CN217466193U - Leaf spring test fixture - Google Patents
Leaf spring test fixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN217466193U CN217466193U CN202221088882.8U CN202221088882U CN217466193U CN 217466193 U CN217466193 U CN 217466193U CN 202221088882 U CN202221088882 U CN 202221088882U CN 217466193 U CN217466193 U CN 217466193U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- mounting
- leaf spring
- workbench
- limiting block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a leaf spring testing tool used for testing a leaf spring assembly, wherein the leaf spring assembly comprises a main spring and an auxiliary spring; the steel plate spring testing tool comprises a workbench, a driving piece, a mounting seat, two pulleys and two limiting assemblies, wherein the driving piece is arranged on the workbench; the mounting seat is connected with the output end of the driving piece, the main spring and the auxiliary spring are mounted on the mounting seat, and the driving piece is used for driving the mounting seat to move vertically; the two pulleys are in sliding contact fit with the workbench and are respectively connected with two ends of the main spring; two spacing subassemblies are all installed on the workstation, and two spacing subassemblies are used for respectively with the both ends butt of auxiliary spring. The utility model discloses a leaf spring test fixture can realize testing main spring and auxiliary spring simultaneously to can simulate the automobile driving condition and test main spring and auxiliary spring, the test result is accurate reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a leaf spring field, concretely relates to leaf spring tests frock.
Background
At present, an automobile steel plate spring is an important part of an automobile suspension system and is of great importance to the safety performance of the whole automobile. In the running process of an automobile, the steel plate spring is used as a main damping and energy absorbing part and always bears impact load, and the fatigue strength and the rigidity of the steel plate spring are important factors influencing the safety performance of the whole automobile. Therefore, in the production link of the leaf spring, fatigue test and rigidity test are required to be carried out on the leaf spring, the existing leaf spring test tool cannot test the main spring and the auxiliary spring at the same time, the main spring and the auxiliary spring need to be disassembled for independent test, and the error of the test result is large.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a leaf spring test fixture to solve the problem that traditional leaf spring test fixture can not test main spring and vice spring simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a leaf spring test fixture, which is used for testing a leaf spring assembly, wherein the leaf spring assembly comprises a main spring and an auxiliary spring; the steel plate spring testing tool comprises a workbench, a driving piece, a mounting seat, two pulleys and two limiting assemblies, wherein the driving piece is arranged on the workbench; the mounting seat is connected with the output end of the driving piece, the main spring and the auxiliary spring are mounted on the mounting seat, and the driving piece is used for driving the mounting seat to move vertically; the two pulleys are in sliding contact fit with the workbench and are respectively connected with two ends of the main spring; two the spacing subassembly is all installed on the workstation, and two the spacing subassembly be used for respectively with the both ends butt of auxiliary spring.
Optionally, the limiting assembly comprises an adjusting rod, an upper limiting block and a lower limiting block, the upper limiting block is used for being abutted to the auxiliary spring, the lower limiting block is installed on the workbench, a first adjusting groove is formed in the upper limiting block, a second adjusting groove corresponding to the first adjusting groove is formed in the lower limiting block, and the adjusting rod sequentially penetrates through the first adjusting groove and the second adjusting groove and can slide vertically.
Optionally, a waist-shaped hole is formed in the workbench, and the lower limiting block is detachably connected with the waist-shaped hole through a fastener.
Optionally, a buffer pad is disposed at one end of the upper limiting block facing the auxiliary spring.
Optionally, the mount pad includes installation pole and two mounting panels that set up along vertical interval, the installation pole is connected in two between the mounting panel, two the mounting panel is formed with the installation cavity, main spring with vice spring passes the installation cavity, and two the mounting panel respectively with main spring with vice spring supports tightly.
Optionally, the mounting rod is provided with a threaded section, the two mounting plates are in threaded connection with the threaded section, and the mounting seat further comprises a nut matched with the threaded section.
Optionally, the pulley comprises a supporting seat and a roller installed at the bottom end of the supporting seat, the supporting seat is used for being connected with the main spring, and the roller is matched with the workbench in a sliding contact manner.
Optionally, a clamping groove is formed in the supporting seat, the pulley further comprises a pin shaft, the pin shaft is clamped with the clamping groove, the two ends of the main spring are provided with rolling lugs, and the pin shaft penetrates through the rolling lugs.
Optionally, a sliding groove is formed in the workbench, the roller comprises a roller body and a limiting flange, the limiting flange is located on one side, close to the supporting seat, of the roller body, the roller body is arranged at the edge of the sliding groove, and the limiting flange is located in the sliding groove.
Optionally, the drive member is a hydraulic cylinder.
The utility model discloses make the output and the main spring and the vice spring of driving piece be connected through setting up the mount pad among the technical scheme to realize driving piece drive main spring and vice spring along vertical removal. The both ends of main spring are connected with two coasters respectively, and when driving piece drive main spring and vice spring along vertical movement, the coaster can slide relative to the workstation, and the deformation that the leaf spring assembly produced when the imitation leaf spring assembly was gone in whole car. Spacing subassembly is used for with vice spring butt, avoids driving piece drive mount pad along vertical migration excessive, also can simulate the vehicle condition simultaneously and exert load to leaf spring assembly. The utility model provides a leaf spring test fixture can realize testing main spring and auxiliary spring simultaneously to can simulate the automobile driving condition and test main spring and auxiliary spring, the test result is accurate reliable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a leaf spring testing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a leaf spring testing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a limiting component in the steel plate spring testing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name(s) |
| 100 | Steel plate |
50 | |
| 10 | Steel |
51 | Supporting |
| 11 | |
511 | |
| 111 | |
52 | |
| 12 | |
521 | |
| 20 | Working table | 522 | Limiting |
| 21 | Waist- |
53 | |
| 22 | |
60 | |
| 30 | |
61 | Upper limiting |
| 30a | |
611 | |
| 40 | Mounting seat | 612 | A first adjusting |
| 41 | |
62 | Lower limiting |
| 42 | |
621 | Second regulating |
| 43 | |
63 | Adjusting |
| 44 | |
64 | Fastening piece |
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the motion situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Furthermore, descriptions in the present application as to "first," "second," etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., "fixed" may be fixedly connected or detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it is necessary to use a person skilled in the art to realize the basis, and when the technical solutions are combined and contradictory to each other or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should not exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention is described in the directions of "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc. with reference to the direction shown in fig. 1, and is only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components in the posture shown in fig. 1, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is also changed accordingly.
The utility model provides a leaf spring test fixture.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the leaf spring test tool 100 is used for testing a leaf spring assembly 10, wherein the leaf spring assembly 10 includes a main spring 11 and an auxiliary spring 12; the steel plate spring testing tool 100 comprises a workbench 20, a driving part 30, a mounting seat 40, two pulleys 50 and two limiting assemblies 60, wherein the driving part 30 is arranged on the workbench 20; the mounting seat 40 is connected with the output end of the driving member 30, the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12 are mounted on the mounting seat 40, and the driving member 30 is used for driving the mounting seat 40 to move vertically; the two pulleys 50 are in sliding contact fit with the workbench 20, and the two pulleys 50 are respectively connected with two ends of the main spring 11; two spacing subassemblies 60 are all installed on workstation 20, and two spacing subassemblies 60 are used for the both ends butt with auxiliary spring 12 respectively.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the mounting seat 40 is arranged to connect the output end of the driving element 30 with the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12, so that the driving element 30 drives the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12 to move vertically. The left end and the right end of the main spring 11 are respectively connected with two pulleys 50, and when the driving piece 30 drives the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12 to move vertically, the pulleys 50 can slide relative to the workbench 20 to simulate the deformation of the plate spring assembly 10 when the whole vehicle runs. The limiting component 60 is used for abutting against the auxiliary spring 12, so that the driving piece 30 is prevented from driving the mounting seat 40 to move downwards excessively, and meanwhile, the load can be applied to the leaf spring assembly 10 by simulating the vehicle condition. The leaf spring test fixture 100 in the embodiment can test the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12 at the same time, can simulate the automobile running condition to test the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12, and has accurate and reliable test results.
During the rigidity test, the driving part 30 applies vertical displacement and force values to the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12, force value and displacement data are derived from equipment, the rigidity and the resultant rigidity of the main spring 11 are calculated, a force-displacement curve is made, and the starting working and complete working force value points of the auxiliary spring 12 can be visually seen through the curve, so that the steel plate spring test tool 100 can simultaneously test the rigidity of the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12. When the fatigue strength test is performed, the driving member 30 applies reciprocating displacement and reciprocating force in the vertical direction to the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12, so that the fatigue strength of the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12 is verified, and whether the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12 have the problems of dislocation, interference, abnormal sound and the like can be tested.
In an embodiment, the limiting assembly 60 includes an adjusting rod 63, an upper limiting block 61 and a lower limiting block 62, the upper limiting block 61 is used for abutting against the auxiliary spring 12, the lower limiting block 62 is installed on the workbench 20, the upper limiting block 61 is provided with a first adjusting groove 612, the lower limiting block 62 is provided with a second adjusting groove 621 corresponding to the first adjusting groove 612, and the adjusting rod 63 sequentially passes through the first adjusting groove 612 and the second adjusting groove 621 and can slide vertically.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the upper limiting block 61 and the lower limiting block 62 are both T-shaped, and the upper limiting block 61 is used for abutting against the auxiliary spring 12, so that the limiting assembly 60 is used for abutting against the auxiliary spring 12. The lower stop block 62 is mounted on the table 20 to enable the stop assembly 60 to be mounted on the table 20. First adjustment tank 612 corresponds the setting with second adjustment tank 621, adjusts pole 63 and passes first adjustment tank 612 and second adjustment tank 621 in proper order, adjusts pole 63 and can follow vertical slip for go up spacing piece 61 and spacing piece 62 relative height down can be adjusted, thereby make spacing subassembly 60 highly can adjust according to the leaf spring assembly 10 of not unidimensional, make leaf spring test fixture 100's use flexibility higher.
In one embodiment, the worktable 20 is provided with a waist-shaped hole 21, and the lower limiting block 62 is detachably connected with the waist-shaped hole 21 through a fastener 64.
Referring to fig. 2, the waist-shaped hole 21 extends in the left-right direction, the lower limiting block 62 can move relative to the waist-shaped hole 21 in the left-right direction and then be fixed by the fastening piece 64, and the position of the lower limiting block 62 in the left-right direction can be adjusted, so that the distance between the two limiting assemblies 60 can be adjusted according to the steel plate spring assemblies 10 with different sizes, and the steel plate spring testing tool 100 is more flexible and convenient to use. Specifically, the fastener 64 is a bolt, which has the advantages of easy material availability and easy installation.
In one embodiment, a cushion 611 is provided at an end of upper limiting block 61 facing auxiliary spring 12.
Referring to fig. 2, a cushion 611 is disposed at an upper end of the upper limit block 61, and the cushion 611 has a buffering and protecting function for the auxiliary spring 12 to abut against the upper limit block 61. Specifically, the cushion 611 may be made of rubber, which has the advantages of low cost and easy manufacturing, and can also perform the function of damping. The shape of cushion 611 is an upward convex arc, and is more matched with the shape of auxiliary spring 12, so that auxiliary spring 12 is more convenient to abut against cushion 611, and the buffering effect of cushion 611 is better.
In an embodiment, the mounting seat 40 includes a mounting rod 42 and two mounting plates 41 arranged at a vertical interval, the mounting rod 42 is connected between the two mounting plates 41, the two mounting plates 41 are formed with mounting cavities 43, the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12 penetrate through the mounting cavities 43, and the two mounting plates 41 respectively abut against the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12.
Referring to fig. 2, two mounting plates 41 are disposed at intervals in the vertical direction, and the lower mounting plate 41 is connected to the output end of the driving element 30, so that the mounting base 40 is connected to the output end of the driving element 30. The mounting bar 42 is connected between the two mounting plates 41 so that the mounting socket 40 forms a stable frame structure. The main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12 penetrate through the mounting cavity 43, the mounting plate 41 above the main spring 11 abuts tightly, and the mounting plate 41 below the auxiliary spring 12 abuts tightly, so that the main spring 11, the auxiliary spring 12 and the mounting seat 40 are connected tightly and firmly, and inaccurate test results caused by shaking of the main spring 11 and the auxiliary spring 12 in the test process are avoided.
In a preferred technical solution, the number of the mounting rods 42 is multiple, so that the structure of the mounting seat 40 is more stable, and the structural stability of the leaf spring testing tool 100 is improved.
In one embodiment, the mounting rod 42 is provided with a threaded section, the two mounting plates 41 are both threadedly connected to the threaded section, and the mounting seat 40 further comprises a nut 44 engaged with the threaded section. Referring to fig. 2, the nut 44 fastens the connection between the mounting plate 41 and the mounting rod 42, thereby improving the structural stability of the mounting base 40. Two mounting panels 41 all with screw thread section threaded connection, adjust the distance between two mounting panels 41 through rotatory installation pole 42 for the distance between two mounting panels 41 can be adjusted according to the work piece of equidimension not, makes leaf spring test fixture 100's use more nimble.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 2 in combination, the pulley 50 includes a supporting seat 51 and a roller 52 installed at a bottom end of the supporting seat 51, and the supporting seat 51 is used for connecting with the main spring 11, so that the pulley 50 is connected with the main spring 11. The rollers 52 are in sliding contact engagement with the table 20, thereby providing sliding contact engagement of the trolley 50 with the table 20.
In an embodiment, the supporting seat 51 is formed with a clamping groove 511, the pulley 50 further includes a pin 53, the pin 53 is clamped with the clamping groove 511, both ends of the main spring 11 are provided with a rolling lug 111, and the pin 53 passes through the rolling lug 111.
Referring to fig. 2, two clamping grooves 511 are formed on the supporting seat 51, and the front end and the rear end of the pin shaft 53 are respectively clamped with the two clamping grooves 511, so that the pin shaft 53 and the supporting seat 51 are stably and tightly connected, and the structural stability of the pulley 50 is improved. Both ends all are provided with the book ear 111 about main spring 11, and round pin axle 53 passes book ear 111 to realize that main spring 11 and coaster 50 are connected stably and the fastening, improve the accuracy of test result.
In an embodiment, the sliding groove 22 is disposed on the working platform 20, the roller 52 includes a wheel body 521 and a limiting rib 522, the limiting rib 522 is disposed on a side of the wheel body 521 close to the supporting seat 51, the wheel body 521 is disposed on an edge of the sliding groove 22, and the limiting rib 522 is disposed in the sliding groove 22.
Referring to fig. 2, one side of the wheel body 521 close to the supporting seat 51 is connected with a limiting rib 522, the sliding groove 22 is recessed downward, the wheel body 521 is located outside the sliding groove 22 and is erected at the edge of the sliding groove 22, the limiting rib 522 is located in the sliding groove 22 and is abutted against the edge of the sliding groove 22, and the limiting rib 522 plays a limiting role in limiting the sliding of the pulley 50, so that the pulley 50 is prevented from being overturned due to the fact that the pulley 50 is shaken in the front-back direction.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the driving member 30 is a hydraulic cylinder 30 a. The hydraulic cylinder 30a has the advantages of simple structure and stable and reliable performance, and can stably drive the mounting seat 40 to move along the vertical direction, thereby improving the stability of the test result.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not limiting the scope of the present invention, all of which are under the concept of the present invention, the equivalent structure transformation made by the contents of the specification and the drawings is utilized, or the direct/indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A steel plate spring testing tool is used for testing a steel plate spring assembly, and the steel plate spring assembly comprises a main spring and an auxiliary spring; its characterized in that, leaf spring test fixture includes:
a work table;
the driving piece is arranged on the workbench;
the mounting seat is connected with the output end of the driving piece, the main spring and the auxiliary spring are mounted on the mounting seat, and the driving piece is used for driving the mounting seat to move vertically;
the two pulleys are in sliding contact fit with the workbench and are respectively connected with two ends of the main spring; and the number of the first and second groups,
and the two limiting assemblies are arranged on the workbench and are respectively used for being abutted against two ends of the auxiliary spring.
2. The leaf spring test tool of claim 1, wherein the limiting assembly comprises an adjusting rod, an upper limiting block and a lower limiting block, the upper limiting block is used for abutting against the auxiliary spring, the lower limiting block is mounted on the workbench, the upper limiting block is provided with a first adjusting groove, the lower limiting block is provided with a second adjusting groove corresponding to the first adjusting groove, and the adjusting rod sequentially penetrates through the first adjusting groove and the second adjusting groove and can slide vertically.
3. The leaf spring test fixture of claim 2, wherein the workbench is provided with a waist-shaped hole, and the lower limiting block is detachably connected with the waist-shaped hole through a fastener.
4. The leaf spring testing tool of claim 2, wherein a cushion pad is disposed at one end of the upper limiting block facing the auxiliary spring.
5. The test tool for the steel plate spring according to claim 1, wherein the mounting seat comprises a mounting rod and two mounting plates arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, the mounting rod is connected between the two mounting plates, a mounting cavity is formed in the two mounting plates, the main spring and the auxiliary spring penetrate through the mounting cavity, and the two mounting plates are respectively abutted against the main spring and the auxiliary spring.
6. The leaf spring test fixture of claim 5, wherein the mounting rod is provided with a threaded section, both of the mounting plates are in threaded connection with the threaded section, and the mounting base further comprises a nut matched with the threaded section.
7. The leaf spring test fixture of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the trolley includes a support base and a roller mounted at a bottom end of the support base, the support base is configured to be coupled to the main spring, and the roller is configured to be in sliding contact with the table.
8. The leaf spring testing tool according to claim 7, wherein a clamping groove is formed in the supporting seat, the pulley further comprises a pin shaft, the pin shaft is clamped in the clamping groove, two ends of the main spring are provided with rolling lugs, and the pin shaft penetrates through the rolling lugs.
9. The leaf spring testing tool according to claim 7, wherein a sliding groove is formed in the workbench, the roller comprises a roller body and a limiting rib, the limiting rib is located on one side of the roller body, which is close to the supporting seat, the roller body is arranged on the edge of the sliding groove in an overlapping mode, and the limiting rib is located in the sliding groove.
10. The leaf spring test fixture of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the drive member is a hydraulic cylinder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221088882.8U CN217466193U (en) | 2022-05-07 | 2022-05-07 | Leaf spring test fixture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221088882.8U CN217466193U (en) | 2022-05-07 | 2022-05-07 | Leaf spring test fixture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN217466193U true CN217466193U (en) | 2022-09-20 |
Family
ID=83273082
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221088882.8U Active CN217466193U (en) | 2022-05-07 | 2022-05-07 | Leaf spring test fixture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN217466193U (en) |
-
2022
- 2022-05-07 CN CN202221088882.8U patent/CN217466193U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106092552B (en) | The longitudinal composite material plate spring performance testing device of automobile | |
| CN104875147A (en) | Tool for combining automotive rear axle and plate spring | |
| CN110274775A (en) | A kind of automobile multi-link lever suspension fork system stage testing tooling | |
| CN108332981A (en) | Test tool for automotive suspension performance test | |
| CN217466193U (en) | Leaf spring test fixture | |
| CN219830319U (en) | Knuckle multichannel bench test loading arm with adjustable | |
| CN108444691B (en) | Bench test method for up-down stress of plate spring | |
| CN219532455U (en) | Auxiliary frame stabilizer bar mounting point fatigue test frock | |
| CN111947946A (en) | Device for Z-shaped guide arm bench test and test method thereof | |
| CN208653346U (en) | A kind of front-suspension installation point cubing | |
| CN110749459B (en) | Auxiliary fastening device for bench test of balance suspension type drive axle assembly | |
| CN202216843U (en) | Gantry doorframe device for fatigue tester | |
| CN111947947B (en) | Automobile suspension front plate spring test bench | |
| CN111122173A (en) | Restraint device for loading white body of cab | |
| CN208140379U (en) | Test tool for automotive suspension performance test | |
| CN217483797U (en) | Rigidity detection device of commercial car power suspension | |
| CN211374083U (en) | Trolley type suspension endurance test tool | |
| CN220903117U (en) | Front axle assembly split charging fixture | |
| CN219805953U (en) | Suspension assembly test fixture and test equipment | |
| CN218885448U (en) | Vehicle shock-proof detection platform | |
| CN215640094U (en) | Durable testboard of back lock | |
| CN219573502U (en) | Engine suspension test tool | |
| CN215865837U (en) | Inertial load reaction type suspension assembly road simulation test system | |
| CN218254673U (en) | Positioning device of pedal bracket | |
| CN210802932U (en) | General frock of suspension system capability test |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |