CN217418309U

CN217418309U - Novel columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double-chamber communicated membraneless microbial fuel cell

Info

Publication number: CN217418309U
Application number: CN202221531632.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高常飞; 陆婧; 杨惠琛; 江冬梅; 刘雨婷
Original assignee: Yantai University
Current assignee: Yantai University
Priority date: 2022-06-16
Filing date: 2022-06-16
Publication date: 2022-09-13
Anticipated expiration: 2032-06-16

Abstract

The application discloses a novel columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double-chamber communicated membraneless microbial fuel cell, which comprises an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, wherein the anode chamber is positioned at the bottom of the cathode chamber; graphite and activated carbon conductive particles are filled in the anode chamber, and the upper end of the cathode chamber is of an open structure; an anode electrode is arranged in the anode chamber, a cathode electrode is arranged in the cathode chamber, and an external resistor is arranged between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; the anode chamber is provided with a liquid inlet pipe, and the cathode chamber is provided with an overflow pipe. The traditional proton exchange membrane between two chambers of the MFC battery is removed, and the non-woven fabric and the activated carbon are filled between the two chambers, so that the technical problems of high cost, unstable output energy and the like of the traditional proton exchange membrane of the microbial fuel cell are solved; and the plug flow type mode is adopted for water inlet, so that the inflowing wastewater is fully contacted with microorganisms from top to bottom, and the effluent quality is further improved.

Description

Novel columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double-chamber communicated membraneless microbial fuel cell

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of wastewater resource utilization and new energy development, in particular to a novel columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double-chamber communicated membraneless microbial fuel cell.

Background

In recent years, Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) have attracted much attention from researchers at home and abroad as an environmentally friendly device, and the results of laboratory-scale research have been numerous. The wastewater contains rich organic matters which can be completely used as biomass raw materials of MFC (microbial fuel cell) to supply electricity-producing microorganisms, the electricity-producing microorganisms in the microbial fuel cell convert chemical energy into electric energy through metabolism, and the electric energy can be output through an external circuit, so that double benefits of wastewater treatment and electric energy production are realized.

For the most studied and typical double-chamber MFC, in order to ensure the relative independence of the two electrodes, the two chambers are usually separated by a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM), but the price of the PEM is high, so that the internal resistance of the reactor is increased, and the electricity generation efficiency of the MFC is influenced. The single-chamber MFC has simple structure, its cathode chamber and anode chamber are in same reaction chamber and positioned on two sides, and the cathode and PEM are pressed together into a whole body by means of hot-pressing method, and O in the air is ₂ The oxygen is directly transmitted to the cathode, aeration is not needed during operation, the cost is greatly reduced, the electricity generating performance of the structure is better, but because the distance between the anode and the cathode is too small, if PEM is not adopted, oxygen is easy to directly diffuse to the anode, and the anaerobic microorganisms in the anode chamber are influenced.

With the development of industry, the discharge of dye wastewater is increasing day by day, if the dye wastewater is discharged after being treated improperly, the ecological balance is damaged, methyl orange is taken as a representative azo dye and is widely applied to the industrial fields of printing and dyeing textiles and the like at present, the wastewater has the characteristics of deep chroma, difficult biodegradation, biological toxicity and the like, and if the dye wastewater is directly discharged into a water body, the human health is seriously harmed. In recent years, common treatment methods for the wastewater comprise a physical adsorption method, a biodegradation method, a membrane separation method, a photocatalytic oxidation method and the like, while the physical adsorption method and the chemical oxidation method can effectively degrade dye wastewater, the operation cost is high, secondary pollution is easily caused, and the MFC technology utilizes anode microorganisms to degrade organic matters in the dye wastewater, is clean and free of secondary pollution, can generate electric energy, and has good application prospect in the aspect of degrading the dye wastewater.

At present, no report is provided about a novel columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double-chamber communicated membraneless microbial fuel cell, and no researcher applies the novel microbial fuel cell process to dye wastewater treatment.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

This application is not enough to prior art existence, provide a novel columnar is pushed away two rooms of STREAMING intercommunication membraneless microbial fuel cell against current, get rid of the traditional proton exchange membrane between MFC battery two rooms, non-woven fabrics and active carbon are packed into between two rooms, it is with high costs to have solved traditional microbial fuel cell proton exchange membrane, technical problem such as output energy unstability, adopt simultaneously to push away STREAMING mode and intake, make the waste water top-down who flows in fully contact with the microorganism, further improve water quality.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a novel columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double-chamber communicated membraneless microbial fuel cell comprises an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, wherein the anode chamber is positioned at the bottom of the cathode chamber, non-woven fabric is arranged between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, activated carbon is placed on the non-woven fabric, and a top flange plate with a hole is arranged at the upper part of the activated carbon; graphite and activated carbon conductive particles are filled in the anode chamber, and the upper end of the cathode chamber is of an open structure; an anode electrode is arranged in the anode chamber, a cathode electrode is arranged in the cathode chamber, and an external resistor is arranged between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; a liquid inlet pipe is arranged on the anode chamber, and an overflow pipe is arranged on the cathode chamber.

By adopting the technical scheme, the organic wastewater containing methyl orange to be treated is pumped into the anode chamber at the bottom by the liquid inlet pipe, the mixed filler of graphite and activated carbon conductive particles in the anode chamber can be used as an MFC biological anode and also used as an electrogenesis microorganism biofilm formation filler, so that the indoor high biological activity is maintained, the attachment area of anaerobic microorganisms in the anode chamber is greatly increased, the biomass is improved, the anaerobic microorganisms attached to the activated carbon degrade pollutants in the wastewater and convert chemical energy into electric energy, and the effluent quality of the system is improved; the wastewater passes through the anode chamber and then upwards passes through the non-woven fabrics which simultaneously obstruct the diffusion of dissolved oxygen and anions in the cathode chamber to the anode chamber and maintain the aerobic state of the cathode chamber and the anaerobic state of the anode chamber; the activated carbon on the non-woven fabric can further filter the wastewater flowing out of the anode chamber, and a top flange plate with holes above the activated carbon is used for preventing the activated carbon from entering the cathode chamber along with water flow; the cathode chamber is directly contacted with air, and no additional aeration equipment is needed, so that the system operation cost is obviously reduced; the reactor removes the traditional proton exchange membrane between two chambers of the MFC battery, is designed into a membrane reactor-free structure, solves the technical problems of high cost, unstable output energy and the like of the traditional microbial fuel cell proton exchange membrane, reduces the internal resistance of the reactor, and improves the electricity generation efficiency; and in addition, a plug flow type water inlet mode is adopted, wastewater enters the reactor from bottom to top, the wastewater can be fully contacted with the electrogenic bacteria in the anode chamber, a good water treatment effect is obtained, and the removal rate of methyl orange is high.

Furthermore, a bottom flange plate with holes is arranged between the top of the anode chamber and the non-woven fabric, the non-woven fabric is arranged on the bottom flange plate, and an annular partition plate is arranged between the bottom flange plate and the top flange plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the bottom ring flange can play certain supporting role to non-woven fabrics and active carbon, reduces the non-woven fabrics damage, guarantees the result of use of non-woven fabrics and active carbon, and annular baffle plays the effect of separating anode chamber and cathode chamber, makes non-woven fabrics and active carbon be located between anode chamber and the cathode chamber.

Further, the top and the bottom ring flange of anode chamber can be dismantled and be connected, the bottom ring flange can be dismantled with the bottom of annular partition plate and be connected, the top and the top ring flange of annular partition plate can be dismantled and be connected, the top ring flange can be dismantled with the bottom of cathode chamber and be connected.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, realized from bottom to top that anode chamber, bottom ring flange, annular baffle, top ring flange and cathode chamber can dismantle between two liang and be connected, be convenient for dismantle, clear up and change.

Further, the top and the bottom ring flange screw thread of anode chamber are connected, the bottom ring flange is connected with the bottom screw thread of annular baffle, the top and the top ring flange screw thread of annular baffle are connected, the top ring flange is connected with the bottom screw thread of cathode chamber.

By adopting the technical scheme, the connection of the screw thread connection is stable, the disassembly is convenient, the sealing effect is good, and the normal operation of the microbial fuel cell can be ensured.

Further, the liquid inlet pipe is positioned at the bottom of the anode chamber, and the overflow pipe is positioned at the top of the cathode chamber.

By adopting the technical scheme, the organic wastewater entering the anode chamber passes through the graphite and the activated carbon conductive particles as much as possible, and the organic wastewater entering the cathode chamber passes through the cathode chamber as much as possible, is fully treated and then automatically overflows from the overflow pipe.

Further, the mixing volume ratio of graphite and active carbon conductive particles in the anode chamber is 1: (1-5) the filling rate is 100%.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can full play graphite and active carbon conductive particle's effect, graphite and active carbon conductive particle are as MFC biological anode, and the microorganism that produces electricity hangs the membrane filler simultaneously, maintain indoor high biological activity, greatly increased in the anode chamber anaerobe's attached area, the biomass obtains improving, attached anaerobe on the active carbon degrades pollutant in the waste water and turns into the electric energy with chemical energy, has promoted the play water quality of water of system.

Further, the anode electrode is a graphite rod, and the cathode electrode is a conductive substrate catalytic film.

By adopting the technical scheme, the conductive substrate catalytic membrane serves as a single-stage MFC cathode electrode and also serves as a filtering unit of the electric membrane bioreactor.

Furthermore, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are both connected with a data collection system through titanium wire leading-out.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are:

(1) the traditional proton exchange membrane between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber of the MFC is removed in an innovative way, and is designed into a membrane-free structure, so that the technical problems of high cost, unstable output energy and the like of the traditional proton exchange membrane of the microbial fuel cell are solved, the internal resistance of the reactor is reduced, and the electricity generation efficiency is improved;

(2) the wastewater enters the reactor from bottom to top by adopting a plug flow type water inlet mode, so that the wastewater can be fully contacted with the electrogenic bacteria in the anode chamber, a good water treatment effect is obtained, and the removal rate of methyl orange is high;

(3) the detachable flange plate is adopted for supporting, the two MFC chambers mutually form two-way intercommunication transfer of protons, the section of a transmission channel of the protons between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber is greatly expanded, the proton transfer efficiency can be obviously improved, the electrochemical reaction rate of an electrode reaction interface is effectively improved, and the transfer efficiency of electrons between the two MFCs is improved;

(4) the dye wastewater is communicated with the membrane-free MFC through the columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double chambers, so that the treatment of the pollutant MFC is realized, the degradation efficiency of the dye wastewater is high, and the removal efficiency of methyl orange is synchronously improved through the alternate treatment of anaerobic and aerobic processes;

(5) according to the structural design of the columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double-chamber communicated membraneless microbial fuel cell, all functional components are made of cheap materials, the operation is simple and convenient, the engineering applicability is strong, the continuous and efficient treatment of dye wastewater is realized, the pollution-resistant load capacity is strong according to the system load and the effluent quality increase and decrease reaction module, the wastewater treatment cost is low, and the continuous economic operation can be realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a line graph showing the sampling times and the methyl orange removal rate for different concentrations of methyl orange in the present application.

Description of reference numerals: 1. an anode chamber; 2. a cathode chamber; 3. non-woven fabrics; 4. activated carbon; 5. a top flange plate; 6. a liquid inlet pipe; 7. an overflow pipe; 8. a bottom flange plate; 9. an annular partition plate; 10. a base.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying fig. 1-3, which are provided by way of example only to illustrate the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application.

The embodiment of the application discloses a novel columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double-chamber communicated membraneless microbial fuel cell. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the microbial fuel cell includes an anode chamber 1 and a cathode chamber 2 made of organic glass, the anode chamber 1 is located at the bottom of the cathode chamber 2, and a non-woven fabric 3 is disposed between the anode chamber 1 and the cathode chamber 2 instead of a conventional proton exchange membrane. Graphite and activated carbon 4 conductive particles (not shown in the figure) are filled in the anode chamber 1, and can be used as an MFC biological anode and an electrogenesis microorganism biofilm formation filler to degrade pollutants in wastewater and convert chemical energy into electric energy. The non-woven fabric 3 is provided with activated carbon 4 with a filling rate of 100%, and wastewater flowing out of the anode chamber 1 is further filtered. By adopting a plug flow type water inlet mode, the wastewater enters the reactor from bottom to top, so that the wastewater can be fully contacted with the electrogenic bacteria in the anode chamber 1, a good water treatment effect is obtained, and the removal rate of methyl orange is high.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a base 10 is connected to the bottom of an anode chamber 1, a liquid inlet pipe 6 is fixedly arranged on the anode chamber 1, the liquid inlet pipe 6 penetrates through the base 10 and is connected with the bottom of the anode chamber 1, and an overflow pipe 7 is fixedly arranged at the top of a cathode chamber 2, so that organic wastewater entering the anode chamber 1 passes through graphite and activated carbon 4 conductive particles as much as possible, passes through the cathode chamber 2 as much as possible, and automatically overflows from the overflow pipe 7 after being fully processed.

The calomel reference electrode and the anode electrode are inserted under the filling material of the graphite and the active carbon 4 conductive particles in the anode chamber 1, and the anode electrode is a graphite rod. A cathode electrode is arranged in the cathode chamber 2, the cathode electrode is a carbon fiber conductive substrate catalytic membrane module, and the carbon fiber conductive substrate catalytic membrane module serves as a single-stage MFC cathode electrode and also serves as an electric membrane bioreactor filter unit. The cathode chamber 2 is also used as an electric membrane bioreactor, the conductive base membrane is pressed into a flat membrane component, the water outlet flow of the membrane component is regulated by a negative pressure suction pump, the outlet of the membrane component is connected with a vacuum pressure gauge, and the transmembrane pressure difference of the membrane component is monitored in real time; the water outlet flowmeter controls the water yield, and a Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH value online monitoring probe is preset in the cathode chamber 2 to monitor the DO value in real time. An external resistor is arranged between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, and both the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are connected with a data collecting system through a titanium wire.

The particle size of graphite and active carbon 4 conductive particles in the anode chamber 1 is 3-5mm, and the mixing volume ratio is 1: 2, the filling rate is 100%, can full play graphite and the effect of the 4 conductive particles of active carbon, graphite and the 4 conductive particles of active carbon are as MFC biological anode, and as producing the electricity microorganism biofilm carrier filler simultaneously, maintain indoor high biological activity, greatly increased in the anode chamber 1 anaerobe's attached area, the biomass obtains improving, the last attached anaerobe of active carbon 4 degrades pollutant in the waste water and turns into the electric energy with chemical energy, has promoted the play water quality of system.

Referring to fig. 2, a bottom flange 8 with holes is arranged between the top of the anode chamber 1 and the non-woven fabric 3, and the non-woven fabric 3 is arranged on the bottom flange 8, so that the bottom flange 8 can support the non-woven fabric 3 and the activated carbon 4 to a certain extent, the damage of the non-woven fabric 3 is reduced, and the using effect of the non-woven fabric 3 and the activated carbon 4 is ensured. And the graphite and the filler of the active carbon 4 conductive particles in the anode chamber 1 can be sealed and compacted by a bottom flange 8, so that the filler is prevented from flowing out along with a treatment medium.

Referring to fig. 2, an annular partition 9 is disposed on the top of the bottom flange 8, a top flange 5 with holes is disposed on the top of the annular partition 9, and the top flange 5 is connected to the bottom of the cathode chamber 2, so that the annular partition 9 is disposed between the bottom flange 8 and the top flange 5, and the anode chamber 1 and the cathode chamber 2 are separated. The non-woven fabrics 3 and the activated carbon 4 are positioned in the annular partition plate 9, the activated carbon 4 is filled between the non-woven fabrics 3 and the top flange plate 5, and the top flange plate 5 is used for preventing the activated carbon 4 from entering the cathode chamber 2 along with water flow.

Referring to fig. 2, the upper end of the cathode chamber 2 is open, so that the cathode chamber 2 is in direct contact with air, and an additional aeration device is not required, thereby significantly reducing the system operation cost.

Referring to fig. 2, the top of anode chamber 1 is connected with 8 screw threads of bottom ring flange (namely threaded connection), bottom ring flange 8 is connected with the bottom screw thread of annular partition plate 9, the top of annular partition plate 9 is connected with 5 screw threads of top ring flange, top ring flange 5 is connected with the bottom screw thread of cathode chamber 2, realized from bottom to top in proper order anode chamber 1, bottom ring flange 8, annular partition plate 9, can dismantle between two liang of top ring flange 5 and cathode chamber 2 and be connected, be convenient for dismantle, clear up and change. And the screw thread connection is stable in connection, convenient to detach and good in sealing effect, and the normal operation of the microbial fuel cell can be guaranteed.

The embodiment of the application relates to a novel performance test of methyl orange degradation by a columnar countercurrent plug-flow type double-chamber communicated membraneless microbial fuel cell:

methyl orange wastewater (different initial concentrations: 2mg/L, 4mg/L, 6mg/L, 8mg/L and 10mg/L) was treated by using the microbial fuel cell reactor, and the line graphs of the sampling times and the methyl orange removal rate are shown in FIG. 3.

As can be seen from fig. 3, the removal rate of methyl orange is related to the initial concentration of methyl orange added into the reactor, and the removal rate gradually decreases with the increase of the initial concentration of methyl orange, but the decrease trend is slower, and the removal rate is over 92%, which proves that the electrochemical system has a better removal effect on methyl orange; meanwhile, the lower concentration of methyl orange is beneficial to oxidative decomposition by the reactor, and the removal rate of the methyl orange with higher initial concentration of 8mg/L and 10mg/L is still higher; the electrochemical system can efficiently treat the dye wastewater by using a simple battery structure on the premise of not adding a catalyst.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a novel no membrane microbial fuel cell of two rooms intercommunication of column counterflow plug-flow formula, includes anode chamber (1) and cathode chamber (2), its characterized in that: the anode chamber (1) is positioned at the bottom of the cathode chamber (2), non-woven fabrics (3) are arranged between the anode chamber (1) and the cathode chamber (2), activated carbon (4) is placed on the non-woven fabrics (3), and a top flange plate (5) with a hole is arranged at the upper part of the activated carbon (4); graphite and activated carbon (4) conductive particles are filled in the anode chamber (1), and the upper end of the cathode chamber (2) is of an open structure; an anode electrode is arranged in the anode chamber (1), a cathode electrode is arranged in the cathode chamber (2), and an external resistor is arranged between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode; the anode chamber (1) is provided with a liquid inlet pipe (6), and the cathode chamber (2) is provided with an overflow pipe (7).

2. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: be equipped with foraminiferous bottom ring flange (8) between the top of anode chamber (1) and non-woven fabrics (3), non-woven fabrics (3) are arranged in on bottom ring flange (8), be equipped with annular baffle (9) between bottom ring flange (8) and top ring flange (5).

3. The microbial fuel cell of claim 2, wherein: the top and the bottom ring flange (8) of anode chamber (1) can be dismantled and be connected, the bottom ring flange (8) can be dismantled with the bottom of annular baffle (9) and be connected, the top and the top ring flange (5) of annular baffle (9) can be dismantled and be connected, the bottom of top ring flange (5) and cathode chamber (2) can be dismantled and be connected.

4. The microbial fuel cell of claim 3, wherein: the top and the bottom ring flange (8) screw thread of anode chamber (1) are connected, bottom ring flange (8) are connected with the bottom screw thread of annular partition plate (9), the top and top ring flange (5) screw thread of annular partition plate (9) are connected, top ring flange (5) are connected with the bottom screw thread of cathode chamber (2).

5. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the liquid inlet pipe (6) is positioned at the bottom of the anode chamber (1), and the overflow pipe (7) is positioned at the top of the cathode chamber (2).

6. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of the graphite to the activated carbon (4) conductive particles in the anode chamber (1) is 1: (1-5) the filling rate is 100%.

7. The microbial fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the anode electrode is a graphite rod, and the cathode electrode is a conductive substrate catalytic film.

8. The microbial fuel cell according to claim 1 or 7, wherein: and the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are both connected with a data collection system by titanium wire external leads.