CN217506273U - Optical module and near-to-eye display device - Google Patents
Optical module and near-to-eye display device Download PDFInfo
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- CN217506273U CN217506273U CN202022505815.9U CN202022505815U CN217506273U CN 217506273 U CN217506273 U CN 217506273U CN 202022505815 U CN202022505815 U CN 202022505815U CN 217506273 U CN217506273 U CN 217506273U
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
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Abstract
The utility model provides an optical module, include: a first phase delay unit configured to modulate a light beam incident thereon into circular polarized light or elliptical polarized light; the semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting layer is positioned at the downstream of the optical path of the first phase delay unit and receives the circular polarization light or the elliptical polarization light; the second phase delay unit is positioned at the downstream of the optical path of the semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting layer; and the polarization beam splitter is arranged at the downstream of the optical path of the second phase delay unit and is provided with a light transmission shaft, and the optical module further comprises a first phase compensation unit positioned at the upstream of the optical path of the first phase delay unit. Through the utility model discloses optical module can reduce the emergence of light leak in the folding light path, and especially some preferred embodiments can reduce or eliminate the light leak in the folding light path at wide-angle within range, help improving user's impression effect.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of optics, especially, relate to an optical module and near-to-eye display device.
Background
In virtual display (VR), augmented display (AR), and other hybrid display technologies, an optical module is required to present an image to a user. The general volume of current optical module is great, and thickness often is more than 30mm, and along with the progress of science and technology, the user more and more pays more attention to the volume and the weight of product, consequently, needs research and development a product small, light in weight in order to satisfy the demand in market. Among the most limited factors are the optical modules. To solve the above mentioned problems of bulk and weight, many companies have introduced VR or AR solutions based on the pancake solution, i.e. optical modules based on folded optical paths.
The optical module of the folded optical path mainly comprises a lens with a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting function, an 1/4 phase retarder and a reflective polarizer which are sequentially arranged. After an image source enters the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens, light rays are reflected back for many times among the lens, the phase delay plate and the reflective polarizing plate and finally emitted out of the reflective polarizing plate. Through the optical scheme, the product volume is greatly reduced.
However, in the current pancake scheme, the light incident on the eyes of the user has some undesired light besides the light desired by the user, which affects the user experience. Especially, when the incident angle of the light is large, the incident light is not necessarily completely reflected when it passes through the reflective polarizer for the first time, but a large proportion of light leakage occurs, a part of the light still enters the eyes of the user through the reflective polarizer, and the intensity of the light leakage may reach 38% of the intensity of the signal light along the optical axis, thereby affecting the viewing experience of the user.
The statements in the background section are merely prior art to the public and do not, of course, represent prior art in this field.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of at least one problem of the prior art, the present invention provides an optical module, comprising:
a first phase delay unit configured to modulate a light beam incident thereon into circular polarized light or elliptical polarized light;
the semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting layer is positioned at the downstream of the optical path of the first phase delay unit and receives the circular polarization light or the elliptical polarization light;
the second phase delay unit is positioned on the downstream of the optical path of the semi-transparent semi-reflecting layer; and
a polarization beam splitter disposed in the optical path downstream of the second phase delay unit, the polarization beam splitter having a pass axis,
the optical module further comprises a first phase compensation unit positioned on the optical path upstream of the first phase delay unit.
According to the utility model discloses an aspect, optical module, still including being located the polaroid of the light path upper reaches of first phase compensation unit, the polaroid receives incident beam to modulate it into the line polarisation, first phase compensation unit receives the line polarisation to make it exit to after the modulation first phase delay unit.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the optical axis of the first phase compensation unit is located in a plane orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizer or a plane orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizer.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the first phase retardation unit is configured to generate a phase retardation of n × pi +3/4pi or a phase retardation of n × pi +1/4pi for a polarization component of linearly polarized light incident thereon in the optical axis direction; the second phase delay unit is configured to generate a phase delay of n × pi +3/4pi or a phase delay of n × pi +1/4pi for a polarization component of the linearly polarized light incident thereon in the optical axis direction, where n is an integer.
According to the utility model discloses an aspect, quilt the light beam transmission that the polarization beam splitter reflects passes through the unit is prolonged to the second phase, quilt half-transmitting half-reflection layer part reflection, the retransmission passes through second phase delay unit arrives the polarization direction of the light beam of turning back of polarization beam splitter with the light transmission axis of polarization beam splitter is parallel.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the first phase delay unit and the second phase delay unit are both positive phase delay units or both negative phase delay units, and satisfy the following relationship:
α 1 ＝α 2 either 45 or 135,
α 1 the transmission axis of the polarizer is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the first phase retardation unit by the rotated angle, alpha, viewed against the direction of the optical path 2 The transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the second phase retardation unit by the rotated angle viewed against the optical path direction.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the first phase delay unit and the second phase delay unit are positive phase delay units or negative phase delay units of opposite types, and satisfy the following relationship:
α 1 ＝-α 2 either 45 or 135,
α 1 the light transmission axis of the polarizer is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the first phase retardation unit for viewing against the direction of the light pathAngle of rotation, α 2 The transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the second phase retardation unit by the rotated angle viewed against the optical path direction.
According to an aspect of the invention, the first phase compensation unit is configured such that: and modulating the linear polarization light incident on the polarizer along various directions according to the polarization state distribution of the linear polarization light, so that the polarization state of the light beam of each incident angle incident on the polarization beam splitter for the first time meets the condition of being reflected by the polarization beam splitter.
According to an aspect of the utility model, the optical module is still including being located the second phase delay unit with second phase compensation unit between the polarization beam splitter, the optical axis of second phase compensation unit be located with in the plane of the printing opacity axle quadrature of polarization beam splitter, or with in the plane of the reflection of light axle quadrature of polarization beam splitter.
According to an aspect of the invention, the second phase compensation unit is configured such that: and modulating the light beams at the incident angles, which are initially incident on the second phase compensation unit, according to the polarization state distribution of the light beams at the incident angles, so that the polarization states of the light beams at the incident angles, which are initially incident on the second phase compensation unit, after the light beams at the incident angles transmit through the second phase compensation unit meet the condition of being reflected by the polarization splitting sheet.
According to an aspect of the utility model, the optical module still includes lens, lens with half the adjacent setting in half transparent and half reflective layer.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer is attached to the surface of the lens.
The utility model also provides a near-to-eye display device, include:
a display screen; and
the optical module is arranged on the downstream of the optical path of the display screen.
The utility model also provides a light projection method, include:
s101: receiving linearly polarized light through a first phase compensation unit, modulating and then emitting the linearly polarized light;
s102: receiving a light beam from the first phase compensation unit through a first phase delay unit and modulating it into circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light;
s103: receiving the circularly or elliptically polarized light through a transflective layer and allowing the circularly or elliptically polarized light to be at least partially transmitted;
s104: receiving the transmitted circular polarized light or elliptical polarized light through a second phase delay unit, modulating and then emitting; and
s105: and receiving the light beam from the second phase delay unit through a polarization beam splitter, wherein the polarization beam splitter is arranged on the optical path downstream of the second phase delay unit and is provided with a transmission axis, partial light beams with polarization directions parallel to the transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter are allowed to transmit, and the rest light beams are reflected back to the second phase delay unit.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the light projection method further includes: generating, by a polarizer, linearly polarized light incident on the first phase compensation unit, wherein an optical axis of the first phase compensation unit is located in a plane orthogonal to a transmission axis of the polarizer or a plane orthogonal to a absorption axis of the polarizer, the first phase compensation unit being configured such that: and modulating the linear polarization light incident on the polarizer along various directions according to the polarization state distribution of the linear polarization light, so that the polarization state of the light beam of each incident angle incident on the polarization beam splitter for the first time meets the condition of being reflected by the polarization beam splitter.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the light projection method further includes: modulating a light beam incident on a second phase compensation unit by a second phase compensation unit located between the second phase retardation unit and the polarization beam splitter, wherein an optical axis of the second phase compensation unit is located in a plane orthogonal to a transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter or a plane orthogonal to a reflection axis of the polarization beam splitter, the second phase compensation unit being configured such that: modulating the light beam which is firstly incident on the second phase compensation unit according to the polarization state distribution of the light beam which is firstly incident on the second phase compensation unit, so that the polarization state of the light beam which is firstly incident on the second phase compensation unit after penetrating through the second phase compensation unit meets the condition of being reflected by the polarization beam splitting sheet
According to an aspect of the present invention, the first phase delay unit and the second phase delay unit are both positive phase delay units or both negative phase delay units, and satisfy the following relationship: alpha is alpha 1 ＝α 2 45 ° or 135 °; or the first phase delay unit and the second phase delay unit are positive phase delay units or negative phase delay units with opposite types, and the following relations are satisfied: alpha is alpha 1 ＝-α 2 Either 45 or 135,
wherein alpha is 1 The transmission axis of the polarizer is rotated counterclockwise to the angle, alpha, of the optical axis of the first phase retardation element, viewed against the direction of the light path 2 The transmission axis of the polarization splitter is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the second phase retardation cell by the rotated angle viewed against the optical path direction.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the light projection method further includes: and the light beams reflected by the polarization beam splitter are folded back after passing through the second phase delay unit and the semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting layer, and the folded back light beams are emitted from the polarization beam splitter.
According to an aspect of the invention, the light projection method is implemented by an optical module as described above.
Through the utility model discloses optical module can reduce the emergence of light leak in the folding light path, and especially some preferred embodiments can reduce or eliminate the light leak in the folding light path at wide-angle within range, help improving user's impression effect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an optical module based on folded optical paths;
fig. 2 shows a schematic view of an optical module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic view of an optical module according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D respectively show schematic diagrams of optical parameters of an optical module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a schematic view of an optical module according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6A and 6B respectively show the polarization state change of a light beam incident at a specific angle of the optical module according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6C and 6D respectively show the distribution of the signal light and the stray light intensity of the optical module according to embodiment 1 of the present invention along with different incident angles of the light;
fig. 7 shows a schematic view of an optical module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 8A shows the polarization state of the light beam of the optical module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 8B shows the distribution of the signal light and the stray light intensity of the optical module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention along with different incident angles of the light;
fig. 9 shows a schematic view of an optical module according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 10A shows the polarization state of the light beam of the optical module according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 10B shows the distribution of the signal light and the stray light intensity of the optical module according to embodiment 3 of the present invention along with different incident angles of the light; and
fig. 11 illustrates a light projection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and to simplify the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, either mechanically, electrically, or in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "sheet" or "film" is to be understood in a broad sense, and may be, for example, a stand-alone optical element or a film-coated layer applied to a lens or a transparent substrate.
In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature "on," "above" and "over" the second feature may include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or reference letters in the various examples, which have been repeated for purposes of simplicity and clarity and do not in themselves dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present disclosure provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize applications of other processes and/or use of other materials.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of illustration and explanation, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows an optical module based on a folded optical path, where the right side of the figure is an object side, for example, a display screen is placed, and the left side of the figure is an image side (observation side), i.e., a position where an eyeball of a user is located. As shown in fig. 1, the optical module includes a quarter-wave plate 11, a half-mirror layer 13 (attached to the lens 12 in fig. 1), a quarter-wave plate 14, and a polarization splitting plate 15 in sequence along the optical path (from the object side to the image side). Theoretically, a light beam E1 (linearly polarized light) from the object side passes through the quarter-wave plate 11, the lens 12, the half-mirror layer 13, and the quarter-wave plate 14 in sequence and then is incident on the polarization splitting plate 15, the light beam E3 which is first incident on the polarization splitting plate 15 is linearly polarized light, the polarization direction is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarization splitting plate 15, and therefore theoretically should be reflected by the polarization splitting plate 15, then is transmitted through the quarter-wave plate 14 and then reflected by the half-mirror layer 13, passes through the quarter-wave plate 14 again and is incident on the polarization splitting plate 15 again, at this time, the polarization direction of the polarized light E6 is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarization splitting plate 15, and thus is transmitted through the polarization splitting plate 15, as shown in "signal" in fig. 1. However, in the actual folded light path, the light beam firstly incident on the polarization beam splitter 15, and a part of the light beam will be transmitted through the polarization beam splitter 15, which will generate the "noise" shown in fig. 1, i.e. the light leakage phenomenon. Especially, when the incident angle between the incident light beam and the optical axis OO (horizontal direction in fig. 1) of the optical assembly is large, the light leakage phenomenon is more serious, and the intensity of the light leakage (the intensity of the noise) may reach even 38% of the intensity of the axial signal light, which seriously interferes with the viewing experience of the user.
The inventors of the present application have found that the above problems can be solved by providing one or more phase compensation units in the optical path. And further preferably, can be further improved by combining parameter settings of some elements in the optical module. As described in detail below.
Fig. 2 shows an optical module 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is described in detail below with reference to fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2, the optical module 20 includes a polarizer Pol, a first phase retardation unit QWP1, a semi-transparent layer BS, a second phase retardation unit QWP2, and a polarization beam splitter PBS along the optical path direction (from the object side to the image side, from the right to the left in the figure), and further includes a first phase compensation unit RA located upstream of the first phase retardation unit QWP1 in the optical path, and located between the first phase retardation unit QWP1 and the polarizer Pol in the figure.
Wherein the polarizer Pol is configured to receive the incident light beam and modulate it into a linearly polarized light E1, and the first phase compensation unit RA receives the linearly polarized light E1 and modulates it to be emitted to the first phase retardation unit QWP 1. The first phase retardation unit QWP1 is configured to modulate a light beam incident thereon into circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light. The transflective layer BS is positioned in the optical path downstream of the first phase delay unit QWP1, receives the circularly polarized light or the elliptically polarized light, and enables the circularly polarized light or the elliptically polarized light to be partially transmitted and partially reflected. The second phase delay unit QWP2 is located in the optical path downstream of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer BS, and the polarization beam splitter PBS is arranged in the optical path downstream of the second phase delay unit QWP2 and is provided with a light transmission axis.
The operation of the optical module 20 shown in fig. 2 is as follows. The polarizer Pol receives the incident light beam and emits linear polarization light E1, the linear polarization light E1 passes through the first phase compensation unit RA and then emits linear polarization light E1' with a certain circular polarization component, and then the linear polarization light is modulated into circular polarization light or elliptical polarization light E2 through the first phase delay unit QWP1, and the circular polarization light or elliptical polarization light E2 enters the transflective layer BS. Semi-transparent semi-reflecting layer BS is located first phase delay unit QWP 1's optical path low reaches, and receives circular polarization or ellipsometry E2, allow circular polarization or ellipsometry at least partial transmission, the utility model discloses do not restrict semi-transparent semi-reflecting layer BS's specific transmissivity can be 50% or other proportions. The partially transmitted light beam is modulated into linearly polarized light E3 by the second phase retardation unit QWP2, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light E3 is perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter PBS, and thus is reflected by the polarization beam splitter PBS, and then the folded light beam is transmitted through the second phase retardation unit QWP2 (circularly or elliptically polarized light E4), reflected by the transflective layer BS (circularly or elliptically polarized light E5), passes through the second phase retardation unit QWP2 (linearly polarized light E6), and is incident on the polarization beam splitter PBS again. A polarization beam splitter PBS having a transmission axis T is disposed in the optical path downstream of the second phase retardation unit QWP2 PBS And allowing part of the light beam with the polarization direction parallel to the transmission axis to transmit and reflecting the rest of the light beam back to the second phase delay unit QWP 2. The polarization direction of the polarized light E6 is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter PBS, and therefore can transmit through the polarization beam splitter PBS. That is, the light beam reflected by the polarization beam splitter PBS is transmitted through the second phase delay unit QWP2 and is semi-transmitted by the semi-transparent plateThe semi-reflective layer BS is partially reflected and is transmitted through the second phase delay unit QWP2 again, and the polarization direction of the folded light beam reaching the polarization splitter PBS is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarization splitter PBS.
In the embodiment of fig. 2, by additionally providing the first phase compensation unit RA between the first phase retardation unit QWP1 and the polarizer Pol, the polarization state of the light beam E3 at each incident angle, which is initially incident on the polarization beam splitter PBS, meets or meets as much as possible the condition of being reflected by the polarization beam splitter PBS, the intensity of the leaked light and the stray light is greatly reduced, and the intensity of the stray light can be reduced to 5% of the signal light intensity without substantially affecting the signal light. The dots or arrows above the arrows used to indicate the light beam in fig. 2 represent the corresponding polarization state of the light beam. In the structure of the optical module 20 in fig. 2, the polarizer Pol may not be included, and the light beam incident on the first phase retardation unit QWP1 may be linearly polarized light or linearly polarized light with a certain circular polarization component.
In contrast to the optical structure of fig. 1, the optical module 20 of fig. 2 includes a first phase compensation unit RA between the first phase retardation unit QWP1 and the polarizer Pol. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the optical axis of the first phase compensation unit RA is located at the transmission axis T of the polarizer Pol Pol In an orthogonal plane, or in a plane orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizer Pol. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first phase compensation unit RA is configured such that: the linearly polarized light incident thereon from the polarizer Pol in various directions is modulated according to its polarization state distribution so that the polarization state of the light beam of each incident angle initially incident on the polarization splitting sheet meets the condition of being reflected by the polarization splitting sheet. As can be easily understood by those skilled in the art, in the present invention, the first phase compensation unit RA makes the polarization state of the light beam incident on the polarization beam splitter PBS at each incident angle for the first time meet the condition of being reflected by the polarization beam splitter, and does not necessarily make the polarization state of the light beam incident on the polarization beam splitter at the first time completely meet the condition of being reflected, as long as the larger ratio is madeThe polarization state of the light beam of the example may be matched to the condition for being reflected (compared with the case where no phase compensation unit is provided).
In addition, "orthogonal" or "perpendicular" in the context of the present invention includes the case of 90 degrees to each other, but is not strictly limited thereto, and for example, in the range of 90 ° ± 5 °, may be considered "orthogonal" or "perpendicular".
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first retardation unit QWP1 is configured to cause a polarization component of linearly polarized light incident thereon in the optical axis direction to generate a retardation of n × pi +3/4pi or a retardation of n × pi +1/4 pi; the second phase retardation unit QWP2 is configured to impart a phase retardation of n × pi +3/4pi or a phase retardation of n × pi +1/4pi to a polarization component of linearly polarized light incident thereon in the optical axis direction, where n is an integer. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first phase delay unit QWP1 and the second phase delay unit QWP2 are quarter-wave plates.
Further preferably, in addition to the first phase compensation unit RA disposed upstream of the first phase retardation unit QWP1 in the optical path, a second phase compensation unit RB may be disposed between the second phase retardation unit QWP2 and the polarization splitting plate PBS. Fig. 3 shows an optical module 30 according to such an embodiment. Also shown in fig. 3 is the xyz coordinate system, where vertical page inwards is the positive x-direction, vertical downwards is the positive y-direction, and horizontal left (from object to image side) is the positive z-direction (i.e. the direction along the optical path). The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings.
Preferably, the optical axis of the second phase compensation unit RB is located at the transmission axis T of the polarization beam splitter PBS PBS In an orthogonal plane, or in a plane orthogonal to the reflection axis of the polarization splitting plate PBS.
The second phase compensation unit RB is configured such that: and modulating the light beams at the incident angles, which are initially incident on the second phase compensation unit RB, according to the polarization state distribution of the light beams at the incident angles, which are initially incident on the second phase compensation unit RB, so that the polarization states of the light beams at the incident angles, which are initially incident on the second phase compensation unit RB after the light beams transmit through the second phase compensation unit RB, meet the condition of being reflected by the polarization splitting sheet. Therefore, in the embodiment of fig. 3, the first phase compensation unit RA and the second phase compensation unit RB jointly compensate the phase of the light beam, wherein the first phase compensation unit RA is configured to modulate the polarized light from the polarizer Pol according to the polarization state distribution of the linearly polarized light incident thereon in each direction, and the second phase compensation unit RB is configured to modulate the polarized light from each incident angle on the second phase compensation unit RB for the first time, so that the polarization state of the light beam incident on the polarization beam splitter PBS for the first time meets the condition of being reflected by the polarization beam splitter PBS.
In the embodiment of fig. 2 and 3, the optical modules 20 and 30 both include the polarizer Pol, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the optical modules 20 and 30 may not include the polarizer Pol, which may be integrated with a light source (e.g., a screen) upstream of the optical path, for example, and these are within the scope of the present invention.
As will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the phase compensation amounts of the first phase compensation unit RA and the second phase compensation unit RB are not limited to specific values, as long as they can contribute to an increase in the ratio of the light beam reflected when the light beam is first incident on the polarization splitting plate PBS. In addition, first phase compensation unit RA and second phase compensation unit can constitute by single phase compensation piece, also can include a plurality of phase compensation pieces, the utility model discloses do not limit its specific quantity. In the specific optical path design, after the wavelength, the polarizer Pol, the first phase retardation unit QWP1, the second phase retardation unit QWP2, the optical parameters of the PBS, and the device orientation parameters are given, the first phase compensation unit RA and the second phase compensation unit RB may be designed, as long as the ratio of the light beam reflected when the light beam is first incident on the polarizer PBS can be increased compared to when the first phase compensation unit RA and the second phase compensation unit RB are not added. The specific calculation method is not described herein.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, the optical module still includes lens, lens with half the adjacent setting of half anti-layer BS, half anti-layer BS for example can be attached on the surface of lens.
Further preferably, by setting the type of the first phase delay unit and the optical axis angle relationship, light leakage can be further eliminated or reduced. For clarity, the first phase delay unit QWP1 and the second phase delay unit QWP2 need to be distinguished for "positive" and "negative" types. "Positive" and "negative" are defined as follows:
positive phase delay unit: causing a polarization component of an incident beam along an optical axis to generate a phase delay of N × pi +1/4pi, where N is an integer;
negative phase delay unit: the polarization component of the incident beam along the optical axis is caused to generate a phase retardation of M × pi +3/4pi, where M is an integer.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light leakage phenomenon shown in fig. 1 can be further reduced when the following relationship is satisfied: the first phase delay unit QWP1 and the second phase delay unit QWP2 are both positive phase delay units or both negative phase delay units, and satisfy the following relationship: alpha (alpha) ("alpha") 1 ＝α 2 45 ° or 135 °; or the first phase delay unit and the second phase delay unit are positive phase delay units or negative phase delay units with opposite types, and the following relations are satisfied: alpha is alpha 1 ＝-α 2 Either 45 or 135,
wherein alpha is 1 The polarization direction D1 at normal incidence of linearly polarized light incident on the first phase retardation unit QWP1 is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis T of first phase retardation unit QWP1 as viewed against the optical path direction (i.e., as viewed from left to right in FIG. 2 or 3) QWP1 Angle of rotation, α 2 A transmission axis T of the polarization beam splitter for viewing against the direction of the light path PBS Rotated counterclockwise to optical axis T of second phase delay unit QWP2 QWP2 The angle of rotation. The angle alpha is described above 1 And alpha 2 Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the above equation is susceptible to errors within an engineering acceptable range, for example when the difference between the two and the target angle is within a range of plus or minus 5 degrees, and can be considered to be satisfied. At a target angle alpha 1 ＝α 2 When in practice α is taken as an example at 45 ° 1 ＝40°、α 2 When 50 °, α is satisfied 1 ＝α 2 ＝45°。
When the optical module includes a polarizer, the transmission axis of the polarizer is parallel to the polarization direction D1 of the linearly polarized light incident on the first phase retardation unit QWP1 at normal incidence, so that α 1 I.e. the transmission axis of the polarizer is rotated counter-clockwise, viewed against the direction of the light path (i.e. from left to right in fig. 2), to the optical axis T of the first phase retardation unit QWP1 QWP1 The angle of rotation.
FIG. 4A shows α 1 For the case of 45 degrees, FIG. 4B shows α 1 For the 135 degree case, FIG. 4C shows α 2 For the case of 45 degrees, FIG. 4D shows α 2 In the case of 135 degrees. When the light beam incident on the first phase retardation unit QWP1 is linearly polarized light, the polarization direction D1 is the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light. Or when a polarizer is disposed upstream of the first phase retardation unit QWP1, the polarization direction corresponds to the transmission axis of the polarizer.
In the above embodiment, by adding the first phase compensation unit RA, the second phase compensation unit RB, and setting the types and the optical axis angle relationships of the first phase retardation unit QWP1 and the second phase retardation unit QWP2, the polarization state of the light beam at each incident angle, which is incident on the polarization splitting plate PBS for the first time, can be made to meet or meet as much as possible the condition of being reflected by the polarization splitting plate PBS, that is, the polarization direction is perpendicular or perpendicular as much as possible to the transmission axis T of the polarization splitting plate PBS PBS Either parallel to or as parallel as possible to the reflection axis of the polarization splitter PBS.
In addition, in the present invention, for the sake of clarity, the light beam that is incident on the polarization splitting plate for the first time (first time) and the light beam that is incident on the polarization splitting plate for the second time are distinguished. Referring to fig. 2, a light beam E1 passes through the first phase compensation unit RA, the first phase retardation unit QWP1, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective layer BS, and the second phase retardation unit QWP2, is modulated into a light beam E3, and is incident on the polarization beam splitter PBS, and the light beam E3 is referred to as a light beam which is incident on the polarization beam splitter PBS for the first time (for the first time); the light beam E6 is referred to as a light beam secondarily incident on the polarization beam splitter, and the light beams E4, E5, and E6 may all be referred to as folded light beams. The optical path structures in the remaining figures can also be understood the same, and are not described in detail here.
Compare in the scheme of prior art's folding light path, through the technical scheme of the utility model, can make for the first time incide the proportion that the light beam transmission on the polarization beam splitting piece PBS passes through polarization beam splitting piece PBS is littleer, and the noise (stray light) that consequently produces are littleer. Most of the light beams are reflected to form a retraced light beam, and when the retraced light beam is incident on the polarizing beam splitter PBS for the second time, the polarization direction of the retraced light beam and the transmission axis T of the polarizing beam splitter PBS PBS Parallel or as parallel as possible, and thus able to transmit and form a signal (light).
The inventors tested the effects of the present invention through the following specific examples.
Example 1
The optical path structure of example 1 is shown in fig. 5, in which a screen emitting light is provided upstream in the optical path of the absorbing polarizing plate Pol. Specific parameters of the optical path structure of example 1 are as follows:
the transmission axis of the absorbing polarizer Pol is parallel to the x-axis; the first phase delay unit QWP1 is a positive phase delay unit composed of n o <n e And the optical axis satisfies alpha 1 A quarter wave plate of 45 degrees; the transmissivity of the semi-transparent semi-reflective layer BS is 50%, and the reflectivity is 50%; the second phase delay unit QWP2 is a positive phase delay unit composed of n o <n e And the optical axis satisfies alpha 2 ＝α 1 A quarter wave plate of 45 degrees; the transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter PBS is parallel to the y-axis.
For convenience of explanation, the polarization state of light as it propagates is represented by a Pioncare sphere. Angle of incidence theta and azimuth angle of light
Is defined as follows: theta is the included angle between the light ray and the positive direction of the z axis,
is light ofThe projection of the line in the xy plane forms an included angle with the positive direction of the x axis.
The distribution of the intensity of the signal light and the stray light with different incident angles of the light is shown in fig. 6C and 6D. It can be seen from the figure that when θ is less than 30 °, the intensity of the signal light is much greater than the intensity of the stray light, and the light leakage phenomenon in this area is not obvious.
Fig. 6A shows that in example 1, when θ is 60 °,
the polarization states of incident light after sequentially passing through the absorption-type polarizer Pol, the first phase retardation unit QWP1, the second phase retardation unit QWP2 and the polarization beam splitter PBS for the first time are respectively represented by a green point M, a magenta point N, a red point O and a black point P; when the light is at an angle theta of 60 deg.,
when the light enters: the rotation axis composed of the fast axis and the slow axis of the first phase delay unit QWP1 is a magenta straight line F O S O The rotation axis composed of the fast axis and the slow axis of QWP2 is a red straight line F N S N As shown in fig. 6A; when the light is at 60 deg. theta,
at incidence, the process of polarization modulation after it first passes through the first phase delay unit QWP1 and the second phase delay unit QWP2 is represented on the Poincare sphere as: QWP1 modulation Process-winding point M around line magenta F N S N Rotating 90 degrees clockwise to a point N; QWP2 modulation Process-winding point N around the Red line F O S O Rotated 90 deg. clockwise to point O. (clockwise rotation means clockwise rotation when viewed from the F end to the S end with respect to the straight line FS)
When light is emitted at an angle theta of 60 deg.,
when the polarization state is incident, the polarization state reflected by the polarization beam splitter PBS is a point on the Pioncare sphere where the black point P is symmetrical with respect to the center of the sphere (in this caseCoinciding with the green point M) and as can be seen in figure 6A at 60,
after the incident light sequentially passes through the absorption polarizer Pol, the first phase retardation unit QWP1 and the second phase retardation unit QWP2 for the first time, the polarization state (red point O) does not coincide with the green point M, and the included angle formed by the radii of the two points is large, so that the light firstly reaching the polarization beam splitter PBS is not completely absorbed, and a certain degree of light leakage is generated.
Fig. 6B shows that in example 1, when θ is 60 °,
the polarization states of the incident light after passing through the absorption polarizer Pol, the first phase retardation unit QWP1, the second phase retardation unit QWP2, and the polarization splitting plate PBS in this order are represented by a green point M, a magenta point N, a red point O, and a black point P, respectively. The light is turned by theta to 60 deg.,
at incidence, the polarization state reflected by the PBS coincides with the point on the Pioncare sphere where the black point P is symmetric about the center of the sphere, whereas as can be seen in fig. 6B at θ 60,
after incident light sequentially passes through the polarizer, the first phase delay unit QWP1 and the second phase delay unit QWP2 for the first time, the polarization state and the point P are not overlapped with each other about a symmetry point of a sphere center, and an included angle formed by radiuses of the two points is large, so that part of light reaching the polarizing beam splitter PBS for the first time directly passes through the polarizing beam splitter PBS instead of being completely reflected, and light leakage to a certain degree is generated.
According to the aspect of embodiment 1, when θ is large, the intensity of stray light and the intensity of signal light are comparable, particularly when θ is 65 ° (degree of zero),
In the vicinity of the location of the mobile station,at this time, there is a certain light leakage phenomenon.
Example 2
Compared to embodiment 1, embodiment 2 has the following differences in the optical path structure: a first phase compensation unit RA is added. The optical path structure of example 2 is shown in fig. 7.
The second phase delay unit is a negative phase delay unit consisting of n o >n e And the optical axis satisfies alpha 2 ＝-α 1 A quarter-wave plate at-45 deg. (i.e. 135 deg.). The first phase delay unit is a positive phase delay unit.
The first phase compensation RA can have a variety of configurations. The parameters of the first phase compensation unit RA selected in the present embodiment are shown in the following table, which includes the phase retarder a1 and the phase retarder a2 superimposed along the optical path direction. The parameters of the phase retarder a1 are as follows: n is o <n e The optical axis direction was parallel to the x-axis, and the phase retardation was 100 nm. The parameters of the phase retarder a2 are as follows: n is o >n e The optical axis direction was parallel to the y-axis, and the phase retardation amount was 101 nm.
| Phase retarder A1 | Phase retarder A2 | |
| Direction of optical axis | Parallel to the x-axis | Parallel to the y-axis |
| Retardance (amount of phase delay) | 100nm | 101nm |
| Types of | n o <n e | n o >n e |
Again with the value of theta 60,
the incident light is taken as an example to illustrate, and the polarization state change in the structure of example 2 is shown in fig. 8A, it can be seen that the polarization state point O of the light passing through the second phase retardation unit QWP2 for the first time is very close to the symmetry point of the point P with respect to the center of the sphere, so that the light is mostly reflected when entering the polarization splitting plate PBS for the first time, and the light leakage is reduced.
The distribution of the intensity of stray light with different incident angles of light is shown in fig. 8B. Compared with fig. 6D, this embodiment greatly reduces the light leakage in the folded optical path, and the light leakage intensity is reduced to 12% of the original intensity.
Example 3
Fig. 9 shows the optical path structure of embodiment 3. Compared to embodiment 1, embodiment 3 has the following differences in the optical path structure: a first phase compensation unit RA and a second phase compensation unit RB are added.
The second phase delay unit is a negative phase delay unit composed of n o >n e And the optical axis satisfies alpha 2 ＝-α 1 A quarter wave plate at-45 deg.. The first phase delay unit is a positive phase compensation unit.
The first phase compensation unit RA may have various configurations. The parameters of the first phase compensation unit RA selected in this embodiment are as follows: which includes phase retarder a1 and phase retarder a2 superimposed along the optical path direction. The parameters of the phase retarder a1 are as follows: n is a radical of an alkyl radical o <n e The optical axis direction was parallel to the x-axis, and the phase retardation was 206 nm. The parameters of the phase retarder a2 are as follows: n is o <n e The optical axis direction is flatThe retardation was 85nm on the y-axis.
| Phase retarder A1 | Phase retarder A2 | |
| Direction of optical axis | Parallel to the x-axis | Parallel to the y-axis |
| Retardance (amount of phase delay) | 206nm | 85nm |
| Type (B) | n o <n e | n o >n e |
The second phase compensation unit RB may have various configurations. The parameters of the second phase compensation unit RB selected in this embodiment are as follows: it includes a phase retarder B1 and a phase retarder B2 superimposed along the optical path direction. The parameters of the phase retarder B1 are as follows: n is a radical of an alkyl radical o >n e The optical axis direction was parallel to the x-axis, and the phase retardation was 85 nm. The parameters of the phase retarder B2 are as follows: n is o >n e The optical axis direction was parallel to the y-axis, and the phase retardation amount was 206 nm.
| Phase retarder B1 | Phase retarder B2 | |
| Direction of optical axis | Parallel to the x-axis | Parallel to the y-axis |
| Retardance (amount of phase delay) | 85nm | 206nm |
| Type (B) | n o >n e | n o >n e |
With the reference of theta 60, the number of the first,
the polarization state of the incident light beam in the structure of embodiment 3 is changed as shown in fig. 10A, and it can be seen that the polarization state point V and the point P of the light beam passing through the second phase compensation unit for the first time almost coincide with each other with respect to the symmetry point of the sphere center, and therefore the light beam is almost totally reflected when entering the polarization splitting plate PBS for the first time, and no light leakage is generated.
The distribution of the intensity of stray light with different incident angles of light is shown in fig. 10B. Compared with fig. 8B, this embodiment greatly reduces the light leakage in the folded optical path, and the light leakage intensity is reduced to 7% of the original intensity.
Can see out through above-mentioned embodiment 1-3, according to the utility model discloses optical module can reduce the emergence of light leak in the folding light path.
The utility model discloses still relate to a near-to-eye display device, include: a display screen; and an optical module 20 or 30 as described above, the optical module 20 or 30 being arranged in the optical path downstream of said display screen. Such as an augmented reality AR device, a virtual reality VR device, or other type of mixed reality MR device.
Fig. 11 illustrates a light projection method 100 according to an embodiment of the invention, described in detail below with reference to fig. 11.
In step S101: receiving linearly polarized light through a first phase compensation unit, modulating and then emitting the linearly polarized light;
in step S102: receiving a light beam from the first phase compensation unit through a first phase delay unit and modulating the light beam into circular polarization or elliptical polarization;
in step S103: receiving the circularly or elliptically polarized light through a transflective layer and allowing the circularly or elliptically polarized light to at least partially transmit;
in step S104: receiving the transmitted circular polarized light or elliptical polarized light through a second phase delay unit, modulating and then emitting; and
in step S105: and receiving the light beam from the second phase delay unit through a polarization beam splitter, wherein the polarization beam splitter is arranged on the optical path downstream of the second phase delay unit and is provided with a transmission axis, partial light beams with polarization directions parallel to the transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter are allowed to transmit, and the rest light beams are reflected back to the second phase delay unit.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the light projection method further includes: generating, by a polarizer, linearly polarized light incident on the first phase compensation unit, wherein an optical axis of the first phase compensation unit is located in a plane orthogonal to a transmission axis of the polarizer or a plane orthogonal to a absorption axis of the polarizer, the first phase compensation unit being configured such that: and modulating the linear polarization light incident on the polarizer along various directions according to the polarization state distribution of the linear polarization light, so that the polarization state of the light beam of each incident angle incident on the polarization beam splitter for the first time meets the condition of being reflected by the polarization beam splitter.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the light projection method further includes: modulating a light beam incident on a second phase compensation unit by a second phase compensation unit located between the second phase retardation unit and the polarization beam splitter, wherein an optical axis of the second phase compensation unit is located in a plane orthogonal to a transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter or a plane orthogonal to a reflection axis of the polarization beam splitter, the second phase compensation unit being configured such that: modulating the light beam which is firstly incident on the second phase compensation unit according to the polarization state distribution of the light beam which is firstly incident on the second phase compensation unit, so that the polarization state of the light beam which is firstly incident on the second phase compensation unit after penetrating through the second phase compensation unit meets the condition of being reflected by the polarization beam splitting sheet
According to an aspect of the present invention, the first phase delay unit and the second phase delay unit are both positive phase delay units or both negative phase delay units, and satisfy the following relationship: alpha is alpha 1 ＝α 2 45 ° or 135 °; or the first phase delay unit and the second phase delay unit are positive phase delay units or negative phase delay units with opposite types, and the following relations are satisfied: alpha is alpha 1 ＝-α 2 Either 45 or 135,
wherein alpha is 1 The transmission axis of the polarizer is rotated counterclockwise to the angle, alpha, of the optical axis of the first phase retardation element, viewed against the direction of the light path 2 The transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the second phase retardation unit by the rotated angle viewed against the optical path direction.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the light projection method further includes: and the light beams reflected by the polarization beam splitter are folded back after passing through the second phase delay unit and the semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting layer, and the folded back light beams are emitted from the polarization beam splitter.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the above light projection method is implemented by the optical module 20 or 30 as described above.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. An optical module, comprising:
a first phase delay unit configured to modulate a light beam incident thereon into circular polarized light or elliptical polarized light;
the semi-transparent semi-reflective layer is positioned at the downstream of the optical path of the first phase delay unit and receives the circular polarization light or the elliptical polarization light;
the second phase delay unit is positioned at the downstream of the optical path of the semi-transmitting and semi-reflecting layer; and
a polarization beam splitter disposed in the optical path downstream of the second phase delay unit, the polarization beam splitter having a pass axis,
the optical module further comprises a first phase compensation unit positioned on the optical path upstream of the first phase delay unit.
2. The optical module of claim 1 further comprising a polarizer positioned optically upstream of the first phase compensation unit, the polarizer receiving an incident beam and modulating it into linearly polarized light, the first phase compensation unit receiving the linearly polarized light and modulating it for emission to the first phase retardation unit.
3. The optical module of claim 2 wherein the optical axis of the first phase compensation unit is in a plane orthogonal to the transmission axis of the polarizer or a plane orthogonal to the absorption axis of the polarizer.
4. The optical module of any of claims 1-3 wherein the first retardation cell is configured to impart a retardation of n x pi +3/4pi, or a retardation of n x pi +1/4pi to the polarization component of the linearly polarized light incident thereon in the direction of the optical axis; the second phase delay unit is configured to generate a phase delay of n × pi +3/4pi or a phase delay of n × pi +1/4pi for a polarization component of the linearly polarized light incident thereon in the optical axis direction, where n is an integer.
5. The optical module of any of claims 1-3 wherein the light reflected by the polarization beamsplitter is transmitted through the second phase retardation element, partially reflected by the transflective layer, and re-transmitted through the second phase retardation element, and wherein the polarization direction of the folded light reaching the polarization beamsplitter is parallel to the transmission axis of the polarization beamsplitter.
6. The optical module of claim 2, wherein the first phase delay unit and the second phase delay unit are both positive phase delay units or both negative phase delay units, and satisfy the following relationship:
α 1 = α 2 = 45 degrees or 135 degrees,
α 1 the transmission axis of the polarizer is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the first phase retardation unit by the rotated angle, alpha, viewed against the direction of the optical path 2 The transmission axis of the polarization splitter is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the second phase retardation cell by the rotated angle viewed against the optical path direction.
7. The optical module of claim 2, wherein the first phase delay unit and the second phase delay unit are positive phase delay units or negative phase delay units of opposite types, and satisfy the following relationship:
α 1 = -α 2 (ii) 45 ° or 135 °,
α 1 the transmission axis of the polarizer is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the first phase retardation unit by the rotated angle, alpha, viewed against the direction of the optical path 2 The transmission axis of the polarization beam splitter is rotated counterclockwise to the optical axis of the second phase retardation unit by the rotated angle viewed against the optical path direction.
8. The optical module of claim 2 wherein the first phase compensation unit is configured such that: and modulating the linear polarization light incident on the polarizer along various directions according to the polarization state distribution of the linear polarization light, so that the polarization state of the light beam of each incident angle incident on the polarization beam splitter for the first time meets the condition of being reflected by the polarization beam splitter.
9. The optical module of any of claims 1-3 further comprising a second phase compensation unit positioned between the second phase retardation unit and the polarization beamsplitter, wherein an optical axis of the second phase compensation unit is positioned in a plane orthogonal to a transmission axis of the polarization beamsplitter or in a plane orthogonal to a reflection axis of the polarization beamsplitter.
10. The optical module of claim 9 wherein the second phase compensation unit is configured such that: and modulating the light beams of all incidence angles, which are initially incident on the second phase compensation unit, according to the polarization state distribution of the light beams of all incidence angles, which are initially incident on the second phase compensation unit, so that the polarization states of the light beams of all incidence angles, which are initially incident on the second phase compensation unit, after the light beams of all incidence angles penetrate through the second phase compensation unit meet the conditions of reflection by the polarization splitting sheet.
11. The optical module of any of claims 1-3 further comprising a lens disposed adjacent to the transflective layer.
12. The optical module of claim 11 wherein the transflective layer is attached to a surface of the lens.
13. A near-eye display device, comprising:
a display screen; and
the optical module of any of claims 1-12 disposed in the optical path downstream of the display screen.
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