CN217848965U - Photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system - Google Patents

Photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN217848965U
CN217848965U CN202222086803.6U CN202222086803U CN217848965U CN 217848965 U CN217848965 U CN 217848965U CN 202222086803 U CN202222086803 U CN 202222086803U CN 217848965 U CN217848965 U CN 217848965U
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grid
switch
photovoltaic
voltage
control module
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田丰
王立军
陈星�
陈松
樊刚
吴文松
严巨杰
樊文武
唐明鹏
袁梦旭
杨礼萍
王键文
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Yibin Fengchuan Smart Energy Co ltd
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Yibin Fengchuan Smart Energy Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic is from grid-connected system, including control module, a plurality of photovoltaic array, buck/Boost converter, direct current generating line, DC/AC one-way rectifier, low voltage electric wire netting, two-way transformer T1, high voltage electric wire netting, switch K1, switch K2 and alternating current load; the photovoltaic arrays are respectively connected with a direct current bus through the Buck/Boost converter; a direct current interface of the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier is connected with the direct current bus, and an alternating current load, a switch K1 and a switch K2 are connected in parallel with the alternating current interface; the switch K1 is connected with the bidirectional transformer T1, and the voltage is boosted and then is merged into a high-voltage power grid; the switch K2 is connected with a low-voltage power grid; the control module is in communication connection with the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier, the switch K1 and the switch K2; the control module is also provided with a power detection module for detecting the current and the voltage of the alternating current load branch circuit. The normal driving of the alternating current load under various conditions can be met through the arrangement, and the economical efficiency of the photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system is improved.

Description

Photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a photovoltaic power generation system technical field especially relates to a photovoltaic is from grid-connected system.
Background
In recent years, due to the serious emission of greenhouse gases caused by the heavy use of fossil fuels, global climate fluctuation such as flood disasters and long-term high temperature problems are aggravated, and in order to solve the problems, solar energy is regarded as a zero-emission energy acquisition mode to be emphasized by various countries.
However, photovoltaic power generation also has some problems, such as the influence of illumination intensity and weather, which causes the output power of the photovoltaic module to have certain fluctuation and intermittency, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module is directly used for driving the load, and the change of power affects the service life of the load. After the energy storage system is added, most of the energy storage batteries are adopted and need to be charged and discharged frequently, so that the service life of the energy storage batteries is relatively low, and the comprehensive cost is relatively high; secondly, when the illumination intensity is good, the electric quantity generated by the photovoltaic module is large, and the load cannot be effectively utilized, the PWM signal of the Boost circuit is controlled in the prior art, so that the output power of the photovoltaic module is reduced, and the waste of solar energy is caused.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a photovoltaic is from grid-connected system, through the measurement to load power, when the power that photovoltaic module produced is great, merge unnecessary electric energy into the electric wire netting; when the power generated by the photovoltaic module is small, the load is driven by the low-voltage power grid or the high-voltage power grid together, so that the load can normally run.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a following technical scheme: a photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system comprises a control module, a plurality of photovoltaic arrays, a Buck/Boost converter, a direct current bus, a DC/AC unidirectional rectifier, a low-voltage power grid, a bidirectional transformer T1, a high-voltage power grid, a switch K1, a switch K2 and an alternating current load; the photovoltaic arrays are respectively connected with a direct current bus through the Buck/Boost converter; a direct current interface of the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier is connected with the direct current bus, and an alternating current load, a switch K1 and a switch K2 are connected in parallel with the alternating current interface; the switch K1 is connected with the bidirectional transformer T1, and the voltage is boosted and then is merged into a high-voltage power grid; the switch K2 is connected with a low-voltage power grid; the control module is in communication connection with the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier, the switch K1 and the switch K2; the control module is also provided with a power detection module for detecting the current and the voltage of the alternating current load branch circuit.
As a preferred scheme, the MPPT control circuit further comprises an MPPT control module, wherein the MPPT control module is provided with a controller, a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit and a switching tube driving circuit; the voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit are used for collecting the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic array; and the controller controls a switching tube driving circuit to output a PWM signal based on the output voltage and the output current, and controls the on and off of a switching tube in the Buck/Boost converter.
Preferably, the switching tube driving circuit adopts an isolation driving circuit.
Preferably, the switch K1 and the switch K2 are relays, contactors, IGBTs or MOSFETs.
As a preferred scheme, the system also comprises an upper computer, and the upper computer is in communication connection with the control module.
As a preferred scheme, the upper computer comprises an input module, a selection module and an alarm module.
Preferably, the system further comprises an isolation transformer T2, an alternating current interface of the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier is connected with an input end of the isolation transformer T2, and an output end of the isolation transformer T2 is connected with an alternating current load, a switch K1 and a switch K2.
Preferably, the power grid is two-phase or three-phase.
Preferably, an LC filter circuit or an LCL filter circuit is disposed in the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier.
Preferably, the Buck/Boost converter comprises a capacitor C1 connected to the output end of the photovoltaic module, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected in series with the drain electrode of an N-channel type switching tube Q1, the source electrode of the N-channel type switching tube Q1 is electrically connected with an inductor L1 and the cathode of a diode D1, and the anode of the diode D1 is connected in series with a capacitor C2 and is electrically connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 together with the other end of the inductor L1.
The utility model discloses compare with current photovoltaic system, have following advantage:
1) The control module is in communication connection with the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier, the switch K1 and the switch K2; the control module is also provided with a power detection module for detecting the current and the voltage of the alternating current load branch circuit. The problem that the load cannot normally run due to fluctuation of the output power of the photovoltaic module is solved, redundant electric energy is merged into a high-voltage power grid or a low-voltage power grid, and the economy of a photovoltaic system is improved;
2) The influence of field interference on the controller can be effectively inhibited by adopting the isolation driving circuit, and the anti-interference performance of the photovoltaic power generation MPPT control device is improved;
3) The isolation transformer T2 is arranged, so that the safety of the whole photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system is improved to a certain extent; and the quality of electric energy is improved by arranging the LC and LCL filter circuits, and the influence on a power grid is prevented.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit structure diagram of a photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system provided by the embodiment of the invention 1;
fig. 3 is a diagram of an MPPT control module according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of another photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of another photovoltaic off-grid and grid system provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
The various reference numbers in the figures mean:
10-photovoltaic array, 11-direct current bus and 2-MPPT control module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer and clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the low-voltage power grid or the high-voltage power grid incorporated into the photovoltaic off-grid-connected system provided by the utility model can be three-phase or two-phase, and for convenience of explanation, the embodiment of the utility model adopts a three-phase power grid; the two-phase voltage of a conventional low-voltage power grid is 220V, the three-phase voltage is 380V, and the high-voltage power grid is 35-220 kV.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system, which includes a control module, a plurality of photovoltaic arrays 10, a Buck/Boost converter, a direct current bus 11, a DC/AC unidirectional rectifier, a low-voltage power grid, a bidirectional transformer T1, a high-voltage power grid, a switch K1, a switch K2, and an alternating current load; the photovoltaic arrays 10 are respectively connected with a direct current bus through the Buck/Boost converter; a direct current interface of the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier is connected with the direct current bus, and an alternating current load, a switch K1 and a switch K2 are connected in parallel with the alternating current interface; the switch K1 is connected with the bidirectional transformer T1, and the voltage is boosted and then is merged into a high-voltage power grid; the switch K2 is connected with a low-voltage power grid; the control module is in communication connection with the Buck/Boost converter, the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier, the switch K1 and the switch K2; the control module is also provided with a power detection module for detecting the current and the voltage of the alternating current load branch circuit. The state of the circuit or the switch is controlled by setting the control module, so that the alternating current load can normally run.
The intelligent alarm system is characterized by further comprising an upper computer, wherein the upper computer comprises an input module, a selection module and an alarm module. The upper computer is preferably a computer and is provided with a display screen. The input module is used for inputting parameters, such as the price fluctuation period of a low-voltage power grid or a high-voltage power grid, or setting parameter conditions of different operation modes of the control module; the selection module can selectively and manually select a specific operation mode according to the stored operation mode; the alarm module can send alarm information to an upper computer after the control module detects that the photovoltaic grid-connected system is damaged or an electrical element is damaged, so that a maintainer can overhaul the photovoltaic grid-connected system. The switch K0 can be an alternating current load with a switch or is in communication connection with the control module, and when the control module detects that the photovoltaic grid-connected system is abnormal, the K0 switch can be automatically turned on, so that influence on a using end of the alternating current load is prevented.
The voltage and current detection mode is the prior art, and a sampling circuit or a sampling chip can be used for sampling, which is not described herein again.
In this embodiment, the switches K0, K1, and K2 are relays, contactors, IGBTs, or MOSFETs, and MOSFETs are preferably used. Besides the switching function, the switches K1 and K2 can monitor the current and voltage of the low-voltage power grid and the high-voltage power grid, such as the phase of the low-voltage power grid and the high-voltage power grid.
As shown in fig. 2, the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to a Buck/Boost converter, the Buck/Boost converter includes a capacitor C1 connected to an output end of the photovoltaic module, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected in series to a drain of an N-channel switching tube Q1, a source of the N-channel switching tube Q1 is electrically connected to an inductor L1 and a cathode of a diode D1, and an anode of the diode D1 is connected in series to a capacitor C2 and is electrically connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 together with the other end of the inductor L1. The Buck/Boost converter circuits are connected in parallel to the direct current bus 11; the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier has a DC interface connected with the DC bus 11, and an AC interface connected in parallel with an AC load, a switch K1 and a switch K2.
The DC/AC unidirectional rectifier comprises a capacitor C3, a switching tube Q2, a switching tube Q3, a switching tube Q4, a switching tube Q5, a switching tube Q6, a switching tube Q7 and inductors L2-L4; the two switch tubes form a bridge, the bridge is formed by connecting 3 bridges in parallel, and the direct current capacitor C3 is connected with each bridge in parallel. When the converter operates in a rectification working condition, the midpoint of each bridge is a three-phase alternating current output end, and the parallel common end of each bridge is a direct current input end. The switching tubes are respectively electrically connected with the control module, the control module controls the switching of the switching tubes to convert a direct current power supply into alternating current, the control module measures current and voltage signals of a low-voltage or high-voltage power grid, PWM (pulse width modulation) signals are output to control the switching tubes Q2 to Q6 to be switched on and off through measuring voltage and current phases, the alternating current waveform phase output by the photovoltaic power supply is consistent with the power grid, and then each phase of output circuit is connected with inductors L2-L4 in series.
In particular, in the embodiment, the switching transistors Q1 to Q7 are preferably N-channel MOSFETs, which can reduce circuit loss and improve conversion efficiency of the converter compared to other switching elements.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system further includes an MPPT control module 2, where the MPPT control module has a controller, a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit, and a switching tube driving circuit; the voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit are used for collecting the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic module; and the controller controls a switching tube driving circuit to output a PWM signal based on the output voltage and the output current, and controls the on and off of a switching tube in the Buck/Boost converter. The switch tube driving circuit adopts an isolation driving circuit; for the distributed photovoltaic arrays, each photovoltaic array is provided with an independent MPPT control module 2, and the output power of each photovoltaic array can be independently controlled to enable the photovoltaic array to always work in the highest power output state. Through the setting, on the one hand, the photovoltaic output power can be improved, and on the other hand, the interference of other signals to the MPPT control module is reduced.
It should be noted that the phases of the high-voltage power grid and the low-voltage power grid may be inconsistent, so that the switch K1 and the switch K2 cannot be turned on simultaneously, specifically, when the photovoltaic array generates more electric energy, the redundant electric energy is connected to the high-voltage power grid or the low-voltage power grid except for driving the ac load to operate normally; when the photovoltaic array generates less electric energy, the high-voltage power grid or the low-voltage power grid can be used together for assisting to supply power to the alternating-current load.
The utility model provides a photovoltaic is from grid-connected system has included multiple mode, and concrete working process and principle are as follows:
off-grid: mode 1: the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array is used only to drive the ac load. The control module detects voltage and current information of an alternating current load branch, if electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array just meets normal operation of the alternating current load, or the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array is more but meets the normal operation of the alternating current load, the electric energy capable of being connected to the grid does not exceed a first set value, and at the moment, the control module controls the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier to enable the output electric energy to meet the use requirement of the alternating current load. For example, when the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array is within 5% of the electric energy required by the normal operation of the alternating current load, the control module controls the DC/AC single-phase rectifier to regulate the alternating current output power.
Grid connection: mode 2: and the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array supplies power to the alternating current load and simultaneously carries out low-voltage grid connection. If the photovoltaic array generates more electric energy and meets the requirement that the alternating current load normally operates, the electric energy capable of being connected to the grid exceeds a first set value and does not exceed a second set value, or the income generated by the control module when the control module is connected to the low-voltage power grid is larger than the income generated by the control module when the control module is connected to the high-voltage power grid, the control module carries out low-voltage grid connection on the redundant electric energy. Firstly, the control module senses voltage and current phase information of the low-voltage power grid through a switch K2, and simultaneously controls the phase of the DC/AC single-phase rectifier to be consistent with the phase of the low-voltage power grid. For example, when the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array exceeds 5% of the electric energy required by the normal operation of the alternating current load and is less than 20%, the switch K1 is opened and the switch K2 is closed, and the redundant electric energy is merged into the low-voltage power grid.
Grid connection: mode 3: and the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array supplies power to the alternating current load and simultaneously carries out high-voltage grid connection. If the photovoltaic array generates more electric energy, the electric energy which can be connected to the grid exceeds a second set value except that the alternating current load normally operates, the control module controls the phase of the DC/AC single-phase rectifier, boosts the redundant electric energy and then connects the boosted electric energy to the high-voltage grid. For example, when the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array exceeds 20% of the electric energy required by the normal operation of the alternating current load, the switch K1 is closed and the switch K2 is opened, and the redundant electric energy is merged into the low-voltage power grid.
Grid connection: mode 4: the photovoltaic module and the low-voltage power grid jointly supply power for the alternating current load. When the illumination condition is poor, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module cannot independently drive the alternating current load, the electric energy use cost of the low-voltage power grid is lower than that of the high-voltage power grid, the control module closes the switch K2 and controls the phase of the DC/AC single-phase rectifier, and the photovoltaic array and the low-voltage power grid jointly supply power for the alternating current load.
Grid connection: mode 5: the photovoltaic module and the high-voltage power grid jointly supply power for the alternating current load. When the illumination condition is poor, the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module cannot independently drive the alternating current load, the electric energy use cost of the high-voltage power grid is lower than that of the low-voltage power grid, the control module closes the switch K1 and controls the phase of the DC/AC single-phase rectifier, and the photovoltaic array and the high-voltage power grid jointly supply power for the alternating current load.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, in addition to the features of embodiment 1, the photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system provided in this embodiment further includes an isolation transformer T2, an AC interface of the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier is connected to an input end of the isolation transformer T2, and an output end of the isolation transformer T2 is connected to an AC load, a switch K1, and a switch K2. By arranging the isolation transformer, the safety and the reliability of the photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system are further improved.
In the embodiment, the LC filter circuit is adopted to filter the high-frequency harmonic waves in the circuit, so that the quality of the electric energy merged into the power grid is improved.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 5, in the photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system provided in this embodiment, in addition to the features of embodiment 2, an LCL resonant filter circuit is used to filter high-frequency harmonics in a circuit, so as to improve the quality of electric energy incorporated into a power grid.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the description in the above embodiments and the description is only preferred examples of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and that the present invention can have various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications all fall into the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system is characterized by comprising a control module, a plurality of photovoltaic arrays, a Buck/Boost converter, a direct current bus, a DC/AC unidirectional rectifier, a low-voltage power grid, a bidirectional transformer T1, a high-voltage power grid, a switch K1, a switch K2 and an alternating current load;
the photovoltaic arrays are respectively connected with a direct current bus through the Buck/Boost converter;
the direct current interface of the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier is connected with the direct current bus, and the alternating current interface is connected with an alternating current load, a switch K1 and a switch K2 in parallel;
the switch K1 is connected with the bidirectional transformer T1, and the voltage is boosted and then is merged into a high-voltage power grid;
the switch K2 is connected with a low-voltage power grid;
the control module is in communication connection with the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier, the switch K1 and the switch K2; the control module is also provided with a power detection module for detecting the current and the voltage of the alternating current load branch circuit.
2. The photovoltaic grid-disconnection and connection system according to claim 1, further comprising an MPPT control module, wherein the MPPT control module has a controller, a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit and a switching tube driving circuit; the voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit are used for collecting the output voltage and the output current of the photovoltaic array; and the controller controls a switching tube driving circuit to output a PWM signal based on the output voltage and the output current, and controls the switching tube in the Buck/Boost converter to be switched on and switched off.
3. The photovoltaic grid-disconnected and interconnected system according to claim 2, wherein the switch tube driving circuit adopts an isolation driving circuit.
4. The pv grid-disconnection and connection system according to claim 1, wherein the switches K1 and K2 are relays, contactors, IGBTs or MOSFETs.
5. The photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system according to claim 1, further comprising an upper computer, wherein the upper computer is in communication connection with the control module.
6. The photovoltaic grid-disconnection and connection system according to claim 5, wherein the upper computer comprises an input module, a selection module and an alarm module.
7. The photovoltaic grid disconnection and connection system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an isolation transformer T2, wherein an AC interface of the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier is connected to an input terminal of the isolation transformer T2, and an output terminal of the isolation transformer T2 is connected to an AC load, a switch K1 and a switch K2.
8. The pv grid disconnection and connection system of claim 1, wherein the grid is two-phase or three-phase.
9. The grid-disconnected and interconnected system of claim 1, wherein an LC filter circuit or an LCL filter circuit is arranged in the DC/AC unidirectional rectifier.
10. The grid-off and grid-connected photovoltaic system according to claim 1, wherein the Buck/Boost converter comprises a capacitor C1 connected to an output end of the photovoltaic module, one end of the capacitor C1 is connected in series with a drain electrode of an N-channel type switching tube Q1, a source electrode of the N-channel type switching tube Q1 is electrically connected with an inductor L1 and a cathode electrode of a diode D1, and an anode electrode of the diode D1 is connected in series with a capacitor C2 and is electrically connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 together with the other end of the inductor L1.
CN202222086803.6U 2022-08-09 2022-08-09 Photovoltaic off-grid and grid-connected system Active CN217848965U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117543707A (en) * 2024-01-10 2024-02-09 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司 Photovoltaic building integrated direct-current micro-grid system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117543707A (en) * 2024-01-10 2024-02-09 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司 Photovoltaic building integrated direct-current micro-grid system

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