CN217539470U

CN217539470U - Damping vibration attenuation device for machine tool spindle

Info

Publication number: CN217539470U
Application number: CN202222239556.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘坤明; 余颖; 张颖; 高敏; 曲永冬; 李广沈; 卢亦俊; 邵静; 张军军
Original assignee: China National Machinery Institute Group Yunnan Branch Co ltd
Current assignee: China National Machinery Institute Group Yunnan Branch Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-25
Filing date: 2022-08-25
Publication date: 2022-10-04
Anticipated expiration: 2032-08-25

Abstract

The utility model discloses a damping vibration damper for a machine tool spindle, wherein a front support bearing and a rear support bearing are respectively fixed in step holes at two ends of a spindle hole, the outer side end faces of an outer ring are respectively butted with a bearing cover I and a bearing cover II which are fixedly connected on the end face of a box body, and inner ring inner holes of the front support bearing and the rear support bearing are respectively in interference fit or clearance fit with the outer diameters of the nearly two ends of the spindle; the main shaft is internally provided with a damping cavity extending along the axial direction, a mass body is arranged in the damping cavity, the mass body and the end surface of the damping cavity are respectively propped against the elastic parts, two ends of the mass body are respectively fixedly connected with the two elastic parts, and a gap is reserved between the circumferential surface of the mass body and the inner wall of the damping cavity. The utility model discloses establish the damping chamber in the main shaft to form axial and radial unsettled with elastomer support mass body in the damping chamber, make the mass body main shaft vibration action axial and radial reverse displacement relatively under the damping action of elastomer, thereby play the effect of damping vibration to the multiple resonance of main shaft, have compact structure, reliable and stable, the characteristics that the damping effect is showing.

Description

Damping vibration damper for machine tool spindle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a lathe damping technical field, concretely relates to lathe main shaft damping vibration damper that compact structure, reliable and stable, damping effect are showing.

Background

The machine tool spindle is a spindle on a machine tool for driving a workpiece or a tool to rotate so as to transmit motion and torque. The main shaft component is generally composed of a main shaft, a bearing, a transmission member (gear or pulley), and the like. Because the main shaft of the machine tool, the supporting bearing and the transmission part thereof have inevitable geometrical defects in the manufacturing process and the driven workpiece or the tool has asymmetry, the main shaft can generate unexpected vibration when rotating, and the vibration is increased along with the increase of the rotating speed, thereby not only causing interference noise, but also possibly causing the accelerated abrasion of the supporting part and the reduction of the processing quality.

In the prior art, the suppression and elimination of the vibration of the main shaft of the machine tool can be divided into two main types, namely a vibration control method and a cutting parameter adjusting control method. The method for controlling the cutting parameters is to adjust the cutting parameters of a workpiece or a cutter driven by a main shaft to vibrate the main shaft, and although the requirement of vibration reduction can be met to a certain extent, the method is difficult to meet the requirement on special occasions such as high speed, high precision and the like. The vibration control method mainly adopts damping vibration attenuation, changes the use of novel materials and other passive vibration attenuation, and also adopts active vibration attenuation and semi-active vibration attenuation partially. At present, the active vibration reduction mode and the semi-active vibration reduction mode have less practical use due to the complex vibration reduction structure and the complex operation. The damping vibration attenuation is that an elastic vibration attenuation mechanism is arranged on a main shaft support or directly arranged on the excircle of a main shaft to drive a mass body, and the vibration of the main shaft or the main shaft support is reduced through the mass body, so that although a certain vibration attenuation effect is achieved, a damping vibration attenuation device is arranged outside the main shaft, so that a certain space in the main shaft box is occupied, and the structure in the main shaft box is easily complicated; the damping vibration attenuation device acting on the main shaft support piece enables the main shaft support piece and the box body to be in non-fixed connection, so that the main shaft support piece is difficult to accurately position, and after long-term use, the elastic supporting force is unbalanced, so that the positioning precision of the main shaft is reduced, and the service life and the processing quality of the main shaft are influenced; and the damping vibration attenuation device directly acting on the main shaft is contacted with the main shaft, so that the temperature rise of the main shaft is easily aggravated to reduce the thermal stability of the main shaft, and the processing precision is difficult to ensure. Therefore, a damping oil cavity surrounding the main shaft is arranged in the main shaft box, the vibration of the main shaft is resisted through viscous damping liquid, the structure is simpler than that of a mechanical damping vibration damping device, but the device needs to be sealed, so that the defects of difficult sealing, easy leakage, obvious stirring temperature rise and the like are caused, and the application limitation is large. Further, although the vibration damping device has a vibration damping effect only on one resonance frequency having the same vibration characteristics, the vibration damping device cannot effectively exhibit a vibration damping function when a plurality of types of vibrations having different resonance frequencies are generated simultaneously or sporadically, the vibration damping device is configured such that a tuning mass member elastically supported by a rigid member is provided at the rear end of the spindle to damp vibrations generated at the front end of the tool spindle.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Not enough to prior art, the utility model provides a compact structure, reliable and stable, damping effect are showing's lathe main shaft damping vibration damper.

The utility model discloses a realize like this: the main shaft penetrates through a main shaft hole formed in the box body, the front support bearing and the rear support bearing are respectively and fixedly arranged in step holes at two ends of the main shaft hole, the outer side end face of an outer ring is respectively abutted against a bearing cover I and a bearing cover II which are fixedly connected on the end face of the box body, and inner ring inner holes of the front support bearing and the rear support bearing are respectively in interference fit or clearance fit with the outer diameters of the main shaft close to the two ends; the spindle is internally provided with a damping cavity extending along the axial direction, a mass body is arranged in the damping cavity, elastic pieces are respectively pressed between the end surface of the mass body and the end surface of the damping cavity, two ends of the mass body are respectively fixedly connected with the two elastic pieces, and a gap is formed between the peripheral surface of the mass body and the inner wall of the damping cavity.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the utility model discloses a set up the damping chamber in the main shaft to form axial and radial unsettled with the elastomer support quality body in the damping chamber, make the quality body main shaft vibration action axial and radial reverse displacement relatively under the damping action of elastomer, thereby the elastomer that makes both ends takes place to deform in order to consume the vibration energy, play buffering, damping effect to the vibration of main shaft, especially solved the main shaft because the too big problem of instantaneous amplitude that the cutting impact leads to, effectively improved the rotational stability of main shaft.

2. The utility model discloses a vibration damper sets up inside the main shaft, not only does not occupy the headstock inner space, does not influence the main shaft moreover and adopts current reliable bearing structure to guarantee the positioning accuracy and the life of main shaft, and do not have interactive contact such as looks mutual friction between vibration damper and the main shaft, consequently also do not cause the main shaft to heat up easily and influence its thermal stability.

3. The utility model discloses a support at the both ends of the quality body and press the elastomer for the vibration of the quality body is simple than current cantilever type structure, but also can produce sufficient damping value in order to restrain the forced oscillation, and the less amplitude of the quality body can reduce the damping chamber simultaneously and occupy the space of main shaft, thereby can improve the quiet rigidity of main shaft in order to weaken its self-excited vibration, reaches the purpose that restraines main shaft forced oscillation and self-excited vibration simultaneously, consequently the utility model discloses a damping effect is comparatively showing.

4. The utility model discloses further through the main shaft tip in nearly damping chamber sets up the regulation screw and cooperates adjusting screw, accessible adjusting screw adjusts the compression degree of elastomer and the axial position of the quality body to adjust the rigidity and the resonant frequency of the damping unit that the quality body and elastomer constitute, solved the problem of the unable damping of effective performance when multiple vibration that current main shaft rear end set up the vibration damper existence of harmonious quality part simultaneously or take place sporadically. Especially, a conical gap is formed between one end of the mass body and the damping cavity, damping liquid is filled between the conical gap and the damping cavity, the size of the gap can be adjusted through the adjusting screw, and as friction generated by the damping liquid changes in proportion to the clear width of the gap, damping characteristics can be rapidly adjusted by adjusting the size of the gap, so that the damping matching requirements of different vibration frequencies can be conveniently met.

To sum up, the utility model has the characteristics of compact structure, reliable and stable, the damping effect is showing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a second schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 3;

in the figure: the damping device comprises a box body 1, a main shaft 2, a front supporting bearing 3, a rear supporting bearing 4, a bearing cover I5, a bearing cover II 6, a damping cavity 7, a mass body 8, an elastic part 9, an adjusting block 10, an adjusting screw 11, a sealing ring 12, an elastic block 13, a guide sleeve 14 and a blind guide hole 15.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the utility model comprises a box body 1, a main shaft 2, a front support bearing 3 and a rear support bearing 4, wherein the main shaft 2 penetrates through a main shaft hole arranged on the box body 1, the front support bearing 3 and the rear support bearing 4 are respectively and fixedly arranged in step holes at two ends of the main shaft hole, the outer side end face of an outer ring is respectively abutted against a bearing cover i 5 and a bearing cover ii 6 which are fixedly connected on the end face of the box body 1, and inner ring inner holes of the front support bearing 3 and the rear support bearing 4 are respectively in interference fit or clearance fit with the outer diameter at two near ends of the main shaft 2; the spindle 2 is internally provided with a damping cavity 7 extending along the axial direction, the damping cavity 7 is internally provided with a mass body 8, elastic parts 9 are respectively pressed between the end surface of the mass body 8 and the end surface of the damping cavity 7, two ends of the mass body 8 are respectively fixedly connected with the two elastic parts 9, and a gap is formed between the peripheral surface of the mass body and the inner wall of the damping cavity 7.

The damping cavity 7 is coaxial with the main shaft 2 and is arranged at the position, close to the front end and/or the rear end, of the main shaft 2, and the mass body 8 is a high-density rod-shaped body. The damping cavity 7 is close to the front end of the spindle 2 with the maximum amplitude, the feedback of the damping unit formed by the mass body 8 and the elastic part 9 to the vibration of the spindle 2 can be enhanced, the damping effect is improved by arranging the damping cavity 7 in the middle and the rear end of the spindle 2 under the condition that the damping unit is certain, and the damping unit can be reduced by arranging the damping cavity 7 in the middle and the rear end of the spindle 2 under the condition that the damping effect is certain, so that the static rigidity of the spindle 2 can be improved, and the improvement of the damping effect is further promoted.

The two ends of the mass body 8 are respectively inserted into the inner holes of the elastic pieces 9 on the corresponding sides in an interference fit manner, or the two ends of the mass body 8 are respectively provided with a boss which is inserted into the inner holes of the elastic pieces 9 in an interference fit manner.

The end face of the main shaft 2 is provided with an adjusting screw hole communicated with the damping cavity 7, a slidable adjusting block 10 is arranged between the end face close to the adjusting screw hole in the damping cavity 7 and the elastic part 9, and an adjusting screw 11 with the end face abutting against and pressing on the adjusting block 10 is arranged on the adjusting screw hole.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the inner wall of the end of the damping cavity 7 far from the adjusting screw hole is provided with a conical hole, one end of the mass body 8 is provided with a conical surface corresponding to the conical hole of the damping cavity 7, a gap is formed between the conical surface of the mass body 8 and the conical hole of the damping cavity 7, and the damping cavity 7 is completely sealed relative to the surrounding environment and filled with viscous damping liquid.

And a sealing ring 12 in sliding contact with the inner wall of the damping cavity 7 is fixedly arranged on the outer diameter of the adjusting block 10.

The elastic members 9 at both ends of the mass body 8 have the same or different elastic modulus.

An elastic block 13 is further arranged between the end face close to the adjusting screw hole in the damping cavity 7 and the slidable adjusting block 10, and the end face of the screw rod of the adjusting screw 11 is pressed against the elastic block 13. The elastic block 13 can prevent the adjusting block 10 from being in hard-to-hard direct contact with the adjusting screw 11, so that the movement of the elastic part 9 in the axial direction during adjustment can be buffered, and the vibration reduction effect is further improved.

The main shaft 2 near end face side is provided with the guiding hole communicated with the damping cavity 7, a guiding sleeve 14 with the inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the damping cavity 7 is fixedly arranged in the guiding hole, the adjusting screw hole is coaxially arranged on the guiding sleeve 14, and the adjusting block 10 and the elastic part 9 at one end of the mass body 8 are slidably arranged in the guiding sleeve 14.

One end of the damping cavity 7, which is far away from the guide sleeve 14, is further provided with a blind guide hole 15, and the elastic part 9 at the other end of the mass body 8 is slidably arranged in the blind guide hole 15.

The mass body 8 is a cylindrical rod or a polygonal rod made of copper alloy and tungsten alloy, and the damping cavity 7 is a cylindrical cavity, a polygonal cavity or a rectangular cavity; the elastic member 9 is one of a belleville spring, a compression spring, a rubber spring and an air spring.

The utility model discloses theory of operation and working process:

as shown in fig. 3 to 4, after the spindle 2 of the machine tool is started, the vibration acceleration of the spindle 2 is measured, then the rotation of the spindle 2 is stopped, the adjusting screw 11 is adjusted according to the measured value of the vibration acceleration, the rigidity and the resonance frequency of the damping unit in the spindle 2 are changed, then the spindle 2 is started again, and the above process is repeated until the measured value of the vibration acceleration of the spindle is smaller than the preset value, and the vibration adjustment of the spindle 2 is completed. When the main shaft 2 works, the mass body 8 in the damping cavity 7 generates reverse axial and/or radial displacement due to self-excited vibration of the main shaft 2 and forced vibration during cutting, and the elastic bodies 9 at two ends are deformed by the displacement of the mass body 8 to consume vibration energy, so that the vibration reduction effect of buffering the vibration of the main shaft 2 is achieved.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A damping vibration attenuation device for a machine tool spindle comprises a box body (1), a spindle (2), a front support bearing (3) and a rear support bearing (4), wherein the spindle (2) penetrates through a spindle hole formed in the box body (1), the front support bearing (3) and the rear support bearing (4) are fixedly arranged in step holes at two ends of the spindle hole respectively, the outer side end faces of outer rings are abutted to a bearing cover I (5) and a bearing cover II (6) fixedly connected to the end face of the box body (1) respectively, and inner ring inner holes of the front support bearing (3) and the rear support bearing (4) are in interference fit or clearance fit with the outer diameters of the positions, close to two ends, of the spindle (2) respectively; the damping device is characterized in that a damping cavity (7) extending along the axial direction is arranged in the main shaft (2), a mass body (8) is arranged in the damping cavity (7), elastic parts (9) are respectively abutted between the end face of the mass body (8) and the end face of the damping cavity (7), two ends of the mass body (8) are respectively fixedly connected with the two elastic parts (9), and gaps are reserved between the circumferential surface of the mass body and the inner wall of the damping cavity (7).

2. The damping vibration-damping device for the main shaft of the machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the damping cavity (7) is coaxial with the main shaft (2) and is arranged near the front end and/or the rear end of the main shaft (2), and the mass body (8) is a high-density rod-shaped body.

3. The damping vibration-damping device for the main shaft of the machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the two ends of the mass body (8) are respectively inserted into the inner holes of the elastic members (9) on the corresponding sides in an interference fit manner, or the two ends of the mass body (8) are respectively provided with bosses which are inserted into the inner holes of the elastic members (9) in an interference fit manner.

4. The damping vibration-damping device for the main shaft of the machine tool according to claim 2 is characterized in that an adjusting screw hole communicated with the damping cavity (7) is formed in the end face of the main shaft (2), a slidable adjusting block (10) is arranged between the end face, close to the adjusting screw hole, of the damping cavity (7) and the elastic piece (9), and an adjusting screw (11) with the end face abutting against the adjusting block (10) is arranged on the adjusting screw hole.

5. A damping vibration-damping device for a machine tool spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner wall of the end of the damping cavity (7) far away from the adjusting screw hole is provided with a conical hole, one end of the mass body (8) is provided with a conical surface corresponding to the conical hole of the damping cavity (7), a gap is formed between the conical surface of the mass body (8) and the conical hole of the damping cavity (7), and the damping cavity (7) is completely sealed from the surrounding environment and is filled with viscous damping liquid.

6. The damping vibration-damping device for the main shaft of the machine tool according to claim 5 is characterized in that a sealing ring (12) which is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the damping cavity (7) is fixedly arranged on the outer diameter of the adjusting block (10).

7. The damping vibration-damping device for the spindle of the machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the elastic members (9) at both ends of the mass body (8) have the same or different elastic modulus.

8. A damping vibration-damping device for a machine tool spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that an elastic block (13) is further arranged between the end surface of the damping cavity (7) near the adjusting screw hole and the slidable adjusting block (10), and the end surface of the adjusting screw (11) abuts against the elastic block (13).

9. The damping vibration-damping device for the main shaft of the machine tool according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that a guide hole communicated with the damping cavity (7) is arranged on the side of the near end face of the main shaft (2), a guide sleeve (14) with the inner diameter smaller than the diameter of the damping cavity (7) is fixedly arranged in the guide hole, the adjusting screw hole is coaxially arranged on the guide sleeve (14), and the adjusting block (10) and the elastic part (9) at one end of the mass body (8) are slidably arranged in the guide sleeve (14).

10. The damping vibration-damping device for the main shaft of the machine tool according to claim 9 is characterized in that one end of the damping cavity (7) far away from the guide sleeve (14) is further provided with a guide blind hole, and the elastic piece (9) at the other end of the mass body (8) is slidably arranged in the guide blind hole.