CN217660079U - Intramedullary nail positioning device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an intramedullary nail positioning device, wherein an intramedullary nail and an implantation tool arm are respectively arranged at the two ends of a fixed guide arm, a distal hole is arranged at the end of the intramedullary nail which is not connected with the fixed guide arm, the intramedullary nail is axially and rotatably connected on the fixed guide arm, and the end of the intramedullary nail provided with the distal hole is a magnetic end; the implantation tool arm is rotatably connected with the fixed guide arm, and one end of the implantation tool arm, which faces the intramedullary nail, is provided with a magnetic locator. The utility model discloses monitor the magnetism end of intramedullary nail through the magnetic positioner after the intramedullary nail inserts the marrow cavity, the direction and the position of distal end hole are judged according to the situation of change of magnetism end three-dimensional magnetic field distribution, adjust implantation angle and the direction of rotation of implanting the instrument arm according to the control data on the magnetic positioner again, thereby make implantation instrument arm can accurately aim at the distal end hole of intramedullary nail, realize quick location, operation time has been reduced, anesthesia time has also been reduced simultaneously, the efficiency of operation has effectively been improved.

Description

Intramedullary nail positioning device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to an intramedullary nail positioning device.

Background

Intramedullary nails are orthopedic internal fixation instruments among medical instruments and have the following advantages compared with other extramedullary fixation methods: 1. the axial force line of the fracture part can be controlled, the locked intramedullary nail can prevent the fracture rotation deformity, and the risk of the fracture of the built-in object is reduced; 2. the surgical infection rate can be effectively reduced by adopting a closed and minimally invasive technology; 3. can reduce damage to periosteum blood circulation, retain growth factors with osteogenesis effect in hematoma, expand marrow debris with autogenous bone grafting effect, and promote fracture healing by mechanical stimulation provided by micromotion generated by muscle contraction; 4. stress shielding effect is avoided by central fixation, elastic fixation and stress dispersion, and incidence rate of re-fracture is low; 5. the fixation is firm, and the function exercise and the load bearing can be performed in early stage; 6. the internal fixation is taken out and passes through a small incision, and the minimally invasive surgery is realized. Therefore, intramedullary nails are generally used as the first choice internal fixation instruments for femoral shaft fractures.

When the intramedullary nail is used, in order to prevent two parts of a fracture from rotating, a plurality of screws are required to transversely penetrate through the backbone and the intramedullary nail for locking, a doctor can combine a drilling guide with the intramedullary nail before the intramedullary nail is inserted into a medullary cavity, theoretically, a guide hole of the guide should be over against a distal end hole of the intramedullary nail, namely a locking screw hole, so that a drill bit can be drilled into the locking screw hole after penetrating through the guide hole, but the position of the drill bit is deviated or the intramedullary nail rotates due to the influence of the shape of a long bone after the intramedullary nail is inserted into the medullary cavity, and the drill bit cannot be aligned with the locking screw hole in practical application, so that the nail locking difficulty is caused.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: provides an intramedullary nail positioning device capable of accurately locking nails.

In order to solve the technical problem the utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts is: the intramedullary nail positioning device comprises a fixed guide arm, wherein an intramedullary nail and an implantation tool arm are respectively arranged at two ends of the fixed guide arm, a distal hole is formed in one end, which is not connected with the fixed guide arm, of the intramedullary nail, the intramedullary nail is axially and rotatably connected to the fixed guide arm, and a magnetic end is arranged at one end, which is provided with the distal hole, of the intramedullary nail; the implantation tool arm is rotatably connected with the fixed guide arm, and one end of the implantation tool arm, which faces the intramedullary nail, is provided with a magnetic positioner.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic positioner is formed by electrically connecting a display screen, an MCU chip and a three-axis magnetic sensor.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: one end of the intramedullary nail connected with the fixed guide arm is provided with a first angle encoder.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the intramedullary nail fixing device is characterized by further comprising a first locking screw, wherein the first locking screw is in threaded connection with one end, connected with the intramedullary nail, of the fixing guide arm, and the first locking screw is inserted into the fixing guide arm and then is pressed on the circumferential surface of one end, extending into the fixing guide arm, of the intramedullary nail.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the fixed guide arm is connected with the implantation tool arm through an adjustable guide arm, the adjustable guide arm is axially and rotatably connected to the fixed guide arm, and one end, which is not connected with the fixed guide arm, of the adjustable guide arm is rotatably connected with the implantation tool arm; the adjustable guide arm is a guide arm with adjustable length.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: and a second angle encoder is arranged at one end of the adjustable guide arm connected with the fixed guide arm.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the locking device also comprises a second locking screw and a third locking screw; the second locking screw is in threaded connection with one end of the fixed guide arm, which is connected with the adjustable guide arm, and is pressed on the peripheral surface of one end of the adjustable guide arm, which extends into the fixed guide arm, after being inserted into the fixed guide arm; the adjustable guide arm is fixed with the connecting block with the one end that implants the instrument arm and is connected, but implant instrument arm axial pivoted connect on the connecting block and implant for rotatable coupling between instrument arm and the connecting block, third locking screw threaded connection supports on the connecting block and supports and lean on implanting the instrument arm.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic end of the intramedullary nail is provided with a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet is detachably arranged in the distal hole.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic end of the intramedullary nail is provided with an electromagnet.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the electromagnet comprises a solenoid and a lead, wherein the solenoid is detachably arranged in the distal hole, the lead is wound on the solenoid, ferromagnetic substances are arranged in the solenoid, and two ends of the lead are electrically connected with an external power supply after penetrating through an inner cavity of the intramedullary nail.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the magnetism of the magnetic end of the intramedullary nail is obtained by exciting the intramedullary nail by the exciting coil arranged close to the distal hole.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: and a wireless communication module is arranged in the magnetic positioner.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the wireless communication module is a Bluetooth communication module.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are that: the utility model discloses establish the one end that is equipped with the distal hole with the intramedullary nail into the magnetism end, set up the magnetic locator on fixed guiding arm simultaneously and come to fix a position the distal hole of intramedullary nail, insert the magnetism end of intramedullary nail through the magnetic locator after the intramedullary nail inserts the marrow cavity, the direction and the position in distal hole are judged according to the situation of change of the three-dimensional magnetic field distribution of magnetism end, again according to the control data on the magnetic locator to the angle of implantation and the direction of rotation of implanting the instrument arm, thereby make the distal hole that the instrument arm can accurately aim at the intramedullary nail of implanting, realize quick location, the operation time has been reduced, the anesthesia time has also been reduced simultaneously, the efficiency of operation has effectively been improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of an electromagnet according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 to 6 are schematic views illustrating the operation of the magnetic positioner of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution after excitation of the present invention;

labeled as: 100-fixed guide arm, 200-intramedullary nail, 210-distal hole, 220-first angle encoder, 230-permanent magnet, 241-solenoid, 242-wire, 250-excitation coil, 300-implant tool arm, 310-magnetic positioner, 410-first locking screw, 420-second locking screw, 430-third locking screw, 500-adjustable guide arm, 510-second angle encoder, 600-connecting block.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the following description is further provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the intramedullary nail positioning device disclosed in the present invention comprises a fixing guide arm 100, wherein an intramedullary nail 200 and an implantation tool arm 300 are mounted on the fixing guide arm 100; the intramedullary nail 200 and the implantation tool arm 300 are rotatably connected with the fixing guide arm 100, and the intramedullary nail 200 and the implantation tool arm 300 are respectively installed at the ends of the fixing guide arm 100. The intramedullary nail 200 is provided with a distal hole 210 at the end not connected with the fixing guide arm 100, the distal hole 210 is a locking screw hole to which the implantation tool arm 300 is aligned, and the intramedullary nail 200 can rotate axially with its own axis as the center line. In the utility model, in order to realize the fast and accurate positioning between the distal holes 210 on the implantation tool arm 300 and the intramedullary nail 200 after the intramedullary nail 200 is inserted into the marrow cavity, the one end of the intramedullary nail 200 provided with the distal holes 210 is set as the magnetic end, and the magnetic positioner 310 is installed on the implantation tool arm 300, and the magnetic positioner 310 is installed on the one end of the implantation tool arm 300 facing the intramedullary nail 200.

The magnetic locator 310 in the utility model is composed of an electrically connected display screen, an MCU chip and a magnetic sensor; the display screen is a small OLED display screen, and the display screen can display the monitored three-dimensional magnetic field intensity in real time; the magnetic sensor is a three-axis magnetic sensor, the three-axis magnetic sensor monitors the magnetic field distribution condition of the magnetic end of the intramedullary nail 200 and transmits a magnetic field signal to the MCU chip, and the MCU chip converts the magnetic field signal into a digital signal, an image signal or a text signal to be displayed on the display screen.

Because the medullary cavity of the long tubular bone of the human body is not a regular cylindrical hole, after the intramedullary nail 200 is inserted into the medullary cavity, the insertion end of the intramedullary nail 200 will displace along with the shape of the medullary cavity, which causes the direction or position of the distal end hole 210 to be inconsistent with the orientation of the implantation tool arm 300, resulting in that the implantation tool arm 300 can not accurately position the distal end hole 210, the punching position is easy to deviate, the screw is not easy to find the direction to implant into the distal end hole 210, thereby prolonging the operation time, increasing the wound area of the patient, and increasing the probability of causing complications. The utility model discloses a cooperation of the magnetic end of intramedullary nail 200 and magnetic locator 310 comes angle and the direction to distal end hole 210 to carry out accurate location, drills out the through-hole that aligns with distal end hole 210 accuracy on the bone, makes implant instrument arm 300 can be fast, accurately implant the screw in the distal end hole 210 of intramedullary nail 200.

The intramedullary nail 200 of the present invention is rotatably connected to the fixed guide arm 100, and the specific angle of rotation of the intramedullary nail 200 can be monitored by the first angle encoder 220. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a first angle encoder 220 is provided at one end of the intramedullary nail 200 connected to the fixed guide arm 100, so that whether the intramedullary nail 200 is axially rotated or not can be observed in real time after the intramedullary nail 200 is inserted into the medullary cavity by the first angle encoder 220, and the specific rotation angle of the intramedullary nail 200 can be known in detail. The specific connection mode between the intramedullary nail 200 and the fixing guide arm 100 is that a blind hole for inserting the end of the intramedullary nail 200 is axially arranged at the end of the connecting end of the intramedullary nail 200 and the fixing guide arm 100, and the end of the intramedullary nail 200 is inserted into the blind hole. The intramedullary nail 200 is fixed by means of a first locking screw 410, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the first locking screw 410 is screwed at one end of the fixing guide arm 100 connected with the intramedullary nail 200, and the first locking screw 410 is inserted into the fixing guide arm 100 and then is pressed tightly on the peripheral surface of one end of the intramedullary nail 200 extending into the fixing guide arm 100; the intramedullary nail 200 may be locked by rotating the first locking screw 410 to prevent axial rotation of the intramedullary nail 200 once positioning is complete.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fixed guide arm 100 of the present invention is connected to the implantation tool arm 300 through the adjustable guide arm 500, the adjustable guide arm 500 is axially and rotatably connected to the fixed guide arm 100, and the end of the adjustable guide arm 500 not connected to the fixed guide arm 100 is rotatably connected to the implantation tool arm 300; the adjustable guide arm 500 is a guide arm with adjustable length. One end of the adjustable guide arm 500 connected with the fixed guide arm 100 is provided with a second angle encoder 510, and the rotation angle of the adjustable guide arm 500 can be monitored in real time by setting the second angle encoder 510, i.e. the rotation angle of the implantation tool arm 300 installed on the adjustable guide arm 500 can be monitored in real time. The rotatable connection between the adjustable guide arm 500 and the fixed guide arm 100 and the length adjustment of the adjustable guide arm 500 are achieved by means of the following specific structures: a blind hole for inserting the adjustable guide arm 500 is axially formed at one end of the fixed guide arm 100 connected with the adjustable guide arm 500, the end of the adjustable guide arm 500 is inserted into the blind hole, the rotation angle of the implantation tool arm 300 can be adjusted by rotating the adjustable guide arm 500, and the extension length of the adjustable guide arm 500 can be adjusted by pulling and pulling the adjustable guide arm 500.

The rotatable connection between the adjustable guide arm 500 and the implantation tool arm 300 is realized by means of a connection block 600 disposed therebetween, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a connection block 600 is fixed at one end of the adjustable guide arm 500 connected with the implantation tool arm 300, the implantation tool arm 300 is axially rotatably connected to the connection block 600, and the implantation tool arm 300 is rotatably connected with the connection block 600. The utility model is also provided with a second locking screw 420 and a third locking screw 430 for respectively locking the adjustable guiding arm 500 and the implantation tool arm 300, and the specific installation mode of the second locking screw 420 and the third locking screw 430 is similar to that of the first locking screw 410, which is not repeated herein; the second locking screw 420 is screwed at one end of the fixed guide arm 100 connected with the adjustable guide arm 500, and the second locking screw 420 is inserted into the fixed guide arm 100 and then is pressed on the peripheral surface of one end of the adjustable guide arm 500 extending into the fixed guide arm 100; a third locking screw 430 is threaded onto attachment block 600 and abuts the implantation tool arm 300.

The magnetic end of the middle intramedullary nail 200 of the utility model can be realized by the following three specific embodiments:

example 1

As shown in FIG. 1, a permanent magnet 230 is mounted on the intramedullary nail 200, the permanent magnet 230 being removably mounted within the distal hole 210 of the intramedullary nail 200. To facilitate the removal and installation of the permanent magnet 230, the permanent magnet 230 may be in the shape of a hexagon socket head cap screw, and the permanent magnet 230 is installed in the distal hole 210 of the intramedullary nail 200 by means of a screw connection. When in operation, the intramedullary nail 200 is implanted into the marrow cavity along the guide needle; referring to the coordinate system shown in fig. 4 to 6, the relative position between the magnetic locator 310 and the permanent magnet 230 is schematically shown in fig. 4, the magnetic locator 310 is firstly measured around the intramedullary nail 200 in the yoz plane near the distal hole 210, and if the direction of the distal hole 210 is not consistent with the punching direction, the value of the magnetic sensor 310 in the z direction is larger; then, the rotation angle is adjusted, and at this time, the schematic diagram of the relative position between the magnetic locator 310 and the permanent magnet 230 is shown in fig. 5, the direction of the distal hole 210 is consistent with the punching direction, i.e. in the same horizontal plane, but the positioning is not performed, and the value of the magnetic sensor 310 in the z direction is minimum; and finally, the magnetic locator 310 is moved along the x-axis direction in the direction perpendicular to the hole for measurement, when the magnetic field intensity in the y-axis direction reaches a preset threshold value, the permanent magnet 230 is determined to be monitored below the magnetic locator 310, the schematic diagram of the relative position between the magnetic locator 310 and the permanent magnet 230 is shown in fig. 6, the positioning in the hole direction and the positioning in the hole position are completed, the magnetic locator 310 is reminded of characters at the same time, and then the punching operation can be carried out.

Example 2

In this embodiment, instead of using a magnet, the excitation coil 250 is used to excite the magnetic field near the distal hole 210 of the intramedullary nail 200, information such as frequency, phase, etc. can be loaded by the excitation, and the detected magnetic signal can be processed according to the characteristic information loaded by the excitation, so as to eliminate the influence of the surrounding interference magnetic field and improve the detection accuracy. As shown in fig. 2, the intramedullary nail 200 is excited by placing an excitation coil 250 proximate the distal hole 210 of the intramedullary nail 200. The magnetic locator 310 is internally provided with a wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module can select a Bluetooth communication module due to the small transmission distance, so that the monitored three-dimensional magnetic field intensity can be transmitted in real time through the wireless communication module. In operation, the intramedullary nail 200 is implanted along the guide pin into the medullary cavity, and then the excitation coil 250 is placed outside the bone to excite the intramedullary nail 200. During positioning, the implantation tool arm 300 firstly measures on a yoz plane near the distal end hole 210, determines whether the direction of the distal end hole 210 is consistent with the punching direction of the implantation tool arm 300 according to the change condition of the three-dimensional magnetic field distribution, and adjusts the rotation angle to measure again if the direction is inconsistent with the punching direction of the implantation tool arm 300; when the direction of the distal hole 210 is consistent with the punching direction of the implantation tool arm 300, the adjustable guide arm 500 is moved in the x direction near the distal hole 210, the magnetic positioner 310 on the implantation tool arm 300 is moved accordingly, and the signal generated by scanning is transmitted to the monitoring device through the wireless communication module. As shown in fig. 7, the location of the distal hole 210 is located by an algorithm that calculates the peak difference from the waveform map on the monitoring device. When the set conditions and threshold values are met, the monitoring equipment automatically reminds to realize positioning.

Example 3

In this embodiment, an electromagnet is mounted on the intramedullary nail 200. As shown in fig. 3, the electromagnet comprises a solenoid 241 detachably disposed in the distal hole 210 of the intramedullary nail 200 and a wire 242 wound around the solenoid 241, wherein a ferromagnetic substance is disposed in the solenoid 241, the ferromagnetic substance may be an iron core, and both ends of the wire 242 are electrically connected to an external power source after passing through the inner cavity of the intramedullary nail 200. The electromagnet can apply current with specific frequency to generate space magnetic field with specific frequency, so that influence of surrounding magnetic field on positioning can be avoided. When current passes through the wire 242, a uniform magnetic field is generated around the wire 242; after the iron core is inserted into the energized solenoid 241, the iron core is magnetized by the magnetic field generated by the energized solenoid 241, and the two magnetic fields are mutually superposed, so that the magnetism of the solenoid 241 is greatly enhanced, and the magnetic sensor 310 can monitor the change of the magnetic field at the distal hole 210 of the intramedullary nail 200 to judge whether the positioning is accurate.

Claims (13)

1. Intramedullary nail positioner, including fixed guiding arm (100), intramedullary nail (200) and implantation instrument arm (300) are installed respectively to the both ends of fixed guiding arm (100), and intramedullary nail (200) is equipped with distal end hole (210), its characterized in that with the one end that fixed guiding arm (100) are not connected: the intramedullary nail (200) is axially and rotatably connected to the fixed guide arm (100), and one end of the intramedullary nail (200) provided with a distal hole (210) is a magnetic end; the implantation tool arm (300) is rotatably connected with the fixed guide arm (100), and one end of the implantation tool arm (300) facing the intramedullary nail (200) is provided with a magnetic locator (310).

2. The intramedullary nail positioning device of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic positioner (310) is formed by electrically connecting a display screen, an MCU chip and a three-axis magnetic sensor.

3. The intramedullary nail positioning device of claim 1, wherein: one end of the intramedullary nail (200) connected with the fixed guide arm (100) is provided with a first angle encoder (220).

4. The intramedullary nail positioning device of claim 3, wherein: the intramedullary nail fixing device is characterized by further comprising a first locking screw (410), wherein the first locking screw (410) is in threaded connection with one end, connected with the intramedullary nail (200), of the fixing guide arm (100), and the first locking screw (410) is pressed on the peripheral surface of one end, extending into the fixing guide arm (100), of the intramedullary nail (200) after being inserted into the fixing guide arm (100).

5. The intramedullary nail positioning device of claim 1, wherein: the fixed guide arm (100) is connected with the implantation tool arm (300) through an adjustable guide arm (500), the adjustable guide arm (500) is axially and rotatably connected to the fixed guide arm (100), and one end, which is not connected with the fixed guide arm (100), of the adjustable guide arm (500) is rotatably connected with the implantation tool arm (300); the adjustable guide arm (500) is a guide arm with adjustable length.

6. The intramedullary nail positioning device of claim 5, wherein: and a second angle encoder (510) is arranged at one end of the adjustable guide arm (500) connected with the fixed guide arm (100).

7. The intramedullary nail positioning device of claim 5, wherein: the locking device also comprises a second locking screw (420) and a third locking screw (430); the second locking screw (420) is in threaded connection with one end, connected with the fixed guide arm (100) and the adjustable guide arm (500), of the fixed guide arm (100), and the second locking screw (420) is inserted into the fixed guide arm (100) and then is pressed on the peripheral surface of one end, extending into the fixed guide arm (100), of the adjustable guide arm (500); the adjustable guide arm (500) is fixed with a connecting block (600) at one end connected with an implantation tool arm (300), the implantation tool arm (300) can be axially and rotatably connected to the connecting block (600) and the implantation tool arm (300) is rotatably connected with the connecting block (600), and a third locking screw (430) is in threaded connection with the connecting block (600) and abuts against the implantation tool arm (300).

8. The intramedullary nail positioning device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the magnetic end of the intramedullary nail (200) is provided with a permanent magnet (230), and the permanent magnet (230) is detachably arranged in the distal hole (210).

9. The intramedullary nail positioning device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the magnetic end of the intramedullary nail (200) is provided with an electromagnet.

10. The intramedullary nail positioning device of claim 9, wherein: the electromagnet comprises a solenoid (241) detachably arranged in the distal hole (210) and a lead (242) wound on the solenoid (241), ferromagnetic substances are arranged in the solenoid (241), and two ends of the lead (242) penetrate through the inner cavity of the intramedullary nail (200) and then are electrically connected with an external power supply.

11. The intramedullary nail positioning device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the magnetic end of the intramedullary nail (200) is magnetized by a magnetizing coil (250) arranged close to the distal hole (210) to excite the intramedullary nail (200).

12. The intramedullary nail positioning device of claim 11, wherein: the magnetic locator (310) is internally provided with a wireless communication module.

13. The intramedullary nail positioning device of claim 12, wherein: the wireless communication module is a Bluetooth communication module.

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