CN217814470U

CN217814470U - Ratchet bolt and ratchet nut

Info

Publication number: CN217814470U
Application number: CN202220374751.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁天宇
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-02-17
Filing date: 2022-02-17
Publication date: 2022-11-15
Anticipated expiration: 2032-02-17

Abstract

The utility model relates to a ratchet bolt ratchet nut, there is the ratchet on characterized by ratchet bolt and the ratchet nut, pair the use with the pawl spring, pawl spring card is with ratchet bolt and the one-way locking of ratchet nut in the ratchet, ratchet bolt and ratchet nut can only move back towards the one-way rotation of the direction of screwing up, when dismantling ratchet bolt and ratchet nut, press down the pawl spring with the instrument and make it break away from the unblock from the ratchet, can dismantle ratchet bolt and ratchet nut with spanner counter-rotation ratchet bolt and ratchet nut, the ratchet bolt ratchet nut simple structure of this kind of one-way locking, and convenient construction, the dependable performance, never become flexible.

Description

Ratchet bolt and ratchet nut

Technical Field

Background

Bolt and nut can become flexible when receiving the vibration, leads to the functional failure, and bolt and nut is the most important index in the fastener performance requirement, usually is through increasing the mode locking of screw thread frictional force, for example lets screw thread interference fit or scribble locking mode such as glue loosening prevention on the screw thread, but can only accomplish locking of limited degree, still can become flexible under extreme circumstances, can not do never not become flexible. Objects and advantages of the utility model

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model relates to a ratchet bolt and ratchet nut (see figure 1), which is added with a ratchet structure to solve the problem of loosening of the bolt and the nut and realize the purpose of never loosening, the first structure (see figure 1-1 and figure 1-2) of the ratchet nut (11), the ratchet nut (11) consists of a square nut (14), a flange circular cap (15), a ratchet (16) and a round platform (17), the flange circular cap (15) and the round platform (17) are arranged below the square nut (14), the flange circular cap (15) and the round platform (17) are concentric with the square nut (14), a through hole is arranged in the middle, a thread (18) is arranged on the through hole, and the round platform (17) has a certain height to provide an elastic deformation space for a pawl spring (12), A plurality of ratchets (16) are uniformly distributed on the whole circumference of the lower end face of a flange round cap (15), each ratchet (16) consists of an inclined tooth face (19) and a vertical tooth face (20), a triangle is formed between each inclined tooth face (19) and each vertical tooth face (20) and a tooth tip close to each other, namely the triangular ratchet (16) (see figure 2), each vertical tooth face (20) is approximately perpendicular to the lower end face of the flange round cap (15), a small drawing angle a is formed, the ratchet nut (11), the pawl spring (12) and the rotation stopping gasket (13) are matched for use to achieve the one-way locking effect (see figure 14), and a boss (30) above the rotation stopping gasket (13) clamps the pawl spring (12) ) The ratchet spring (12) cannot rotate, the lower end face of a round table (17) is pressed on a rotation stopping gasket (13), the inner circle diameter of the ratchet spring (12) is slightly larger than the diameter of the round table (17), the ratchet spring (12) is sleeved on the round table (17), the round table (17) has enough height, the lower part of the ratchet spring (12) is still in a suspended state after the ratchet nut (11) is screwed, only the lower end of the starting end (25) of the ratchet spring (12) is in contact with the rotation stopping gasket (13), the ratchet spring (12) has enough elastic deformation space in the axial direction of the ratchet nut, in the screwing process of the ratchet nut (11), the elbow (23) of the ratchet spring (12) is compressed by the inclined tooth face (19) of the ratchet (16) and then bounces from one ratchet 16) to the next ratchet (16), finally, the nut (11) is screwed completely, the elbow (23) of the ratchet spring (12) is clamped in one ratchet 16, the vertical tooth face (20) clamps the ratchet spring (12), the elbow (23) of the ratchet spring (12) can only be clamped in the direction of the ratchet spring (16), and the elbow (23) can only be screwed in the direction of a pliers (11) or the elbow (41) of the ratchet spring (11) can be backwards, and when the ratchet nut (11) is screwed, for example, the elbow (41) can be screwed in the direction of a pliers, the elbow (11) can only when the elbow (11) can be screwed, the lower part of an elbow (23) of a pawl spring (12) is suspended and is pressed down by a screwdriver (39) or a pliers (41) to be unlocked with a ratchet (16), the ratchet nut (11) is rotated reversely by a wrench, the ratchet nut (11) can be detached (see figures 17 and 18), a second structure (see figure 4) of the ratchet (16) is a trapezoidal ratchet, the trapezoidal ratchet is in a trapezoidal shape formed by two vertical tooth surfaces (20), a tooth top surface and a tooth root surface, the vertical tooth surface (20) is approximately perpendicular to the lower end surface of a flange circular cap (15) and has a small drawing die angle a, the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in the ratchet (16), the elbow (23) abuts against the vertical tooth surface (20) to lock the ratchet nut (11) in a one-way mode, the second structure (see figure 6) of the ratchet nut (11) is formed by a square nut (14), the ratchet (16) and a circular table (17), the size of the square nut (14) is increased, the flange circular cap (15) is eliminated, and the lower end surface of the ratchet nut (14) and the circular table (17) is provided with the circular table (16).

A first structure (shown in figures 1-3) of the ratchet bolt (10), the ratchet bolt (10) consists of a square nut (14), a flange circular cap (15), ratchets (16), a circular truncated cone (17) and a screw (34), the flange circular cap (15), the circular truncated cone (17) and the screw (34) are connected below the square nut (14), the flange circular cap (15), the circular truncated cone (17) and the screw (34) are concentric, the circular truncated cone (17) is connected with the screw (34), threads (18) are arranged on the screw (34), a plurality of ratchets (16) are uniformly distributed on the whole circumference of the lower end face of the flange circular cap (15), the ratchet bolt (10) and the ratchet nut (11) are completely identical in one-way locking structure, the ratchet bolt (10) and the ratchet spring (12) are matched for locking the ratchet bolt (10) in a one way, when the ratchet bolt (10) is disassembled, the T-shaped hook plate (40) is inserted into the disassembling hole (37) to rotate by 90 degrees, the T-shaped hook plate (40) is clamped in the disassembling hole (37), and the elbow (39) of the screwdriver (23) is pressed and the ratchet bolt (23) is pressed and the elbow (23) is pressed and the ratchet spring (23), meanwhile, the ratchet bolt (10) is reversely rotated by a wrench, the ratchet bolt (10) can be detached (see fig. 19), the second structure (see fig. 16) of the ratchet bolt (10) consists of a round nut (35), a flange round cap (15), a ratchet (16), a round table (17) and a screw rod (34), and is basically the same as the first structure of the ratchet bolt (10), the difference is that the round nut (35) is used for replacing a square nut (14), an inner hexagonal concave table (36) is arranged in the center of the round nut (35), and a hexagonal wrench is inserted into the inner hexagonal concave table ratchet (36) and can rotate the bolt (10).

A first structure (shown in figure 3) of application of a ratchet nut (11) on a rail (1) is characterized in that the rail (1) is fixed by a combined kit of a gauge baffle (2), a spike bolt (3), an elastic strip (4), the ratchet nut (11), a pawl spring (12) and a rotation stopping gasket (13), the spike bolt (3) is anchored on a sleeper, the gauge baffle (2), the elastic strip (4), the rotation stopping gasket (13), the pawl spring (12) and the ratchet nut (11) are sequentially assembled on the spike bolt (3), a fixture block (31) below the rotation stopping gasket (13) is clamped on the elastic strip (4) to enable the rotation stopping gasket (13) not to rotate, a boss (30) above the rotation stopping gasket (13) clamps the pawl spring (12) to enable the pawl spring (12) not to rotate, an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in a cutter head (16) of the ratchet nut (11) to lock the ratchet nut in a single direction, the ratchet nut (11) is disassembled in two modes, a first method for disassembling the ratchet nut (11) is that a T-type hook plate (39) and a T-type hook plate (39) below a T-type screwdriver head (31) penetrates through a T-type hook plate (39), the tool bit is pressed on an elbow (23) of a pawl spring (12), the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is pressed down to be unlocked with a ratchet (16) by prying a screwdriver (39), the ratchet nut (11) can be disassembled by reversely rotating the ratchet nut (11) by a wrench, the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) and a rotation stopping gasket (13) (see figure 18) are clamped by pliers (41) in a second disassembling method, a lower chuck of the pliers (41) is inserted between two clamping blocks (31), an upper chuck of the pliers (41) is pressed on the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12), the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) clamped by the pliers (41) is pressed down to be unlocked with the ratchet nut (16), the ratchet nut (11) is reversely rotated by the wrench at the same time, the ratchet nut (11) can be disassembled, the application of the ratchet nut (11) on a rail (1) is of a second structure (see figure 5), the ratchet nut (11), the pawl spring (12), the rotation stopping gasket (13), a T-type bolt (4) and a T-type bolt fastening assembly (38) for sequentially assembling the ratchet nut (11) and the rotation stopping type gasket (38) on the rail (13), after a ratchet nut (11) is screwed down, a rail (1) is firmly fixed, a ratchet bolt (10) is applied to the rail (1) (see figure 5), an iron base plate (6) is fixed by a combined kit of the ratchet bolt (10) and a pawl spring (12), a boss (30), a dismounting hole (37) and a round hole (29) are arranged on the upper end surface of the iron base plate (6), the dismounting hole (37) is a long waist-shaped sunken platform through hole, the lower end of the through hole is a sunken platform (see figure 19), the kit of the ratchet bolt (10) and the pawl spring (12) is assembled in the round hole (29), the pawl spring (12) is clamped on the boss (30) and cannot rotate, an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in a 16) of the ratchet bolt (10) to unidirectionally lock the ratchet bolt (10) and can only be screwed down and cannot move back, the ratchet bolt (10) firmly fixes the iron base plate (6) on a sleeper, when the bolt (10) is dismounted, a T-shaped hook plate (40) is firstly inserted into a T-shaped dismounting hole (37) of the iron base plate (6), a T-shaped screwdriver head (39) is inserted into a T-shaped hook plate (39) of a screwdriver head (40) which is inserted into a dismounting hole (37) of a dismounting type screwdriver head (40) of a dismounting type screwdriver head (37) of a dismounting type screwdriver head (39), the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) of the prying screwdriver (39) is pressed down to be unlocked with the ratchet (16), and the ratchet bolt (10) can be detached by reversely rotating the ratchet bolt (10) with a wrench.

The structure (see figure 7) of the pawl spring (12) is a spiral spring piece with certain thickness and width, the spiral spring piece has elasticity in the axial direction and can be compressed and deformed, an opening (24) is formed in the pawl spring (12), the starting end (25) and the tail end (26) of the pawl spring (12) are arranged at the two ends of the opening (24), the whole pawl spring (12) consists of a spiral line section (22) and an elbow (23), the spiral line section (22) is gradually raised along the spiral line direction from the starting end (25), the tail end of the spiral line section (22) is connected with the elbow (23), the elbow (23) is suddenly increased to have an obvious upward warping head relative to the curvature of the spiral line section (22), the tail end (26) of the elbow (23) is arranged at the tail end, the pawl spring (12) is matched with the ratchet bolt (10) or the ratchet nut (11) for use, the elbow (23) is clamped in the ratchet bolt (16), the elbow (23) is propped against the vertical tooth surface (20) of the ratchet bolt (16), the pawl spring (12) has certain width and thickness, the ratchet bolt (10) has enough strength, the ratchet bolt (11) can be locked, when the ratchet bolt (11) is disassembled, the ratchet nut (11) can not be backwards removed, the pawl spring (12), and the pawl spring (11) can be backwards exposed outside, the pawl spring (12) has great elasticity in the axial direction, the tool presses down an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) to unlock the ratchet (16), and the ratchet nut (11) of the ratchet bolt (10) can be detached by reversely rotating the ratchet nut (11) of the ratchet bolt (10) by a wrench.

The first structure (see fig. 8 and 9) of the rotation-stopping gasket (13) is a circular ring with a certain width and thickness, a circular hole (29) is arranged in the middle, a pair of clamping blocks (31) is arranged below the circular ring, the clamping blocks (31) are clamped on the elastic strip (4) to prevent the rotation-stopping gasket (13) from rotating, a boss (30) is arranged above the circular ring, the boss (30) is clamped in an opening (24) of the pawl spring (12) to prevent the pawl spring (12) from rotating, the boss (30) is arranged outside a flange circular cap (15) of the ratchet nut (11), the height of the boss (30) is slightly higher than that of the pawl spring (12) to clamp the pawl spring (12), the second structure (see fig. 10 and 11) of the rotation-stopping gasket (13) is basically the same as that of the first structure of the rotation-stopping gasket (13), the difference is that the boss (30) and the clamping block (31) are replaced by a pin (33), holes are punched in the same positions of the boss (30) and the clamping block (31), a pin (33) is assembled, the third structure (see fig. 13) of the rotation-stopping gasket (13), the flanging gasket body (28) is formed by the elastic strip (28) and the flanging gasket body (28) which is arranged on the circular hole (29), the elastic strip (28) and the rotation-stopping gasket body (32), and the rotation gasket body (32) on the two sides of the rotation gasket (13), the fourth configuration of the anti-rotation shim 13 (see fig. 13) is substantially the same as the third configuration of the anti-rotation shim 13 except that the shim body 28 is circular in shape.

The structure of the iron base plate (6) (see fig. 5 and 19) is different from the iron base plate (6) used on a railway in that a boss (30) and a dismounting hole (37) are added, the boss (30) is arranged on the outer side of a round hole (29) of the iron base plate (6), a ratchet bolt (10) and a pawl spring (12) combined sleeve member are assembled in the round hole (29) to fix the iron base plate (6) on a sleeper, the pawl spring (12) is clamped by the boss (30) to be incapable of rotating, an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in a ratchet (16) of the ratchet bolt (10) to lock the ratchet bolt (10) in a one-way mode, the side face of the boss (30) is provided with a kidney-shaped dismounting hole (37), the dismounting hole (37) is a long kidney-shaped sinking platform through hole, and the lower end of the through hole is a sinking platform.

The structure of the fishplate (7) (see fig. 20 and 21) is different from the fishplate (7) used on a railway in that a boss (30) and a dismounting hole (37) are added, the boss (30) is arranged on the outer side of a round hole (29) of the fishplate (7), a fishbolt (8) is arranged in the round hole (29), a ratchet nut (11) and a pawl spring (12) combined sleeve member is arranged on the fishbolt (8), the boss (30) is clamped in an opening (24) of the pawl spring (12) to enable the boss to be incapable of rotating, an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in a ratchet (16) of the ratchet nut (11) to lock the ratchet nut (11) in a one-way mode, the dismounting hole (37) is arranged on the outer side of the boss (30), the dismounting hole (37) is a long waist-shaped through hole, the T-shaped hook plate (40) is inserted in the dismounting hole (37) of the T-shaped hook plate (40) and then rotates for a certain angles, the T-shaped hook plate (40) is inserted in the dismounting hole (39) of the ratchet nut (11) and a screwdriver head (16) of a screwdriver, and a screwdriver can be used for dismounting the ratchet nut (11) and a screwdriver head (16) of a screwdriver, and a screwdriver can be simultaneously, the second structure of the fishplate (7) (see figure 22) is basically the same as the first structure of the fishplate (7), except that the boss (30) is replaced by a pin (33), a hole is formed in the boss (30) at the same position, the pin (33) is assembled on the hole, the height of the pin (33) is slightly higher than that of the pawl spring (12), the pin (33) is clamped in the opening (24) of the pawl spring (12) to prevent the pin from rotating, and the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in the ratchet (16) of the ratchet nut (11) to unidirectionally lock the ratchet nut (11).

The first structure (see figures 23 and 24) of the track gauge pull rod (9) is different from the track gauge pull rod (9) used on a railway in that a boss (30) (see figures 25, 26 and 27) is additionally arranged outside a round hole (29) of a clamp (47), four groups of ratchet nuts (11), pawl springs (12) and clamp (47) combined kits are assembled on threads (18) at two ends of the pull rod (46), each end of the pull rod (46) is respectively provided with a pair of clamps (47), a wedge-shaped clamping groove (49) of the clamp (47) is clamped on a rail (1), the boss (30) on the clamp (47) clamps the pawl spring (12) to prevent the pawl spring from rotating, an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in a ratchet (16) of the ratchet nut (11) to unidirectionally lock the ratchet nut (11), the ratchet nut (11) is screwed to clamp the rail (1), a square reinforcing rib (48) is arranged on the clamp (47), a screwdriver bit (51) of the pawl spring (48) is inserted in a screwdriver bit (39) of a screwdriver pressing plate (16) and a screwdriver bit (51) of a screwdriver pressing the elbow (16) of the pawl spring (23) and a screwdriver (16) of a screwdriver pressing plate (16) of a screwdriver pressing the pawl spring (16), while the gauge rod (9) can be removed by counter-rotating the ratchet nut (11) with a wrench (see fig. 28), the second configuration of the gauge rod (9) (see fig. 29) is substantially identical to the first configuration of the gauge rod (9), except that a square plate (52) is welded to one end of the rod (46), the square plate (52) replaces a set of ratchet nuts (11) and pawl springs (12), the square plate (52) is clamped to its counterpart clamp (47), the clamp (47) that mates with the square plate (52) eliminates the boss (30) and the reinforcing ribs (48), the rest of the configuration is identical, the third configuration of the gauge rod (9) (see fig. 30) is an insulated gauge rod (9), which is substantially identical to the first configuration of the gauge rod (9), except that the rod (46) is cut off therefrom, the two rods (46) are connected with an insulating joint (59), the other configurations are identical, the insulating joint (59) is composed of a housing (53), an insulating plug (55), a plug (55) and a plug (55) is inserted into the end of each of the insulating rod (55), and a plug (55) is inserted into the end of the insulating rod (55) and, 55) to avoid the end of the insulating rod (46), a plug (55) protruding from the end of the insulating plug (55) and a plug (55) protruding from the end of the insulating rod (55) and a plug (55) on the end of the insulating rod (46), the shell (53) is a round pipe, the inner diameter of the round pipe is larger than the length of the plug pin (55), a closing-in opening (57) is arranged at two ends of the round pipe, the diameter of an inner hole of the closing-in opening (57) is larger than that of the pull rod (46), a slot (58) is cut on the closing-in opening (57), the length and the width of the slot (58) are slightly larger than those of the plug pin (55), after the two ends of the plug pin (55) and the end of the pull rod (46) are assembled with an insulating cap (54), the slot (58) at two sides of the shell (53) are inserted into the shell (53), two ends of the shell (53) are sealed by a mold, molten plastic (56) is injected into the shell (53), the two pull rods (46) are firmly connected after the plastic (56) is solidified, and the gauge pull rod (9) is insulated and has certain strength.

An application structure of a ratchet bolt (10) and a ratchet nut (11) on a common workpiece (see fig. 33 and 34) is characterized in that the ratchet bolt (10) and the ratchet nut (11) are matched with a pawl spring (12) for use, a small threaded hole is machined beside a bolt hole or a threaded hole of the workpiece, a screw (42) instead of a boss (30) is assembled in the small threaded hole, the screw (42) is clamped in an opening (24) of the pawl spring (12) to clamp the pawl spring (12) so that the pawl spring cannot rotate, an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in a ratchet (16) of the ratchet bolt (10) and the ratchet nut (11) to lock the ratchet in a one-way mode, when the ratchet bolt (10) and the ratchet nut (11) need to be disassembled, the screw (42) is firstly disassembled to unlock the ratchet (16), and then the ratchet bolt (10) and the ratchet nut (11) can be disassembled by reversely rotating the ratchet bolt (10) and the ratchet nut (11) through a spanner.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural view of a ratchet bolt and a ratchet nut, wherein fig. 1-1 is a front view of the ratchet nut (11), the ratchet nut (11) is composed of a square nut (14), a flange circular cap (15), ratchets (16) and a circular truncated cone (17), fig. 1-2 is a reverse view of the ratchet nut (11), a plurality of ratchets (16) are uniformly distributed on the lower end face of the flange circular cap (15), fig. 1-3 is a front view of the ratchet bolt (10), and the ratchet bolt (10) is composed of the square nut (14), the flange circular cap (15), the ratchets (16), the circular truncated cone (17) and a screw (34).

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ratchet nut (11) showing a first configuration of the ratchet teeth (16) as "triangular" ratchet teeth.

Fig. 3 shows a first structure of the ratchet nut (11) for fixing the rail (1), wherein the rail (1) is fixed by a combined kit of the gauge apron (2), the spike bolt (3), the elastic strip (4), the ratchet nut (11), the pawl spring (12) and the rotation stopping gasket (13).

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the ratchet nut (11) showing a second configuration of the ratchet teeth (16), being "trapezoidal" ratchet teeth.

Fig. 5 shows a structure of the ratchet bolt (10) and the ratchet nut (11) for fixing the rail (1), a combined kit of the ratchet nut (11), the pawl spring (12), the rotation stopping gasket (13), the elastic strip (4) and the T-shaped bolt (38) is used for fastening the rail (1), and the combined kit of the ratchet bolt (10) and the pawl spring (12) is used for fixing the iron tie plate (6).

Fig. 6 shows a second structure of the ratchet nut (11), which is composed of a square nut (14), a ratchet (16) and a circular truncated cone (17).

Fig. 7 shows the structure of the detent spring (12), with an opening (24) in the detent spring (12), the detent spring (12) consisting of a spiral section (22) and an elbow (23).

Fig. 8 shows a first structure of the rotation stop washer (13), in which a circular hole (29) is formed in the middle of the rotation stop washer (13), a pair of locking blocks (31) is formed below the rotation stop washer, and a boss (30) is formed above the rotation stop washer.

Fig. 9 is a reverse side view of a first structure of the rotation stop washer (13), showing the structure of two latches (31).

Fig. 10 is a second structure of the rotation stop washer (13), which is substantially the same as the first structure of the rotation stop washer (13), except that a pin (33) is used instead of the boss (30) and the latch (31).

Fig. 11 is a reverse side view of a second configuration of the rotation stop washer (13) showing the configuration of the two pins (33).

Fig. 12 shows a third structure of the rotation stop washer (13), which is composed of a washer body (28), a flange (32) and a pin (33), wherein the washer body (28) is square.

Fig. 13 shows a fourth configuration of the rotation stop washer (13), in which the washer body (28) is circular.

Fig. 14 is an overall view of the detent washer (13) with the ratchet nut (11) and the pawl spring (12) in the first configuration.

Fig. 15 is an overall view of the rotation stop washer (13) with the ratchet nut (11) and the pawl spring (12) in the third configuration.

Fig. 16 shows a second construction of the ratchet bolt (10) consisting of a round nut (35), a flange round cap (15), a ratchet (16), a round table (17) and a screw (34).

Fig. 17 shows a first method of disassembling the ratchet nut (11), in which the ratchet nut (11) is disassembled by using two tools, i.e., a T-shaped hook plate (40) and a screw driver (39).

Fig. 18 shows a second method of detaching the ratchet nut (11), in which the elbow (23) of the click spring (12) and the rotation stop washer (13) are held by pliers (41), and the ratchet nut (11) is detached.

FIG. 19 shows a method of detaching the ratchet bolt (10), in which the ratchet bolt (10) can be detached by using two tools, a T-shaped hook plate (40) and a screwdriver (39), in combination.

Fig. 20 is an assembly structural view of the fishplate (7) with the ratchet nut (11) and pawl spring (12) set assembled on the fishbolt (8).

Fig. 21 is a first structural view of the fishplate (7), the fishplate (7) having added bosses (30) and removal holes (37).

Fig. 22 is a second construction of the fishplate (7) with the boss (30) replaced by a peg (33).

Fig. 23 is a first block diagram of the gage rod (9) with four sets of ratchet nuts (11) and pawl springs (12) and a set of dogs (47) fitted on the threads (18) at both ends of the rod (46).

Fig. 24 is a front view of the first structure of the track gauge tie rod (9), showing the assembly structure of the clamp (47) and the tie rod (46).

Fig. 25 is a front view of the chuck (47), with a boss (30) and a rib (48) added to the chuck (47).

Fig. 26 is a side view of the chuck (47), with a wedge-shaped slot (49) in the chuck (47).

Fig. 27 is an assembly view of the ratchet nut (11), pawl spring (12) and latch (47).

Fig. 28 is a drawing showing the removal of the ratchet nut (11) of the gauge rod (9), and the square hook plate (51) is engaged with the screw driver (39) to remove the gauge rod (9).

Fig. 29 is a second construction of the gauge tie (9) with a square plate (52) welded to one end of the tie (46).

Fig. 30 is a third block diagram of the gage rod (9) with the two rods (46) connected by an insulated joint (59).

Fig. 31 is a structural view of an insulating joint (59), and the insulating joint (59) is composed of a housing (53), a plug (55), an insulating cap (54) and plastic (56).

Fig. 32 is an assembly view of the insulating joint (59), wherein an insulating cap (54) is bonded to each end of the plug (55) and the pull rod (46), the housing (53) is a circular tube, both ends of the circular tube are screwed into circular caps (57), a slot (58) is cut in the caps (57), the length and width of the slot (58) are slightly larger than those of the plug (55), and the insulating caps (54) are bonded to both ends of the plug (55) and the ends of the pull rod (46), and then inserted into the housing (53) from the slots (58) on both sides of the housing (53).

Fig. 33 shows an application structure of the ratchet nut (11) on a common workpiece, wherein the screw (42) is clamped in the opening (24) of the pawl spring (12), and the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in the ratchet (16) of the ratchet nut (11) to lock the ratchet nut in a single direction.

Fig. 34 shows an application structure of the ratchet bolt (10) on a common workpiece, a screw (42) is clamped in an opening (24) of a pawl spring (12), and an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in a ratchet (16) of the ratchet bolt (10) to lock the ratchet bolt in a single direction.

Detailed Description

The one-way locking principle of the ratchet bolt and the ratchet nut is as follows: after the ratchet bolt and the ratchet nut are completely screwed, the elbow of the pawl spring can stay at any position in the ratchet, the minimum gap between the elbow of the pawl spring and the vertical tooth surface of the ratchet is zero, the maximum gap is the width of the whole ratchet, and due to the existence of the gap, the ratchet bolt and the ratchet nut can rotate reversely slightly when being vibrated, and along with the continuation of the vibration, the gap between the elbow of the pawl spring and the vertical tooth surface of the ratchet is finally zero, so that the complete locking is realized, and a small amount of reverse reversing can not cause the reduction of torque and locking force and can not influence the use function.

The method for disassembling the ratchet bolt and the ratchet nut comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: with the cooperation of two kinds of instruments of T type colluding board and screwdriver, the T type colludes board lower extreme card on two fixture blocks of spline gasket below, perhaps colludes in the dismantlement hole, and the tool bit of screwdriver (39) passes the square hole that the board was colluded to the T type, and the tool bit is pressed on pawl spring's elbow, and the tool bit is pressed the elbow and is pushed down and the ratchet unblock, with spanner counter-rotation ratchet bolt ratchet nut simultaneously, ratchet bolt ratchet nut can be dismantled, method two: the elbow and the rotation stopping gasket of the pawl spring are clamped by the pliers, the lower clamping head of the pliers is inserted between the two bosses, the upper clamping head of the pliers is pressed on the elbow of the pawl spring, the elbow of the pawl spring clamped by the pliers is pressed down to be unlocked with the ratchet, the ratchet nut is rotated reversely by the wrench, the ratchet nut can be detached, the pliers can preferably select the locking pliers capable of adjusting the opening size and locking automatically, the locking pliers clamp clamps the back self-locking, after the hand is loosened, the locking pliers are still in a clamping locking state, two hands can be released, and the ratchet nut is convenient to detach by the wrench.

Claims

1. A ratchet bolt and ratchet nut is characterized in that the ratchet nut (11) is of a first structure and comprises a square nut (14), a flange circular cap (15), ratchets (16) and a circular truncated cone (17), the flange circular cap (15) and the circular truncated cone (17) are arranged below the square nut (14), the flange circular cap (15) and the circular truncated cone (17) are concentric with the square nut (14), a through hole is formed in the middle of the flange circular cap, a thread (18) is arranged on the through hole, the circular truncated cone (17) has a certain height to provide an elastic deformation space for a pawl spring (12), a plurality of ratchets (16) are uniformly distributed on the whole circumference of the lower end face of the flange circular cap (15), the ratchet (16) consists of a bevel tooth surface (19) and a vertical tooth surface (20), a triangle is formed between the bevel tooth surface (19) and the vertical tooth surface (20) and adjacent tooth tips, namely the triangular ratchet (16), the vertical tooth surface (20) is nearly vertical to the lower end surface of the flange round cap (15), a small drawing angle a is formed, the ratchet nut (11), the pawl spring (12) and the rotation stopping gasket (13) are matched for use to achieve the effect of unidirectional locking, a boss (30) above the rotation stopping gasket (13) clamps the pawl spring (12) to enable the pawl spring (12) not to rotate, the lower end surface of the round table (17) is pressed on the rotation stopping gasket (13), the diameter of the inner circle of the pawl spring (12) is slightly larger than that of the circular truncated cone (17), the pawl spring (12) is sleeved on the circular truncated cone (17), the circular truncated cone (17) has enough height, the lower part of the pawl spring (12) is still in a suspended state after the ratchet nut (11) is screwed down, only the lower end of the starting end (25) of the pawl spring (12) is in contact with the rotation stopping gasket (13), the pawl spring (12) has enough elastic deformation space in the axial direction of the nut, in the screwing down process of the ratchet nut (11), an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is compressed by an inclined tooth surface (19) of the ratchet (16) and then bounces up, and jumps from one ratchet (16) to the next ratchet (16), finally, the ratchet nut (11) is completely screwed, the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in one ratchet (16), the vertical tooth surface (20) clamps the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12), so that the ratchet nut (11) can only rotate in one direction towards the screwing direction and cannot back up, the second structure of the ratchet (16) is a trapezoidal ratchet, the trapezoidal ratchet is in a trapezoidal shape formed by two vertical tooth surfaces (20), a tooth crest surface and a tooth root surface, the vertical tooth surface (20) is approximately vertical to the lower end surface of the flange circular cap (15), a small drawing angle 'a' is formed, and the second structure of the ratchet nut (11), the square nut (14) is enlarged in size, the flange circular cap (15) is omitted, and the ratchet (16) and the circular truncated cone (17) are arranged on the lower end face of the square nut (14).

2. A ratchet bolt and ratchet nut as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the ratchet bolt (10) has a first configuration, the ratchet bolt (10) consists of a square nut (14), a flange cap (15), ratchets (16), a circular table (17) and a screw (34), the flange cap (15), the circular table (17) and the screw (34) are connected below the square nut (14), the flange cap (15), the circular table (17) and the screw (34) are concentric, the circular table (17) is connected to the screw (34), the screw (34) has a thread (18), a plurality of ratchet bolts (16) are uniformly distributed over the entire circumference of the lower end face of the flange cap (15), the ratchet bolt (10) has the same unidirectional locking configuration as the ratchet nut (11), the ratchet bolt (10) is paired with a ratchet spring (12) for unidirectional locking of the ratchet bolt (10), the ratchet bolt (10) has a second configuration, the circular nut (35), the flange cap (15), the flange cap (16), the ratchet bolt (17) and the ratchet nut (34) have the same central screw structure, the first configuration of the ratchet bolt (10) is different from the central nut (35), a hexagonal wrench is inserted into the inner hexagonal recess (36) to rotate the ratchet bolt (10).

3. A ratchet bolt and ratchet nut as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first structure of the application of the ratchet nut (11) on the rail (1) consists of a gauge stop (2), a spike bolt (3), a spring bar (4), the ratchet nut (11), a pawl spring (12) and a rotation stop washer (13) combined kit for fixing the rail (1), the spike bolt (3) is anchored on the sleeper, the gauge stop (2), the spring bar (4), the rotation stop washer (13), the pawl spring (12) and the ratchet nut (11) are assembled on the spike bolt (3) in sequence, the block (31) below the rotation stop washer (13) is blocked on the spring bar (4) to disable rotation of the rotation stop washer (13), the boss (30) above the rotation stop washer (13) blocks the pawl spring (12) to disable rotation of the pawl spring (12), the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is blocked in the block (16) of the ratchet nut (11) to lock the ratchet nut (11) in one way, the nut (11) is removed, the first structure of the ratchet nut (11) is removed by means of a first screwdriver (40), the ratchet nut (11) is removed by means of two types, the ratchet nut (11) and the ratchet nut (11) is removed by means of the T-type screwdriver (39) and the T-type rotation stop washer (13), the tool bit is pressed on an elbow (23) of a pawl spring (12), the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is pressed down to be unlocked with a ratchet (16) by prying a screwdriver (39), the ratchet nut (11) is rotated reversely by a spanner at the same time, the ratchet nut (11) can be disassembled, the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) and a rotation stopping gasket (13) are clamped by pliers (41) in a second disassembling method, a lower chuck of the pliers (41) is inserted between two clamping blocks (31), an upper chuck of the pliers (41) is pressed on the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12), the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) clamped by the pliers (41) is pressed down to be unlocked with the ratchet (16), the nut (11) is rotated reversely by the spanner at the same time, the ratchet nut (11) can be disassembled, the ratchet nut (11) is applied to a rail (1), the second structure is formed by clamping the ratchet nut (11), the pawl spring (12), the rotation stopping gasket (13), an elastic strip (4) and a T-shaped bolt (38) on a fastening iron rail (1) and the T-shaped bolt gasket (13) in sequence, after a ratchet nut (11) is screwed down, a rail (1) is firmly fixed, a ratchet bolt (10) is applied to the rail (1), an iron base plate (6) is fixed by a combined kit of the ratchet bolt (10) and a pawl spring (12), a boss (30), a dismounting hole (37) and a round hole (29) are arranged on the upper end surface of the iron base plate (6), the dismounting hole (37) is a long waist-shaped sunk platform through hole, the lower end of the through hole is a sunk platform, the ratchet bolt (10) and the pawl spring (12) kit are assembled in the round hole (29), the pawl spring (12) is clamped on the boss (30) and cannot rotate, a cutter head (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in a ratchet (16) of the ratchet bolt (10) to unidirectionally lock the ratchet bolt (10) and can only be screwed down but cannot be screwed down, the ratchet bolt (10) firmly fixes the iron base plate (6) on a sleeper, when the ratchet bolt (10) is dismounted, a T-shaped hook plate (40) is firstly inserted into the dismounting hole (37) of the iron base plate (6), a T-shaped hook plate (40) is inserted into a T-shaped dismounting hole (39) of a screwdriver, the T-shaped hook plate (39) is inserted into a T-shaped dismounting hole (39) of a screwdriver pressing and a screwdriver pressing spring (39) which is inserted into a screwdriver pressing and presses the ratchet bolt (16) to press the ratchet bolt (16), meanwhile, the ratchet bolt (10) can be disassembled by reversely rotating the ratchet bolt (10) by a spanner.

4. A ratchet bolt and nut according to claim 1 wherein the pawl spring (12) is constructed as a helical spring leaf of a thickness and width and resilient in the axial direction to be compressively deformed, the pawl spring (12) having an opening (24) therein, the opening (24) having ends at the beginning (25) and end (26) of the pawl spring (12), the entire pawl spring (12) comprising a helical segment (22) and an elbow (23), the helical segment (22) being progressively raised from the beginning (25) along the direction of the helix, the end of the helical segment (22) being connected to the elbow (23), the elbow (23) having a sharp upward bow relative to the sudden increase in curvature of the helical segment (22), the end of the elbow (23) being the end (26) of the ratchet, the pawl spring (12) being used in conjunction with the ratchet bolt (10) or the ratchet nut (11), the elbow (23) being engaged in the ratchet bolt (16), the elbow (23) abutting against the standing surface (20) of the ratchet bolt (16), the pawl spring (12) having a thickness and the ratchet bolt (11) having a non-reversible strength.

5. A ratchet bolt and ratchet nut as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first configuration of the rotation stop washer (13) is a ring of a certain width and thickness, with a circular hole (29) in the middle, a pair of catches (31) below, the catches (31) being locked on the resilient strip (4) to disable rotation of the rotation stop washer (13), and a boss (30) above, the boss (30) being locked in the opening (24) of the detent spring (12) to disable rotation of the detent spring (12), the boss (30) being outside the flange dome (15) of the ratchet nut (11), the boss (30) being slightly higher than the detent spring (12) to lock the detent spring (12), the second configuration of the rotation stop washer (13) being substantially the same as the first configuration of the rotation stop washer (13), with the difference being that the boss (30) and the catches (31) are replaced by a pin (33), the holes being punched in the same positions of the boss (30) and the catches (31), the pin (33) being fitted, the resilient washer (13) being of the body consisting of a flanged washer (28) and a body (32) with a flanged washer (28) which is not rotatable washer body, the resilient strip (28) and a flanged washer (32) being formed by a raised edge (32) and a raised edge (32) on both sides, the fourth structure of the rotation stop washer (13) is basically the same as the third structure of the rotation stop washer (13) except that the washer body (28) is circular.

6. The ratchet bolt and ratchet nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structure of the iron tie plate (6) is different from the iron tie plate (6) used in a railway in that a boss (30) and a dismounting hole (37) are added, the boss (30) is arranged outside the round hole (29) of the iron tie plate (6), the ratchet bolt (10) and the pawl spring (12) are assembled in the round hole (29) to fix the iron tie plate (6) on a sleeper, the pawl spring (12) is clamped by the boss (30) to be incapable of rotating, the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in the ratchet (16) of the ratchet bolt (10) to lock the ratchet bolt (10) in one direction, the side surface of the boss (30) is provided with a waist-shaped dismounting hole (37), the dismounting hole (37) is a long waist-shaped sunken platform through hole, and the lower end of the through hole is a sunken platform.

7. A ratchet bolt and ratchet nut as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the structure of the fishplate (7) differs from the fishplate (7) used in railways in that a boss (30) and a release hole (37) are added, the boss (30) is provided outside the circular hole (29) of the fishplate (7), the fishbolt (8) is fitted in the circular hole (29), the ratchet nut (11) and the ratchet spring (12) are assembled on the fishbolt (8), the boss (30) is locked in the opening (24) of the ratchet spring (12) so as not to be able to rotate, the elbow (23) of the ratchet spring (12) is locked in the ratchet (16) of the ratchet nut (11) in one direction, the ratchet release hole (37) is provided outside the boss (30), the release hole (37) is a long kidney-shaped through hole, the T-shaped release plate (40) is inserted in the release hole (37) and rotated for some angles, the T-shaped release plate (40) is locked in the release hole (37), the T-shaped release hole (39) is inserted in the reverse-shaped screwdriver bit (23) of the ratchet nut (11), and the reverse-shaped screwdriver bit (16) is pressed and the ratchet nut (11) is removed by the reverse-type screwdriver bit (16), the second structure of the fishplate (7) is basically the same as the first structure of the fishplate (7), except that a boss (30) is replaced by a pin (33), a hole is formed in the boss (30) at the same position, the pin (33) is assembled on the hole, the height of the pin (33) is slightly higher than that of the pawl spring (12), the pin (33) is clamped in an opening (24) of the pawl spring (12) to prevent the pin from rotating, and an elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is clamped in a ratchet (16) of the ratchet nut (11) to unidirectionally lock the ratchet nut (11).

8. A ratchet bolt and ratchet nut as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first configuration of the gauge tie rod (9), as compared to the gauge tie rod (9) used on railways, is different in that a boss (30) is added to the outside of the circular hole (29) of the clip (47), four sets of ratchet nuts (11), pawl springs (12) and clip (47) are assembled to the screw threads (18) at both ends of the tie rod (46), a pair of clips (47) is assembled to each end of the tie rod (46), the wedge-shaped slot (49) of the clip (47) is engaged to the rail (1), the boss (30) on the clip (47) holds the pawl spring (12) against rotation, the elbow (23) of the pawl spring (12) is engaged to the ratchet nut (16) of the ratchet nut (11) to lock the ratchet nut (11), the ratchet nut (11) is tightened to clamp the rail (1), the square reinforcing rib (48) is provided on the clip (47), the square plate (51) is engaged to the screwdriver (48), the screwdriver bit (39) of the pawl spring (23) is inserted to the screwdriver bit (23) to unlock the elbow (23), the spring (23) is inserted to the screwdriver bit (39) and the ratchet spring (23) is inserted to the screwdriver bit (16) to press the ratchet spring (16), the track distance pull rod (9) can be detached by reversely rotating the ratchet nut (11) by a wrench, the second structure of the track distance pull rod (9) is basically the same as the first structure of the track distance pull rod (9), the difference is that one square plate (52) is welded at one end of the pull rod (46), the square plate (52) replaces one group of the ratchet nut (11) and the pawl spring (12), the square plate (52) is clamped on a clamping iron (47) matched with the square plate (52), a boss (30) and a reinforcing rib (48) are eliminated from the clamping iron (47) matched with the square plate (52), the rest structures are completely the same, the third structure of the track distance pull rod (9) is an insulating track distance pull rod (9) and is basically the same as the first structure of the track distance pull rod (9), the difference is that the pull rod (46) is cut off, the two pull rods (46) are connected by using an insulating joint (59), the rest structures are the same, the insulating joint (59) is composed of a shell (53), a bolt (55), the insulating joint (54) and the insulating joint (55) is arranged on each end of the pull rod (46), and the end of each plastic plug (55), the inner diameter of the round tube is larger than the length of the plug pin (55), a closing-in (57) is arranged at two ends of the round tube, the diameter of an inner hole of the closing-in (57) is larger than that of the pull rod (46), a slot (58) is cut on the closing-in (57), the length and the width of the slot (58) are slightly larger than that of the plug pin (55), after the two ends of the plug pin (55) and the end head of the pull rod (46) are assembled with an insulating cap (54), the insulating cap is inserted into the shell (53) from the slots (58) at two sides of the shell (53), two ends of the shell (53) are sealed by a mold, molten plastic (56) is injected into the shell (53), the two pull rods (46) are firmly connected after the plastic (56) is solidified, and the gauge pull rod (9) is insulated and has certain strength.

9. The ratchet bolt and ratchet nut as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the ratchet bolt (10) and ratchet nut (11) are applied to a common workpiece, the ratchet bolt (10) and ratchet nut (11) are used in combination with a ratchet spring (12), a small threaded hole is formed beside a bolt hole or a threaded hole of the workpiece, a screw (42) is assembled in the small threaded hole instead of a boss (30), the screw (42) is clamped in an opening (24) of the ratchet spring (12) to clamp the ratchet spring (12) so as not to rotate, an elbow (23) of the ratchet spring (12) is clamped in the ratchet (16) of the ratchet bolt (10) and ratchet nut (11) so as to lock the ratchet spring in a one-way manner, when the ratchet bolt (10) and ratchet nut (11) need to be disassembled, the ratchet screw (42) is firstly disassembled to unlock the ratchet (16), and then the bolt (10) and ratchet nut (11) can be disassembled by reversely rotating a wrench.