CN217858801U

CN217858801U - Protective lens module for laser cladding machining head for laser material increase

Info

Publication number: CN217858801U
Application number: CN202221682991.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 纪楠; 迟海龙
Original assignee: Nanjing Zhongke Raycham Laser Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Zhongke Raycham Laser Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-30
Filing date: 2022-06-30
Publication date: 2022-11-22
Anticipated expiration: 2032-06-30

Abstract

The utility model relates to a laser vibration material disk makes technical field, particularly relates to a protective glass module for laser cladding processing head for laser vibration material disk, include: the protective glass upper cover is internally provided with a second annular step and a first annular step from a first end of the protective glass upper cover along the laser light path direction, and a drawer cavity is internally provided from a second end of the protective glass upper cover and extends to the side wall of the protective glass upper cover; the utility model discloses accomplish relative position between the two through guide bar and guide way complex mode between protective glass drawer and the protective glass upper cover and fix, and protective glass itself and protective glass drawer adopt the mode of block gland fixed, do not need the use tool when whole protective glass is changed, also need not remove the inertia protective gas atmosphere of glove box, wear gloves in the glove box and can accomplish the change to improve the continuity of vibration material disk processing.

Description

Protective lens module for laser cladding machining head for laser material increase

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a laser vibration material disk makes technical field, particularly relates to a protective glass module for laser cladding processing head for laser vibration material disk.

Background

As an emerging manufacturing technology, laser additive manufacturing technology is applied more and more widely in recent years with the development of modern industry. During the manufacturing process, the metal powder or wire material will melt under the high temperature of the laser, producing a large amount of smoke floating around the laser head. Once introduced into the optical system of the laser head, this dust can contaminate and damage the optical lens. Therefore, the protective glasses are very important for the laser head.

And the problem that the leakproofness is not good often can appear in current protective glass module or the operation is simple and convenient enough when changing the protective glass, especially be in the laser vibration material disk environment in the glove box, it is long consuming time to change the protective glass, and the step is loaded down with trivial details, generally includes: the method comprises the steps of releasing gas in a glove box, releasing connection of the glove box and a welding head, replacing a protective mirror by using a tool, connecting the welding head and the glove box, and inflating the glove box, and the continuity of the additive manufacturing process is seriously influenced.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a protective glass module for laser cladding processing head for laser vibration material disk, include:

the protective glass upper cover is internally provided with a drawer cavity from a second end of the protective glass upper cover along the direction of a laser light path, and the drawer cavity extends to the side wall of the protective glass upper cover;

a protective glass drawer assembled into the drawer cavity from an open end of the drawer cavity, the protective glass drawer being provided with protective glasses thereon;

the protective glasses comprise a protective glasses drawer and a protective glasses upper cover, wherein the protective glasses upper cover is provided with a guide rod, the protective glasses drawer is provided with a locking pin, the locking pin can rotate relative to the protective glasses drawer, and the outer wall of the locking pin is fixedly provided with a guide sleeve with a guide groove;

the guide rod is arranged to enter the first end of the guide groove when the protective glasses drawer slides into the drawer cavity, and move to the second end of the guide groove after the locking pin rotates for a preset angle, so that the protective glasses drawer is tightly attached to the drawer cavity and is relatively fixed with the drawer cavity.

Preferably, the path of the guide groove is arranged as a helical line, so that when the locking pin rotates, the locking pin is driven by the guide rod to move axially along the locking pin.

Preferably, the protective glass drawer comprises a tray and a handle fixed at one end of the tray, double-layer steps are arranged in the tray, the protective glass is arranged on the first layer of steps, and the second layer of steps are provided with lens compression rings.

Preferably, the outer wall of lens clamping ring is equipped with V type groove, the tray is equipped with the bulb jackscrew at second floor step inner wall, works as the lens clamping ring is installed when second floor step, the bulb jackscrew card is in the V type groove.

Preferably, a groove is formed in one end, close to the handle, of the tray, the first end of the locking pin penetrates through the handle and is rotatably connected to the groove, the rotating axis of the locking pin is parallel to the drawing-out direction of the tray, and the groove corresponds to the guide rod.

Preferably, a sealing ring is arranged on the end face of the handle, which is in contact with the upper cover of the protective glasses.

Preferably, still include the water-cooling ring, construct second annular step and first annular step from the first end of protective glass upper cover to inside, the water-cooling ring by the first end assembly of protective glass upper cover to second annular step inner wall, and conflict first annular step makes form annular water-cooling channel between water-cooling ring, the protective glass upper cover, be equipped with two through-holes on the lateral wall of protective glass upper cover, two the through-hole all with water-cooling channel intercommunication.

Preferably, the water-cooling ring includes water-cooling chamber ring and clamping ring, the bottom of water-cooling chamber ring is connected the upper end of first annular step, the upper portion of water-cooling chamber ring is connected the up end of second annular step, clamping ring threaded connection to the lateral wall of second annular step makes water-cooling chamber ring compresses tightly first annular step and second annular step.

Preferably, the water-cooling passageway with pass through between the drawer chamber first annular step is separated, the height of tray with the height in drawer chamber is the same, works as the tray enters into behind the drawer chamber, the up end of tray with the lower terminal surface laminating of first annular step, and work as the tray enters into behind the drawer chamber, the up end of lens clamping ring with the lower terminal surface laminating of first annular step.

Preferably, the second end terminal surface of protective glass upper cover is equipped with the protective glass lower cover, the protective glass lower cover is equipped with and corresponds the circular slot that the protective glass distributes, the lateral wall of protective glass lower cover be equipped with the gas guide hole of circular slot intercommunication, the gas guide hole be used for to input coaxial protection gas in the circular slot.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of:

the utility model discloses accomplish relative position between the two through guide bar and guide way complex mode between protective glass drawer and the protective glass upper cover and fix, and protective glass itself and protective glass drawer adopt the mode of block gland fixed, do not need the use tool when whole protective glass is changed, also need not remove the inertia protective gas atmosphere of glove box, wear gloves in the glove box and can accomplish the change to improve the continuity of vibration material disk processing.

Drawings

The figures are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective glass module for a laser cladding processing head for laser material increase according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a protective glass module for a laser cladding processing head for laser material increase according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the water-cooled ring structure shown in the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the protective glass drawer of the present invention;

fig. 6 is an assembly view of the protective glasses according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

For a better understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the appended drawings.

Because the produced flue gas can pollute the protective glass during laser vibration material disk processing, causes the protective glass intensification even breakage, especially in the laser vibration material disk processing of short focus, the change frequency is once a day usually, and present protective glass generally uses the mode of bolt assembly, and when the protective glass was in the glove box man-hour, the change process of protective glass generally included: releasing the gas in the glove box, releasing the connection between the glove box and the welding head, replacing the protective lens by using a tool, connecting the welding head and the glove box, and inflating the glove box, wherein the continuity of the additive manufacturing process is seriously influenced.

[ laser cladding protective mirror module for machining head for laser material increase ]

With reference to fig. 1-2, the utility model provides a protective glass module for laser cladding processing head for laser vibration material disk mainly includes protective glass upper cover 1, water-cooling ring 2 and protective glass drawer, and in order to satisfy the quick detach of protective glass drawer, water-cooling structure and drawer chamber 103 are constructed into relatively independent space, so, when changing the protective glass, do not have the influence to water-cooling structure.

Protective glasses upper cover

The protective glass upper cover 1 constructs a second annular step 12 and a first annular step 11 from a first end of the protective glass upper cover 1 to the inside along the laser light path direction, constructs a drawer cavity 103 from a second end of the protective glass upper cover 1 to the inside, and the drawer cavity 103 extends to the side wall of the protective glass upper cover 1.

Therefore, on the basis of meeting the requirement of quick disassembly, the applicant hopes that the water cooling structure can have better heat exchange efficiency for the protective lens and is beneficial to processing and assembling workpieces.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2-3, the protective mirror upper cover 1 is integrally configured into a rectangular block shape, a second annular step 12 and a first annular step 11 are sequentially formed from the upper side of the protective mirror upper cover 1 to the lower side, wherein the diameter of the first annular step 11 is smaller than that of the second annular step 12, a double-layer step surface is formed, the drawer cavity 103 is formed by processing the lower part of the protective mirror upper cover 1 into a cylindrical space, and then the cylindrical space is communicated with the side wall end surface of the protective mirror upper cover 1, so that the drawer cavity 103 is formed.

Wherein, bolt holes are arranged around the second annular step 12 of the protective glass upper cover 1, and the protective glass upper cover is assembled below the field lens through bolts, and when the protective glass 6 is replaced, only the protective glass drawer in the drawer cavity 103 needs to be horizontally drawn out.

Water cooling ring

Further, the water cooling ring 2 is assembled to the inner wall of the second annular step 12 from the first end of the protective glass upper cover 1 and abuts against the first annular step 11, so that an annular water cooling channel 201 is formed between the water cooling ring 2 and the protective glass upper cover 1.

So, assemble the mode to second annular step 12 and first annular step 11 through water-cooling ring 2, construct the annular water-cooling channel 201 of department in the top of drawer chamber 103, can carry out the heat exchange that lasts to a week of drawer chamber 103, and only separate through first annular step 11 between water-cooling channel 201 and the drawer chamber 103, can guarantee higher heat exchange capacity, through to protective glass 6 outer fringe and shorter isolation medium, reach good cooling performance on the whole.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the water cooling ring 2 includes a water cooling cavity ring 22 and a pressure ring 21, wherein the bottom of the water cooling cavity ring 22 is connected to the upper end of the first annular step 11, the upper portion of the water cooling cavity ring 22 is connected to the upper end surface of the second annular step 12, and the pressure ring 21 is screwed to the side wall of the second annular step 12, so that the water cooling cavity ring 22 is tightly pressed against the first annular step 11 and the second annular step 12.

Therefore, after the water-cooling cavity ring 22 is tightly pressed on the first annular step 11 and the second annular step 12, a sealed water-cooling channel 201 is formed between the water-cooling cavity ring 22 and the first annular step 11 and the second annular step 12, and after flowing cooling liquid is filled in the water-cooling channel 201, heat generated in the direction of the drawer cavity 103 can be quickly taken away through heat exchange with surrounding structures, particularly the heat exchange with the first annular step 11.

When the protective glass upper cover 1 is used, the two through holes 102 are respectively connected to a cooling liquid inlet pipe and a cooling liquid outlet pipe, so that the cooling liquid in the water cooling channel 201 forms a circular flow and continuously flows.

As shown in fig. 4, optionally, the water-cooling cavity ring 22 includes an annular cylinder wall, an upper annular plate and a lower annular plate, the upper annular plate and the lower annular plate are respectively connected to the upper end and the lower end of the annular cylinder wall, the width of the upper annular plate is greater than that of the lower annular plate, the upper annular plate is connected to the upper end surface of the second annular step 12, and the lower annular plate is connected to the upper end surface of the first annular step 12.

Thus, the annular water-cooling channel 201 with a rectangular cross section is formed on the inner side of the annular cylinder wall of the water-cooling cavity ring 22, the annular water-cooling channel 201 is distributed on the periphery of the edge of the protective mirror 6, heat is transferred to the cooling liquid in the annular water-cooling channel 201 in a heat conduction mode, the heat is taken away through the circulating flow of the cooling liquid, and the protective mirror 6 is kept cooled.

Preferably, the upper end surfaces of the first annular step 11 and the second annular step 12 are provided with sealing rings, the annular water-cooling channel 201 forms a reliable sealed cavity through the arrangement of the sealing rings, leakage is avoided, and particularly, after the pressure ring 21 is connected to the inner wall of the second annular step 12 through threads, the water-cooling cavity ring 22 can be in close contact with the sealing rings.

Protective glass drawer

The protective glass drawer is assembled in the drawer cavity 103 from the open end of the drawer cavity 103, the protective glass 6 is arranged on the protective glass drawer, and the axis of the protective glass 6 is overlapped with the axes of the first annular step 11 and the second annular step 12.

The protective glass 6 is arranged on the light path of the laser, when the metal powder is irradiated by the laser and melted, the generated smoke adheres to the surface of the protective glass 6 upwards, so that the protective glass 6 has a protective effect on other optical lenses of the laser head, and as the adhesion amount of the smoke increases, the more the energy of the laser accumulated on the surface of the protective glass 6 increases, the temperature of the protective glass 6 increases.

In the laser vibration material disk of short focal length uses, because protective glass 6 is close apart from the machined surface distance, the temperature rise is fast, changes frequently, consequently, protective glass 6 times sets to the assembly in the protective glass drawer, and the protective glass drawer and drawer chamber 103 sliding connection change protective glass 6 through the mode of taking out, make the change process more convenient fast.

Further, as shown in fig. 3-4, the water-cooling channel 201 is separated from the drawer cavity 103 by the first annular step 11, so as to ensure that the drawing-out of the protective mirror drawer does not interfere with the water-cooling structure, and at the same time, ensure that the water-cooling structure can form a good cooling effect on the protective mirror 6.

Optionally, the protective glass drawer includes a tray 31 and a handle 3 fixed to one end of the tray 31, the height of the tray 31 is the same as the height of the drawer cavity 103, and after the tray 31 enters the drawer cavity 103, the upper end surface of the tray 31 is attached to the lower end surface of the first annular step 11.

Preferably, the tray 31 and the protective glass upper cover 1 are formed by metal processing with good thermal conductivity, such as stainless steel, and the tray 31 is kept attached to the first annular step 11, so that the heat conduction capability can be improved, and the protective glass 6 can rapidly dissipate heat.

Quick-release structure

As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 5, in order to complete the replacement of the protective glass 6 in the glove box without releasing the inert protective gas atmosphere of the glove box, the protective glass upper cover 1 is provided with a guide rod 52, the protective glass drawer is provided with a locking pin 5, the locking pin 5 is arranged to be rotatable relative to the protective glass drawer, and a guide sleeve 53 with a guide groove 54 is fixed on the outer wall of the locking pin 5;

the guide lever 52 is configured to enter a first end of the guide groove 54 when the protective glass drawer is slid into the drawer cavity 103, and to move to a second end of the guide groove 54 after the locking pin 5 is rotated by a predetermined angle, so that the protective glass drawer is closely attached to and relatively fixed with respect to the drawer cavity 103.

Therefore, when the protective glass drawer is drawn out and put in, the manual operation of wearing gloves in the glove box can be completed without using auxiliary tools or destroying the protective gas state in the glove box.

As shown in fig. 2, a slot 104 is provided in the protective glasses upper cover 1, a section of the guide rod 52 is fixed in the slot 104, and the lowest end of the guide rod 52 is located at the highest point of the high drawer cavity 103 and is located on the moving path of the guide groove 54.

Further, as shown in fig. 5 to 6, a groove is formed at one end of the tray 31 close to the handle 3, the first end of the locking pin 5 penetrates through the handle 3 and is rotatably connected in the groove, the rotation axis of the locking pin 5 is parallel to the drawing direction of the tray 31, and the groove corresponds to the position of the slot 104.

The path of the guide groove 54 is arranged in a spiral line, so that when the lock pin 5 rotates, the guide rod 52 moves axially along the lock pin 5.

Specifically, when the tray 31 is assembled in the drawer cavity 103 and gradually slides inwards, the guide rod 52 enters the first end of the guide groove 54, and the guide groove 54 is a section of spiral line, at this time, the tray 31 cannot be inserted continuously, the knob 51 is arranged at the tail end of the locking pin 5, when the knob 51 is rotated clockwise, the guide sleeve 53 rotates, the guide groove 54 and the guide rod 52 slide relatively, the rotary motion of the guide sleeve 53 is changed into the axial motion of the locking pin 5, the tail end stroke of the tray 31 entering the drawer cavity 103 is controlled by the guide sleeve 53, and meanwhile, the initial stroke of the tray 31 drawn out from the drawer cavity 103 is also controlled by the guide sleeve 53.

Further, be equipped with double-deck step in the tray 31, protective glass 6 is set up to first layer step, and second layer step is equipped with lens clamping ring 61, enters into drawer chamber 103 back when tray 31, and the up end of lens clamping ring 61 and the lower terminal surface laminating of first annular step 11.

So, the protective glass 6 assembles tray 31 in with simple and reliable's mode, carries out axial positioning to protective glass 6 through the mode of covering lens clamping ring 61, and fills in drawer chamber 103 back when tray 31, and lens clamping ring 61 contradicts first annular step 11, forms spacing to lens clamping ring 61, and on the other hand has also realized the heat-conduction between lens clamping ring 61 and the first annular step 11.

In a preferred embodiment, the outer wall of the lens clamping ring 61 is provided with a V-shaped groove, and the tray 31 is provided with a ball-top screw 311 on the inner wall of the second step, so that when the lens clamping ring 61 is mounted on the second step, the ball-top screw 311 is clamped in the V-shaped groove. Therefore, a clamping structure is formed between the lens pressing ring 61 and the tray 31 through the ball head jackscrew 311, and manual assembly and disassembly are facilitated.

Process for changing protective glasses

The replacement process of the protective glasses 6 comprises the following steps: rotating knob 51 ninety degrees counterclockwise to slide guide groove 54 and guide bar 52 relative to each other, and due to the spiral path of guide groove 54, tray 31 moves outward a distance, at which time guide bar 52 moves out of guide groove 54, pulling handle 3 to draw the protective glass drawer out of drawer cavity 103, and then the fingers push protective glass 6 and lens press ring 61 out of tray 31 at the same time from below, and replace new protective glass 6; the protective glasses 6 are placed on the lower step of the double-layer step of the tray 31, then the lens pressing ring 61 is pressed on the surface of the protective glasses 6, the tray 31 with the assembled lens pressing ring 61 and the protective glasses 6 is plugged into the drawer cavity 103 until the guide rod 52 enters the first end of the guide groove 54, at the moment, the knob 51 is rotated clockwise, and under the relative sliding action of the guide rod 52 and the guide groove 54, the tray 31 continues to enter the drawer cavity 103 until the handle 3 is pressed on the surface of the protective glasses upper cover 1.

In the preferred embodiment, the end face of the handle 3 in contact with the protective glasses cover 1 is provided with a sealing ring 32. Therefore, metal powder can not enter the drawer cavity 103 to pollute the protective glasses during additive machining.

Lower cover of protective glasses

Further, as shown in fig. 1-3, when the device is in a non-shielding gas environment, in order to reduce the axial volume of the device under short focus processing, a lower cover 4 of the protective glass is disposed on the second end surface of the upper cover 1 of the protective glass, circular grooves are disposed on the lower cover 4 of the protective glass and distributed corresponding to the protective glass 6, and gas holes 41 communicated with the circular grooves are disposed on the side wall of the lower cover 4 of the protective glass.

Therefore, the air guide hole 41 can be connected with an inert shielding gas nozzle, and coaxial shielding gas can be input into the circular groove through the air guide hole 41, so that independent shielding gas equipment does not need to be added, and the axial size is reduced.

[ LASER MELTING HEAD FOR LASER ADDING MATERIAL ]

The utility model discloses the second aspect provides a technical scheme, a laser cladding processing head for laser vibration material disk uses above-mentioned protective glass module, still includes laser alignment module, scanning mirror and the field lens of shaking, and wherein laser alignment module shakes with the scanning and enters the light mouth of mirror to be connected, and the field lens shakes with the scanning and goes out the light mouth of mirror to be connected, and the protective glass module passes through the below at the field lens of mode connection of bolt fastening.

The protective glass module passes through the bolt assembly to the below back of field lens, change protective glass 6 only need manual operation can, do not need use tools to dismantle, very big reduction the interruption time of vibration material disk processing, and water-cooling structure, protection gas let in the integrated setting of mechanism to the protective glass module, can reduce axial dimensions, be fit for the short focus processing of laser.

[ method of changing protective glasses ]

The utility model discloses the third aspect provides a technical scheme, a protection mirror replacement method uses foretell protection mirror module, including following step:

step 1, rotating the locking pin 5 ninety degrees, and withdrawing the guide rod 52 from the guide groove 54;

step 2, the protective mirror drawer is drawn out along the opening direction of the drawer cavity 103, and the protective mirror 6 and the lens press ring 61 are simultaneously ejected out of the tray 31 from one side of the protective mirror 6 far away from the lens press ring 61 by fingers;

step 3, replacing the new protective glasses 6 in the tray 31, covering the lens press ring 61 on the surface of the protective glasses 6, putting the protective glasses drawer along the opening direction of the drawer cavity 103, and enabling the guide rod 52 to enter the first end of the guide groove 54;

and 4, rotating and resetting the locking pin 5, sliding the guide rod 52 in the guide groove 54, and tightly attaching the protective glass drawer to the protective glass upper cover 1.

Specifically, the replacement process of the protective glasses 6 is as follows: rotating knob 51 ninety degrees counterclockwise to slide guide groove 54 and guide bar 52 relative to each other, and due to the spiral path of guide groove 54, tray 31 moves outward a distance, at which time guide bar 52 moves out of guide groove 54, pulling handle 3 to draw the protective glass drawer out of drawer cavity 103, and then the fingers push protective glass 6 and lens press ring 61 out of tray 31 at the same time from below, and replace new protective glass 6; the protective glass 6 is placed on the lower step of the double-layer step of the tray 31, then the lens pressing ring 61 is pressed on the surface of the protective glass 6, so that the tray 31 with the assembled lens pressing ring 61 and the protective glass 6 is inserted into the drawer cavity 103 until the guide rod 52 enters the first end of the guide groove 54, at the moment, the knob 51 is rotated clockwise, and under the relative sliding action of the guide rod 52 and the guide groove 54, the tray 31 continues to enter the drawer cavity 103 until the handle 3 is pressed on the surface of the protective glass upper cover 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the protective lens is inside the glove box; and (2) an isolation space and a processing space are arranged in the glove box, the isolation space and the processing space are isolated by a sealing door, the protective glasses and the operating gloves are arranged in the isolation space of the glove box, when the protective glasses are replaced, the sealing door is opened by using the operating gloves, and the steps 1-4 are carried out.

Optionally, the sealing door is a push-pull sealing door, which prevents metal powder from polluting operating gloves and spare protective glasses 6 placed in the isolated space during the additive processing process.

In combination with the above embodiment, the utility model discloses independent structure department protective glass drawer chamber and water-cooling chamber in the protective glass upper cover, the protective glass drawer in messenger's drawer chamber does not receive the influence of other spare part assembly relations when the quick replacement protective glass, accomplish relative position between the two through guide bar and guide way complex mode between protective glass drawer and the protective glass upper cover and fix, and protective glass itself adopts the mode of block gland with the protective glass drawer to be fixed, use tools is not needed when whole protective glass is changed, also need not remove the inert shielding gas atmosphere of glove box, wear gloves in the glove box and can accomplish the change, in order to improve the continuity of increase material processing.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is intended to cover by those skilled in the art various modifications and adaptations of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims.

Claims

1. A protective glass module for a laser cladding processing head for laser additive, comprising:

the protective glass upper cover (1) is used for constructing a drawer cavity (103) from the second end of the protective glass upper cover (1) inwards along the laser light path direction, and the drawer cavity (103) extends to the side wall of the protective glass upper cover (1);

a protective glass drawer, which is assembled into the drawer cavity (103) from the open end of the drawer cavity (103), and is provided with a protective glass (6);

the protective glasses comprise a protective glasses upper cover (1), a protective glasses drawer and a locking pin (5), wherein the protective glasses upper cover (1) is provided with a guide rod (52), the protective glasses drawer is provided with the locking pin (5), the locking pin (5) can rotate relative to the protective glasses drawer, and the outer wall of the locking pin (5) is fixedly provided with a guide sleeve (53) with a guide groove (54);

the guide rod (52) is arranged to enter the first end of the guide groove (54) when the protective glass drawer slides into the drawer cavity (103), and move to the second end of the guide groove (54) after the locking pin (5) rotates for a preset angle, so that the protective glass drawer is attached to and relatively fixed with the drawer cavity (103).

2. Protective mirror module for a laser cladding machining head for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that the path of the guide groove (54) is arranged as a segment of a spiral so that the locking pin (5) is driven by the guide rod (52) to move axially along the locking pin (5) when the locking pin (5) rotates.

3. Protective glass module for a laser cladding process head for laser additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective glass drawer comprises a tray (31) and a handle (3) fixed at one end of the tray (31), a double step is arranged in the tray (31), the protective glass (6) is arranged to a first step, and a second step is provided with a lens press ring (61).

4. Protective glass module for a laser cladding machining head for laser additive manufacturing according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer wall of the lens pressing ring (61) is provided with a V-shaped groove, the tray (31) is provided with a ball head jackscrew (311) on the inner wall of the second step, and when the lens pressing ring (61) is mounted to the second step, the ball head jackscrew (311) is clamped in the V-shaped groove.

5. Protective lens module for a laser cladding machining head for laser additive according to claim 3, characterized in that the end of the tray (31) close to the handle (3) is provided with a groove, the first end of the locking pin (5) penetrates the handle (3) and is rotatably connected in the groove, and the axis of rotation of the locking pin (5) is parallel to the direction of extraction of the tray (31), the groove corresponding to the position of the guide rod (52).

6. Protective glass module for a laser cladding machining head for laser additive according to claim 5, characterized in that the end face of the handle (3) that is in contact with the protective glass upper cover (1) is provided with a sealing ring (32).

7. The protective glass module for the laser cladding processing head for the laser additive according to any one of claims 3 to 6, further comprising a water cooling ring (2), wherein a second annular step (12) and a first annular step (11) are formed from a first end of the protective glass upper cover (1) to the inside, the water cooling ring (2) is assembled to the inner wall of the second annular step (12) through the first end of the protective glass upper cover (1) and abuts against the first annular step (11), so that an annular water cooling channel (201) is formed between the water cooling ring (2) and the protective glass upper cover (1), two through holes (102) are formed in the side wall of the protective glass upper cover (1), and the two through holes (102) are both communicated with the water cooling channel (201).

8. The protective glass module for a laser cladding processing head for laser additive according to claim 7, wherein the water cooling ring (2) comprises a water cooling cavity ring (22) and a pressure ring (21), the bottom of the water cooling cavity ring (22) is connected to the upper end of the first annular step (11), the upper part of the water cooling cavity ring (22) is connected to the upper end face of the second annular step (12), and the pressure ring (21) is in threaded connection with the side wall of the second annular step (12) to enable the water cooling cavity ring (22) to be tightly pressed on the first annular step (11) and the second annular step (12).

9. The protective glass module for laser cladding machining head of laser additive material of claim 7, characterized in that, the water-cooling channel (201) with separate through first annular step (11) between drawer chamber (103), the height of tray (31) with the height of drawer chamber (103) is the same, work as tray (31) enters into behind drawer chamber (103), the up end of tray (31) with the lower terminal surface laminating of first annular step (11), and work as tray (31) enters into behind drawer chamber (103), the up end of lens clamping ring (61) with the lower terminal surface laminating of first annular step (11).

10. The protective glass module for a laser cladding machining head for laser additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a protective glass lower cover (4) is arranged on a second end face of the protective glass upper cover (1), circular grooves distributed corresponding to the protective glass (6) are arranged on the protective glass lower cover (4), air guide holes (41) communicated with the circular grooves are formed in the side walls of the protective glass lower cover (4), and the air guide holes (41) are used for inputting coaxial protective gas into the circular grooves.