CN217354407U - Multistage steel arch centering stopper of letting press - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a multistage pressure steel bow member stopper that lets, many steel hunches constitute annular steel hunch, connect through the stopper between the adjacent steel arch, the stopper includes pressure component steel column and pressure component steel section of thick bamboo, pressure component steel column cover is inside the pressure component steel section of thick bamboo, sand has been placed between the inside and pressure component steel column of pressure component steel section of thick bamboo, pressure component steel section of thick bamboo bottom one side is equipped with the pressure relief vent, the inside deformation that is equipped with of pressure component steel section of thick bamboo, the deformation sets up in pressure relief vent one side, the deformation covers the pressure relief vent, deformation bottom is provided with the foil gage, pressure component steel column pressurized makes the deformation spill the pressure relief vent, sand spills the pressure release from the pressure component steel section of thick bamboo. The pressure-bearing device is characterized in that a sand material is used as a pressure-bearing main body, a rubber deformation piece is matched, and a stable automatic pressure relief system is arranged by utilizing the fluidity of sand and the deformation characteristic of rubber, so that the limiter arch center slowly and stably releases the stress of the original rock while maintaining a certain supporting resistance to the surrounding rock.

Description

Multi-stage steel yielding arch frame limiter

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the steel bow member construction and specifically relates to a multistage pressure steel bow member stopper that lets is related to.

Background

In the tunnel excavation construction process, the high ground stress soft rock large deformation condition is often caused by the influence of factors such as geological structure, buried depth and the like, a series of engineering accidents are caused, and the tunnel excavation construction method is a key technical problem which is always concerned about in engineering construction. In order to solve the problem that a soft rock tunnel is large and blocky in deformation under the condition of high ground stress, a 'discharge-resistance combined' supporting method for releasing the high ground stress of an original rock by yielding is provided in engineering, and the conventional construction process mainly comprises double-layer primary support arch support, wherein a first layer of arch support with low rigidity releases partial stress after surrounding rock deformation and damage, and a second layer of arch support with high rigidity supports the deformed surrounding rock and the first layer of arch support to form a supporting system. However, the method has certain defects, and due to the characteristics that the double-layer arch frame has more construction processes, the construction environment is more complex (surrounding rock deformation is large and fast), the requirements on site man-machine construction organization are higher, and the like, the second-layer arch frame cannot be constructed in time easily, and the surrounding rock is not effectively supported when the structure of the first-layer arch frame is damaged, so that collapse accidents are caused.

The patent of construction system and method for supporting double-layer arch centering of highway soft rock tunnel (CN 110397455B) reinforces the double-layer arch centering to improve the supporting capability, but does not solve the problem that the first layer of arch centering deforms quickly and has hidden danger of collapse.

In the patent loess tunnel preliminary bracing structure based on limit resistance ware (CN 209067236U), utility model discloses a limit resistance ware releases the stress of surrounding rock to the bow member to protection bow member structure and finally make bow member and surrounding rock form stress balance. However, the deformation of the middle limit resistance steel plate of the utility model only has the deformation capability of the conventional steel plate, on one hand, the middle limit resistance steel plate has no characteristics of orientation and pressure control, and the arc arch is easy to invade to the open face under the complex environment of high ground stress; meanwhile, the change of the internal stress of the steel plate is complex in the deformation process, the stress is not obviously transferred outwards, the steel plate is easy to break under load, and the characteristics of orientation and pressure control are required to be designed for the deformation of the soft rock of the extremely high ground stress tunnel.

Therefore, aiming at the problems of difficult control of the working time of the existing double-layer arch and high safety risk of process connection, a device with the characteristics of high rigidity, simple structure, stable deformation and stress informatization needs to be designed, and the device can be simply and conveniently installed on the arch, so that the device can be slowly deformed and unloaded in a high ground stress environment to keep the structure complete, the working time is provided by prolonging the pressure relief period, and meanwhile, the arch structure is kept to maintain a safe construction environment, thereby solving the working problem of the double-layer arch support.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a multistage pressure steel bow member stopper that lets solves double-deck bow member itself construction process more, execute and do the environment and more complicated, on-the-spot man-machine material construction organization require characteristics such as higher, lead to the second floor bow member to execute the operation in time easily, the country rock does not have effective support and causes the problem of the accident of collapsing when first layer bow member structure destroys.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts is: a multi-stage yielding steel arch frame limiter comprises a plurality of steel arch frames which form a ring, adjacent steel arch frames are connected through a limiter, the limiter comprises a compression element steel column and a compression element steel cylinder, the compression element steel column is sleeved inside the compression element steel cylinder, sand is placed between the inside of the compression element steel cylinder and the compression element steel column, one side of the bottom of the compression element steel cylinder is provided with a pressure relief hole, a deformation piece is arranged inside the compression element steel cylinder and arranged on one side of the pressure relief hole, the deformation piece covers the pressure relief hole, and the bottom of the deformation piece is provided with a strain gauge;

the pressing element steel column is pressed to deform the deformation part to leak out of the pressure relief hole, and sand leaks out of the pressing element steel cylinder to be relieved.

In a preferred scheme, the deformation piece is made of rubber or silica gel.

In the preferred scheme, the deformation piece is the cylindricality piece that warp, and the cylindricality piece that warp is the cylinder structure, and the diameter of cylinder is greater than the release hole diameter, and cylinder structure bottom is connected with the mount pad of rectangle structure.

In the preferred scheme, a circular arc transition structure is arranged between two sides of a cylinder of the cylindrical deformation block and the mounting seat.

In the preferred scheme, the bottom of the compression element steel cylinder is provided with a compression groove, the strain gauge is arranged at the bottom of the compression groove, the mounting seat at the bottom of the cylindrical deformation block is arranged above the strain gauge, and the mounting seat is also arranged inside the compression groove.

In the preferred scheme, one end of the columnar deformation block is provided with a bent second folded plate, the bottom of the compression element steel cylinder is provided with a positioning groove, and the bent part of the end part of the second folded plate is clamped inside the positioning groove.

In the preferred scheme, the deformation piece is a rectangular deformation block, circular arc chamfer surfaces are arranged on two sides of the rectangular deformation block, one end of the rectangular deformation block abuts against a pressure relief hole of the compression element steel cylinder, a circular arc inclined chamfer surface is arranged at the other end of the rectangular deformation block, and a first folded plate bent downwards is arranged at the end part of the circular arc inclined chamfer surface.

In the preferred scheme, the end card that bends downwards of first folded plate is inside the pressurized groove, and rectangle deformation piece lower surface sets up inside the pressurized groove, and the foil gage setting is between rectangle deformation piece lower surface and pressurized groove bottom.

In the preferred scheme, the rectangular deformation block both sides are equipped with the otic placode, and pressurized groove both sides are equipped with and warp and dodge the groove, and the otic placode of rectangular deformation block both sides covers on warping and dodge the groove, and the region of otic placode lower surface root forms the extrusion deformation region, and the extrusion deformation region is out of shape and is dodged the inslot portion and warp the extension in warping.

The utility model provides a multistage pressure steel bow member stopper that lets, the utility model relates to a with the conventional process of stepping down divide into multistage stepping down, utilize component tenon fourth of the twelve earthly branches relation control bow member deformation direction simultaneously, can effectively accomplish directional stability, the slow release target that lasts under the high ground stress condition, eliminate the construction potential safety hazard of strutting the in-process, have simple and convenient high efficiency, safe practical characteristics.

The limiter with the tenon-and-mortise structure is adopted to limit the deformation direction of the arch frame, deformation invasion of a free face under a complex stress condition is avoided, and meanwhile, the limiter is tightly embedded after yielding is completed to serve as a firm arch frame connecting point.

The device lets presses the function to use the completion after the inside sand flow of stopper, stopper pressure component is regarded as the connection structure of bow member after closely gomphosis with the pressurized element, remains the initial supporting bearing capacity of bow member to the country rock.

The pressure-bearing device is characterized in that a sand material is used as a pressure-bearing main body, a rubber deformation piece is matched, and a stable automatic pressure relief system is arranged by utilizing the fluidity of sand and the deformation characteristic of rubber, so that the limiter arch center slowly and stably releases the stress of the original rock while maintaining a certain supporting resistance to the surrounding rock.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained with reference to the following figures and examples:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of the steel arch and the stopper of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the stopper of the present invention mounted on a steel arch;

FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of the sand discharging structure of the deformation member in the stopper of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the constant pressure stage of the deformation member inside the stopper of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the stopper in the constant resistance stage;

FIG. 6 is a front sectional view of the stopper of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a view of the structure of the sand discharging structure of the stopper when the deformation part is deformed due to pressure

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the deformable member at a constant pressure stage inside the stopper according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a view showing the internal installation structure of the rectangular deformation block of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a disassembled structure view of the rectangular deformation block of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a left side sectional view of the rectangular deformation block of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the rectangular deformation block of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a bottom surface structure view of the rectangular deformation block of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a view of the preferred cylindrical deformation block mounting structure of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a structural view for assembling and disassembling the cylindrical deformation block of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the cylindrical deformation block of the present invention;

fig. 17 is a left side sectional structure view of the cylindrical deformation block of the present invention.

In the figure: a steel arch frame 1; a stopper 2; a pressing element steel column 201; a compression element steel cylinder 202; a pressure relief vent 203; a positioning groove 204; a pressure receiving groove 205; a deformation avoidance groove 206; a viewing port 3; an inner arch frame 4; a deforming member 5; a strain gauge 6; an external plug 7; 8, sand; a rectangular deformation block 9; an ear plate 901; a first flap 902; crush zone 903; a cylindrical deformation block 10; a second flap 1001; a mounting block 1002.

Detailed Description

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 17, a multi-stage yielding steel arch frame stopper, a plurality of steel arches form an annular steel arch frame 1, adjacent steel arches are connected through a stopper 2, the stopper 2 comprises a pressure element steel column 201 and a pressure element steel cylinder 202, the pressure element steel column 201 is sleeved inside the pressure element steel cylinder 202, sand 8 is placed between the inside of the pressure element steel cylinder 202 and the pressure element steel column 201, a pressure relief hole 203 is formed in one side of the bottom of the pressure element steel cylinder 202, a deformation piece 5 is arranged inside the pressure element steel cylinder 202, the deformation piece 5 is arranged on one side of the pressure relief hole 203, the deformation piece 5 covers the pressure relief hole 203, a strain gauge 6 is arranged at the bottom of the deformation piece 5, the pressure element steel column 201 is pressed to enable the deformation piece 5 to deform the pressure relief hole 203, and the sand 8 leaks out from the pressure element steel cylinder 202. The deformation piece 5 is made of rubber or silica gel. Designing a limiter 2 consisting of tenon-and-mortise structure elements, and controlling the deformation direction of the arch frame by utilizing the tenon-and-mortise relation among the elements; by utilizing the characteristics of the sand material, the compaction and leakage of the sand 8 in the stopper 2 provide a deformation space for the stopper; a deformation piece 5 for sealing the pressure relief hole is arranged in the limiter 2, and a pressure relief switch with specific threshold pressure is formed by utilizing the characteristics of compression deformation and sand fluidity of the rubber material deformation piece; the stopper 2 with high rigidity is adopted, so that the bearing capacity of the arch structure is kept after the stopper 2 deforms to a final value; and a strain gage 6 and a thin cable are arranged by utilizing the pressure relief hole 203 and the deformation piece 5 and are used for monitoring the internal stress of the arch frame to guide safe construction.

The limiter 2 is made of steel materials and is divided into a pressing element and a pressed element, wherein the pressing element is a solid cylinder with a steel plate, and bolt holes are formed in four corners of the steel plate; the compression element is a hollow cylinder with a steel plate, four corners of the steel plate are provided with bolt holes, and a deformation piece and a pressure relief hole are arranged in the cylinder.

The pressing element solid cylinder and the pressing element hollow cylinder are combined into a mortise and tenon structure, the outer diameter of the solid cylinder is consistent with the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder, and the solid cylinder and the pressing element hollow cylinder are tightly connected to form the limiter 2.

The pressure relief hole is a small hole at one side of the wall of the pressed element cylinder, the deformation piece is arranged at one side in the cylinder for shielding to prevent the sand material in the cylinder from flowing out, and the sand material can flow out from the pressure relief hole after the deformation piece 5 is compressed under stress to expose the pressure relief hole.

The deformation piece 2 is a rubber material element of a bottom strain gauge and is fixed to one side of a pressure relief hole in the cylinder bottom of the pressure-bearing element, the deformation piece strain gauge is connected with an external plug 7 through the pressure relief hole by a thin cable, and the resistance change of the strain gauge can be displayed after a monitoring instrument is connected, so that the deformation piece strain gauge is converted into pressure data; after the deformed rubber covering the pressure relief hole 203 is subjected to pressure exceeding a certain threshold value, the pressure relief hole is exposed, sand can flow out for pressure relief, and when the stress is reduced, the pressure relief hole is expanded and closed to keep the supporting resistance of the arch centering of the limiter.

The device lets after the inside sand of stopper flows to the greatest extent presses the function to use and accomplishes, stopper 2 presses the connection structure as the bow member after component and the inseparable gomphosis of pressurized element, remains the initial supporting bearing capacity of bow member to the country rock.

The shown deformation piece 5 of utility model is mainly made by rubber, and deformation piece 5 bottom has still set up foil gage 6. The strain gauge 6 is mainly used for transmitting stress signals, and can be connected with a monitoring instrument through a thin cable and an external plug 7 to display stress values. The rubber mainly utilizes the compression deformation capacity as an unloading control switch, the pressure relief hole 203 is sealed by the rubber initially, when the stress exceeds a threshold value, the size of the rubber can be determined by a pressure test before application, the rubber serves as a designed stress threshold value, and then the pressure relief hole 203 is opened to release the pressure by discharging sand 8 so as to provide a certain deformation space for surrounding rocks; when the stress is released to be below the threshold value, the rubber deformation recovery continues to seal the pressure relief hole 203, and certain resistance is given to the surrounding rock to slow down the deformation rate of the surrounding rock; the stress monitoring capability can be kept after the unloading is repeated until the sand 8 is discharged. The deformation member 5 of the utility model is mainly used for transmitting stress data and forming constant pressure deformation, and the surrounding rock is deformed under the condition of certain supporting force by utilizing the threshold value set by the deformation member 5, so that the deformation rate of the surrounding rock is reduced; and the real-time monitoring of the special section of the tunnel can ensure the safety of the construction environment and guide the next construction of the tunnel by using data.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 14 to 17, the deformation member in the preferred embodiment of the present invention has a specific structure of a cylindrical deformation block 10, the deformation member 5 is the cylindrical deformation block 10, the cylindrical deformation block 10 is a cylindrical structure, the diameter of the cylinder is greater than that of the pressure relief hole 203, and the bottom of the cylindrical structure is connected to a mounting seat 1002 of a rectangular structure. The deformation block structure of cylinder, it is effectual to warp, and the deformation block mainly is made for rubber, presses component steel column 201 to compress tightly sand 8, and the packing force of sand 8 compresses tightly the cylindricality deformation block 10 of cylinder structure from the periphery, and the cylindricality deformation block 10 is compressed and is dwindled, leaks the pressure relief hole 203, and wherein the application range of cylindricality deformation block 10 is wider, and the compression deformation is also more even.

In a preferable scheme, a circular arc transition structure is arranged between two sides of a cylinder of the cylindrical deformation block 10 and the mounting seat 1002. As shown in fig. 15, the excessive structure of the circular arc between the cylindrical deformation block 10 and the mounting seat 1002 of the base plate prevents unbalanced pressure, when the upper surface of the cylindrical deformation block 10 is pressed, the connection position between the cylindrical deformation block 10 and the mounting seat 1002 can better disperse pressure, and the excessive structure of the circular arc can uniformly disperse pressure.

In a preferred scheme, the compression element steel cylinder 202 is provided with a compression groove 205 at the bottom, the strain gauge 6 is arranged at the bottom of the compression groove 205, the mounting seat 1002 at the bottom of the cylindrical deformation block 10 is arranged above the strain gauge 6, and the mounting seat 1002 is also arranged inside the compression groove 205. The cylindricality warp piece 10 and installs inside pressurized groove 205, can prevent that cylindricality warp piece 10 off tracking when the pressurized plays the effect of fixed column deformation piece 10 bottom.

In a preferred embodiment, a second bending plate 1001 is disposed at one end of the cylindrical deformation block 10, a positioning groove 204 is disposed at the bottom of the steel cylinder 202 of the compression element, and a bent portion of the end of the second bending plate 1001 is clamped inside the positioning groove 204. The second folding plate 1001 of the cylindrical deformation block 10 is clamped inside the positioning groove 204, so that the cylindrical deformation block 10 is prevented from being extruded out of the pressure relief hole 203 when being deformed under pressure, and the axial position of the whole cylindrical deformation block 10 is fixed.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 9 to 13, the specific structure of the deformation member in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a rectangular deformation block 9, the deformation member 5 is the rectangular deformation block 9, circular-arc chamfer surfaces are arranged on two sides of the rectangular deformation block 9, one end of the rectangular deformation block 9 abuts against the pressure relief hole 203 of the pressure receiving element steel cylinder 202, the other end of the rectangular deformation block is provided with a circular-arc inclined chamfer surface, and the end of the circular-arc inclined chamfer surface is provided with a first folding plate 902 which is bent downward. The rectangle deformation piece 9 is the platyzization structure, and rectangle deformation piece 9 upper surface is main pressurized area, and the circular arc design has all been adopted to afterbody and both sides, is more even for diversified pressurized, makes the deflection of rectangle deformation piece 9 more even, can not appear middle part pressurized deformation, the condition of tip perk. The rectangular deformation block 9 is mainly used in the construction field of the rectangular deformation block 9 with large pressure, and the rectangular deformation block 9 is more stable.

In a preferred scheme, the downward bent end part of the first folding plate 902 is clamped inside the pressure receiving groove 205, the lower surface of the rectangular deformation block 9 is arranged inside the pressure receiving groove 205, and the strain gauge 6 is arranged between the lower surface of the rectangular deformation block 9 and the bottom of the pressure receiving groove 205. The end of the first flap 902 is trapped inside the pressure-receiving groove 205 and prevents the rectangular deformation block 9 from being pushed out of the pressure-relief opening 203 during deformation under pressure, thereby securing the axial position of the entire rectangular deformation block 9.

In a preferred embodiment, the lug plates 901 are disposed on two sides of the rectangular deformation block 9, the deformation avoiding grooves 206 are disposed on two sides of the pressure receiving groove 205, the lug plates 901 on two sides of the rectangular deformation block 9 cover the deformation avoiding grooves 206, the area of the root of the lower surface of the lug plates 901 forms a compression deformation area 903, and the compression deformation area 903 deforms and extends inside the deformation avoiding grooves 206. With the structure as shown in fig. 10 or 12, when the rectangular deformation block 9 is deformed by pressure, the deformation avoiding groove 206 is filled with the extrusion deformation area 903 on the lower surface of the rectangular deformation block 9 under pressure for better pressure relief, and the entire deformation avoiding groove 206 is covered with the ear plate 901 for preventing sand from being filled in the deformation avoiding groove 206, thereby protecting the entire deformation avoiding groove 206.

Example 4

Further explained with reference to embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 17, a stopper 2 composed of a compression element steel column 201 and a compression element steel cylinder 202 is designed, a directional deformation channel is formed by utilizing the mortise-tenon joint relation between elements, a multistage pressure relief system is formed by utilizing sand 8, a deformation piece 5 and a pressure relief hole 203 in the compression element steel cylinder 202, and the internal concentrated stress of the stopper 2 is transferred by utilizing the leakage of the sand 8; meanwhile, a pressure control switch is formed by the deformation piece 5 and the pressure relief hole 203, so that continuous and stable supporting resistance of the arch frame to surrounding rock is ensured; finally, after the elements are closed, the limiting stopper 2 can be used as a connecting point with high rigidity, and the bearing capacity of the steel arch frame 1 is reserved. The utility model relates to an adopt high strength bolt, pressure component steel sheet in order to conveniently connect steel bow member 1, divide the conventional pressure process of stepping down into multistage pressure of stepping down: a sand compacting stage, a constant pressure unloading stage and an arch frame constant resistance stage. Meanwhile, the deformation direction of the arch frame is controlled by utilizing the tenon-and-mortise relation of the elements, the target of directional stability and slow continuous pressure relief under the condition of high ground stress can be effectively finished, the potential safety hazard of construction in the supporting process is eliminated, and the method has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, high efficiency, safety and practicability.

And selecting parameters of the deformation part 5 by using a pressure test, determining the reserved deformation, filling the height of the sand 8, and checking the integral integrity and specification of the limiter 2.

Before the steel arch frame 1 is installed, after aligning with the high-strength bolt hole, the high-strength bolt is utilized to install the whole two elements of the limiter 2 on the steel arch frame 1.

The strain gauge 6 and the lower surface of the deformation piece 5 are aligned and arranged at the position of a pressure relief hole 203 of the compression element steel cylinder 202, and a data wire of the strain gauge 6 penetrates out of a wire hole of the compression element steel cylinder 202 to be connected with an external plug 7.

And then, filling loose sand 8 with a certain height in the compression element steel cylinder 202, sealing the pressure relief hole 203 by the deformation piece 5 to prevent the sand 8 from being discharged, sleeving the compression element steel column 201 in the compression element steel cylinder 202, and abutting the end surface of the compression element steel column 201 against the sand 8 to form the limiter 2.

After the temporary fixing elements are spot-welded by steel bars, the steel arch 1 is installed by adopting a conventional process, at least two limiters 2 are symmetrically installed on the steel arch 1 formed by the steel arch, the spot-welded steel bars are knocked off, concrete is sprayed initially, and materials such as geotextile, plastics and the like are adopted on site to protect the pressure relief holes 203 and the external plug 7 from being damaged.

After the limiter 2 is installed, the external plug 7 is utilized to monitor the internal stress of the steel arch frame 1 in the construction process, the monitoring and measuring work in the tunnel is completed, when the first layer of steel arch frame deforms to the reserved deformation amount, sand in the cylinder is discharged completely, the limiter enters a constant resistance stage and is applied as a second layer of steel arch frame, a double-layer arch frame primary support system is formed, and the second layer of steel arch frame is provided with an observation opening 3 at the position of the first layer of steel arch frame installation limiter 2.

The pressing element steel column 201 is inserted into the pressed element steel cylinder 202 for a certain depth to fix the deformation direction, and meanwhile, the pressing element steel column 201 is gradually pressurized to form dense sand 8 so as to realize slow and directional deformation as a pressurization deformation stage;

after the internal stress of the steel cylinder 202 of the compression element is concentrated to a certain degree, the deformation piece 5 is deformed under compression to expose the pressure relief hole 203 and release the sand 8, and the deformation piece is used as a constant pressure deformation stage, until the sand 8 is released completely, the steel cylinder 201 of the compression element is inserted into the bottom of the steel cylinder 202 of the compression element, and finally the steel cylinder is used as an arch frame constant resistance stage to be connected with the next process.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be considered as limitations of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the technical solutions described in the claims, and includes equivalent alternatives of technical features in the technical solutions described in the claims. Namely, equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope of the invention are also within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a multistage pressure steel bow member stopper that lets, characterized by: the steel arches form an annular steel arch frame (1), adjacent steel arches are connected through a limiter (2), the limiter (2) comprises a pressure element steel column (201) and a pressure element steel cylinder (202), the pressure element steel column (201) is sleeved inside the pressure element steel cylinder (202), sand (8) is placed between the inside of the pressure element steel cylinder (202) and the pressure element steel column (201), a pressure relief hole (203) is formed in one side of the bottom of the pressure element steel cylinder (202), a deformation piece (5) is arranged inside the pressure element steel cylinder (202), the deformation piece (5) is arranged on one side of the pressure relief hole (203), the deformation piece (5) covers the pressure relief hole (203), and a strain gauge (6) is arranged at the bottom of the deformation piece (5);

the pressing element steel column (201) is pressed to deform the deformation piece (5) to leak out of the pressure relief hole (203), and the sand (8) leaks out of the pressing element steel cylinder (202) to be relieved.

2. The multi-stage yielding steel arch frame limiter according to claim 1, wherein: the deformation piece (5) is made of rubber or silica gel.

3. The multi-stage yielding steel arch frame limiter according to claim 1, wherein: the deformation piece (5) is a cylindrical deformation block (10), the cylindrical deformation block (10) is of a cylinder structure, the diameter of the cylinder is larger than that of the pressure relief hole (203), and the bottom of the cylinder structure is connected with a mounting seat (1002) of a rectangular structure.

4. The multi-stage steel yielding arch center limiter as claimed in claim 3, wherein: an arc transition structure is arranged between the two sides of the cylinder of the cylindrical deformation block (10) and the mounting seat (1002).

5. The multi-stage steel yielding arch center limiter as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the bottom of the compression element steel cylinder (202) is provided with a compression groove (205), the strain gauge (6) is arranged at the bottom of the compression groove (205), the mounting seat (1002) at the bottom of the cylindrical deformation block (10) is arranged above the strain gauge (6), and the mounting seat (1002) is also arranged in the compression groove (205).

6. The multi-stage steel yielding arch center limiter as claimed in claim 3, wherein: one end of the cylindrical deformation block (10) is provided with a bent second folded plate (1001), the bottom of the compression element steel cylinder (202) is provided with a positioning groove (204), and the bent part of the end part of the second folded plate (1001) is clamped inside the positioning groove (204).

7. The multi-stage yielding steel arch frame limiter according to claim 1, wherein: the deformation piece (5) is a rectangular deformation block (9), arc-shaped chamfer surfaces are arranged on two sides of the rectangular deformation block (9), one end of the rectangular deformation block (9) is abutted against a pressure relief hole (203) of the pressed element steel cylinder (202), an arc-shaped inclined chamfer surface is arranged at the other end of the rectangular deformation block, and a first folded plate (902) bent downwards is arranged at the end part of the arc-shaped inclined chamfer surface.

8. The multi-stage yielding steel arch frame limiter according to claim 7, wherein: the downward bent end part of the first folded plate (902) is clamped inside the pressure groove (205), the lower surface of the rectangular deformation block (9) is arranged inside the pressure groove (205), and the strain gauge (6) is arranged between the lower surface of the rectangular deformation block (9) and the bottom of the pressure groove (205).

9. The multi-stage yielding steel arch frame limiter according to claim 7, wherein: the two sides of the rectangular deformation block (9) are provided with the ear plates (901), the two sides of the pressure receiving groove (205) are provided with the deformation avoiding groove (206), the ear plates (901) on the two sides of the rectangular deformation block (9) cover the deformation avoiding groove (206), the area of the root part of the lower surface of the ear plates (901) forms an extrusion deformation area (903), and the extrusion deformation area (903) deforms and extends in the deformation avoiding groove (206).

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