CN217720698U - Short-circuit protection system for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Short-circuit protection system for electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN217720698U
CN217720698U CN202220634608.XU CN202220634608U CN217720698U CN 217720698 U CN217720698 U CN 217720698U CN 202220634608 U CN202220634608 U CN 202220634608U CN 217720698 U CN217720698 U CN 217720698U
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short
circuit
module
circuit protection
resistance
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韩义西
毕宁宁
成建亭
吴佳宁
陈博斌
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Tianjin Yadi Industry Co Ltd
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Tianjin Yadi Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model provides a short-circuit protection system for electric vehicle, which comprises a power supply module, a short-circuit protection module, a starting module and a protected electric appliance, wherein the anode input end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the anode of the power supply module, the cathode end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the cathode of the power supply module, and the anode output end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the starting module and then connected with the protected electric appliance for power supply; an overcurrent blocking circuit is arranged between the positive output end and the positive input end, a voltage division control circuit is arranged between the positive output end and the negative end and used for controlling the overcurrent capacity of the overcurrent blocking circuit, a starting detection circuit is further connected to the voltage division control circuit, and the other end of the starting detection circuit is connected with the positive output end through a starting module and used for carrying out cutoff protection when the short-circuit voltage appears at the positive output end. A short-circuit protection system for electric motor car, overflow blocking circuit and break off the power supply safely after exceeding the current-limiting, response speed is fast, does not produce the spark, the security is high.

Description

Short-circuit protection system for electric vehicle
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to electric motor car short circuit field especially relates to a short-circuit protection system for electric motor car.
Background
Along with the increasing demand of people on convenient green travel, the market retention amount of the electric vehicle is increased year by year, and the increase of the volume also brings problems, wherein the spontaneous combustion phenomenon of the electric vehicle is more serious, and the threat to the life and property safety of people is brought; the main reasons for the spontaneous combustion of the electric vehicle are the aging and cracking of the insulating sheath of the electric wire and the short circuit inside the device, which cause the ignition caused by the heat generation after the electric short circuit;
the overcurrent/short-circuit protection of the existing electric vehicle mostly adopts a protection mode that a fuse or an air switch is connected in series in a main loop, but the response speed is low, and a common fuse device needs more than 50ms of response time and cannot timely prevent heating caused by short circuit; the limiting value of the current is fixed, and in order to take account of the large current during normal use, the protection value cannot be made very small, so that the current cannot be cut off in time when slight short circuit occurs, obvious sparks are generated during short circuit, and potential safety hazards are caused; the fusing device is disposable, and the device needs to be replaced after the protection is triggered.
Therefore, a protection system against overcurrent and short circuit needs to be designed to prevent fire.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model aims at providing a short-circuit protection system for electric motor car to solve current electric motor car and lack the problem of the protection system that overflows, short circuit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is realized as follows:
a short-circuit protection system for an electric vehicle comprises a power supply module, a short-circuit protection module, a starting module and a protected electric appliance, wherein the positive input end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply module, the negative end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply module, and the positive output end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the starting module and then connected with the protected electric appliance for power supply;
the short-circuit protection device is characterized in that an overcurrent blocking circuit is arranged between the positive output end and the positive input end of the short-circuit protection module, a voltage division control circuit is arranged between the positive output end and the negative end and used for controlling the overcurrent capacity of the overcurrent blocking circuit, a starting detection circuit is further connected to the voltage division control circuit, the other end of the starting detection circuit is a starting detection end, the starting detection end is connected with the positive output end through a starting module and used for performing cutoff protection when the short-circuit voltage appears at the positive output end.
Further, the overcurrent blocking circuit comprises a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q1 and a thermistor R5 connected with the PMOS tube Q1 in parallel, the voltage division control circuit comprises a divider resistor R1, a divider resistor R2 and a triode Q2 which are sequentially connected in series, the grid of the PMOS tube Q1 and the divider resistor R1 are close to one end of the divider resistor R2, the starting detection circuit comprises a voltage stabilizing diode DZ2, the base of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode DZ2, and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is the starting detection end of the starting detection circuit.
Further, a resistor R3 is arranged between the base electrode of the triode Q2 and the base electrode of the triode Q2 is also connected with a pull-down resistor R4 and then grounded.
Furthermore, a voltage stabilizing diode DZ1 is connected in parallel at two ends of the divider resistor R1, the positive output end of the short-circuit protection module is also connected with a capacitor E1, and the other end of the capacitor E1 is grounded.
Further, the starting module comprises a key switch and an electronic burglar alarm, and the key switch is connected with the electronic burglar alarm in parallel.
Furthermore, the short-circuit protection system is also provided with a communication module, the communication module comprises a first detection port and a second detection port, the first detection port is connected with the positive input end of the short-circuit protection module, the second detection port is connected with the positive output end of the short-circuit protection module, and the communication module determines whether short circuit occurs or not through the voltage difference between the positive input end and the positive output end and transmits a fault signal to the user side through wireless communication.
Further, communication module includes singlechip, resistance R6, resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R9, from detection port one series resistance R6, resistance R7 in proper order, resistance R7 keeps away from resistance R6 one end ground connection, two series resistance R8, resistance R9 in proper order of detection port, resistance R8 one end ground connection is kept away from to resistance R9, singlechip pin 5 connecting resistance R7 is close to resistance R6 one end, singlechip pin 6 connecting resistance R9 is close to resistance R8 one end, singlechip pin 4 sets up the communication port and is connected with wireless communication device, and wireless communication device carries out wireless communication with the user side and carries out the early warning suggestion.
Further, the voltage difference between the voltage value of the pin 4 of the single chip microcomputer and the voltage value of the pin 5 is larger than or equal to 5V, and a short-circuit early warning prompt is sent to a user through the communication module, otherwise, the short-circuit early warning prompt is normal. Compared with the prior art, a short-circuit protection system for electric motor car have following beneficial effect:
(1) The utility model discloses a short-circuit protection system for electric motor car, overcurrent block circuit makes the electric motor car not start the state through the partial pressure control circuit, and maximum limit flow control is in the undercurrent (undercurrent satisfies the normal use of parts such as electronic alarm), and electric motor car start the state, allows certain heavy current to pass through, satisfies the normal work of follow-up work part; the overcurrent blocking circuit is safely powered off after exceeding the current limit, the response speed is high, sparks are not generated, and the safety is high.
(2) A short-circuit protection system for electric motor car, after triggering the short-circuit protection, can detect the voltage difference before the positive input end of short-circuit protection module and the positive output end through communication module and discover abnormal conditions to transmit abnormal information to user's terminal or thing networking high in the clouds backstage through wireless communication module, in time inform user and vehicle manufacture factory vehicle abnormal conditions to appear.
(3) A short-circuit protection system for electric motor car, can resume by oneself after removing short-circuit fault, but repeated protection need not like devices such as the change fuse among the traditional short-circuit protection, reduces cost of maintenance, facilitates the use.
(4) The utility model discloses a short-circuit protection system for electric motor car, short-circuit protection module sets up in the positive input end of protected device, and each part of general whole car adopts the power supply mode of sharing the negative pole, and positive input is relatively independent, therefore the optional position of protection system is more nimble, can select to protect different scopes; the topological position of short-circuit protection module installation is in the system of whole car except that the power supply part uses the electric appliance positive pole, and the total power is less, and is very little to the requirement of Pmos pipe current capacity, and the material cost of protection system is very low. And the heat generation quantity is very small under the normal working condition, and the requirement on the volume of the shell is very small.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without undue limitation. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a short-circuit protection system for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal circuit of the short-circuit protection module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a short-circuit protection system for an electric vehicle includes a power supply module, a short-circuit protection module, a starting module, and a protected electrical appliance, wherein an anode input end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with an anode of the power supply module, a cathode end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with a cathode of the power supply module, and an anode output end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the starting module and then connected with the protected electrical appliance for power supply;
the short-circuit protection device is characterized in that an overcurrent blocking circuit is arranged between the positive output end and the positive input end of the short-circuit protection module, a voltage division control circuit is arranged between the positive output end and the negative end and used for controlling the overcurrent capacity of the overcurrent blocking circuit, a starting detection circuit is further connected onto the voltage division control circuit, the other end of the starting detection circuit is a starting detection end, and the starting detection end is connected with the positive output end through a starting module and used for stopping protection when the short-circuit voltage appears at the positive output end.
The protection device comprises a plurality of protected electrical appliances, wherein the positive pole of each protected electrical appliance is connected with the positive pole output end of the short-circuit protection system through the starting module, the negative pole of each protected electrical appliance is connected with the negative pole of the power supply module, and each protected electrical appliance comprises a display/light module and a controller IC power supply module.
The power supply module is a battery of the electric vehicle, and the anode of the battery is connected with the anode input end of the short-circuit protection module through a fusing device. The battery may be powered by motor power.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the over-current blocking circuit includes a PMOS transistor Q1 and a thermistor R5 connected in parallel with the PMOS transistor Q1, the voltage dividing control circuit includes a voltage dividing resistor R1, a voltage dividing resistor R2 and a triode Q2 which are connected in series in sequence, the gate of the PMOS transistor Q1 and the voltage dividing resistor R1 are close to one end of the voltage dividing resistor R2, the start detection circuit includes a voltage stabilizing diode DZ2, the base of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode DZ2, and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is the start detection end of the start detection circuit.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a resistor R3 is arranged between the base of the triode Q2 and the base of the triode Q2, and the base of the triode Q2 is also connected with a pull-down resistor R4 and then grounded.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a zener diode DZ1 is further connected in parallel to two ends of the voltage-dividing resistor R1, the positive output end of the short-circuit protection module is further connected to a capacitor E1, and the other end of the capacitor E1 is grounded.
DZ1 and E1 are used for filtering unstable voltage pulses on the anode and protecting sensitive devices from being damaged easily.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the starting module includes a key switch and an electronic burglar alarm, and the key switch is connected in parallel with the electronic burglar alarm.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the short-circuit protection system is further provided with a communication module, the communication module includes a first detection port and a second detection port, the first detection port is connected with a positive input end of the short-circuit protection module, the second detection port is connected with a positive output end of the short-circuit protection module, and the communication module determines whether short circuit occurs through a voltage difference between the positive input end and the positive output end and transmits a fault signal to a user side through wireless communication.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, communication module includes singlechip, resistance R6, resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R9, from detection port one series resistance R6, resistance R7 in proper order, resistance R7 keeps away from resistance R6 one end ground connection, two series resistance R8, resistance R9 in proper order of detection port, resistance R9 keeps away from resistance R8 one end ground connection, singlechip pin 5 connecting resistance R7 is close to resistance R6 one end, singlechip pin 6 connecting resistance R9 is close to resistance R8 one end, singlechip pin 4 sets up communication port and is connected with wireless communication device, and wireless communication device carries out the early warning suggestion with the user side wireless communication.
The wireless communication device adopts but is not limited to a 4g/2g Internet of things module or a vehicle-mounted gps communication module in the prior art.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the voltage difference between the voltage value of the pin 4 and the voltage value of the pin 5 of the single chip microcomputer is greater than or equal to 5V, and a short-circuit warning prompt is sent to a user through the communication module, otherwise, the short-circuit warning prompt is normal.
The working process comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, when the electric vehicle is not started, the key switch is turned off, no voltage is input to a starting signal, no current flows through DZ2 and R3, the Q2 base is connected with the negative electrode through a pull-down resistor R4, the base is at a low level, Q2 is in a cut-off state, the Q1 gate is connected to the positive electrode through R1, the level is at a high level of the positive electrode of the battery, the starting condition is not met, and the PMOS transistor is in a cut-off state; therefore, the output current of the anode completely flows through R5, the typical value of the rated current of the R5 is 100mA, and the power consumption of rear parts (only an electronic burglar alarm) can be met in a parking state; when a short circuit occurs, according to the characteristics of the thermistor, the temperature of the thermistor rises after the current exceeds 100ma, the resistance is increased sharply, the current is blocked, and the voltage of the positive electrode output port is rapidly reduced to 0, so that the large current heating and fire ignition caused by short circuit are avoided; meanwhile, the positive output voltage is greatly reduced, even if the key switch is turned on, the protection system still cannot recover current output due to the fact that insufficient voltage does not reach the starting signal end, the single chip microcomputer detects that the voltage difference between the positive output voltage and the battery positive voltage is obvious at the moment, abnormal state information is sent to the wireless communication device through the communication port, the wireless communication device is judged to enter a short-circuit protection state, and abnormal alarm information is sent to a user side or a cloud background of the Internet of things.
When the short-circuit fault is eliminated, the current is reduced to a normal range, the R5 heating value is reduced, the resistance is reduced, the normal current output is recovered, the rear voltage is recovered to be normal, the single chip microcomputer detects that the voltage of the anode output is not obviously different from the voltage of the anode of the battery (the voltage difference is less than 5V), the sending of the abnormal information through the communication port is stopped, the short-circuit protection state is judged to be relieved, and the wireless communication device stops sending the abnormal alarm.
And a second state: when the electric vehicle is started, the key switch is closed, the 48V voltage output by the positive electrode reaches a starting signal port, the DZ2 characteristic is that current flows through the DZ2 when the voltage at two ends of the DZ2 is higher than the reverse conducting voltage of the DZ by 30V, the current supplies power to the Q2 base level through R3, a collector and an emitter of the Q2 are in a conducting state, a grid of the Q1 is connected to a collector of the Q2 through R2 and then connected to the negative electrode of the battery through the emitter, the grid voltage is reduced, the grid voltage reaches the starting voltage of the Q1 through the proportion of divider resistors R1 and R2 to conduct the Q1, the normal work of a rear electrical appliance with higher power can be supplied due to the strong overcurrent capacity of the PMOS (the typical value is 5-50A), and almost no current flows through the R5 to heat the electrical appliance due to the fact that the conducting resistance of the Q1 is smaller than the R5.
When the short circuit occurs, namely the positive output end is in short circuit with the negative electrode of the battery, the output voltage of the positive electrode is greatly reduced, the level of a starting signal is reduced, when the level is lower than the DZ2 reverse conducting voltage by 30V, DZ2 enters a cut-off state, the current supply of R3 is cut off, Q2 loses the base level power supply and enters the cut-off state, R2 cannot pull the grid level of Q1 down, R1 pulls the grid of Q1 up, the grid voltage cannot reach the starting voltage of Pmos, pmos is cut off, all current flows through R5, and therefore the short circuit condition described in the first state is entered, and short circuit protection is triggered. At the moment, the single chip microcomputer detects that an obvious voltage difference (the voltage difference is larger than 5V) occurs between the output voltage of the anode and the voltage of the anode of the battery, abnormal state information is sent through the communication port through the wireless communication device, the fact that the battery enters a short-circuit protection state is judged, and abnormal alarm information is sent to a user side or a cloud background of the Internet of things.
When the short-circuit fault is eliminated, if the switch is still in a conducting state, the current of a rear high-power electric appliance still exceeds the R5 rated current by 100ma, the short-circuit protection cannot be removed, after the switch needs to be disconnected, the current is reduced to a normal range, the R5 heat productivity is reduced, the resistance is reduced, the normal current output is recovered, the rear voltage can be recovered to be normal, the wireless communication device detects that the voltage of the positive output end is recovered, judges that the short-circuit protection state is removed, and stops sending abnormal alarm.
DZ1 and E1 are used for filtering unstable voltage pulses on the anode and protecting sensitive devices from being damaged easily.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a short-circuit protection system for electric motor car which characterized in that: the short-circuit protection device comprises a power supply module, a short-circuit protection module, a starting module and a protected electric appliance, wherein the positive input end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply module, the negative end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply module, and the positive output end of the short-circuit protection module is connected with the starting module and then connected with the protected electric appliance for power supply;
the short-circuit protection device is characterized in that an overcurrent blocking circuit is arranged between the positive output end and the positive input end of the short-circuit protection module, a voltage division control circuit is arranged between the positive output end and the negative end and used for controlling the overcurrent capacity of the overcurrent blocking circuit, a starting detection circuit is further connected onto the voltage division control circuit, the other end of the starting detection circuit is a starting detection end, and the starting detection end is connected with the positive output end through a starting module and used for stopping protection when the short-circuit voltage appears at the positive output end.
2. A short-circuit protection system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the overcurrent blocking circuit comprises a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q1 and a thermistor R5 connected with the PMOS tube Q1 in parallel, the voltage division control circuit comprises a divider resistor R1, a divider resistor R2 and a triode Q2 which are sequentially connected in series, the grid of the PMOS tube Q1 and the divider resistor R1 are close to one end of the divider resistor R2, the starting detection circuit comprises a voltage stabilizing diode DZ2, the base of the triode Q2 is connected with the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode DZ2, and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode is the starting detection end of the starting detection circuit.
3. A short-circuit protection system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: a resistor R3 is arranged between the base of the triode Q2 and the base of the triode Q2, and the base of the triode Q2 is also connected with a pull-down resistor R4 and then grounded.
4. A short-circuit protection system for an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: voltage stabilizing diode DZ1 is connected in parallel at two ends of divider resistor R1, capacitor E1 is connected at the positive output end of short-circuit protection module, and the other end of capacitor E1 is grounded.
5. A short-circuit protection system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the starting module comprises a key switch and an electronic burglar alarm, and the key switch is connected with the electronic burglar alarm in parallel.
6. A short-circuit protection system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the short-circuit protection system is further provided with a communication module, the communication module comprises a first detection port and a second detection port, the first detection port is connected with the positive input end of the short-circuit protection module, the second detection port is connected with the positive output end of the short-circuit protection module, the communication module determines whether short circuit occurs or not through the voltage difference between the positive input end and the positive output end, and transmits a fault signal to a user side through wireless communication.
7. A short circuit protection system for an electric vehicle according to claim 6, wherein: communication module includes singlechip, resistance R6, resistance R7, resistance R8, resistance R9, from a detection port in proper order series resistance R6, resistance R7 keeps away from resistance R6 one end ground connection, two series resistance R8, resistance R9 in proper order of detection port, resistance R9 keeps away from resistance R8 one end ground connection, 5 connecting resistance R7 of singlechip pin are close to resistance R6 one end, 6 connecting resistance R9 of singlechip pin are close to resistance R8 one end, singlechip pin 4 sets up communication port and is connected with wireless communication device, and wireless communication device carries out wireless communication with the user side and carries out the early warning suggestion.
8. A short-circuit protection system for an electric vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that: and the voltage difference between the voltage value of the pin 4 of the singlechip and the voltage value of the pin 5 is more than or equal to 5V, and a short-circuit early warning prompt is sent to a user through the communication module, otherwise, the short-circuit early warning prompt is normal.
CN202220634608.XU 2022-03-23 2022-03-23 Short-circuit protection system for electric vehicle Active CN217720698U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202220634608.XU CN217720698U (en) 2022-03-23 2022-03-23 Short-circuit protection system for electric vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202220634608.XU CN217720698U (en) 2022-03-23 2022-03-23 Short-circuit protection system for electric vehicle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN217720698U true CN217720698U (en) 2022-11-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202220634608.XU Active CN217720698U (en) 2022-03-23 2022-03-23 Short-circuit protection system for electric vehicle

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN217720698U (en)

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