalization includes orthogonalization of a reflecting surface and orthogonalization of a transmitting surface, the reflecting surface is a plane formed by a reflected light ray and a normal, the transmitting surface is a plane formed by a transmitted light ray and a normal, and the normal is a normal of a beam splitting surface of the beam splitter.
The utility model provides a polarization maintaining system comprising a beam splitter, which comprises a light source, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter and an objective table; the reflecting surface of the first beam splitter is orthogonal to the reflecting surface of the second beam splitter, the polarized light emitted by the light source sequentially passes through the beam splitting surfaces of the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter to form reflected light, the reflected light enters the sample on the objective table, the sample on the objective table is excited by the reflected light to generate signal light, and the signal light enters the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter along the direction opposite to the reflected light and is transmitted out through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter.
Optionally, the polarization maintaining system including the beam splitter provided by the present invention further includes a microscope objective or a convex lens disposed between the second beam splitter and the stage; and/or further comprises a bottom surface reflecting mirror which is arranged below the object stage and has a mirror surface facing the object stage.
Optionally, the optical performance of the beam splitting surfaces of the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter is the same.
Optionally, the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter are both depolarizing beam splitters.
Optionally, the light source includes a laser, a polarizer, a half-wave plate, and a detachable quarter-wave plate, the laser, the polarizer, and the half-wave plate are sequentially fixed in the optical path, and the quarter-wave plate is configured to be able to be moved into or out of the optical path.
Optionally, the utility model provides a pair of contain polarization maintaining system of beam splitter still includes a third beam splitter, the transmission face of second beam splitter with the transmission face of third beam splitter is orthogonal each other, through the transmitted light that the beam splitting face transmission of second beam splitter goes out gets into the beam splitting face of third beam splitter, through the beam splitting face transmission of third beam splitter goes out.
Optionally, the polarization maintaining system including the beam splitter provided by the present invention further includes a fourth beam splitter and a fifth beam splitter, wherein the reflection surface of the fourth beam splitter and the reflection surface of the fifth beam splitter are orthogonal to each other, and the transmission light transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the fourth beam splitter and the fifth beam splitter in sequence; the optical performance of the beam splitting surfaces of the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter is the same, and the optical performance of the beam splitting surfaces of the fourth beam splitter and the fifth beam splitter is the same.
Optionally, the third beam splitter is located in the optical path between the second beam splitter and the fourth beam splitter, or the third beam splitter is located in the optical path between the fourth beam splitter and the fifth beam splitter.
Optionally, the polarization maintaining system including the beam splitter provided by the present invention further includes a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror, wherein the reflecting surface of the first reflecting mirror and the reflecting surface of the second reflecting mirror are orthogonal to each other, and the transmitted light transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror in sequence; the optical performance of the beam splitting surfaces of the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter is the same, and the optical performance of the mirror surfaces of the first mirror and the second mirror is the same.
Optionally, the utility model provides a pair of polarization maintaining system who contains beam splitter, the third beam splitter is located the light path the second beam splitter with between the first mirror, perhaps the third beam splitter is located the light path first mirror with between the second mirror.
The utility model also provides an equipment of including above-mentioned polarization maintaining system.
The utility model provides a polarization maintaining system containing beam splitter utilizes the beam splitter of quadrature each other to realize the inseparable combination with reflection polarization maintaining and transmission light.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment 1 of the polarization maintaining system provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment 2 of the polarization maintaining system provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment 3 of the polarization maintaining system provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment 4 of the polarization maintaining system provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a light source structure of a polarization maintaining system according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is another schematic diagram of a polarization maintaining system provided by the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1: first beam splitter
2: second beam splitter
3: third beam splitter
4: laser device
5: microscope objective
6: object stage
7: light source
8: signal light
9: fourth beam splitter
10: fifth beam splitter
13: polarizing plate
14: half wave plate
15: detachable quarter wave plate
16: polarization analyzer
17: reflected light
19: first reflector
20: second reflecting mirror
Detailed Description
Example 1.
Referring to fig. 1, embodiment 1 provides a polarization maintaining system including a beam splitter, which includes a light source 7, a first beam splitter 1, a second beam splitter 2, and a stage 6. The beam splitting face of the first beam splitter 1 is parallel to the y-direction and at an angle of 45 ° to the x-direction, and the beam splitting face of the second beam splitter 2 is parallel to the z-direction and at an angle of 45 ° to the x-direction. In the application document, an angle a is formed between a plane and a coordinate axis direction, which means that a coordinate origin of the coordinate axis is taken as a center of the circle, the coordinate axis direction rotates counterclockwise around the center of the circle by an angle a, the range of the rotation angle a is 0 to 180 °, for example, a beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1 forms an angle of 45 ° with an x direction, which means that the beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1 takes the coordinate origin of the x axis as the center of the circle, and the x direction rotates counterclockwise around the center of the circle by an angle of 45 ° to reach the beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1. Thus, the reflective surface of the first beam splitter 1 and the reflective surface of the second beam splitter 2 are orthogonal to each other, i.e. the reflective surface of the first beam splitter 1 is plane x-z and the reflective surface of the second beam splitter 2 is plane x-y.
The polarized light emitted by the light source 7 sequentially passes through the beam splitting surfaces of the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2 to form reflected light 17, the reflected light 17 enters a sample (not shown in the figure) on the object stage 6, the sample on the object stage 6 is excited by the reflected light 17 to generate signal light 8, and the signal light 8 enters the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 along the direction opposite to the reflected light 17 and is transmitted out through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2.
Specifically, the polarized light emitted from the light source 7 enters the beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1 at an incident angle of 45 ° in the z direction, is reflected in the negative x direction at a reflection angle of 45 ° by the beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1, the reflected light enters the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 at an incident angle of 45 °, is reflected in the negative y direction at a reflection angle of 45 ° by the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2, and the reflected light 17 enters the stage 6 as excitation light; the sample on the stage 6 is excited by reflected light 17 to generate signal light 8, such as fluorescence, reflected light, etc. The signal light 8 enters the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 at an incident angle of 45 ° in the y direction, and is transmitted in the y direction through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2. Thus, the polarization of the reflected light is maintained by the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2, and the reflected light is combined with the transmitted light by the second beam splitter 2 skillfully. The sample is excited by the reflected light 17 to generate the signal light 8, where "excited" may be light emitted autonomously after the sample is excited, light reflected after the reflected light 17 is irradiated to the sample, or light further modulated or processed after the reflected light 17 is irradiated to the sample. Illustratively, the sample may be any one or a combination of: objects with optical reflection interfaces such as silicon chips, crystals and glass, objects which can be penetrated by liquid solvents and the like, objects with micro-nano structures, cells, microorganisms and the like. Under different samples and application scenes, the reflected light 17 enters the samples and is excited to generate the signal light 8, and different excitation and collection light paths can be adopted. The polarization maintaining system shown in fig. 1 further comprises a microscope objective 5 arranged between the second beam splitter 2 and the stage 6. The reflected light 17 is focused as excitation light by the microscope objective 5 into the stage 6. Alternatively, the microscope objective 5 is replaced with a convex lens. The microscope objective 5 or the convex lens is used for focusing the reflected light 17 to the sample and collecting the signal light (especially the signal light with large angle) emitted upwards from the sample to be adjusted into parallel light to be emitted to the second beam splitter 2. In an exemplary embodiment, the microscope objective 5 is omitted and the reflected light 17 is directed onto the sample. In an exemplary embodiment, the polarization maintaining system further comprises a bottom mirror (not shown) disposed below the stage 6 and having a mirror surface facing the stage 6. The bottom surface reflecting mirror reflects the light from the sample above the bottom surface reflecting mirror back to the sample, so that the luminous flux is improved, and the signal collection efficiency is greatly improved. In an exemplary embodiment, the polarization maintaining system further comprises a micro objective 5 or convex lens disposed between the second beam splitter 2 and the stage 6; and further includes a bottom surface mirror disposed below the stage 6 with a mirror surface facing the stage.
The polarized light emitted by the light source 7 is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2 in sequence, and the principle of realizing reflection polarization retention is as follows.
The polarized light emitted by the light source 7 is represented by a jones vector containing two orthogonal polarization components, which is expressed as:
。
in the formula:E s0 showing the amplitude of the x-z reflection perpendicular to the first beam splitter 1,E p0 representing the amplitude of the radiation parallel to the reflection plane x-z of the first beam splitter 1.
The polarized light emitted from the light source 7 enters the beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1 at an incident angle of 45 °, and can be known from the fresnel formula:
whereinE s 、E p Respectively the exit amplitudes of the reflection planes x-z perpendicular and parallel to the first beam splitter 1,E s0 、E p0 respectively the incident amplitudes of the x-z reflection planes perpendicular and parallel to the first beam splitter 1,δ s 、δ p respectively the phase change of the two polarization components perpendicular and parallel to the reflection plane x-z of the first beam splitter 1,r s1 、r p1 the reflection coefficients, perpendicular to and parallel to the reflection plane x-z of the first beam splitter 1, respectively, are related in magnitude to the angle of incidence and the optical performance of the splitting plane of the first beam splitter.
The reflection transmission matrix of the first beam splitter 1 can be expressed as:
if the optical properties of the beam splitting surfaces of the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2 are the same, then
r s2 、r p2 The reflection coefficients, respectively, perpendicular and parallel to the reflection plane x-y of the second beam splitter 2, whose magnitudes are related to the angle of incidence and the optical properties of the beam splitting plane of the second beam splitter
If the reflection surface of the first beam splitter 1 and the reflection surface of the second beam splitter 2 are orthogonal to each other and the optical performance of the beam splitting surfaces of the two beam splitters is the same, the polarization component of the vibration with amplitude along the y direction is S light perpendicular to the reflection surface relative to the first beam splitter 1, and the reflected light is P light parallel to the reflection surface relative to the second beam splitter 2; similarly, the polarization component whose amplitude vibrates in the x direction is P light parallel to the reflection surface with respect to the first beam splitter 1, and the reflected light thereof is S light perpendicular to the reflection surface with respect to the second beam splitter 2. Therefore, the transmission matrix R of the polarized light reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the two beam splitters is as follows:
the polarized light emitted from the light source 7 is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the two beam splitters, and the resulting reflected light 17 can be expressed as:
therefore, the polarized light emitted by the light source 7 is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2 in sequence, and the change amounts of the two orthogonal polarization components are the same, so that the polarization information is not changed. It can be seen that the polarization maintaining device achieves the reflection polarization maintaining effect by satisfying the above conditions that the reflection surfaces of the two beam splitters are orthogonal to each other and the optical properties of the beam splitting surfaces of the two beam splitters are the same, and the two beam splitters maintain the polarization state of the reflected light 17 to be the same as the polarization state of the polarized light emitted from the light source 7.
In an alternative embodiment, the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2 have the same ability to change the polarization state of light of the same polarization. Typically, the optical properties of the beam splitting surfaces of the first 1 and second 2 beam splitters are the same. The first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2 are made of the same material and have the same reflectance and transmittance. The first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2 may be selected to be of the same model.
The light source 7 is arranged to emit polarized light of a fixed frequency and polarization direction; or arranged to emit polarized light of adjustable frequency and adjustable polarization direction.
With reference to a light source 7 shown in fig. 5, the light source 7 includes a laser 4, a polarizer 13, a quarter wave plate 14, and a detachable quarter wave plate 15, wherein the laser 4, the polarizer 13, and the half wave plate 14 are sequentially fixed in the optical path, and the quarter wave plate 15 can be moved as required to move into or out of the optical path. The laser 4 emits laser light and enters the polaroid 13 along the z direction, so that the laser light is changed into linearly polarized light with a certain polarization angle, and after the linearly polarized light enters the half wave plate 14 along the z direction, the half wave plate 14 can be rotated to obtain linearly polarized light with any polarization angle; the left-handed or right-handed circular polarization can be obtained by adjusting the polarization angle (e.g. 45 ° or 135 °) between the half-wave plate 14 and the quarter-wave plate 15. When the quarter-wave plate 15 is moved into the optical path, the light emitted from the laser 4 passes through the polarizing plate 13, the half-wave plate 14 and the quarter-wave plate 15 in this order. When the quarter-wave plate 15 is moved out of the optical path, the light emitted from the laser 4 passes through the polarizing plate 13 and the half-wave plate 14 in sequence. The light source 7 shown in fig. 5 can emit polarized light with fixed/adjustable frequency and adjustable polarization direction, and is suitable for the requirements of different polarized lights in different scenes.
Typically, the laser 4 is a monochromatic laser with a wavelength of 532 nm or 633 nm or 785 nm, etc.
In an alternative embodiment, the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2 in fig. 1 are a first depolarizing beam splitter and a second depolarizing beam splitter, respectively. Namely, the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2 are both depolarizing beam splitters. By depolarizing beam splitter (Non-Polarizing Beamsplitter) is meant that the transmission of the beam splitting surface of the beam splitter has no effect on the polarization state of the light. Thus, the incident light emitted by the light source 7 passes through the first depolarization beam splitter and the second depolarization beam splitter, and the polarization of the reflected light is maintained; and the signal light 8 emitted by the sample passes through the second depolarization beam splitter to realize polarization maintaining of the transmitted light.
Example 2.
Referring to fig. 2, embodiment 2 provides another polarization maintaining system including a beam splitter, which includes a light source 7, a first beam splitter 1, a second beam splitter 2, a third beam splitter 3, a microscope objective 5, and a stage 6. The same portion of the polarization maintaining system shown in fig. 2 as that in fig. 1 is described with reference to fig. 1, and the third beam splitter 3 is added in fig. 2, and the transmission surfaces of the second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3 are orthogonal to each other, that is, the transmission surface of the second beam splitter 2 is a plane x-y, and the transmission surface of the third beam splitter 3 is a plane y-z. Polarized light emitted by the light source 7 enters a beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1 along the z direction at an incident angle of 45 degrees, is reflected along the negative x direction by the beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1 at a reflection angle of 45 degrees, reflected light enters a beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 at an incident angle of 45 degrees, is reflected along the negative y direction by the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 at a reflection angle of 45 degrees, and is focused into the objective table 6 as excitation light through the microscope objective 5; a sample (not shown) on the stage 6 is excited by the reflected light 17 to produce signal light 8, e.g. fluorescence. The signal light 8 enters the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 at an incident angle of 45 ° in the y direction, and is transmitted in the y direction through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2, and the transmitted light enters the beam splitting surface of the third beam splitter 3 at an incident angle of 45 °, and is transmitted in the y direction through the beam splitting surface of the third beam splitter 3. Since the transmission surfaces of the second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3 are orthogonal to each other, polarization retention of the transmitted light is achieved. The second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3 have the same ability to change the polarization state of the same polarized light. In general, the beam splitting surfaces of the second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3 have the same optical properties. The second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3 are made of the same material and have the same reflectance and transmittance. The second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3 may be selected to be of the same model. Thus, in the polarization maintaining system shown in fig. 2, the reflection surface of the first beam splitter 1 and the reflection surface of the second beam splitter 2 are orthogonal to each other, so that polarization maintaining of reflected light is realized; the transmission surfaces of the second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3 are orthogonal to each other, so that polarization maintaining of the transmitted light is realized; the combination of the two realizes the simultaneous polarization retention of the reflected light and the transmitted light. Thus, the incident light passes through the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2, and the polarization of the reflected light is maintained; the signal light 8 emitted by the sample sequentially passes through the second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3, and polarization maintaining of the transmitted light is achieved.
The signal light 8 is transmitted through the beam splitting surfaces of the second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3 in sequence, the principle of realizing transmission polarization maintaining is as follows,
the signal light 8 is represented by a jones vector containing two orthogonal polarization components, expressed as:
。
in the formula:E s0 ' denotes the incident amplitude perpendicular to the transmission plane x-y of the second beam splitter 2,E p0 ' denotes the amplitude of incidence parallel to the transmission plane x-y of the second beam splitter 2.
The signal light 8 enters the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 at an incident angle of 45 deg., which, as can be seen from the fresnel formula,
whereinE s ′、E p ' are the exit amplitudes perpendicular and parallel to the transmission plane x-y of the second beam splitter 2 respectively,E s0 ′、E p0 ' is the amplitude of incidence perpendicular and parallel to the transmission plane x-y of the second beam splitter 2,δ s ′、δ p ' the phase change amounts of the two polarization components perpendicular and parallel to the transmission plane x-y of the second beam splitter 2 respectively,t s1 、t p1 the transmission coefficients, perpendicular to and parallel to the transmission plane x-y of the second beam splitter 2, respectively, are related in magnitude to the angle of incidence and the optical performance of the splitting plane of the second beam splitter.
The transmission matrix of the second beam splitter 2 can be expressed as:
if the beam splitting surfaces of the second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3 have the same optical properties, then
t s2 、t p2 Respectively perpendicular to and parallel to the third beam splitter 3The transmission coefficient of the incident surface y-z, whose magnitude is related to the incident angle and the optical performance of the beam splitting surface of the third beam splitter, is such that
If the transmission surface of the second beam splitter 2 and the transmission surface of the third beam splitter 3 are orthogonal to each other and the optical properties of the beam splitting surfaces of the two beam splitters are the same, the polarization component of the vibration in the z direction is S light perpendicular to the transmission surface with respect to the second beam splitter 2, and the transmission light thereof is P light parallel to the transmission surface with respect to the third beam splitter 3; similarly, the polarization component whose amplitude vibrates in the x direction is P light parallel to the reflection surface with respect to the second beam splitter 2, and the transmission light thereof is S light perpendicular to the transmission surface with respect to the third beam splitter 3. So as to obtain a transmission matrix T of polarized light transmitted through the beam splitting surfaces of the two beam splitters
The signal light 8 is transmitted through the beam splitting surfaces of the two beam splitters, and the obtained transmission light can be expressed as:
the signal light 8 is transmitted through the beam splitting surfaces of the second beam splitter 2 and the third beam splitter 3, and the two orthogonal polarization components are changed by the same amount, so that the polarization state is not changed. It is understood that the polarization maintaining device can maintain the polarization state of the transmitted light of the two beam splitters to be the same as the polarization state of the signal light 8, that is, the transmission planes of the two beam splitters are orthogonal to each other and the optical performance of the beam splitting planes of the two beam splitters is the same, and thus the transmission polarization maintaining device can maintain the transmission polarization.
In fig. 2, an analyzer 16 is added to detect the polarization state of the light transmitted by the third beam splitter 3 to confirm the polarization maintaining effect of the polarization maintaining system.
Example 3.
Referring to fig. 3, embodiment 3 provides another polarization maintaining system including a beam splitter, which includes a light source 7, a first beam splitter 1, a second beam splitter 2, a third beam splitter 3, a fourth beam splitter 9, a fifth beam splitter 10, a microscope objective 5, a stage 6, and an analyzer 16. The same parts of the polarization maintaining system shown in fig. 3 as those in fig. 2 refer to fig. 2 and the description thereof, and a fourth beam splitter 9 and a fifth beam splitter 10 are added in fig. 3. The reflecting surfaces of the fourth beam splitter 9 and the fifth beam splitter 10 are orthogonal to each other, i.e. the reflecting surface of the fourth beam splitter 9 is plane y-z and the reflecting surface of the fifth beam splitter 10 is plane x-z. The third beam splitter 3 is located in the optical path between the second 2 and fourth 9 beam splitters. The fourth beam splitter 9 is located in the optical path between the third 3 and fifth 10 beam splitters. Polarized light emitted by the light source 7 enters a beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1 along the z direction at an incident angle of 45 degrees, is reflected along the negative x direction by the beam splitting surface of the first beam splitter 1 at a reflection angle of 45 degrees, reflected light enters a beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 at an incident angle of 45 degrees, is reflected along the negative y direction by the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 at a reflection angle of 45 degrees, and is focused into the objective table 6 as excitation light through the microscope objective 5; the sample (not shown) on the stage 6 is excited to produce signal light 8, e.g. fluorescence, reflected light. The signal light 8 enters the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 at an incident angle of 45 ° in the y direction, is transmitted in the y direction by the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2, the transmitted light enters the beam splitting surface of the third beam splitter 3 at an incident angle of 45 °, is transmitted in the y direction by the beam splitting surface of the third beam splitter 3, the transmitted light enters the beam splitting surface of the fourth beam splitter 9 at an incident angle of 45 °, is reflected in the z direction by the beam splitting surface of the fourth beam splitter 9 at a reflection angle of 45 °, the reflected light enters the beam splitting surface of the fifth beam splitter 10 at an incident angle of 45 °, is reflected in the negative x direction by the beam splitting surface of the fifth beam splitter 10 at a reflection angle of 45 °, and the reflected light enters the analyzer 16 in the negative x direction. The transmitted light transmitted by the third beam splitter 3 enters the fifth beam splitter 10 and is reflected by the reflected light reflected by the fourth beam splitter 9. That is, the transmitted light transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 (indirectly through the third beam splitter) is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the fourth beam splitter 9 and the fifth beam splitter 10 in this order. The reflecting surfaces of the fourth beam splitter 9 and the fifth beam splitter 10 are orthogonal to each other, so that the polarization maintaining is still realized after the transmitted light emitted from the third beam splitter 3 is reflected by the fourth beam splitter 9 and the fifth beam splitter 10. The fourth beam splitter 9 and the fifth beam splitter 10 have the same ability to change the polarization state of the same polarized light. In general, the fourth beam splitter 9 has the same optical properties as the beam splitting surfaces of the fifth beam splitter 10. The fourth beam splitter 9 is made of the same material and has the same reflectance and transmittance as the fifth beam splitter 10. A fourth beam splitter 9 and a fifth beam splitter 10 of the same type may be selected. Thus, the incident light passes through the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2, and the polarization of the reflected light is maintained; the signal light 8 emitted by the sample sequentially passes through the second beam splitter 2, the third beam splitter 3, the fourth beam splitter 9 and the fifth beam splitter 10, and polarization maintaining of the transmitted light is achieved. And the emergent light of the fifth beam splitter 10 is along the x-z plane (i.e. horizontal plane), it is convenient to collect polarization information.
In another alternative embodiment, the fourth and fifth beam splitters 9 and 10 shown in fig. 3 are replaced by first and second mirrors 19 and 20 (shown in fig. 6), respectively, and the reflective surfaces of the first and second mirrors are orthogonal to each other. The first mirror and the second mirror generally have the same mirror optical performance. The third beam splitter 3 is located in the optical path between the second beam splitter 2 and the first mirror 19. The first mirror 19 is located between the third beam splitter 3 and the second mirror 20 in the optical path. The transmitted light transmitted by the third beam splitter 3 enters the second reflecting mirror 20 after being reflected by the first reflecting mirror 19 and is reflected. That is, the transmitted light transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 (indirectly through the third beam splitter) is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the first mirror 19 and the second mirror 20 in this order.
Example 4.
Referring to fig. 4, embodiment 4 provides another polarization maintaining system including a beam splitter, which includes a light source 7, a first beam splitter 1, a second beam splitter 2, a third beam splitter 3, a fourth beam splitter 9, a fifth beam splitter 10, a microscope objective 5, a stage 6, and an analyzer 16. The same parts of the polarization maintaining system shown in fig. 4 as in fig. 3 are described with reference to fig. 3, except that in fig. 3 the third beam splitter 3 is located between the second beam splitter 2 and the fourth beam splitter 9 in the transmission optical path, whereas in fig. 4 the third beam splitter 3 is located between the fourth beam splitter 9 and the fifth beam splitter 10 in the transmission optical path; the fourth beam splitter 9 is located between the third beam splitter 3 and the second beam splitter 2. The transmitted light transmitted by the second beam splitter 2 enters the fifth beam splitter 10 and is reflected by the reflected light reflected by the fourth beam splitter 9. That is, the transmitted light transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the fourth beam splitter 9 and the fifth beam splitter 10 in this order (is indirectly transmitted through the third beam splitter 3 between the fourth beam splitter 9 and the fifth beam splitter 10). Therefore, polarized light emitted by the light source 7 passes through the first beam splitter 1 and the second beam splitter 2, and reflected light polarization maintaining is realized; the signal light 8 emitted by the sample sequentially passes through the second beam splitter 2, the fourth beam splitter 9, the third beam splitter 3 and the fifth beam splitter 10, and polarization maintaining of the transmitted light is achieved.
In another alternative embodiment, the fourth and fifth beam splitters 9 and 10 shown in fig. 4 are replaced by first and second mirrors (not shown), respectively, and the reflecting surfaces of the first and second mirrors are orthogonal to each other. The first and second mirrors typically have the same mirror optical properties. The third beam splitter is positioned between the first reflector and the second reflector in the transmission light path; the first mirror is located between the third beam splitter 3 and the second beam splitter 2. The transmitted light transmitted by the second beam splitter 2 enters the second reflecting mirror after being reflected by the first reflecting mirror and is reflected out. That is, the transmitted light transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter 2 is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the first mirror and the second mirror in order (indirectly transmitted through the third beam splitter 3 between the first mirror and the second mirror).
In another alternative embodiment, the third beam splitter 3 in fig. 3, 4 is arranged between the fifth beam splitter 10 and the analyzer 16.
The utility model also provides an equipment, for example the spectrum appearance including above-mentioned polarization maintaining system.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. The meaning of "and/or" includes the presence of either or both of the preceding and following elements. For example, A and/or B, includes three cases of only A, only B, and both A and B.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the present invention. Numerous modifications and alterations to the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (11)
1. A polarization maintaining system comprising a beam splitter is characterized by comprising a light source, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter and an objective table; the reflecting surface of the first beam splitter is orthogonal to the reflecting surface of the second beam splitter, the polarized light emitted by the light source sequentially passes through the beam splitting surfaces of the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter to form reflected light, the reflected light enters the sample on the objective table, the sample on the objective table is excited by the reflected light to generate signal light, and the signal light enters the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter along the direction opposite to the reflected light and is transmitted out through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter.
2. The polarization maintaining system of claim 1, further comprising a micro objective or convex lens disposed between the second beam splitter and the stage; and/or further comprises a bottom surface reflecting mirror which is arranged below the object stage and has a mirror surface facing the object stage.
3. The polarization maintaining system of claim 1, wherein the optical properties of the beam splitting surfaces of the first and second beam splitters are the same.
4. The polarization maintaining system of claim 1, wherein the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter are both depolarizing beam splitters.
5. The polarization maintaining system of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a laser, a polarizer, a half-wave plate, and a detachable quarter-wave plate, the laser, the polarizer, and the half-wave plate being sequentially fixed in the optical path, the quarter-wave plate being configured to be moved into and out of the optical path.
6. The polarization maintaining system of claim 1, further comprising a third beam splitter, wherein the transmission surface of the second beam splitter and the transmission surface of the third beam splitter are orthogonal to each other, and wherein the transmitted light transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter enters the beam splitting surface of the third beam splitter and is transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the third beam splitter.
7. The polarization maintaining system of claim 6, further comprising a fourth beam splitter and a fifth beam splitter, wherein the reflecting surface of the fourth beam splitter and the reflecting surface of the fifth beam splitter are orthogonal to each other, and the transmitted light transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the fourth beam splitter and the fifth beam splitter in sequence; the optical performance of the beam splitting surfaces of the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter is the same, and the optical performance of the beam splitting surfaces of the fourth beam splitter and the fifth beam splitter is the same.
8. The polarization maintaining system of claim 7, wherein the third beam splitter is located between the second beam splitter and the fourth beam splitter in the optical path, or wherein the third beam splitter is located between the fourth beam splitter and the fifth beam splitter in the optical path.
9. The polarization maintaining system of claim 6, further comprising a first mirror and a second mirror, wherein the reflecting surface of the first mirror and the reflecting surface of the second mirror are orthogonal to each other, and the transmitted light transmitted through the beam splitting surface of the second beam splitter is reflected by the beam splitting surfaces of the first mirror and the second mirror in sequence; the optical performance of the beam splitting surfaces of the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter is the same, and the optical performance of the mirror surfaces of the first mirror and the second mirror is the same.
10. The polarization maintaining system of claim 9, wherein the third beam splitter is located in the optical path between the second beam splitter and the first mirror or the third beam splitter is located in the optical path between the first mirror and the second mirror.
11. An apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises a polarization maintaining system according to any one of claims 1-10.
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| CN202221990769.9U CN218099813U (en) | 2022-07-30 | 2022-07-30 | Polarization maintaining system and equipment comprising beam splitter |
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| CN202221990769.9U CN218099813U (en) | 2022-07-30 | 2022-07-30 | Polarization maintaining system and equipment comprising beam splitter |
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