CN217868141U - System for synchronously preparing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oil field boiler flue gas - Google Patents

System for synchronously preparing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oil field boiler flue gas Download PDF

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CN217868141U
CN217868141U CN202221385706.0U CN202221385706U CN217868141U CN 217868141 U CN217868141 U CN 217868141U CN 202221385706 U CN202221385706 U CN 202221385706U CN 217868141 U CN217868141 U CN 217868141U
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nitrogen
outlet
carbon dioxide
inlet
carbon
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甘典凤
陈柏全
任正荣
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Xi'an Benqing Chemical Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a system for nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide are prepared in step to oil field boiler flue gas relates to oil field boiler flue gas and handles the field, include: carbon nitrogen separation subsystem: separating nitrogen and carbon dioxide; a flue gas pretreatment subsystem: the flue gas entering the carbon and nitrogen separation subsystem is pretreated before the separation subsystem; a nitrogen treatment subsystem: the nitrogen treatment device is positioned behind the carbon and nitrogen separation subsystem and is used for treating nitrogen generated by the carbon and nitrogen separation subsystem; and a carbon dioxide treatment subsystem: after the carbon and nitrogen separation subsystem, for treating carbon dioxide produced by the carbon and nitrogen separation subsystem. In the process of collecting carbon dioxide, the nitrogen in the tail gas is enriched and used as the raw material gas for nitrogen separation, thereby improving the separation efficiency and reducing the production cost; compared with the traditional method, the method can continuously and stably provide high-quality carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and meets the requirement of gas injection purity.

Description

System for synchronously preparing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oil field boiler flue gas
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an oil field boiler flue gas field of handling especially relates to a system for nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide are prepared in step to oil field boiler flue gas.
Background
Generally, high-quality carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas sources are concentrated in a chemical area, are far away from an oil field gas injection area, and have high conveying cost. With the increase of the exploitation time limit of the oil field and the reduction of the oil-gas ratio, development modes face conversion, low-cost nitrogen and carbon dioxide are needed for later oil extraction gas drive and compound drive development, and how to obtain the low-cost nitrogen and carbon dioxide becomes a main factor restricting the development of the gas drive technology.
Chinese utility model patent CN107899376A discloses a combined capturing and recovering device and method for carbon dioxide and nitrogen in flue gas, the device comprises a flue gas treatment system, a first CO 2 Membrane separation unit, secondary CO 2 A membrane separation unit and an N2 membrane separation unit. The device belongs to a membrane recovery mode, although carbon dioxide and nitrogen can be captured simultaneously, the product purity is low, the requirement of the membrane on the cleanliness of an air source is high, the blockage is easily generated in the using process of equipment, the service life is short due to inconvenient maintenance after the blockage, and meanwhile, the price of the membrane is high, so that the device is not suitable for industrial application.
Chinese utility model patent CN110498416A discloses "a system for coal fired power plant boiler flue gas synchronous recovery carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas", including flue gas pretreatment system, PSA1 system, PSA2 system, carbon dioxide compression purification system, carbon dioxide rectification storage system, PSA system high-purity nitrogen system. Although the system can capture carbon dioxide and nitrogen to a large extent, the system has the problems of inflexible equipment operation, high energy consumption and low carbon dioxide recovery rate. When the nitrogen yield of the later stage is reduced or the capture is not performed, the pressure compression value of the former stage is too high, and the power consumption is large.
Chinese utility model patent CN113975950A discloses a system and method for synchronously recycling carbon dioxide and nitrogen in flue gas by chemical method and PSA method, and uses the chemical method and PSA method to synchronously recycle carbon dioxide and nitrogen in flue gas, including carbon dioxide chemical method recovery system, carbon dioxide refining liquefaction system and nitrogen PSA concentration purification system. The method needs to consume a large amount of steam in the process of carbon-nitrogen separation by using a chemical amine method, the steam produced by the oil field gas boiler is used for steam injection and oil displacement, the steam consumption influences the steam yield of the gas boiler, and the process is not suitable for the oil field gas boiler.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a system for synchronously producing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from flue gas of an oilfield boiler to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to obtain low-cost high-quality carbon dioxide and nitrogen for gas injection oil displacement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides a system for synchronously preparing nitrogen and carbon dioxide by oil field boiler flue gas, which adopts any one of the two methods to synchronously prepare nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model also provides a system for nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide are prepared in step to oil field boiler flue gas, a serial communication port, include:
a carbon-nitrogen separation unit: separating nitrogen and carbon dioxide;
flue gas pretreatment unit: the flue gas entering the carbon-nitrogen separation unit is pretreated before the carbon-nitrogen separation unit;
a nitrogen treatment unit: the nitrogen gas is positioned behind the carbon and nitrogen separation unit and used for treating the nitrogen gas generated by the carbon and nitrogen separation unit; and
a carbon dioxide treatment unit: and the carbon and nitrogen separation unit is positioned behind the carbon and nitrogen separation unit and is used for treating the carbon dioxide generated by the carbon and nitrogen separation unit.
Preferably, the flue gas pretreatment unit comprises: the device comprises a water washing tower, a circulating pump, a cooler, a flue gas compressor and a dryer; the inlet at the bottom of the washing tower is flue gas to be treated, the inlet at the upper part of the washing tower is connected with the outlet of the cooler, the outlet at the bottom of the washing tower is connected with the inlet of the circulating pump, and the outlet at the upper part of the washing tower is connected with the inlet of the flue gas compressor; the outlet of the circulating pump is connected with the inlet of the cooler; the inlet of the dryer is connected with the outlet of the flue gas compressor, and the outlet of the dryer is connected with the carbon-nitrogen separation unit.
Preferably, the carbon and nitrogen separation unit comprises: carbon nitrogen separation PSA, PSA compressor and carbon dioxide purification PSA; the inlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA is connected with the flue gas pretreatment unit, the lower outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA is connected with the inlet of the PSA compressor, and the upper outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA is mixed with the upper outlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA and then connected with the nitrogen treatment unit; the outlet of the PSA compressor is connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA; and the lower inlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA is connected with a carbon dioxide treatment unit.
Preferably, the nitrogen treatment unit is a nitrogen purification PSA, the inlet of the nitrogen purification PSA is nitrogen generated by the carbon and nitrogen separation unit, the top outlet is low-concentration nitrogen, and the bottom outlet is product nitrogen.
Preferably, the carbon dioxide processing unit comprises: the system comprises a rectification compressor, a precooler, a rectification tower and a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank; the inlet of the rectification compressor is carbon dioxide generated by the carbon-nitrogen separation unit, and the outlet of the rectification compressor is connected with the first inlet of the precooler; the first outlet of the precooler is connected with the inlet of the rectifying tower, and the second outlet of the rectifying compressor precools the recovered low-concentration carbon dioxide; a second inlet of the rectification compressor is connected with an outlet at the upper part of the rectification tower; an outlet at the upper part of the rectifying tower is connected with an inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank; and the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is product liquid carbon dioxide.
In order to realize the above object, the utility model also provides a system for nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide are prepared in step to oil field boiler flue gas, include: the system comprises a water washing tower, a circulating pump, a cooler, a flue gas compressor, a dryer, a carbon-nitrogen separation PSA, a PSA compressor, a carbon dioxide purification PSA, a nitrogen purification PSA, a rectification compressor, a precooler, a rectification tower and a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank; the inlet at the bottom of the washing tower is flue gas to be treated, the inlet at the upper part of the washing tower is connected with the outlet of the cooler, the outlet at the bottom of the washing tower is connected with the inlet of the circulating pump, and the outlet at the upper part of the washing tower is connected with the inlet of the flue gas compressor; the outlet of the circulating pump is connected with the inlet of the cooler; the inlet of the dryer is connected with the outlet of the flue gas compressor; the inlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA is connected with the outlet of the dryer, the lower outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA is connected with the inlet of the PSA compressor, and the upper outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA is mixed with the upper outlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA and then connected with the inlet of the nitrogen purification PSA (9); the outlet of the PSA compressor is connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA; the inlet of the rectification compressor is connected with the outlet at the lower part of the PSA, and the outlet of the rectification compressor is connected with the first inlet of the precooler; the first outlet of the precooler is connected with the inlet of the rectifying tower, and the second outlet of the rectifying compressor precools the recovered low-concentration carbon dioxide; the second inlet of the rectification compressor is connected with the outlet at the upper part of the rectification tower; an outlet at the upper part of the rectifying tower is connected with an inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank; the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank is product liquid carbon dioxide; the top outlet of the nitrogen purification PSA is low-concentration nitrogen, and the bottom outlet is product nitrogen.
The utility model provides a method and a system for synchronously preparing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oil field gas boiler flue gas, in the process of capturing carbon dioxide, nitrogen in tail gas is enriched and is used as raw material gas for nitrogen separation, thereby improving the separation efficiency and reducing the production cost; compared with the traditional method, the method can continuously and stably provide high-quality carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and meet the requirement of gas injection purity; the production device of the system is arranged on the oil field, and the rear end of the oil field gas boiler is closer to the well mouth, so that the conveying cost is reduced.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system structure diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. washing the tower with water;
2. a circulation pump;
3. a cooler;
4. a flue gas compressor;
5. a dryer;
6. carbon nitrogen separation PSA;
7. a PSA compressor;
8. purifying PSA by carbon dioxide;
9. PSA is purified by nitrogen;
10. a rectification compressor;
11. a precooler;
12. a rectifying tower;
13. a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly understood and appreciated by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
As shown in fig. 1, a system for synchronously producing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from flue gas of an oilfield boiler comprises: the system comprises a water washing tower 1, a circulating pump 2, a cooler 3, a flue gas compressor 4, a dryer 5, a carbon-nitrogen separation PSA6, a PSA compressor 7, a carbon dioxide purification PSA8, a nitrogen purification PSA9, a rectification compressor 10, a precooler 11, a rectification tower 12 and a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 13;
the inlet at the bottom of the water washing tower 1 is flue gas to be treated;
an inlet at the upper part of the water washing tower 1 is connected with an outlet of the cooler 3, an outlet at the bottom of the water washing tower 1 is connected with an inlet of the circulating pump 2, and an outlet at the upper part of the water washing tower 1 is connected with an inlet of the flue gas compressor 4;
the outlet of the circulating pump 2 is connected with the inlet of the cooler 3;
the inlet of the dryer 5 is connected with the outlet of the flue gas compressor 4;
an inlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA6 is connected with an outlet of the dryer 5, a lower outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA6 is connected with a PSA compressor 7, and an upper outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA6 is mixed with an upper outlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA8 and then connected with a nitrogen purification PSA9;
the outlet of the PSA compressor 7 is connected with the inlet of a carbon dioxide purification PSA 8;
an inlet of a rectification compressor 10 is connected with an outlet at the lower part of the PSA8 for carbon dioxide purification, and an outlet of the rectification compressor 10 is connected with a first inlet of a precooler 11;
a first outlet of the precooler 11 is connected with an inlet of the rectifying tower 12, and a second outlet of the rectifying compressor 10 precools the recovered low-concentration carbon dioxide; a second inlet of the rectification compressor 10 is connected with an outlet at the upper part of the rectification tower 12;
an outlet at the upper part of the rectifying tower 12 is connected with an inlet of a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 13;
the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 13 is the product liquid carbon dioxide;
the inlet of the nitrogen purification PSA9 is nitrogen generated by a carbon-nitrogen separation unit, the top outlet is low-concentration nitrogen, and the bottom outlet is product nitrogen.
In this embodiment, the water scrubber 1 is specifically a sieve plate spray tower; the flue gas compressor 4 is specifically a screw compressor with a parameter Q =10000m 3 The voltage is 1.0MPa, the Pc is 2, and the voltage is used and prepared at one time in daily life; the processing capacity Q of the dryer 5 =10000m 3 The amount of the medicine is 2, and the medicine is used for one day and is prepared for another day.
The functions of the modules are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1:
flue gas from an oil field gas boiler contains carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen and the like, wherein the content of the carbon dioxide is 7.9mol percent, and the content of the nitrogen is 72.9mol percent;
the inlet of the water scrubber 1 is provided with gas boiler flue gas, the outlet at the bottom is provided with high-temperature circulating cooling water, and the outlet at the top is provided with cooled gas boiler flue gas;
an inlet of the circulating pump 2 is high-temperature circulating cooling water at the bottom of the washing tower, and an outlet of the circulating pump is pressurized high-temperature circulating cooling water;
the inlet of the cooler 3 is high-temperature circulating cooling water, and the outlet of the cooler 3 is low-temperature cooling circulating water;
a flue gas compressor 4, wherein the inlet of the flue gas compressor is cooled flue gas of the gas-fired boiler;
the inlet of the dryer 5 is pressurized gas boiler flue gas;
PSA6 for carbon-nitrogen separation, wherein the inlet is dried gas boiler flue gas, the top outlet is medium-concentration nitrogen, and the bottom outlet is medium-concentration carbon dioxide;
the inlet of the PSA compressor 7 is medium-concentration carbon dioxide, and the outlet is pressurized medium-concentration carbon dioxide;
purifying PSA8 by using carbon dioxide, wherein the inlet of the PSA is pressurized medium-concentration carbon dioxide, the top outlet of the PSA is medium-concentration nitrogen, and the bottom outlet of the PSA is high-concentration carbon dioxide;
PSA9 is purified by nitrogen, wherein the inlet is medium-concentration nitrogen, the top outlet is low-concentration nitrogen which is directly discharged into the atmosphere, and the bottom outlet is high-concentration nitrogen;
a rectification compressor 10, wherein the inlet is high-concentration carbon dioxide, and the outlet is pressurized carbon dioxide;
the precooler 11 is provided with a first inlet for pressurized carbon dioxide, a first outlet for precooled carbon dioxide, a second inlet for low-concentration carbon dioxide at the top outlet of the rectifying tower and a second outlet for precooled and recycled low-concentration carbon dioxide;
an inlet of the rectifying tower 12 is precooled carbon dioxide, an outlet at the top is low-concentration carbon dioxide, and an outlet at the bottom is liquid carbon dioxide;
the inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank 13 is liquid carbon dioxide from the bottom of the rectifying tower, the outlet is product liquid carbon dioxide, the pressure is 2.4MPa, the temperature is-23 ℃, and the purity is more than 99.5%.
PSA is a novel gas separation technology based on the principle that when molecular sieves are used to separate different gas molecules, different gaseous molecules are used to separate the gas mixture. The separation of nitrogen and oxygen from air is realized through the selective adsorption characteristic of the high-efficiency and high-selectivity solid adsorbent to nitrogen and oxygen.
In the carbon dioxide capturing process of the embodiment, nitrogen in the tail gas is enriched and is used as a raw material gas for nitrogen separation, so that the separation efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced; compared with the traditional method, the method can continuously and stably provide high-quality carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and meet the requirement of gas injection purity; the production device is arranged on the oil field, and the rear end of the oil field gas boiler is close to the well mouth, so that the conveying cost is reduced.
Be equipped with the utility model discloses afterwards, steam injection boiler function no longer restricts to supplying steam, is equipped with the utility model discloses device low-cost nitrogen gas of production and carbon dioxide make steam injection boiler change low carbon air feed (vapour) and synthesize the station, for the compound steam development of gas drive provides the low-cost air supply, reduces discharging a large amount of carbon dioxide simultaneously.
The foregoing has described in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of this invention without undue experimentation. Therefore, the technical solutions that can be obtained by logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concepts of the present invention by those skilled in the art should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a system for nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide are prepared in step to oil field boiler flue gas which characterized in that includes:
a carbon-nitrogen separation unit: separating nitrogen and carbon dioxide;
flue gas pretreatment unit: the flue gas entering the carbon-nitrogen separation unit is pretreated before the carbon-nitrogen separation unit;
a nitrogen treatment unit: the nitrogen gas is positioned behind the carbon and nitrogen separation unit and used for treating the nitrogen gas generated by the carbon and nitrogen separation unit; and
a carbon dioxide treatment unit: and the carbon and nitrogen separation unit is positioned behind the carbon and nitrogen separation unit and is used for treating the carbon dioxide generated by the carbon and nitrogen separation unit.
2. The system for synchronously producing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oilfield boiler flue gas as defined in claim 1, wherein the flue gas pretreatment unit comprises: the device comprises a water washing tower (1), a circulating pump (2), a cooler (3), a flue gas compressor (4) and a dryer (5);
the inlet at the bottom of the water washing tower (1) is flue gas to be treated, the inlet at the upper part of the water washing tower (1) is connected with the outlet of the cooler (3), the outlet at the bottom of the water washing tower (1) is connected with the inlet of the circulating pump (2), and the outlet at the upper part of the water washing tower (1) is connected with the inlet of the flue gas compressor (4);
the outlet of the circulating pump (2) is connected with the inlet of the cooler (3);
the inlet of the dryer (5) is connected with the outlet of the flue gas compressor (4), and the outlet of the dryer (5) is connected with a carbon-nitrogen separation unit.
3. The system for synchronously producing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oilfield boiler flue gas as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbon and nitrogen separation unit comprises: carbon nitrogen separation PSA (6), PSA compressor (7), and carbon dioxide purification PSA (8):
the inlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA (6) is connected with the flue gas pretreatment unit, the lower outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA (6) is connected with the PSA compressor (7), and the upper outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA (6) is mixed with the upper outlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA (8) and then connected with the nitrogen treatment unit;
the outlet of the PSA compressor (7) is connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA (8);
the lower inlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA (8) is connected with a carbon dioxide treatment unit.
4. The system for synchronously preparing nitrogen and carbon dioxide by using oilfield boiler flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen treatment unit is a nitrogen purification PSA (9), the inlet of the nitrogen purification PSA (9) is nitrogen generated by the carbon-nitrogen separation unit, the top outlet is low-concentration nitrogen, and the bottom outlet is product nitrogen.
5. The system for synchronously producing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oilfield boiler flue gas as defined in claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide treatment unit comprises: a rectification compressor (10), a precooler (11), a rectification tower (12) and a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (13);
the inlet of the rectification compressor (10) is carbon dioxide generated by the carbon-nitrogen separation unit, and the outlet of the rectification compressor (10) is connected with the first inlet of the precooler (11);
a first outlet of the precooler (11) is connected with an inlet of the rectifying tower (12), and a second outlet of the rectifying compressor (10) is precooled and recycled low-concentration carbon dioxide; a second inlet of the rectification compressor (10) is connected with an outlet at the upper part of the rectification tower (12);
an outlet at the upper part of the rectifying tower (12) is connected with an inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (13);
and the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (13) is product liquid carbon dioxide.
6. The utility model provides a system for nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide are prepared in step to oil field boiler flue gas which characterized in that includes: the system comprises a water washing tower (1), a circulating pump (2), a cooler (3), a flue gas compressor (4), a dryer (5), a carbon-nitrogen separation PSA (6), a PSA compressor (7), a carbon dioxide purification PSA (8), a nitrogen purification PSA (9), a rectification compressor (10), a precooler (11), a rectification tower (12) and a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (13);
the inlet at the bottom of the water washing tower (1) is flue gas to be treated, the inlet at the upper part of the water washing tower (1) is connected with the outlet of the cooler (3), the outlet at the bottom of the water washing tower (1) is connected with the inlet of the circulating pump (2), and the outlet at the upper part of the water washing tower (1) is connected with the inlet of the flue gas compressor (4);
the outlet of the circulating pump (2) is connected with the inlet of the cooler (3);
the inlet of the dryer (5) is connected with the outlet of the flue gas compressor (4);
the inlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA (6) is connected with the outlet of the dryer (5), the lower outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA (6) is connected with a PSA compressor (7), the upper outlet of the carbon-nitrogen separation PSA (6) is mixed with the upper outlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA (8) and then is connected with the inlet of a nitrogen purification PSA (9);
the outlet of the PSA compressor (7) is connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA (8);
the inlet of the rectification compressor (10) is connected with the lower outlet of the carbon dioxide purification PSA (8), and the outlet of the rectification compressor (10) is connected with the first inlet of the precooler (11);
a first outlet of the precooler (11) is connected with an inlet of the rectifying tower (12), and a second outlet of the rectifying compressor (10) pre-cools and recovers low-concentration carbon dioxide; a second inlet of the rectification compressor (10) is connected with an outlet at the upper part of the rectification tower (12);
an outlet at the upper part of the rectifying tower (12) is connected with an inlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (13);
the outlet of the liquid carbon dioxide storage tank (13) is product liquid carbon dioxide;
the top outlet of the nitrogen purification PSA (9) is low-concentration nitrogen, and the bottom outlet is product nitrogen.
CN202221385706.0U 2022-06-02 2022-06-02 System for synchronously preparing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oil field boiler flue gas Active CN217868141U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114852973A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-08-05 西安本清化学技术有限公司 Method and system for synchronously preparing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oil field boiler flue gas

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114852973A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-08-05 西安本清化学技术有限公司 Method and system for synchronously preparing nitrogen and carbon dioxide from oil field boiler flue gas

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