CN217444515U - Electrical device, in particular microbattery - Google Patents

Electrical device, in particular microbattery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN217444515U
CN217444515U CN202122188631.9U CN202122188631U CN217444515U CN 217444515 U CN217444515 U CN 217444515U CN 202122188631 U CN202122188631 U CN 202122188631U CN 217444515 U CN217444515 U CN 217444515U
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glass
electrical device
electrical
housing
range
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H·哈特尔
B·朗母多尔
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Schott AG
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Schott AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
    • H01G11/18—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors against thermal overloads, e.g. heating, cooling or ventilating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H01G11/80—Gaskets; Sealings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H01M50/133—Thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/191—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H01G11/82—Fixing or assembling a capacitive element in a housing, e.g. mounting electrodes, current collectors or terminals in containers or encapsulations

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical device, in particular an electrical storage device or a sensor housing, preferably a battery, in particular a microbattery or a capacitor, having a feed-through, in particular through a housing part of the device housing, made of metal, in particular made of iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel or premium steel, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium alloy or titanium alloy, wherein the housing part has at least one opening as part of the feed-through, wherein the opening extends around an axis and a first region of the housing part comprises the opening and a second region of the housing part is adjacent to the opening, and the opening contains an electrically conductive material, in particular a conductor, in a glass or glass-ceramic material, wherein the conductor has a pressing force from the opening, wherein the electrically conductive material, in a glass and/or glass-ceramic material, In particular, the glass envelope length L of the conductor is selected to provide a predetermined compressive force.

Description

Electrical device, in particular microbattery
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrical device, in particular an electrical storage device, preferably a battery, in particular a microbattery, and/or a capacitor having a feed-through a housing part, which is made of metal, in particular iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, steel, stainless steel or high-quality steel, wherein the housing part has at least one opening, wherein the opening accommodates a contact element made of an electrically conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material.
Background
Batteries in the present invention are understood to be disposable batteries as well as accumulators which can be disposed of and/or recycled after their discharge. Batteries, preferably lithium ion batteries, are used in various applications, such as portable electronics, mobile phones, motor tools and in particular electric vehicles. The battery can replace traditional energy sources such as lead acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, or nickel metal hydride batteries. Batteries may also be used in sensors or in the internet of things.
In the present invention, a storage device is also understood to be a capacitor, in particular a supercapacitor.
Supercapacitors, also referred to as Supercaps, are well known as electrochemical accumulators with particularly high power densities. Unlike ceramic capacitors, foil capacitors and electrolytic capacitors, supercapacitors do not have a dielectric in the traditional sense. Among them, the principle of memories for static storage of electrical energy by charge separation in double-layer capacitors and electrochemical storage of electrical energy by charge exchange in pseudo capacitors by means of redox reactions is realized.
Supercapacitors include, in particular, hybrid capacitors, in particular lithium ion capacitors. The electrolyte typically contains a solvent, typically a lithium salt, that dissolves the conductive salt. Supercapacitors are preferably used in applications requiring a large number of charge/discharge cycles. The supercapacitors can be used particularly advantageously in the automotive sector, in particular in the sector of braking energy recovery. Other applications are naturally possible and encompassed by the invention.
Lithium ion batteries have been known as storage devices since many years. For this purpose, reference is made, for example, to the "Handbook of Batteries"; david Linden, ed. Secondary, McCrawhill, 1995, chapters 36 and 39.
A number of patents describe various aspects of lithium ion batteries.
Examples are as follows:
US 961,672 a1, US 5,952,126 a1, US 5,900,183 a1, US 5,874,185 a1, US 5,849,434 a1, US 5,853,914 a1 and US 5,773,959 a 1.
Lithium ion batteries, which are used in particular in the automotive environment, usually have a large number of individual battery cells which are connected in series with one another. Battery cells arranged in a row, i.e. connected in series, with one another constitute a so-called battery pack, and a plurality of battery packs then constitute a battery module, which is also referred to as a lithium ion battery. Each individual cell has an electrode that leads out of the housing of the cell. The same applies to the housing of the supercapacitor.
Especially for the application of lithium ion batteries in the automotive environment, a number of problems have to be solved, such as corrosion resistance, resistance in accidents or vibration resistance. Another problem is the long term sealability, especially hermetic sealability.
For example, leaks in the region of the electrode regions of the battery cells or in the region of the electrode feed-throughs in the battery cells and/or in the region of the housing of the capacitor and/or in the region of the housing of the supercapacitor can impair the tightness. Such leakage can be caused, for example, by temperature-and mechanical-variable loads, such as vibrations in the vehicle or degradation of the plastic.
A short circuit or a temperature change of the battery or the battery cell may cause a reduction in the service life of the battery or the battery cell. Equally important is the tightness in case of accidents and/or emergencies.
In order to ensure better resistance in the event of an accident, DE 10105877 a1 proposes, for example, a housing for a lithium ion battery, wherein the housing comprises a metal casing which is open on both sides and closed.
The current connections or electrodes are insulated by plastic. The disadvantages of plastic insulation are limited temperature resistance, limited mechanical resistance, aging over the service life and unreliable sealing.
The current feed-through in lithium ion batteries and capacitors according to the prior art is therefore not installed in a gas-tight manner in, for example, the cover part of the lithium ion battery. In the prior art, it is therefore provided by tests that a maximum of 1 · 10 is generally achieved at a differential pressure of 1bar -6 mbar l s -1 Helium leak rate. Furthermore, the electrodes are pressed and laser welded connection members including additional insulators are provided in the space of the battery.
An alkaline cell is known from DE 2733948 a1, in which an insulator, for example glass or ceramic, is directly connected to a metal component by a fusion bond.
One of the metal parts is electrically connected to the anode of the alkaline cell and the other metal part is electrically connected to the cathode of the alkaline cell. The metal used in DE 2733948 a1 is iron or steel. Light metals such as aluminum are not described in DE 2733948 a 1. The melting temperature of glass or ceramic materials is also not specified in DE 2733948 a 1. The alkaline cell described in DE 2733948 a1 is a cell with an alkaline electrolyte which contains sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide according to DE 2733948 a 1. No lithium ion battery is mentioned in DE 2733948 a 1.
Methods for producing asymmetric organic carboxylic acid esters and for producing anhydrous organic electrolytes for alkaline ion batteries are known from DE 69804378T 2 or EP 0885874B 1. Electrolytes for rechargeable lithium ion batteries are also described in DE 69804378T 2 or EP 0885874B 1.
The material for the battery receptacle accommodating the plated through hole is not described, but only the material for the connection pin, which may be composed of titanium, aluminum, nickel alloy, or stainless steel.
DE 69923805T 2 or EP 0954045B 1 describe an RF feedthrough with improved electrical efficiency. The feed-through known from EP 0954045B 1 does not relate to a glass-metal feed-through. In EP 0954045B 1, a glass-metal feed-through constructed directly in, for example, a metal wall of the package is described as disadvantageous, since such an RF feed-through is not permanent due to the brittleness of the glass.
DE 69023071T 2 or EP 0412655B 1 describe a glass-metal feed-through for a battery or other electrochemical cell, in which approximately 45% by weight of SiO is used 2 Glass and metal, in particular alloys comprising molybdenum and/or chromium and/or nickel. The use of light metals is described in DE 69023071T 2 only rarely, as is the melting temperature or melting temperature of the glass used. The material for the pin-shaped conductors according to DE 69023071T 2 or EP 0412655B 1 is an alloy comprising molybdenum, niobium or tantalum.
A glass-metal feed-through for a lithium ion battery is known from US 7,687,200 a 1. According to US 7,687,200 a1 the housing is made of high-grade steel and the pin-shaped conductor is made of platinum/iridium. Glass TA23 and CABAL-12 are specified as glass materials in US 7,687,200 a 1. CaO-MgO-Al with a melting temperature of 1025 ℃ or 800 ℃ according to US 5,015,530A1 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 Provided is a system. Furthermore, a glass composition for a glass-metal feed-through for a lithium battery is known from US 5,015,530a1, which comprises CaO, Al 2 O 3 、B 2 O 3 SrO and BaO, the melting temperature of the glass composition is in the range of 650 c to 750 c and is therefore too high for use with light metals.
The following publication US 10,910,609B 2 shows a feed-through for battery housings, in particular microbatteries, in which borosilicate glass is used as glass material. CaBAl-12 glass or BaBAl-1 glass is mentioned as a special glass material. The expansion coefficients of the glass material, the substrate and the conductor are not described in US 10,910,609B 2.
A feedthrough is known from US 4,841,101a1, in which a substantially pin-shaped conductor is encapsulated in a metal ring by means of a glass material. The metal ring is then inserted into an opening or a bore of the housing and is connected, in particular materially connected, to the inner wall or the bore by welding or after the insertion of the welding ring. The metal ring is made of a metal having substantially the same or similar coefficient of thermal expansion as the glass material to compensate for the high coefficient of thermal expansion of the aluminum of the battery case. The length of the metal ring in the embodiment described in US 4,841,101a1 is always shorter than the hole or opening in the housing.
Feed-throughs for storage devices through the housing part of the housing are known from WO 2012/167921 a1, WO 2012/110242 a1, WO 2012/110246 a1, WO 2012/110244 a 1. A cross-section of glass or glass-ceramic material passes through the opening in the feedthrough.
DE 2733948 a1 shows a feedthrough through a housing part of a battery, wherein the housing part has at least one opening, wherein the opening comprises an electrically conductive material and a glass or glass ceramic material and the electrically conductive material is designed as a cap element. However, DE 2733948 a1 does not indicate which specific materials the conductor is made of. The thickness or wall thickness of the cap element is also not given in DE 2733948 a 1.
A battery with a feed-through having an opening is known from US 6,190,798 a1, wherein the insulating material of the conductor in the opening may be glass or resin, using a cap-shaped element. The thickness of the wall thickness of the cap-like element is also not given in US 6,190,798 a 1.
US 2015/0364735 a1 shows a battery having a cap-like lid with an area of reduced thickness as a safety vent in the event of a pressure overload.
An overpressure protection of conical design is known from WO 2014/176533 a 1. The use in batteries is not described in WO 2014/176533 a 1.
DE 102007063188 a1 shows a battery with at least one single unit enclosed by a housing and a housing-like overpressure protection in the form of one or more pre-break points or one or more safety disks.
US 6,433,276a1 shows a feed-through in which the metallic housing part, the conductor and the glass material have substantially the same coefficient of expansion.
CN209691814 discloses a housing for an electrical storage device, which housing is explosion-proof.
DE 102014016601 a1 shows a housing component, in particular a battery or capacitor housing with a feedthrough, in which a conductor, in particular a substantially pin-shaped conductor in a glass or glass-ceramic material with an outer dimension of the glass material and a glass encapsulation length, passes through a feedthrough opening, wherein the component has a reinforcement in the region of the feedthrough opening, which reinforcement comprises a component through-hole thickness, wherein the component through-hole thickness is greater than the component thickness and the reinforcement has a reinforcement outer dimension.
A housing component is known from EP 3588606 a1, which comprises at least two bodies made of light metal. According to EP 3588606 a1, the first body is a light metal and the second body is a light metal with a weld promoting material, in particular in the form of an alloy constituent of the light metal. A welded connection is constructed between the first body and the second body.
DE 102013006463 a1 shows a cell feed-through, preferably for a lithium-ion cell, preferably a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, having at least one base body which has at least one opening through which at least one conductor, in particular a substantially pin-shaped conductor, passes in an electrically insulating material, which comprises or consists of sealing glass, wherein the base body comprises a light metal and/or a light metal alloy, preferably selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys or AlSiC. The sealing glass according to DE 102013006463 a1 is a titanate glass with a low phosphate content.
DE 102017221426 a1 shows a special type of feed-through. The feed-through known from DE 102017221426 a1 comprises a plurality of conductors which are glass-encapsulated in openings, wherein the plurality of glass-encapsulated conductors are connected by flat conductors.
WO 2020/104571 a1 shows an electrical storage device with a feed-through which is introduced into a cell-lid part with a flange. Furthermore, it is known from published WO 2020/104571 a1 to provide a flexible flange in the region of the feed-through.
DE 112012000900B 4 describes glasses, in particular solder glasses, for feed-throughs, which comprise the following components (in mol%):
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA0003586774280000051
the glass of DE 112012000900B 4 is free of lead except for impurities.
A disadvantage of all electrical devices, in particular storage devices, from the prior art is that the known electrical devices, in particular storage devices, do not have a compact housing. This results in a storage device having a large size, in particular a large height. Another problem in electrical devices with conventional feedthroughs is the use of plastic for the electrical insulation. DE 2733948 a1 thus describes, for example, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene as insulating material. A further disadvantage is that the pressing force on the metal pins introduced into the insulating material is very low.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an electrical device, in particular a storage device, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
In particular, a compact and sealed storage device with small dimensions is to be provided, which can be used as a microbattery and preferably has sufficient sealing properties. Sufficient sealing should also be achieved when the material is heated by laser welding. Furthermore, the contact pressure should be sufficiently high and, in the event of damage, a safe venting function should be provided for the conductor under overpressure.
A smaller housing thickness should also be achieved, which, in addition to compactness, also saves material. Furthermore, a reliable electrical insulation of the conductors, in particular of the metal pins, which are introduced into the through-holes of the housing should be provided. In this connection, it is an object to provide a storage device which is itself of compact construction, so that as much space as possible is provided in the interior of the housing, whereby the battery and/or the capacitor can have as high a capacity as possible. Furthermore, a storage device with a feed-through according to the invention is to be particularly suitable for micro batteries. The present invention therefore also describes a hermetically sealed device in the form of a microbattery with a feed-through as shown in the present application.
Typical applications of micro batteries are e.g. active RFID and/or medical devices, such as hearing aids, blood pressure sensors and/or wireless headsets. The term is frequently used herein and is at the same time generally known. The micro battery is also suitable for the internet of things.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by an electrical device, in particular a storage device, as follows. The electrical device, in particular an electrical storage device or a sensor housing, preferably a battery, in particular a microbattery or a capacitor, has a feed-through, in particular through a housing part (1) of the housing of the device, which is made of metal, in particular of iron, an iron alloy, an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel or premium steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, a magnesium alloy or titanium or a titanium alloy, wherein the housing part (1) has at least one opening (3) as part of the feed-through, wherein the opening (3) extends around an axis and a first region of the housing part comprises the opening and a second region of the housing part is adjacent to the opening, and the opening accommodates an electrically conductive material, in particular a conductor (5), in a glass or glass-ceramic material (7), wherein the conductor has a pressing force from the opening (3), wherein the glass encapsulation length L (L1, L1a, L1b) of the electrically conductive material, in particular of the conductor (5), in the glass and/or glass-ceramic material (7) is selected to provide a predetermined compressive force.
According to the utility model discloses a conductor glass encapsulation length in glass or glass ceramic material changes into just for provide the extrusion force of predetermineeing. Preferably, the feed-through has an inner side and an outer side. The inside is the side pointing towards the interior of the storage device or battery when the feed-through is configured as a lid part of the electrical device, i.e. the inside of the feed-through closes the interior of the battery from the outside. The outside of the feed-through is the side of the lid pointing outwards, i.e. towards the environment.
It is particularly preferred that the pressing force provided by the length of the glass encapsulation is in the range from 10N to 200N, in particular from 20N to 110N, in particular from 40N to 60N.
In particular, in an advantageous embodiment, the glass encapsulation in the glass encapsulation plane no longer corresponds to the lid plane of the feedthrough.
Particularly preferably, the glass encapsulation relates to a pressure glass encapsulation, i.e. the coefficient of expansion α of the housing material 3 Is always larger than the expansion coefficient alpha of the glass material 2 。
Electrical devices, in particular storage devices, comprise feedthroughs with openings in which conductors, also referred to as contact elements, are glass-encapsulated.
The conductive material, especially the conductor has a structure of preferably 11.10 -6 Coefficient of expansion alpha of 1/K 1 . Coefficient of expansion alpha of glass or glass-ceramic material 2 Preferably between 9 and 11.10 -6 Coefficient of expansion alpha in the range of 1/K and of housing parts, in particular of plate parts 3 In the range of 12 to 19.10 -6 1/K.
High coefficient of expansion alpha through the housing material, in particular the plate part 3 Stresses are built up on the glass material by the plate members and a pressure glass package is provided.
Relative to the coefficient of expansion alpha 1 、α 2 、α 3 The substantially identical, matched feedthrough, pressure glass encapsulation has the advantage that leaks which can occur in the matched feedthrough after the laser welding process are reliably avoided, since always a prestress is applied to the pressure glass encapsulation by the housing part surrounding the opening.
An electrical device, in particular an electrical storage device or sensor housing, preferably a battery, in particular a microbattery or capacitor, having a feed-through a housing part in the form of a plate part, according to the invention has a material size or thickness preferably in the range of 0.1mm to 1mm, preferably 0.15mm to 0.8mm, in particular 0.15mm to 0.6 mm. As material for the housing part or the plate part and/or the conductor, metals are used, in particular iron, iron alloys, iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, KOVAR (iron-nickel-cobalt alloys), steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, AlSiC, magnesium alloys, copper or titanium alloys. The housing part has at least one opening as part of the feedthrough, wherein the opening accommodates a conductor of electrically conductive material, in particular made of electrically conductive material, in a glass or glass-ceramic material.
Particularly preferred materials for the housing parts, in particular the plate parts, are duplex high-quality steels or austenitic high-quality steels.
The dual phase high quality steel is a steel having a two-phase structure, which is composed of a ferrite (α -iron) matrix and austenite islands. Duplex high quality steels combine the properties of stainless chromium steels (ferrite and martensite) and stainless chromium nickel steels (austenite). Duplex quality steel has higher strength than stainless chromium nickel steel, but is more ductile than stainless chromium steel. The expansion coefficient of the dual-phase high-quality steel is alpha 3 ≈15·10 -6 1/K, the coefficient of expansion of the austenitic high-quality steel is alpha 3 ≈18·10 -6 1/K。
The conductor is preferably made of ferritic high-quality steel and is constructed to have an alpha 1 10 to 11.10 -6 A ferritic high-quality steel pin with an expansion coefficient of 1/K. The glass material preferably has an expansion coefficient alpha 2 In the range of 9 to 11.10 -6 A glass material in the 1/K range.
In a preferred embodiment, the electrical device comprises or is connected to a flexible flange.
The flexible flange preferably comprises a connection region for connecting a housing part, in particular a plate part with an opening, having a conductor encapsulated in glass or glass-ceramic material to a housing, for example a housing of a storage device. The connection of the housing part comprising the feedthrough to the housing can be effected by welding, in particular laser welding, but also by soldering. The connection, for example by welding, is such that the helium leakage rate is less than 1 · 10 at a differential pressure of 1bar -8 mbar l/s. The helium leakage rate is thus the same as that of a glass-encapsulated conductor and provides a hermetically sealed housing for a storage device, in particular a battery.
The pressure acting on the glass material can be reliably compensated for on the basis of the free space in the flexible flange, for example between the upright edge providing the glass encapsulation lengths L1, L1a and L1b and the connection region to the adjoining housing. The flexibility of the flange prevents, for example, glass breakage in the event of temperature fluctuations or compensates for tensile and compressive stresses caused by laser welding.
A particularly compact electrical storage device is provided when the electrical storage device has a total height of at most 40mm, preferably at most 20mm, particularly preferably at most 5mm, particularly at most 4mm, preferably at most 3mm, particularly in the range from 1mm to 40mm, particularly preferably in the range from 1mm to 5mm, preferably 1mm to 3mm, as is the case with micro batteries.
The diameter of such a microbattery is in the range from 20mm to 3mm, in particular in the range from 8mm to 16 mm.
The glass or glass-ceramic material may comprise fillers, which serve in particular to regulate the thermal expansion of the glass or glass-ceramic material.
As the glass or glass-ceramic material, it is preferable to use one having Al as a main component 2 O 3 、B 2 O 3 BaO and SiO 2 The aluminoborosilicate glass of (1). Preferably, the glass material has an expansion coefficient in the range of 9.0 to 9.5ppm/K or 9.0 to 9.5-10 -6 1/K and thus in the range of the expansion coefficient of the metal forming the housing and/or the metal pin. The so-called expansion coefficient is advantageous mainly when high-quality steels, in particular ferritic or austenitic high-quality steels or dual-phase high-quality steels, are used. In this case, the high-quality steel has a similar expansion coefficient to aluminoborosilicate glass.
The pretensioning force of the pressure glass encapsulation is essentially determined by the different coefficients of expansion of the materials of the housing parts, in particular of the plate parts. In order to apply sufficient prestress, the coefficient of expansion α of the housing or plate part 3 Coefficient of expansion alpha to glass material 2 And/or coefficient of expansion alpha of the conductor 1 Maximum of 6.10 -6 1/K。
It is particularly advantageous to provide a safety venting function by determining the length of the glass package of the pressing force of the pin.
The safety venting function of the pin or the conductor means that the opening of the battery can be adjusted in the event of damage in the event of an overpressure in the battery. Other control schemes for influencing the opening force of the pins or conductors of the glass package are to vary the thickness of the glass package, use different glass materials, use glass materials with different bubble proportions in the glass, structure the glass surface by shaping of the glass shaped piece before the glass package, structure the glass surface by shaping of the glass shaped piece during the glass package, structure the glass surface by laser treatment after the glass package. The structuring of the glass surface can be carried out, for example, by introducing one or more notches and/or narrowing.
This safety venting function can also be achieved by grooving and/or narrowing of the pins and/or the base body of the glass encapsulation. The foregoing measures may be taken alone or in combination. The structuring, in particular the introduction of the grooving and/or narrowing, can take place in the glass, the housing part and/or the conductor on one side of the housing part or the base body having an upper side and a lower side or on both sides, i.e. not only on the upper side but also on the lower side, i.e. both sides.
The structuring of the glass material for the safety vent function has the advantage that the glass is precisely dimensioned as a shaped body, so that the trigger point of the safety vent function can be adjusted very precisely. It is particularly preferred for the safety venting function to introduce the recess into the glass material, for example, by means of a laser. The pressing force of the conductor and the trigger point can then be set in a targeted manner independently of the glass density and/or the thickness of the substrate, i.e. the ring thickness.
According to the invention, the extrusion force or the pressing force of the conductor is influenced by the length of the glass encapsulation and/or the formation of the crescent (Meniski).
The safety venting function of the conductor can be used to regulate the opening of the storage device, in particular of a battery, under overpressure in the event of damage.
Drawings
The invention shall be described below with reference to the drawings and is not limited thereto.
In the figure:
fig. 1a to 1d show a housing part, in particular a battery cover, having an opening for the glass encapsulation of a conductor, wherein the glass encapsulation is carried out over the entire length L of the opening.
Fig. 2a to 2c show a housing part, in particular a battery cover, having an opening for the glass encapsulation of the conductor, wherein the glass encapsulation is carried out only over a portion of the length L1 of the opening.
Fig. 3 shows the housing parts, in particular the battery cover, with different glass encapsulation lengths L1, L1a, L1 b.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1a to 1c show different views of a housing part designed as a cover part 1, wherein the housing part 1 has an opening 3 into which a conductor 5 is glass-encapsulated by means of a glass or glass-ceramic material 7. The cover part 1 is in the region of the opening a cover part which is bent upwards in the form of a flexible flange 9 and which provides a glass encapsulation over a length L. The length L is therefore also referred to as the glass package length. The glass package length L substantially determines the compressive force that occurs from the inside 20 to the outside 30 of the battery.
The length L is therefore also referred to as the glass package length L.
Fig. 1b and 1c again show the glass encapsulation in the opening of the cover member over a length L in detail, as shown in fig. 1 a. The same components as in fig. 1a are denoted by the same reference numerals in fig. 1b and 1 c. Fig. 1c additionally shows a conductor 5 in relation to fig. 1 b. In the design shown in fig. 1a to 1d, it is important that the cover plane DE substantially coincides with the glass encapsulation plane EE, i.e. that the glass encapsulation is implemented in the opening up to a height determined by the cover plane DE. Fig. 1d is a top view of a cover with a glass encapsulated conductor 5 in a glass material 7 according to the invention. Like components are provided with like reference numerals.
Fig. 2a-2 b show an improved embodiment of the invention, wherein the glass encapsulation length is selected according to the invention such that a predetermined pressing force out of the opening is provided. Fig. 2a shows the entire cover part 1 with the glass-encapsulated conductor 5 as in fig. 1 a. The conductor 5 is glass-encapsulated in an opening 3, which is provided by a flexible flange 9. In contrast to the embodiment according to fig. 1a, the glass encapsulation length does not extend over the entire length of the conductor, but only over the reduced length L1. In the embodiment of fig. 2a, the cover plane DE does not correspond to the glass encapsulation plane EE due to the reduced glass encapsulation length L1, but rather the cover plane DE and the glass encapsulation plane EE are offset relative to one another by a length L2. This can be seen particularly clearly in fig. 2 b. The same reference numerals are used here for the same components as in fig. 2 a. The reduced glass package length L1 is clearly visible relative to the glass package length in fig. 1 a. The difference of the glass encapsulation plane EE with respect to the cover plane DE is furthermore apparent from fig. 2 b. This difference is indicated in fig. 2b by L2 as in fig. 2 a. Glass sealing was carried out here at a glass sealing length L1 of 0.3 mm. The height L3 of the bottom of the lid from the upper edge of the glass-encapsulated conductor was 0.55 mm. The deviation L2 between the cover plane DE and the glass encapsulation plane EE is therefore 0.25mm in this case.
Fig. 2c shows a top view of the embodiment according to fig. 2a to 2b, wherein identical components are provided with the same reference numerals, i.e. the glass material is provided with reference numeral 7 and the conductor is provided with reference numeral 5.
Fig. 3 shows glass packages having different glass package lengths L1, L1a, L1 b. The same components as in principle fig. 2a are provided with the same reference numerals, i.e. the conductor is provided with reference numeral 5 and the glass or glass material is provided with reference numeral 7. Furthermore, the flexible flange 9, which is glass-encapsulated over different lengths L1, L1a, L1b, can be clearly seen. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the different glass package lengths are 0.3mm for length L1, 0.35mm for length L1a, and 0.4mm for length L1 b. The length of the glass encapsulation of 0.4mm is significantly shorter than the entire distance of the upper edge of the glass encapsulation from the plane of the lid, which is 0.55mm here.
The different glass package lengths, i.e. glass lengths L1, L1a and L1b, as shown in fig. 3, provide pressing forces of the conductor 5 from the glass package of different strengths, i.e. different degrees of pressing forces of the glass package conductor are provided in a simple manner by means of different glass package lengths according to the invention. In particular, the safety venting function is triggered at different pressures depending on the length of the glass encapsulation.
The feed-through according to the invention is used in particular for the housing of an electrical storage device, in particular a battery or a capacitor. The very flat feedthrough for an electrical storage device makes it possible to provide an electrical storage device, i.e. a microbattery, having an overall structural height of at most 5 mm.
A hermetically sealed feedthrough is provided by a pressure glass encapsulation of the conductors in a glass material.
Higher pin or conductor extrusion forces are achieved especially when using flexible flange designs as pressure glass encapsulation, especially when using dual phase high quality or austenitic steel. The flexible flange design as a pressure glass encapsulation can also mechanically withstand higher loads than conventional glass encapsulation and exhibits higher compressive forces on the conductors of the glass encapsulation.

Claims (31)

1. An electrical device having a feed-through a housing part (1) of a housing of the device, the housing part being made of metal, wherein the housing part (1) has at least one opening (3) as part of the feed-through, wherein the opening (3) extends around an axis and a first region of the housing part comprises the opening and a second region of the housing part is adjacent to the opening, and the opening contains an electrically conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material (7), wherein the electrically conductive material has a pressing force from the opening (3),
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the glass package length (L, L1, L1a, L1b) of the electrically conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material (7) is selected to provide a predetermined compressive force.
2. The electrical device of claim 1, wherein the electrical device is an electrical storage device or a sensor housing.
3. The electrical device of claim 1, wherein the electrical device is a battery or a capacitor.
4. The electrical device of claim 1, wherein the electrical device is a microbattery.
5. The electrical device of claim 1, wherein the housing component is made of iron, an iron alloy, KOVAR, steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, a magnesium alloy, or titanium or a titanium alloy.
6. The electrical device of claim 5, wherein the housing component is made of an iron-nickel alloy.
7. The electrical device of claim 5, wherein the housing component is made of a fe — ni-co alloy.
8. The electrical device of claim 5, wherein the housing component is made of stainless steel or stainless steel.
9. An electric device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive material is a conductor (5).
10. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the compression force is a compression force from the inside (20) of the feedthrough.
11. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the pressing force is in the range of 10N to 200N.
12. The electrical apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the pressing force is a pressing force from an inner side.
13. The electrical apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the pressing force is in a range of 20N to 110N.
14. The electrical apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the pressing force is in a range of 40N to 60N.
15. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the glass encapsulation takes place in a glass encapsulation plane (EE) and the housing part with the opening comprises a cover in a cover plane (DE), and the cover plane (DE) differs from the glass encapsulation plane (EE).
16. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the conductive material has a first coefficient of expansion alpha 1 The glass or glass-ceramic material has a second coefficient of expansion alpha 2 And the shell component has a third coefficient of expansion alpha 3 Wherein the third expansion coefficient α 3 Is always larger than the second expansion coefficient alpha 2 。
17. The electrical device of claim 16, wherein the electrical device is a single-phase electrical device,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the third expansion coefficient alpha 3 At 12. 10 -6 1/K to 19.10 -6 1/K and the second expansion coefficient alpha 2 At 9 to 10 -6 1/K to 11.10 -6 1/K.
18. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the glass material is aluminoborosilicate glass.
19. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the electrical device has a total structural height of at most 40 mm.
20. The electrical apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electrical apparatus has an overall structural height of up to 20 mm.
21. The electrical apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electrical apparatus has an overall structural height of up to 5 mm.
22. The electrical apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electrical apparatus has an overall structural height of up to 4 mm.
23. The electrical apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electrical apparatus has an overall structural height of up to 3 mm.
24. The electrical apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electrical apparatus has an overall structural height in a range of 1mm to 40 mm.
25. The electrical apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electrical apparatus has an overall structural height in a range of 1mm to 5 mm.
26. The electrical apparatus of claim 19, wherein the electrical apparatus has an overall structural height in a range of 1mm to 3 mm.
27. The electrical device of claim 9, wherein the electrical device is a single-phase electrical device,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the housing part comprises a flexible flange (9).
28. The electrical device of any one of claims 1 to 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the housing member is a battery cover member having a thickness, wherein the thickness is in a range of 0.1mm to 1 mm.
29. The electrical device of claim 28, wherein the thickness is in a range of 0.1mm to 0.6 mm.
30. The electrical device as set forth in claim 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the electrical device has one or more of the following features:
-the electrical device comprises at least two glass materials;
-the glass or glass-ceramic material (7) comprises gas bubbles;
-the glass material has a structured glass surface;
the glass material has a notch or narrowing on one or both sides;
there are notches or narrowing in the conductor and/or the housing or housing part or base body.
31. The electrical device of claim 27, wherein the electrical device is a single-phase electrical device,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the metal of the housing and/or the conductor and/or the flexible flange
-is a coefficient of expansion of 10 to 12 · 10 -6 K -1 Ferritic high-quality steel in the range;
-is a coefficient of expansion of 12 to 13.10 -6 K -1 Ordinary steel in the range;
-is a coefficient of expansion in the range 13 to 14.10 -6 K -1 Dual phase high quality steel in the range;
-is a coefficient of expansion in the range 16 to 18 · 10 -6 K -1 Austenitic high-grade steel in the range.
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