CN217944831U

CN217944831U - Plate spring support, frame assembly and operation machine

Info

Publication number: CN217944831U
Application number: CN202221757420.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾鹏; 石洪峰; 卢杰
Original assignee: Hunan Xingbida Netlink Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Xingbida Netlink Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-07
Filing date: 2022-07-07
Publication date: 2022-12-02
Anticipated expiration: 2032-07-07

Abstract

The utility model relates to a leaf spring installation field provides a leaf spring support, frame assembly and operation machinery, wherein, leaf spring support, include: the frame comprises a bottom plate, a front wall and a reinforcing connecting plate, wherein one end of the bottom plate is used for being connected with a frame, and the other end of the bottom plate is used for being connected with a plate spring; the front wall is used for being connected with the plate spring; the strengthening connecting plate is connected between bottom plate and antetheca, and along the width direction of bottom plate and antetheca, the strengthening connecting plate is unsmooth undulation setting. Be used for solving among the prior art leaf spring support overall structure comparatively complicated, the heavy and defect with high costs of quality, the utility model provides a leaf spring support through set up the connection-enhancing plate between bottom plate and antetheca, and the connection-enhancing plate sets up to the unsmooth undulation form that extends along width direction, improves the stress intensity and the rigidity of connection-enhancing plate to under the condition of not addding the strengthening rib, improve leaf spring support's intensity and rigidity, simplify leaf spring support structure, reduce leaf spring support's whole weight, thereby reduce cost, save material.

Description

Plate spring support, frame assembly and operation machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a leaf spring installation technical field especially relates to a leaf spring support, frame assembly and operation machinery.

Background

The plate spring support is a connecting component of a plate spring and a frame of the working machine, and in the running process of the working machine, the reaction force of the ground to the whole working machine can sequentially pass through the wheels, the plate spring and the plate spring support to reach the frame. Therefore, the leaf spring support needs to have sufficient strength and rigidity to ensure that the leaf spring support does not break and the stressed position of the leaf spring support does not deform when a large force is applied.

The existing plate spring support is provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs with large sizes in order to ensure that the plate spring support does not break or deform in the running process of the operating machine, so that the strength and the rigidity of the plate spring support are improved, and even the strength and the rigidity of the plate spring support are interfered, the integral structure of the plate spring support is complex, the weight is heavy, and the cost is high.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a leaf spring support, frame assembly and operation machinery for solve among the prior art leaf spring support overall structure comparatively complicated, the heavy and defect with high costs of quality, realize setting up the additional connection board that has unsmooth undulation between bottom plate and antetheca, under the condition of the rigidity of guaranteeing leaf spring support and intensity, simplify the structure, weight reduction, reduce cost.

The utility model provides a leaf spring support, include:

one end of the bottom plate is used for being connected with the frame, and the other end of the bottom plate is used for being connected with the plate spring;

a front wall for connection with the leaf spring, the front wall being disposed opposite the base plate;

a reinforcement web connected between the floor and the front wall;

wherein, along the width direction of bottom plate with the antetheca, the reinforcing connecting plate is the setting of unsmooth undulation.

According to the utility model provides a leaf spring support, the reinforcing connection board is formed with depressed area and bellying, the depressed area with bellying alternative arrangement forms unsmooth undulation.

According to the utility model provides a leaf spring support follows the antetheca extremely the direction of bottom plate, the width increase in bellying district.

According to the utility model provides a leaf spring support, strengthen the connecting plate and include first lateral wall, second lateral wall and strengthen the wall, first lateral wall with the second lateral wall is connected strengthen the both sides of wall, the depressed area with the protruding district is seted up strengthen on the wall.

According to the utility model provides a leaf spring support, first lateral wall with the second lateral wall is parallel to each other.

According to the plate spring support provided by the utility model, the bottom plate is provided with the support mounting holes and the first pin shaft mounting holes, and the support mounting holes are arranged at intervals by taking the first pin shaft mounting holes as the circle center;

wherein the protruding area is opposite to the bracket mounting hole at the connecting position of the bottom plate.

According to the plate spring bracket provided by the utility model, the first pin shaft mounting hole is arranged between the bracket mounting hole and the front wall along the axis direction of the first pin shaft mounting hole;

and the axis of the first pin shaft mounting hole is parallel to the axis of the bracket mounting hole.

According to the utility model provides a plate spring support, second round pin axle mounting hole has been seted up to the antetheca, the axis of second round pin axle mounting hole with the axis coincidence of first round pin axle mounting hole.

According to the utility model provides a leaf spring support, the bottom plate is including falling heavy breach, fall heavy breach with the support mounting hole sets up in turn.

The utility model also provides a frame assembly, including frame, leaf spring and foretell leaf spring support, leaf spring leg joint is in the frame with between the leaf spring.

The utility model also provides a working machine, which comprises the plate spring bracket;

alternatively, the work machine comprises a frame assembly of the kind described above.

The utility model provides a plate spring bracket, which is connected with a frame through one end of a bottom plate, the other end of the bottom plate and a front wall are connected with a plate spring, a reinforced connecting plate is arranged between the bottom plate and the front wall to form the plate spring bracket, and the frame is connected with the plate spring; and the reinforcing connecting plate is arranged to be in a concave-convex shape extending along the width direction, so that the stress strength and rigidity of the reinforcing connecting plate are improved, the strength and rigidity of the plate spring support are improved under the condition that no reinforcing rib is additionally arranged, the structure of the plate spring support is simplified, the overall weight of the plate spring support is reduced, the cost is reduced, and materials are saved.

Further, the present invention provides a frame assembly and a working machine having the leaf spring support as described above, and therefore having various advantages as described above.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is one of the overall structural schematic diagrams of the leaf spring support provided by the present invention;

fig. 2 is a second schematic view of the overall structure of the leaf spring support provided by the present invention;

fig. 3 is a third schematic view of the overall structure of the leaf spring support provided by the present invention;

fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the leaf spring bracket provided by the present invention with respect to a reinforcing connecting plate;

fig. 5 is a fourth schematic view of the overall structure of the leaf spring support provided by the present invention;

fig. 6 is a side view of the leaf spring support provided by the present invention.

Reference numerals:

100: a base plate; 101: a bracket mounting hole; 102: a first pin shaft mounting hole; 103: reducing the weight gap; 104: a second mounting table; 105: a concave curved surface; 106: a first mounting table; 110: a plate spring accommodating chamber; 111: a first mounting surface; 112: a second mounting surface; 200: a front wall; 201: a second pin shaft mounting hole; 202: positioning the locking hole; 203: breaking off; 300: reinforcing the connecting plate; 301: a raised region; 302: a recessed region; 310: a reinforcing wall; 303: a first side wall; 304: a second side wall; 311: a starting end; 312: and a terminating end.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the drawings of the present invention are combined to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element to which the description refers must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those skilled in the art.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6. It is to be understood that the following description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the utility model provides a leaf spring support, include: a bottom panel 100, a front wall 200, and a reinforcing connecting panel 300 connecting the bottom panel 100 and the front wall 200; one end of the bottom plate 100 is used for being connected with a frame, and the other end of the bottom plate 100 is used for being connected with a leaf spring; the front wall 200 is used for connecting with the plate spring, and the front wall 200 is arranged opposite to the bottom plate 100; the reinforcing connecting plate 300 is connected between the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200, the bottom plate 100 and the reinforcing connecting plate 300 form a plate spring receiving cavity 110; the reinforcing connecting plate 300 is provided in an uneven shape along the width direction of the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200.

In other words, the reinforcing connecting plate 300 has one end connected to the bottom plate 100 and the other end connected to the front wall 200, so that the bottom plate 100, the front wall 200 and the reinforcing connecting plate 300 are formed as a single body, for example, the reinforcing connecting plate 300, the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200 may be formed as a single body. Specifically, one end of the front wall 200 and one end of the bottom plate 100 are connected to the leaf spring, the other end of the front wall 200 is connected to a reinforcing connecting plate 300, the reinforcing connecting plate 300 is connected to an end surface of the bottom plate 100, and the other end of the bottom plate 100 is used for connecting to a vehicle frame. The bottom plate 100 is spaced apart from the front wall 200, and a gap formed between the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200 and the reinforcing connecting plate 300 forms a leaf spring receiving cavity 110 for receiving a leaf spring. For example, a leaf spring is interposed between the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200, and one end of the front wall 200, the leaf spring, and one end of the bottom plate 100 are connected together. Compared with the prior art, the reinforcing ribs are required to be arranged on the connecting plate between the front wall 200 and the base plate 100, and the height of the reinforcing ribs is higher, so that the position of the connecting plate between the front wall 200 and the base plate 100 is lowered, and the space of the leaf spring accommodating cavity is reduced. And the unsmooth undulation form height of the connection-enhancing plate 300 of this application is lower than the strengthening rib, and the connection-enhancing plate 300 position shifts up relatively, and then has increased the space that the leaf spring holds the chamber.

Wherein the extending direction of the concave-convex undulations of the reinforcing connecting plate 300 is the width direction of the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200, that is, the reinforcing connecting plate 300 connects the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200 together along the width direction of the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200. The width direction of the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200 is the longitudinal extension direction of the leaf spring. Wherein the thickness of the walls of the reinforcing connecting plate 300 is equal. Also, the wall thickness of the reinforcing connecting plate 300 and the front wall 200 may be equal, and the casting process is better.

In order to improve the strength and rigidity of the leaf spring support and prevent the leaf spring support from being broken or deformed when a large force is applied, a concave-convex undulated reinforcing connecting plate 300 is provided between the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200 to reinforce the structure. The concavo-convex shaped reinforcing connecting plate 300 increases the connecting area with the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200, thereby improving the connecting strength. In addition, the concave-convex shaped reinforcing connecting plate 300 has better stress stability and can bear various forces in complicated directions. Compared with the structure that the radian plate or the straight plate is matched with the reinforcing rib in the prior art, the concave-convex wavy reinforcing connecting plate 300 is more uniform in stress, stronger in pressure resistance and dislocation resistance between the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200, lighter in weight and low in material cost.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing connecting plate 300 is formed with recessed areas 302 and raised areas 301, and the recessed areas 302 and the raised areas 301 are alternately arranged to form a concave-convex shape.

Wherein, the concave areas 302 and the convex areas 301 are continuously and alternately arranged to form the wave shape of the transverse section of the reinforcing connecting plate 300. The concave area 302 and the convex area 301 may be a concave-convex structure with a smooth transition of circular arc, wherein, along the width direction of the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200, the reinforcing connecting plate 300 may be continuously distributed with the concave area 302 and the convex area 301, and the concave area 302 and the convex area 301 may be disposed in a local area of the reinforcing connecting plate 300 in the width direction.

Further, as shown in fig. 3, the recessed area 302 and the raised area 301 extend lengthwise from the bottom panel 100 to the front wall 200. In other words, taking the raised area 301 as an example, the raised area 301 includes a starting end 311 and a terminating end 312, the starting end 311 is connected to the front wall 200, the terminating end 312 is connected to the bottom plate 100, and the recessed area 302 is similar. For example, the length direction of the convex region 301 is a straight line.

Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the width of the raised area 301 increases in the direction from the front wall 200 to the bottom plate 100. The stress condition is better met, so that the structure of the plate spring support is more stable, that is, the arc angle of the convex area 301 of the starting end 311 is smaller than that of the convex area 301 of the ending end 312, and similarly, the width of the concave area 302 is increased along the direction from the front wall 200 to the bottom plate 100; the coupling strength of the base plate 100 to the reinforcing connection plate 300 side is increased.

Furthermore, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, in another embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing connecting plate 300 includes a first side wall 303, a second side wall 304 and a reinforcing wall 310, the first side wall 303 and the second side wall 304 are connected to both sides of the reinforcing wall 310, and the recessed area 302 and the raised area 301 are opened on the reinforcing wall 310.

In other words, along the width direction of the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200, the first side wall 303, the reinforcing wall 310, and the second side wall 304 are sequentially arranged, the first side wall 303, the reinforcing wall 310, and the second side wall 304 are continuously arranged, and the concave area 302 and the convex area 301 are arranged on the reinforcing wall 310 to reinforce the connection area of the reinforcing wall 310 with the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200.

Wherein, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the first sidewall 303 and the second sidewall 304 are parallel to each other. In other words, in the installed state of the leaf spring support, the first side wall 303 and the second side wall 304 are both arranged perpendicular to the horizontal plane, which facilitates demolding when the leaf spring support is cast by a mold; on the other hand, the first side wall 303 and the second side wall 304 avoid the bracket mounting hole 101 of the base plate 100, so as to facilitate the mounting of the bracket mounting hole 101 and the vehicle frame.

As shown in fig. 5, for the bottom plate 100 of the present invention, in some embodiments of the present invention, the bottom plate 100 is provided with a bracket mounting hole 101 and a first pin mounting hole 102, and the bracket mounting holes 101 are arranged at intervals in an angle around the first pin mounting hole 102; wherein the raised area 301 is opposite to the position of the bracket mounting hole 101 at the connection position of the base plate 100.

In other words, the first pin shaft mounting hole 102 and the bracket mounting holes 101 are disposed at two ends of the bottom plate 100, the bottom plate 100 is a fan-shaped structure with the first pin shaft mounting hole 102 as a center, and the plurality of bracket mounting holes 101 are disposed on the fan-shaped bottom plate 100 with a certain included angle. For example, the centers of the plurality of bracket mounting holes 101 are on the same circle.

With continued reference to fig. 4, the bracket mounting holes 101 correspond to the raised areas 301, and the raised areas 301 reinforce the positions of the bracket mounting holes 101 to improve the connection strength. For example, the convex region 301 of the reinforcing connecting plate 300 is attached to the base plate 100 below the bracket mounting hole 101.

Further, with reference to fig. 1, in other embodiments of the present invention, the front wall 200 is provided with a second pin mounting hole 201, and an axis of the second pin mounting hole 201 coincides with an axis of the first pin mounting hole 102. In other words, the pin passes through the first pin mounting hole 102, and the leaf spring and the second pin mounting hole 201 connect the leaf spring bracket with the leaf spring.

In addition, the front wall 200 is also fan-shaped, and the front wall 200 is fan-shaped with the second pin shaft mounting hole 201 being circular, so that the lengths of the plurality of convex areas 301 and the plurality of concave areas 302 may be equal. Moreover, the area of the front wall 200 is smaller than that of the bottom plate 100, so that the beginning 311 of the protruding region 301 tends to be smaller than the ending 312, and the connection length of the front wall 200 between the first side wall 303 and the second side wall 304 also tends to be smaller than that of the bottom plate 100.

To the utility model discloses a diapire 200, fracture 203 of intercommunication second round pin axle mounting hole 201 is seted up to the installation area at second round pin axle mounting hole 201 place, has seted up location locking hole 202 along the axis vertical direction of second round pin axle mounting hole 201 for the location round pin axle, wherein, location locking hole 202 runs through fracture 203, and fracture 203 is convenient for the installation of round pin axle.

In addition, with continued reference to fig. 1, in other alternative embodiments of the present invention, the bottom plate 100 includes weight-reducing notches 103, and the weight-reducing notches 103 are alternately arranged with the bracket mounting holes 101. That is, a weight reduction notch 103 is provided between adjacent bracket mounting holes 101 for reducing the overall weight of the leaf spring bracket.

Wherein, the weight reducing notch 103 corresponds to the connection position of the concave area 302 of the reinforcing connecting plate 300 on the bottom plate 100.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the first pin mounting hole 102 is disposed between the bracket mounting hole 101 and the front wall 200 along the axial direction of the first pin mounting hole 102; the axis of the first pin shaft mounting hole 102 is parallel to the axis of the bracket mounting hole 101.

That is, as shown in fig. 5, the base plate 100 includes a concave curved surface 105, the first pin mounting hole 102 is opened on the concave curved surface 105, and the concave curved surface 105 has a tendency to approach the front wall 200. Thereby forming an offset distance of the first pin mounting hole 102 and the bracket mounting hole 101 such that the first pin mounting hole 102 is interposed between the bracket mounting hole 101 and the front wall 200 in the axial direction; the installation requirement of the plate spring distance is met. When the plate spring support is installed on the frame, the plate spring support does not extend into the plate spring accommodating cavity 110 for operation, and the installation is convenient.

Specifically, a first mounting table 106 is formed at one end of the base plate 100, a first pin mounting hole 102 is formed in the first mounting table 106, a plurality of second mounting tables 104 are formed at the other end of the base plate 100, a bracket mounting hole 101 is formed in each second mounting table 104, and a weight reducing notch 103 is formed between every two adjacent second mounting tables 104. The first mounting platform 106 comprises a first mounting surface 111, and the first mounting surface 111 is a plane surface of the first mounting platform 106 close to the bracket mounting hole 101; the second mounting platform 104 includes a second mounting surface 112, and the second mounting surface 112 is a plane surface of the second mounting platform 104 on a side away from the first pin shaft mounting hole 102. The first mounting surface 111 and the second mounting surface 112 have a distance L therebetween. Wherein, the thickness of the second mounting stage 104 is larger than the thickness of the bottom plate and the part thereof.

The second mounting surface 112 is attached to the frame, which is beneficial to connecting the leaf spring bracket to the frame.

The utility model provides a frame assembly, including the leaf spring support of frame, leaf spring and above-mentioned embodiment, leaf spring leg joint is between frame and leaf spring. Specifically, the frame is connected with a bracket mounting hole 101 on a bottom plate 100 of the leaf spring bracket, and the leaf spring is connected with a first pin shaft mounting hole 102 and a second pin shaft mounting hole 201; and then realize the connection of frame, leaf spring and leaf spring support, improve the joint strength and the rigidity of frame and leaf spring, and reduce frame assembly overall quality.

The utility model also provides a working machine, which comprises the plate spring bracket of the embodiment; alternatively, the work machine includes a frame assembly of the above-described embodiment. The working machine may be a construction machine such as a crane, excavator, pile machine or a construction vehicle such as a climbing truck, fire truck, mixer truck.

The utility model provides a plate spring support, which is connected with a frame through one end of a bottom plate 100, the other end of the bottom plate 100 and a front wall 200 are connected with a plate spring, a reinforced connecting plate 300 is arranged between the bottom plate 100 and the front wall 200 to form the plate spring support, and the frame is connected with the plate spring; moreover, the reinforcing connecting plate 300 is arranged to be in a concave-convex shape extending along the width direction, and the stress strength and rigidity of the reinforcing connecting plate 300 are improved, so that the strength and rigidity of the plate spring support are improved, the structure of the plate spring support is simplified, the overall weight of the plate spring support is reduced, the cost is reduced, and materials are saved.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.

Claims

1. A leaf spring support, comprising:

the bicycle frame comprises a base plate (100), wherein one end of the base plate (100) is used for being connected with a bicycle frame, and the other end of the base plate (100) is used for being connected with a plate spring;

a front wall (200), said front wall (200) being intended to be connected to said leaf spring, said front wall (200) being arranged opposite to said base plate (100);

a stiffening web (300), the stiffening web (300) being connected between the floor (100) and the front wall (200);

wherein the reinforcing connecting plate (300) is provided in an uneven undulation shape along the width direction of the bottom plate (100) and the front wall (200).

2. The leaf spring support according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement web (300) is formed with recessed areas (302) and raised areas (301), the recessed areas (302) and raised areas (301) being arranged alternately to form a concave-convex relief.

3. The leaf spring support according to claim 2, characterized in that the width of the raised area (301) increases in the direction of the front wall (200) to the base plate (100).

4. The leaf spring support according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the reinforcement web (300) comprises a first side wall (303), a second side wall (304) and a reinforcement wall (310), the first side wall (303) and the second side wall (304) being connected on both sides of the reinforcement wall (310), the recessed area (302) and the raised area (301) opening onto the reinforcement wall (310).

5. The leaf spring support according to claim 4, characterized in that the first side wall (303) and the second side wall (304) are parallel to each other.

6. The plate spring support according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the base plate (100) is provided with a support mounting hole (101) and a first pin mounting hole (102), and the support mounting holes (101) are arranged at intervals at an angle around the first pin mounting hole (102);

wherein the raised area (301) is opposite to the position of the bracket mounting hole (101) at the connection position of the bottom plate (100).

7. The leaf spring support according to claim 6, characterized in that the first pin mounting hole (102) is interposed between the support mounting hole (101) and the front wall (200) in the axial direction of the first pin mounting hole (102);

the axis of the first pin shaft mounting hole (102) is parallel to the axis of the bracket mounting hole (101).

8. The leaf spring support according to claim 6, characterized in that the front wall (200) is provided with a second pin mounting hole (201), and the axis of the second pin mounting hole (201) coincides with the axis of the first pin mounting hole (102).

9. The leaf spring support according to claim 6, characterized in that the base plate (100) comprises weight-reducing indentations (103), the weight-reducing indentations (103) alternating with the support mounting holes (101).

10. A frame assembly comprising a frame, a leaf spring and a leaf spring support according to any one of claims 1 to 9, said leaf spring support being connected between said frame and said leaf spring.

11. A working machine, characterized by comprising a leaf spring support according to any one of claims 1 to 9;

alternatively, the work machine comprises a frame assembly of claim 10.