CN217619443U

CN217619443U - Low-friction guide rail structure of machine tool

Info

Publication number: CN217619443U
Application number: CN202222190980.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张军军; 曲永冬; 邵静; 卢亦俊; 余颖; 高敏; 李广沈; 张颖; 刘坤明
Original assignee: China National Machinery Institute Group Yunnan Branch Co ltd
Current assignee: China National Machinery Institute Group Yunnan Branch Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-19
Filing date: 2022-08-19
Publication date: 2022-10-21
Anticipated expiration: 2032-08-19

Abstract

The utility model discloses a low-friction guide rail structure of a machine tool, which comprises a guide rail and a slide block, wherein the slide block is arranged on the guide rail, and the lower part of the slide block is fixed with a low-resistance wear-resistant layer which is in sliding fit with the rail surface of the guide rail; both ends detachable is equipped with the end cover around the slider, is equipped with rubber seal plate between end cover and slider, and the rubber seal plate lower part is equipped with the seal lip that extends to guide rail track face and sliding contact, is equipped with the oil storage chamber in the slider, and the slider is equipped with one end and oil storage chamber intercommunication and the oil guide hole that the other end extends to the low resistance wearing layer. The utility model discloses set up low resistance wearing layer and oil storage chamber and oil guide hole at the slider, frictional force when reducing the removal can reduce the wearing and tearing of slider and guide rail with increase of service life, also be convenient for maintain and change, and set up end cover and rubber seal board at the slider terminal surface, can avoid impurity such as smear metal to get into glide plane and lubricating oil leakage to further reduce frictional force and increase of service life, have simple structure, frictional resistance is little, be convenient for maintain, long service life's characteristics.

Description

Low-friction guide rail structure of machine tool

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a lathe guide rail technical field, concretely relates to simple structure, frictional resistance are little, be convenient for maintain, long service life's lathe low friction guide rail structure.

Background

The machine tool guide rail is a part for supporting and guiding a moving member to move along a certain track, and is also called a guide rail pair, and generally comprises a guide rail and a sliding block such as a sliding block or a rolling block. In traditional lathe guide rail, the slider generally directly slides and sets up on the guide rail and the front and back slip, because area of contact between the two is great and wear resistance is poor, coefficient of friction is high for the resistance when the slider moves is great, leads to the translation rate of slider to be slow, and slider and guide rail easy wearing and tearing make its life-span shorter moreover, can obviously shorten the change cycle, have improved the cost of maintenance of lathe greatly. In addition, after the machine tool guide rail is used for a long time, more dust and metal chips can be deposited on the rail surface, and the impurities can not only increase the friction resistance and accelerated wear during sliding, but also influence the stability of the sliding block during moving, thereby influencing the machining precision of the machine tool; at present, the protection problem of the machine tool guide rail is generally solved by manually removing or adding a protective cover, but the manual removal affects the processing efficiency, and the protective cover increases the cost and the volume to cause the structure to be complicated. In addition, when the sliding block slides on the guide rail, in order to avoid dry friction, generally solve through the mode of adding lubricating oil on the guide rail, nevertheless generally scribble the interpolation through the manual work, not only refuel the efficiency lower and scribble and be difficult to guarantee evenly, the guide rail and the slider after refueling are changeed adhesion impurity moreover, if do not have better clearance means will lead to the wearing and tearing of lubricating oil extravagant and impurity aggravation glide plane.

In the prior art, in order to solve the problem of abrasion of a machine tool guide rail, the following methods are adopted: 1. the guide rail steel inlaying is used for improving the hardness and resisting abrasion, but the abrasion resistance of the guide rail steel inlaying is still poor, and the replacement is also complex; 2. wear-resistant copper powder is doped into plastic to form wear-resistant leather or a polytetrafluoroethylene soft belt to be adhered to the sliding surface of the guide rail, and although the wear resistance is good, the wear-resistant copper belt is thin due to the material, so that the service life is short, the adhesion area is large, and the adhesion reliability is low. Therefore, in the prior art, a copper alloy wear-resistant layer is embedded below the sliding block, so that the friction coefficient between the sliding block and the guide rail is small, the wear-resistant performance is high, and the embedded structure causes difficulty in replacement or adjustment after the sliding block is worn. In addition, there is a structure in which rollers are provided on a slider, and a form in which the rollers are substituted for or combined with a sliding surface is attempted to reduce the sliding surface, thereby reducing frictional resistance to improve service life, but the roller structure is complicated in connection and difficult to adjust, resulting in a machine tool guide rail that is bulky, and the roller has a small contact area with a rail surface, so that the machine tool guide rail has low bearing capacity and weak rigidity, and is generally only suitable for a light-load machine tool. And to guide rail impurity and oil leak problem, even have the structure that sets up except that miscellaneous board or sponge layer at the slider terminal surface yet, there is the clearance between the miscellaneous board of rigid edulcoration inevitable and the track face, leads to tiny impurity to be difficult to clear away and the oil leak problem is difficult to solve, and the sponge layer can solve above-mentioned problem basically, but the wearability on sponge layer is relatively poor, and the hole structure is difficult to effectual oil leak of stopping yet.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To the deficiency among the prior art, the utility model provides a simple structure, frictional resistance are little, be convenient for maintain, long service life's lathe low friction guide rail structure.

The utility model discloses a realize like this: the device comprises a guide rail and a slide block, wherein the slide block is arranged on the guide rail; the fixed low resistance wearing layer that is provided with the track face sliding fit of guide rail of lower part detachable of slider, both ends are detachable respectively around the slider and are provided with the end cover, be provided with the rubber seal plate between end cover and the slider, the lower part of rubber seal plate is provided with the seal lip that extends to the track face of guide rail and sliding contact, be provided with the oil storage chamber in the slider, the slider still is provided with one end and oil storage chamber intercommunication and the other end extends to the oil guide hole of low resistance wearing layer.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the utility model has the advantages that the slide block is provided with the detachable low-resistance wear-resistant layer, so that the wear-resistant coefficient is low, the wear-resistant performance is good, and the detachable connecting structure is convenient for the adjustment of the low-resistance wear-resistant layer and the replacement after the wear; the sliding block is internally provided with the oil storage cavity and the oil guide hole, so that continuous lubrication can be formed on the sliding surface, the friction resistance during sliding is reduced, and the abrasion of the sliding block and the guide rail is reduced, so that the service life is prolonged.

2. The utility model discloses a set up detachable end cover and rubber seal plate at the both ends of slider, the detachable structure is convenient for the change after the rubber seal plate wearing and tearing, and the rubber seal plate passes through the seal lip of lower part and the track face sliding contact of guide rail, can clear away the dust on the track face, impurity such as smear metal, avoid impurity to get into the glide plane and increase frictional resistance and wearing and tearing with higher speed, also can avoid impurity to remove the harmful effects of stationarity to the slider, and the structure wearability of rubber seal lip is better, can also effectively avoid the leakage of lubricating oil, thereby further prolong the life of lathe guide rail and reduce the quantity of lubricating oil.

3. The utility model discloses set up the track face sliding contact and/or clearance fit's linoleum of lower extreme and guide rail in the outside and/or inboard of rubber seal board, the linoleum in the outside can avoid the seal lip of large granule impurity fish tail rubber material on the track face, and inboard linoleum still has evenly applies paint lubricating oil with a brush and avoids the effect that impurity got into the glide plane to the raceway surface, has also further improved the life of guide rail.

4. The utility model is detachably connected with the L-shaped pressing plate at the lower ends of the inner side or two sides of the sliding block, and the pressing plate can form stable support for the sliding block, so that the sliding blocks at the left side and the right side of the machine tool form stable sliding on the guide rail, thereby improving the stability of the guide rail and effectively improving the moving precision and the reliability of the guide rail of the machine tool; moreover, the felt on the press plate at the side part of the sliding block can also avoid the leakage of the lubricating oil in the sliding surface from the side part, thereby improving the using amount of the lubricating oil.

To sum up, the utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, frictional resistance are little, be convenient for maintain, long service life.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is one of the longitudinal cross-sectional views of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a second longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3;

in the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-a guide rail, 2-a sliding block, 3-a low-resistance wear-resistant layer, 4-an end cover, 5-a rubber sealing plate, 6-a sealing lip, 7-an oil storage cavity, 8-an oil guide hole, 9-a felt, 10-a pressing plate and 11-a screw.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention comprises a guide rail 1 and a slider 2, wherein the slider 2 is arranged on the guide rail 1; the fixed low resistance wearing layer 3 that is provided with the track face sliding fit of guide rail 1 of lower part detachable of slider 2, both ends are detachable respectively around slider 2 and are provided with end cover 4, be provided with rubber seal plate 5 between end cover 4 and the slider 2, the lower part of rubber seal plate 5 is provided with the seal lip 6 that extends to the track face of guide rail 1 and sliding contact, be provided with oil storage chamber 7 in the slider 2, slider 2 still is provided with one end and oil storage chamber 7 intercommunication and the other end extends to the oil guide hole 8 of low resistance wearing layer 3.

A gap is formed between the lower end of the end cover 4 and the track surface of the guide rail 1; the sealing lip 6 is a single lip which inclines from one side of the sliding block 2 to one side of the end cover 4 from top to bottom or a herringbone double lip of which the bottom inclines to two sides of the length direction of the track surface of the guide rail 1.

The low-resistance wear-resistant layer 3 is fixedly connected with the sliding block 2 through a screw, and the end cover 4 is fixedly connected with the end face of the sliding block 2 through a screw.

The interference between the lip on one side of the slide block 2 and the track surface of the guide rail 1 in the herringbone double lips is smaller than that on the other side.

The rubber sealing plate 5 comprises a rigid framework arranged on the upper portion and a rubber layer wrapping the rigid framework or arranged on one side of the rigid framework, and the sealing lip 6 is arranged below the rigid framework and integrally connected with the rubber layer.

And the outer side and/or the inner side of the rubber sealing plate 5 is/are provided with a felt 9 the lower end of which is in sliding contact with and/or in clearance fit with the track surface of the guide rail 1.

The outer side of the rubber sealing plate 5 faces one side of the sliding block 2, the lower end of the outer felt 9 is in clearance fit with the track surface of the guide rail 1, or the lower ends of the outer felt 9 and the inner felt 9 of the rubber sealing plate 5 are in sliding contact with the track surface of the guide rail 1 respectively.

The inner side or two sides of the sliding block 2 facing to the other guide rail 1 are detachably connected with an L-shaped pressing plate 10 extending downwards, and the pressing plate 10 and a clamping groove formed by the sliding block 2 are slidably clamped on the guide rail 1.

And the inner side of the pressing plate 10 facing the slider 2 is fixedly provided with a low-resistance wear-resistant layer 3 and/or a felt 9 which are in sliding fit with the clamping surface of the guide rail 1.

The lower part of the end cover 4 extends to the front of the end surface of a pressing plate 10 at the side part of the guide rail 1, and a felt 9 is arranged between the end cover 4 and the pressing plate 10.

The oil storage cavity 7 is a counter bore which extends inwards from one side of the sliding block 2, and a plug is arranged at the opening of the counter bore.

The low-resistance wear-resistant layer 3 is a copper alloy layer, a nylon layer, a glass fiber reinforced nylon layer or a glass fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone layer, a plurality of criss-cross oil guide grooves are formed in the surface of the copper alloy layer, and the low-resistance wear-resistant layer 3 is provided with through holes communicated with the oil guide holes 8.

The utility model discloses theory of operation and working process:

as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, before the lathe starts, at first through the oiling hole to the oil storage chamber 7 filling lubricating oil in the slider 2, then detect the utility model discloses a whether stability and seal lip 6 when integrality and removal have the damage, confirm each item qualified back, start the lathe and carry out work. When the machine tool guide rail works, the transmission mechanism drives the sliding block 2 to move along the guide rail 1, the felt 9 in front of the sliding block 2 in the moving direction removes large-size impurities on a rail surface, the sealing lip 6 at the lower part of the rubber sealing plate 5 is attached to the rail surface in a sliding manner, small-size impurities reserved on the rail surface are further removed, and then the felt 9 enables the oil guide hole 8 to flow down and lubricating oil stored in the oil guide hole to be uniformly coated on the rail surface, so that the sliding surface is fully lubricated; the felt 9 on the inner rear side in the moving direction absorbs a large amount of lubricant, and the seal lip 6 on the rear side is slidably attached to the raceway surface to prevent leakage of the lubricant. The press plate 10 at the lower part of the side of the sliding block 2, the low-resistance wear-resistant layer 3 and the felt 9 between the press plate 10 and the sliding block 2 can stably support the sliding block 2 through the press plate 10, so that the sliding block 2 can keep stable when sliding, the low-resistance wear-resistant layer 3 can also reduce the frictional resistance between the press plate 10 and the guide rail 1, and the felt 9 can also prevent lubricating oil in the sliding surface from leaking from the side part, so that the using amount of the lubricating oil can be increased. Because both ends of the slider are provided with the end covers 4 and the sealing structures, the internal working process is the same when the slider moves in the reverse direction.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A low-friction guide rail structure of a machine tool comprises a guide rail (1) and a sliding block (2), wherein the sliding block (2) is arranged on the guide rail (1); the sliding block is characterized in that a low-resistance wear-resistant layer (3) which is in sliding fit with a track surface of a guide rail (1) is fixedly arranged on the lower portion of the sliding block (2) in a detachable mode, end covers (4) are detachably arranged at the front end and the rear end of the sliding block (2) respectively, a rubber sealing plate (5) is arranged between each end cover (4) and the sliding block (2), a sealing lip (6) which extends to the track surface of the guide rail (1) and is in sliding contact with the lower portion of the rubber sealing plate (5) is arranged, an oil storage cavity (7) is arranged in the sliding block (2), and an oil guide hole (8) is further formed in the sliding block (2), one end of which is communicated with the oil storage cavity (7), and the other end of which extends to the low-resistance wear-resistant layer (3).

2. The low-friction guide rail structure of the machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a gap is arranged between the lower end of the end cover (4) and the track surface of the guide rail (1); the sealing lip (6) is a single lip which inclines from one side of the sliding block (2) to one side of the end cover (4) from top to bottom or is a herringbone double lip of which the bottom inclines to two sides of the length direction of the track surface of the guide rail (1).

3. The low-friction guide rail structure of the machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the interference between the lip of one side of the herringbone double-lip sliding block (2) and the track surface of the guide rail (1) is smaller than that of the other side.

4. The low-friction guide rail structure of a machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer side and/or the inner side of the rubber sealing plate (5) is provided with a felt (9) with the lower end in sliding contact and/or clearance fit with the track surface of the guide rail (1).

5. The low-friction guide rail structure of the machine tool according to claim 4, wherein the outer side of the rubber sealing plate (5) is the side facing the slide block (2), and the lower end of the outer felt (9) is in clearance fit with the track surface of the guide rail (1), or the lower ends of the outer felt (9) and the inner felt (5) of the rubber sealing plate are respectively in sliding contact with the track surface of the guide rail (1).

6. A low-friction guide rail structure of a machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inner side or two sides of the slide block (2) facing the other guide rail (1) is detachably connected with a downward extending L-shaped pressure plate (10), and the pressure plate (10) and a clamping groove formed by the slide block (2) are slidably clamped on the guide rail (1).

7. The low-friction guide rail structure of the machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that the inner side of the pressure plate (10) facing the slide block (2) is fixedly provided with a low-resistance wear-resistant layer (3) and/or a felt (9) which are in sliding fit with the clamping surface of the guide rail (1).

8. The low-friction guide rail structure of the machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the lower part of the end cover (4) extends to the front of the end surface of a pressure plate (10) at the side part of the guide rail (1), and a felt (9) is arranged between the end cover (4) and the pressure plate 10.

9. The machine tool low-friction guide rail structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the low-resistance wear-resistant layer (3) is a copper alloy layer, a nylon layer, a glass fiber reinforced nylon layer or a glass fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone layer, the surface of the copper alloy layer is provided with a plurality of criss-cross oil guide grooves, and the low-resistance wear-resistant layer (3) is provided with through holes communicated with the oil guide holes (8).