CN217885993U - Non-contact type posterior pole sclera high-speed frequency sweeping optical coherence elastography system - Google Patents
Non-contact type posterior pole sclera high-speed frequency sweeping optical coherence elastography system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A non-contact posterior pole sclera high-speed frequency sweep optical coherence elastography system is characterized in that: the system comprises a control center, a Phs-SSOCT device and a micro-air pulse emission device, can realize non-contact quantitative evaluation of biomechanical properties of posterior pole sclera, provides a new way for elastic imaging of posterior pole sclera of living human eyes, and provides a new tool for early warning research of ophthalmic diseases such as myopia, glaucoma and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an ophthalmology imaging technology field, concretely relates to high-speed frequency sweep optics of non-contact back polar region sclera is coherent elasticity imaging system.
Background
The sclera is porcelain white connective tissue rich in collagen fibers and located on the outer layer of the eyeball wall, is hard, can resist the acting force of outward expansion of intraocular pressure, and plays an important role in maintaining the shape of the eyeball. The sclera can be divided into an anterior sclera, an equatorial sclera and a posterior sclera on the anatomical structure, and the microstructures and the mechanical properties of the sclera of each part are different, wherein the mechanical properties of the posterior sclera are the weakest, and the shape change is most easy to occur. Researchers find that the change of the biomechanical property of the posterior pole sclera is closely related to the occurrence and development of various eye diseases such as juvenile myopia, glaucoma and the like. Since there is currently no effective method for treating myopia and glaucoma, early warning of these diseases is a focus of clinical research. Compared with the conventional detection method, the detection of the biomechanical property of the posterior pole sclera is more beneficial to early warning of diseases such as myopia and glaucoma, and provides a time window for early intervention of the diseases.
The method for measuring the biomechanical property of the posterior sclera in clinic at present mainly comprises ultrasonic elastography and nuclear magnetic resonance elastography. The method has large imaging penetration depth, is suitable for elasticity measurement of tissues of various large organs such as liver, mammary gland and the like, but has poor spatial resolution, and is difficult to perform high-definition imaging on posterior pole sclera (the thickness is only 1 mm). At the laboratory stage, the university of california chenozhou professor group utilized spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to perform high-definition imaging of posterior pole scleral tissue of live rabbit eyes; and on the basis, the acoustic radiation force with strong penetrability is utilized to develop the acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography technology. Under the water bath environment, the system is utilized to successfully induce the posterior pole sclera to generate micro deformation, so that the biomechanical performance of the posterior pole sclera of the living rabbit eye is measured. However, the above system has the following drawbacks: 1) The OCT imaging system adopts SD-OCT, which can realize the imaging of posterior pole sclera of rabbit eye, but is difficult to perform high-definition imaging on posterior pole sclera of human eye; 2) Acoustic radiation force requires the mediation of a coupling agent, and may cause damage to other tissues in the eye, such as the lens and retina, and has great difficulty in clinical application.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the deficiency of the background art, the utility model provides a high-speed sweep frequency optics of utmost point portion sclera is coherent elasticity imaging system behind non-contact.
The utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts: a non-contact posterior pole sclera high-speed sweep optical coherence elastography system comprises a control center, a Phs-SSOCT device and a micro-air pulse emission device,
the Phs-SSOCT device comprises a swept-frequency light source, a first optical fiber coupler, a second optical fiber coupler, a Bragg optical fiber grating, a sample arm, a reference arm, a third optical fiber coupler, a balance detector and a photoelectric detector;
the sweep frequency light source is connected with the control center and used for outputting light beams;
the first optical fiber coupler adopts a 2X2 optical fiber coupler and is provided with a first port, a second port, a third port and a fourth port, the first port is correspondingly connected with the sweep frequency light source, the second port is connected with a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector is connected with a control center, the third port is connected with the second optical fiber coupler, the fourth port is connected with a Bragg optical fiber grating, and light beams output by the sweep frequency light source respectively enter the second optical fiber coupler and the Bragg optical fiber grating from the third port and the fourth port after passing through the first optical fiber coupler;
the second optical fiber coupler adopts a 2X2 optical fiber coupler which is provided with a fifth port, a sixth port, a seventh port and an eighth port, the fifth port is correspondingly connected with the third port of the first optical fiber coupler, the sixth port is connected with the third optical fiber coupler, the seventh port is connected with the sample arm, the eighth port is connected with the reference arm, and light beams enter the sample arm and the reference arm from the seventh port and the eighth port respectively after passing through the second optical fiber coupler;
the third optical fiber coupler is a 2X2 optical fiber coupler and is provided with a ninth port, a tenth port, an eleventh port and a twelfth port, the ninth port is correspondingly connected with the sixth port of the second optical fiber coupler, the tenth port is connected with the reference arm, the eleventh port and the twelfth port are connected with the balance detector, and the balance detector is connected with the control center;
little air pulse emitter includes signal generator, driver, gas bomb, install the solenoid valve on the output pipeline of gas bomb, install the shower nozzle on the solenoid valve, signal generator is connected with control center, driver, can provide input control signal for the driver, the solenoid valve is connected to the driver, can control solenoid valve opening and close the action.
The first optical fiber coupler has a splitting ratio of 90.
The center wavelength of the sweep frequency light source is 1060nm, and the scanning speed of the sweep frequency light source is larger than 100kHz.
The sample arm comprises a first collimating lens, a two-dimensional scanning vibrating lens, a dichroic mirror, a focusing lens and a front lens which are sequentially arranged, and further comprises a fixation sighting mark, and the fixation sighting mark and the dichroic mirror are correspondingly arranged.
The reference arm comprises a second collimating mirror and a third collimating mirror which are correspondingly arranged, the second collimating mirror is connected with an eighth port of the second optical fiber coupler, and the third collimating mirror is connected with a tenth port of the third optical fiber coupler.
The micro air pulse transmitting device further comprises a direct current power supply, wherein the direct current power supply is connected with the driver and can provide 24V instantaneous voltage and 5V maintaining voltage for the driver.
The utility model has the advantages that: by adopting the scheme, the non-contact quantitative evaluation on the biomechanical property of the posterior pole sclera can be realized, a new way is provided for the elastic imaging of the posterior pole sclera of the human eye of a living body, and a new tool is provided for the early warning research of the ophthalmic diseases such as myopia, glaucoma and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a non-contact posterior pole sclera high-speed frequency sweep optical coherence elastography system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a Phs-SSOCT apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1-2, a non-contact posterior pole sclera high-speed frequency-sweeping optical coherence elastography system is characterized in that: comprises a control center 1, a Phs-SSOCT device 2 and a micro air pulse transmitting device 3.
The control center 1 is a computer and is used for controlling and analyzing and processing subsequent images.
The Phs-SSOCT device 2 comprises a swept-frequency light source 4, a first optical fiber coupler 5, a second optical fiber coupler 6, a Bragg optical fiber grating 7, a sample arm 8, a reference arm 9, a third optical fiber coupler 10, a balance detector 11 and a photoelectric detector 12.
Sweep frequency light source 4 is connected with control center 1, can be under control center 1's control and feedback emission light wave, sweep frequency light source 4's central wavelength is 1060nm, has stronger tissue penetrability and imaging depth, can form images to the posterior pole portion sclera tissue that lies in the eyeball deep, sweep frequency light source 4's scanning speed is greater than 100kHz, can reduce the imaging time, reduces the eye movement and disturbs.
The first optical fiber coupler 5 is a 2X2 optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 90.
The second optical fiber coupler 6 adopts a 2X2 optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 80, and has a fifth port 61, a sixth port 62, a seventh port 63, and an eighth port 64, the fifth port 61 is correspondingly connected with the third port 53 of the first optical fiber coupler 5, the sixth port 62 is connected with the third optical fiber coupler 10, the seventh port 63 is connected with the sample arm 8, the eighth port 64 is connected with the reference arm 9, and laser of the main optical path enters the sample arm 8 and the reference arm 9 from the seventh port 63 and the eighth port 64, respectively, after passing through the second optical fiber coupler 6.
The third optical fiber coupler 10 is a 2X2 optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 50, and has a ninth port 101, a tenth port 102, an eleventh port 103, and a twelfth port 104, the ninth port 101 is connected to the sixth port 62 of the second optical fiber coupler 6, the tenth port 102 is connected to the reference arm 9, the eleventh port 103 is connected to the twelfth port 104, and the balanced detector 11 is connected to the control center 1.
The sample arm 8 includes a first collimating mirror 81, a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer 82, a dichroic mirror 83, a focusing mirror 84, a front mirror 85, and a fixation mark 86, which are sequentially disposed, where the fixation mark 86 is disposed corresponding to the dichroic mirror 83.
The reference arm 9 includes a second collimating mirror 91 and a third collimating mirror 92, which are correspondingly disposed, the second collimating mirror 91 is connected to the eighth port 64 of the second fiber coupler 6, and the third collimating mirror 92 is connected to the tenth port 102 of the third fiber coupler 10.
When the Phs-SSOCT apparatus 2 performs OCT imaging, laser output from the swept-frequency light source 4 enters the first fiber coupler 5 and then is split according to the 90.
The laser of the main optical path enters the second optical fiber coupler 6, is split according to 80.
The micro air pulse transmitting device 3 comprises a signal generator 13, a driver 14, a gas storage bottle 15, an electromagnetic valve 16, a spray head 17 and a direct current power supply 18, wherein the electromagnetic valve 16 is installed on an output pipeline of the gas storage bottle 15, the spray head 17 is installed on the electromagnetic valve 16, the signal generator 13 is connected with the control center 1 and the driver 14 and can provide input control signals for the driver 14, the driver 14 is connected with the electromagnetic valve 16 and can control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve, and the direct current power supply 18 is connected with the driver 14 and can provide 24V instantaneous voltage and 5V maintaining voltage for the driver 14. Air in the gas bomb 15 can be transmitted to the electromagnetic valve 16 through the output tube, when the electromagnetic valve is opened, the nozzle 17 can spray micro air pulse, a signal instruction sent by the control center 1 can be sent to the driver 14 through the signal generator 13, and the driver 14 can control the switch of the electromagnetic valve 16 and the time length thereof to adjust the time and the flow of the micro air pulse.
When the noncontact posterior pole sclera high-speed frequency sweeping optical coherent elastic imaging system is adopted to measure the elastic modulus of the posterior pole sclera, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the Phs-SSOCT device 2 and the micro-air pulse emitting device 3 are mutually integrated.
The Phs-SSOCT device 2 is used for rapidly acquiring a high-definition posterior pole sclera image. In order to capture elastic waves which are rapidly transmitted at the maximum frame rate, the Phs-SSOCT device 2 adopts an OCT data acquisition method based on an M-B scanning mode, wherein the M scanning mode refers to repeating a-line scanning on the same spatial site for multiple times to acquire a dynamic change process of deformation along with time, the B scanning mode refers to performing a-line scanning on different spatial sites to acquire a two-dimensional cross section imaging of tissues, and dynamic deformation data sets of different sites of the posterior pole sclera can be acquired through the M-B scanning mode to provide data for the analysis of a subsequent elastic wave mechanical model.
The nozzle of the micro air pulse emitting device 3 corresponds to the sclera tissue at the front part of the human eye, and the micro air pulse is ejected by the nozzle to induce the deformation of the sclera tissue at the front part of the human eye, and the deformation information can be transmitted to the sclera at the rear pole part in the form of elastic wave. Micro air pulse usually passes through the oblique incidence mode, avoids micro air pulse shower nozzle to shelter from OCT scanning beam, and is further, micro air pulse acts on anterior sclera tissue perpendicularly, can improve the tissue excitation efficiency, make the deformation information of anterior sclera tissue propagate to the back polar part sclera with the form of elastic wave, and micro air pulse acts on the excitation position point and the OCT beam B scanning mode direction collineation of anterior sclera tissue, reduce because elastic wave propagation direction and OCT scanning direction inconsistent measuring error who brings.
The acquisition signal of the Phs-SSOCT device 2, the trigger signal of the micro air pulse emission device 3 and the scanning galvanometer driving signal are synchronously generated through an NI function generation card, so that the image acquisition and the micro air pulse emission are synchronous.
2. And extracting a deformation signal of the posterior pole sclera based on a phase-resolved Doppler algorithm and a Res-Unet neural network model.
2.1 obtaining complex signals
The method comprises the following steps of carrying out fast Fourier transform on a time interference signal collected by a Phs-SSOCT device to obtain a complex signal with the depth z as a variable, wherein the calculation formula is as follows: s (z) = a (z) e iφ(z) Where A (z) is amplitude information and phi (z) is phase information.
2.2 Doppler phase calculation
Calculating the Doppler frequency shift f according to the phase change between two adjacent A-line signals D The calculation formula is as follows:
and performing cross-correlation operation on two adjacent A-lines to calculate the phase difference, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
based on the Doppler effect, the relative velocity v of the moving tissue sample is obtained, and the calculation formula is as follows:
and finally, obtaining the relative displacement delta d between two adjacent A-lines, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
since the center wavelength and tissue refractive index of the OCT system light source are known, the tissue vibration displacement detection resolution of the OCT system is proportional to the phase stability of the OCT system.
2.3 image segmentation
The method comprises the steps of realizing automatic segmentation of the boundary between the choroid and the sclera of the posterior pole part based on a Res-Unet neural network model, wherein the Res-Unet neural network comprises a down-sampling path and an up-sampling path, the down-sampling path is used for being responsible for convolutional coding of image information and extracting high-dimensional features of different levels, the up-sampling path is used for being responsible for deconvolution operation of the image information and decoding and image dimension reconstruction of the high-dimensional features, and finally, a segmentation result is output.
The Res-Unet neural network model takes manually marked fundus OCT images of the upper and lower boundaries of the sclera of the polar part as a Res-Unet neural network model training and verification set, a residual matrix can be constructed by the difference value of the model output result and the actual result, and the residual matrix is sequentially transmitted backwards along the Res-Unet neural network model, so that parameters in the network are sequentially adjusted, and the residual matrix is enabled to reach the expected minimum value.
Due to the abundant hierarchy of ocular fundus tissue structures, retinal and choroidal tissues are present in addition to posterior pole scleral tissues. The choroid tissue is adjacent to the posterior pole sclera tissue, the boundary of the choroid tissue is not obvious, and the boundary of the posterior pole sclera and the choroid is difficult to automatically and accurately obtain through a traditional image segmentation algorithm, so that the extraction of elastic wave signals in the posterior pole sclera is influenced.
3. The elastic modulus of the posterior pole sclera was calculated using a lamb wave model.
The relationship between tissue elasticity and viscosity in the Kelvin-Voigt model is as follows:
μD＝μ 1 + ω ξ i, where μ D As viscoelastic parameter,. Mu. 1 The shear modulus, ω, angular frequency, ζ, viscosity coefficient, and i, imaginary number;
the Lamb wave characteristic equation of scleral tissue is as follows:
α, β and k can be expressed by the following formulas:
c 1 and c 2 And shear modulus mu 1 The relational formula that exists is as follows:
lam constant λ and shear modulus μ 1 The relationship is as follows:
the elastic modulus E is related to the shear modulus μ 1 as follows:
E＝2(1+υ)μ 1 ；
the elastic modulus and the viscosity coefficient are calculated through the formula.
By adopting the scheme, the deformation of the anterior scleral tissue of the human eye is safely induced by using the non-contact micro-air pulse transmitting device, the deformation information is transmitted to the posterior pole sclera in the form of elastic waves, a high-definition posterior pole sclera image is quickly acquired by the fundus high-speed Phs-SSOCT system, the deformation signal of the posterior pole sclera is accurately extracted based on a phase-resolved Doppler algorithm and a Res-Unet neural network model, the elastic modulus of the posterior pole sclera is calculated by using a lamb wave model, the non-contact quantitative evaluation of the biomechanical performance of the posterior pole sclera can be realized, a new way is provided for the elastic imaging of the posterior pole sclera of the human eye of a living body, and a new tool is provided for the early warning research of the ophthalmic diseases such as myopia, glaucoma and the like.
The skilled person should understand that: although the present invention has been described in accordance with the above embodiments, the inventive concept is not limited to this embodiment, and any modification of the inventive concept will be included in the scope of the patent claims.
Claims (6)
1. A non-contact posterior pole sclera high-speed frequency sweeping optical coherence elastography system is characterized in that: comprises a control center (1), a Phs-SSOCT device (2) and a micro-air pulse transmitting device (3),
the Phs-SSOCT device (2) comprises a swept-frequency light source (4), a first optical fiber coupler (5), a second optical fiber coupler (6), a Bragg optical fiber grating (7), a sample arm (8), a reference arm (9), a third optical fiber coupler (10), a balance detector (11) and a photoelectric detector (12);
the sweep frequency light source (4) is connected with the control center (1) and is used for outputting light beams;
the first optical fiber coupler (5) adopts a 2X2 optical fiber coupler, and is provided with a first port (51), a second port (52), a third port (53) and a fourth port (54), the first port (51) is correspondingly connected with the sweep light source (4), the second port (52) is connected with the photoelectric detector (12), the photoelectric detector (12) is connected with the control center (1), the third port (53) is connected with the second optical fiber coupler (6), the fourth port (54) is connected with the Bragg optical fiber grating (7), and light beams output by the sweep light source (4) respectively enter the second optical fiber coupler (6) and the Bragg optical fiber grating (7) from the third port (53) and the fourth port (54) after passing through the first optical fiber coupler (5);
the second optical fiber coupler (6) adopts a 2X2 optical fiber coupler which is provided with a fifth port (61), a sixth port (62), a seventh port (63) and an eighth port (64), the fifth port (61) is correspondingly connected with the third port (53) of the first optical fiber coupler (5), the sixth port (62) is connected with the third optical fiber coupler (10), the seventh port (63) is connected with the sample arm (8), the eighth port (64) is connected with the reference arm (9), and light beams respectively enter the sample arm (8) and the reference arm (9) from the seventh port (63) and the eighth port (64) after passing through the second optical fiber coupler (6);
the third optical fiber coupler (10) adopts a 2X2 optical fiber coupler which is provided with a ninth port (101), a tenth port (102), an eleventh port (103) and a twelfth port (104), the ninth port (101) is correspondingly connected with the sixth port (62) of the second optical fiber coupler (6), the tenth port (102) is connected with the reference arm (9), the eleventh port (103) and the twelfth port (104) are connected with a balance detector (11), and the balance detector (11) is connected with the control center (1);
little air pulse emitter (3) include signal generator (13), driver (14), gas bomb (15), install solenoid valve (16) on the output pipeline of gas bomb (15), install shower nozzle (17) on solenoid valve (16), signal generator (13) are connected with control center (1), driver (14), can provide input control signal for driver (14), solenoid valve (16) are connected in driver (14), can control the solenoid valve and open and close the action.
2. A non-contact posterior polo scleral high-speed swept optical coherence elastography system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first fiber coupler (5) has a splitting ratio of 90.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: the central wavelength of the sweep frequency light source (4) is 1060nm, and the scanning speed of the sweep frequency light source (4) is more than 100kHz.
4. A non-contact posterior polo scleral high-speed swept optical coherence elastography system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sample arm (8) comprises a first collimating mirror (81), a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer (82), a dichroic mirror (83), a focusing mirror (84) and a front mirror (85) which are sequentially arranged, and further comprises a fixation sighting mark (86), wherein the fixation sighting mark (86) and the dichroic mirror (83) are correspondingly arranged.
5. A non-contact posterior polo scleral high-speed swept optical coherence elastography system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reference arm (9) comprises a second collimating mirror (91) and a third collimating mirror (92) which are correspondingly arranged, the second collimating mirror (91) is connected with an eighth port (64) of the second optical fiber coupler (6), and the third collimating mirror (92) is connected with a tenth port (102) of the third optical fiber coupler (10).
6. A non-contact posterior polo scleral high-speed swept optical coherence elastography system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the micro air pulse transmitting device (3) further comprises a direct current power supply (18), wherein the direct current power supply (18) is connected with the driver (14) and can provide 24V instantaneous voltage and 5V maintaining voltage for the driver (14).
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