CN217824392U - Capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger - Google Patents
Capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger Download PDFInfo
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- CN217824392U CN217824392U CN202222076136.3U CN202222076136U CN217824392U CN 217824392 U CN217824392 U CN 217824392U CN 202222076136 U CN202222076136 U CN 202222076136U CN 217824392 U CN217824392 U CN 217824392U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger, which comprises a solar cell panel, a super capacitor, a voltage detection protection circuit and a DC/DC conversion circuit; the super capacitor is used for storing electric energy generated by the solar panel; the voltage detection protection circuit is used for supplying power to the DC/DC conversion circuit when the voltage of the super capacitor exceeds a threshold value U1, and is also used for powering off the DC/DC conversion circuit when the voltage of the super capacitor is lower than a threshold value U2. The utility model discloses avoided frequently starting DC/DC converting circuit, had certain promotion to the utilization efficiency of energy, be favorable to solar charger's further development.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the electron, especially, relate to a capacitive energy storage formula solar energy maximum power tracking charger.
Background
With the continuous progress and development of the technology, solar power generation is more and more favored by the market and users as a novel clean energy source. The market for solar energy chargers is continuously prosperous and developing. Chinese utility model patent CN 111030081A-solar energy collection composite micro-energy system and realization super capacitor charge control method have mainly solved the energy storage problem, but how effectual discharge to super capacitor among the prior art at present, especially realize maximum power tracking discharge, still lack reliable technique.
The solar energy charger and other devices used in the market have certain limitations when in use. For example, in rainy and foggy weather, the solar charging panel cannot charge the battery in time. In the use process of the traditional solar charger, under the condition of insufficient illumination intensity, the MPPT maximum power tracking control circuit and the DC/DC conversion circuit need to consume certain energy when working, so that the DC/DC conversion circuit is frequently started, or has no output current after being started, or even cannot be started.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that not enough among the above-mentioned prior art is directed against, provide a capacitance energy storage formula solar maximum power tracking charger, avoided frequently starting DC converting circuit, have certain promotion to the utilization efficiency of energy, be favorable to solar charger's further development.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: a capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger comprises a solar cell panel, a super capacitor, a voltage detection protection circuit and a DC/DC conversion circuit;
the super capacitor is used for storing electric energy generated by the solar cell panel;
the voltage detection protection circuit is used for supplying power to the DC/DC conversion circuit when the voltage of the super capacitor exceeds a threshold value U1, and is also used for powering off the DC/DC conversion circuit when the voltage of the super capacitor is lower than a threshold value U2.
In the capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger, the voltage detection protection circuit comprises a voltage stabilizing diode D1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a triode Q1, a triode Q2 and a field effect transistor Q3;
the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with the resistor R2 to form a voltage detection circuit;
the resistor R3 and the collector of the triode Q1 are connected to form a first-stage driving circuit;
the resistor R4 is connected with the collector of the triode Q2 to form a second-stage driving circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the anode of a voltage stabilizing diode D1 through a resistor R1; the emitting electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 and is connected with the negative electrode of the super capacitor;
the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q1; the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 and the emitting electrode of the triode Q1 are both connected with the negative electrode input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit;
the grid electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q2, and the drain electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the solar battery and the anode of the super capacitor; the source electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the positive electrode input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit;
the two ends of the voltage detection circuit are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the super capacitor, wherein the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with the anode of the super capacitor;
the two ends of the first-stage driving circuit and the second-stage driving circuit are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the super capacitor.
According to the capacitive energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger, the DC/DC conversion circuit adopts an XL6012 chip.
In the capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger, the voltage detection protection circuit comprises a voltage stabilizing diode D1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a triode Q1 and a triode Q2;
the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D1 is connected with one end of the resistor R1 to form a voltage detection circuit;
the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the cathode of the super capacitor through a resistor R2;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with the anode of the super capacitor;
one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1 to form a driving circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the anode of a voltage stabilizing diode D1 through a resistor R1;
an emitting electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with a negative electrode of the super capacitor, and the emitting electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with a negative electrode input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R3;
the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the positive electrode of the super capacitor;
and the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the positive input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantage: the utility model discloses a set up super capacitor, realized the storage of the electric energy that produces solar cell, through setting up voltage detection protection circuit, can make super capacitor's discharge process in a stable within range, avoided when super capacitor voltage is unstable, frequently start DCDC converting circuit, there is certain promotion to the utilization efficiency of energy, be favorable to solar charger's further development, do not use integrated circuit in addition on the whole, components and parts are small in quantity, the effect is showing, high reliability.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1-solar panel; 2-a super capacitor; 3-a voltage detection protection circuit;
4-DC/DC conversion circuit.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger includes a solar panel 1, a super capacitor 2, a voltage detection protection circuit 3 and a DC/DC conversion circuit 4;
the super capacitor 2 is used for storing electric energy generated by the solar panel 1;
the voltage detection protection circuit 3 is used for supplying power to the DC/DC conversion circuit 4 when the voltage of the super capacitor 2 exceeds a threshold U1, and is also used for powering off the DC/DC conversion circuit 4 when the voltage of the super capacitor 2 is lower than the threshold U2.
In practical use, when the super capacitor 2 is fully charged, the voltage of the super capacitor 2 exceeds the threshold U1, and then the DC/DC conversion circuit 4 starts to operate to charge the externally connected load.
In this embodiment, the voltage detection protection circuit 3 includes a zener diode D1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a triode Q1, a triode Q2, and a field effect transistor Q3;
the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with the resistor R2 to form a voltage detection circuit;
the resistor R3 and the collector of the triode Q1 are connected to form a first-stage driving circuit;
the resistor R4 and the collector of the triode Q2 are connected to form a second-stage driving circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the anode of a voltage stabilizing diode D1 through a resistor R1; the emitting electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 and is connected with the negative electrode of the super capacitor;
the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q1; the emitter of the triode Q2 and the emitter of the triode Q1 are both connected with the negative input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 4;
the grid electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q2, and the drain electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the solar battery and the anode of the super capacitor; the source electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the positive electrode input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 4;
the two ends of the voltage detection circuit are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the super capacitor, wherein the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with the anode of the super capacitor;
the two ends of the first-stage driving circuit and the second-stage driving circuit are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the super capacitor.
During practical use, after the super capacitor 2 is fully charged, the voltage is higher than the threshold value U1=12.3V, so that the zener diode D1 is reversely conducted, the base of the triode Q1 obtains bias voltage, the triode Q1 is conducted, the base of the triode Q2 further obtains bias voltage, the triode Q2 is conducted, the grid of the field effect tube Q3 is started, the field effect tube Q3 is conducted, power is supplied to the DC/DC conversion circuit 4, and the DC/DC conversion circuit 4 charges a load. When the voltage of the super capacitor 2 is reduced to be lower than the threshold value U2=9.8V, the base voltage (0.7V) of the triode Q1 is too low to obtain the bias voltage, and at this time, the triode Q1 cannot be turned on, and the field effect transistor Q3 is turned off accordingly, so that the DC/DC conversion circuit 4 stops working.
In this embodiment, the DC/DC conversion circuit 4 employs an XL6012 chip.
It should be noted that the chip can stably work under the condition of having a wide voltage input range (the working voltage can normally work at 5-40V), the conversion efficiency reaches more than 94%, and the ultralow power consumption is ensured. The chip is internally provided with a 1.25V comparator, voltage is divided by an external sampling resistor and fed back to the FB end, and the sampling resistor is changed to change the output voltage. The output voltage calculation formula is as follows: uo =1.25 (+R1/R2).
The utility model discloses during the use, be applicable to load average current under 100 mA's the condition, can last 10 seconds of working. The voltage detection protection circuit 3 turns off the output when the capacitor discharges to 9.8V, while the super capacitor 2 can reach 12.3V when fully charged. The required capacity of the super capacitor 2 can be easily calculated according to the energy required for keeping = the energy reduced by the super capacitor.
C (F): the capacity of the super capacitor 2; r (Ohms): nominal internal resistance of the ultracapacitor;
vwork (V): normal operating voltage; vmin (V): cutting off the working voltage;
t(s): requiring a continuous operating time in the circuit; i (A): a load average current;
according to a calculation formula of capacitance capacity, C = Q/U, and Q = I × t.
Keep the required energy = the energy of the supercapacitor 2 reduction.
Energy required during hold =1/2I (Vwork + Vmin) t;
super-capacitor reduced energy =1/2C (Vwork 2-Vmin 2),
thus, the capacity thereof can be obtained (neglecting the voltage drop caused by IR)
C＝(Vwork+Vmin)*I*t/(Vwork2-Vmin2)
The capacity C of the super capacitor 2 is = (12.3 + 9.8) = 0.1 × 60/(12.32-9.82) =2.4F, and a super capacitor of 2.5F is selected here in consideration of the consumption of a certain amount of energy required for the circuit to operate.
As shown in fig. 2, in another embodiment of the present invention, the voltage detection protection circuit 3 includes a zener diode D1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a transistor Q1, and a transistor Q2;
the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with one end of the resistor R1 to form a voltage detection circuit;
the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the cathode of the super capacitor through a resistor R2;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with the anode of the super capacitor;
one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1 to form a driving circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the anode of a voltage stabilizing diode D1 through a resistor R1;
an emitting electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the negative electrode of the super capacitor, and the emitting electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the negative electrode input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 4;
the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R3;
the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the positive electrode of the super capacitor;
and the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the positive input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit 4.
It should be noted that, in practical use, after the super capacitor 2 is fully charged, the voltage is higher than the threshold U1=12.3V, so that the zener diode D1 is reversely conducted, the base of the triode Q1 obtains a bias voltage, the triode Q1 is in saturation conduction, after the Q1 is conducted, the base of the Q2 has a corresponding current to flow, and the Q2 also enters a saturation conduction state, so as to supply power to the DC/DC conversion circuit 4, and charge the load through the DC/DC conversion circuit 4. When the voltage of the super capacitor 2 is reduced to be insufficient to conduct the voltage stabilizing diode D1 in the reverse direction, the base voltage (0.7V) of the triode Q1 is too low to obtain bias voltage, at the moment, the triode Q2 cannot be conducted, a loop of the super capacitor and the DC/DC conversion circuit is cut off, and the DC/DC conversion circuit 4 stops working. The voltage stabilizing value of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 and the resistance values of the divider resistors R1 and R2 can be adjusted to set different voltage protection values.
In this embodiment, compared with the previous embodiment, the number of components used is smaller, and the energy consumed by the voltage detection protection circuit 3 is smaller.
The above, only be the utility model discloses a preferred embodiment, it is not right the utility model discloses do any restriction, all according to the utility model discloses the technical entity all still belongs to any simple modification, change and the equivalent structure change of doing above embodiment the utility model discloses technical scheme's within the scope of protection.
Claims (4)
1. A capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger is characterized by comprising a solar cell panel, a super capacitor, a voltage detection protection circuit and a DC/DC conversion circuit;
the super capacitor is used for storing electric energy generated by the solar panel;
the voltage detection protection circuit is used for supplying power to the DC/DC conversion circuit when the voltage of the super capacitor exceeds a threshold value U1, and is also used for powering off the DC/DC conversion circuit when the voltage of the super capacitor is lower than a threshold value U2.
2. The capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger according to claim 1, wherein the voltage detection protection circuit comprises a voltage stabilizing diode D1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a triode Q1, a triode Q2 and a field effect transistor Q3;
the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with the resistor R2 to form a voltage detection circuit;
the resistor R3 and the collector of the triode Q1 are connected to form a first-stage driving circuit;
the resistor R4 and the collector of the triode Q2 are connected to form a second-stage driving circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the anode of a voltage stabilizing diode D1 through a resistor R1; the emitting electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 and is connected with the negative electrode of the super capacitor;
the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q1; the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 and the emitting electrode of the triode Q1 are both connected with the negative electrode input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit;
the grid electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q2, and the drain electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the solar battery and the anode of the super capacitor; the source electrode of the field effect transistor Q3 is connected with the positive electrode input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit;
the two ends of the voltage detection circuit are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the super capacitor, wherein the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with the anode of the super capacitor;
the two ends of the first-stage driving circuit and the second-stage driving circuit are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the super capacitor.
3. The capacitive energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger according to claim 1, wherein the DC/DC conversion circuit adopts an XL6012 chip.
4. The capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger according to claim 1, wherein the voltage detection protection circuit comprises a voltage stabilizing diode D1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a triode Q1 and a triode Q2;
the anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode D1 is connected with one end of the resistor R1 to form a voltage detection circuit;
the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the cathode of the super capacitor through a resistor R2;
the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode D1 is connected with the anode of the super capacitor;
one end of the resistor R3 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1 to form a driving circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the anode of a voltage stabilizing diode D1 through a resistor R1;
an emitting electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with a negative electrode of the super capacitor, and the emitting electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with a negative electrode input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit;
the base electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the other end of the resistor R3;
the emitting electrode of the triode Q2 is connected with the positive electrode of the super capacitor;
and the collector of the triode Q2 is connected with the positive input end of the DC/DC conversion circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202222076136.3U CN217824392U (en) | 2022-08-08 | 2022-08-08 | Capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger |
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| CN202222076136.3U CN217824392U (en) | 2022-08-08 | 2022-08-08 | Capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger |
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| CN217824392U true CN217824392U (en) | 2022-11-15 |
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| CN202222076136.3U Active CN217824392U (en) | 2022-08-08 | 2022-08-08 | Capacitor energy storage type solar maximum power tracking charger |
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