CN217287610U - Air filtering material based on nanofiber - Google Patents
Air filtering material based on nanofiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN217287610U CN217287610U CN202120496266.5U CN202120496266U CN217287610U CN 217287610 U CN217287610 U CN 217287610U CN 202120496266 U CN202120496266 U CN 202120496266U CN 217287610 U CN217287610 U CN 217287610U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
Abstract
The utility model provides an air filter material based on nanofiber. The air filtering material comprises a substrate and a module, wherein the module is arranged on the substrate, and the module is selected from one or a combination of more than two of the following functional modules: the device comprises a safe flame-retardant module, a filtering module, a healthy degerming module, an automatic cleaning module and a harmful gas blocking module. The air filtering material is suitable for various scenes, and has the functions of safety, flame retardance, antibiosis, high filtering efficiency, automatic cleaning and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an air filtering material technical field, concretely relates to air filtering material based on nanofiber.
Background
The increased activity of human beings causes a great amount of smoke and dust to be emitted from various emission sources such as industry, life, traffic and buildings, so that dust particles in the atmosphere are increased sharply. Various hidden troubles caused by dust seriously affect the production activity and the physical health of human beings. Besides, many industries of industrial gases have mixed gases, such as welding, electroplating, smelting, chemical industry, petroleum and other industries. The mixture of qi is often corrosive and enters the human body through the respiratory tract, which can cause cardiotoxic poisoning. The common characteristic of the action of the irritant gas is that the irritant gas can irritate the mucosa of eyes and respiratory tracts, can cause skin injury, can irritate teeth after being contacted with low-concentration acid mist for a long time, and can cause tooth erosion. For example, chlorine, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and the like have high water solubility, and are suffered from wet mucosa congestion, edema and increased secretion, chemical inflammatory reaction, watery nasal discharge, throat itching, cough and the like. Meanwhile, with the occurrence of infectious diseases, people pay more and more attention to the air quality, and the requirement on personal protection is higher and higher.
Nonwoven materials are the most common filter materials, and include primarily polymer fiber meltblown materials, polymer fiber spunbond materials, glass fiber filter materials, and the like. Because the fibers and the pore diameters in the non-woven material are in the micron order and the filtering effect on fine particles is poor, an electric field polarization method is required to endow the non-woven material with electrostatic electret performance, the interaction between the fibers and the particles is improved, and the purposes of improving the filtering efficiency and reducing the resistance pressure drop are achieved. However, the electrostatic electret technology is deteriorated with time and temperature and humidity of the environment, and particles of contaminants having a diameter of less than 1 μm are generally intercepted inside the filter material, thereby causing difficulty in removing the contaminants and poor reusability.
The nano-fiber is a novel material with at least one dimension in a nano-scale in a three-dimensional space, has the characteristics of small fiber diameter (dozens to hundreds of nanometers), large specific surface area and interpenetrating curved pore structure, and can effectively intercept small-size particle pollutants. Compared with the traditional material, the nanofiber has more superiority. For example, electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber filter materials can achieve filtration efficiencies of up to 99.999% for particles having a size of 0.3 μm, while the resistance pressure drop can reach over 200 Pa. Meanwhile, because the nanofiber has a large number of functional groups exposed on the surface, the functional modification of the nanofiber has important application significance.
The electrostatic spinning nanofiber technology has the advantages of small fiber diameter, small fiber membrane aperture, high porosity, strong structural adjustability and the like, and has great application potential in the aspect of preparing high-performance air filter materials. Meanwhile, the needle-punched and spunlaced nonwoven materials have good moisture absorption and air permeability, soft hand feeling, high strength and good drapability, have higher dust collection efficiency than the traditional textile filter materials, and are also widely used for processing the filter materials.
Aiming at the problems of poor filtering effect, low reuse rate and the like of air materials in the market, some solutions are provided. For example, CN 107362617a discloses an air filter material comprising a substrate, a lipophilic layer and a hydrophilic layer; the air filtering material is composed of various fiber materials, and can improve the filtering precision of air. For example, CN 208927826U discloses a flame retardant filter cotton, which comprises a filter cotton body, a wash-resistant self-cleaning layer, a flame retardant layer and a flame retardant layer; the flame-retardant filter cotton is composed of various fiber materials, can be repeatedly cleaned, and prolongs the service life of the filter cotton.
However, the current air filtering material has limited functions and is only suitable for single filtering requirements; the application scene is limited and only suitable for specific application requirements; in addition, the manufacturing process is complicated and the cost is high. Therefore, there is a need to find an air filtering material that can meet the needs of a variety of scenarios.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the above problem, the utility model aims at providing an air filtering material based on nanofiber, this air filtering material is applicable to multiple scene, has safe fire-retardant, and is antibiotic, and filtration efficiency is high, functions such as self-cleaning.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an air filter material based on nanofibers, comprising a substrate and a module, wherein the module is disposed on the substrate, wherein the module is selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following functional modules: the device comprises a safe flame-retardant module, a filtering module, a healthy degerming module, an automatic cleaning module and a harmful gas blocking module.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the modules preferably include a first module and a second module, and are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the substrate, and the first module and the second module are each selected from one or a combination of two or more of the functional modules; preferably, the arrangement sequence of the functional modules is matched with the filtering requirement; further preferably, the number of times of use of the same functional module in the arrangement process is not less than 1.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the substrate may comprise a non-woven substrate or the like.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the safe flame retardant module may comprise a safe flame retardant module made of an electrically insulating material and a heat insulating and heat preserving material, such as a safe flame retardant module made of glass fibers and/or poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material of the safety flame retardant module may include an electrical insulating material and a thermal insulating material; preferably, the raw material of the safety flame retardant module comprises glass fiber and/or poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fiber (PPTA). The corresponding nano material can be selected according to different scene requirements.
Taking the preparation of a safe flame-retardant module by using high-insulation and chemical-corrosion-resistant poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fiber as an example, the high-insulation and chemical-corrosion-resistant poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fiber is polymerized by using a low-temperature solution polycondensation method, solvents can be Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), dimethylacetamide (DMAC/DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), Tetramethylurea (TMU) and the like, and the polymer can be formed into fibers by adopting a dry-jet wet spinning process after being dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the filtration module may include a filtration module made of a flame retardant and low melting point nano material, such as a filtration module made of one or a combination of two or more of polyester fiber, polyacrylonitrile oxidized fiber module and polyvinyl alcohol ethylene copolymer module, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material of the filtration module may include a flame retardant and low melting point nanomaterial; preferably, the flame-retardant and low-melting-point nano material comprises one or a combination of more than two of polyester fiber (PET), polyacrylonitrile oxidized fiber (PANOF) and polyvinyl alcohol ethylene copolymer (PVA-CO-PE), and the corresponding nano material can be selected according to different scene requirements.
Taking an industrially produced polyvinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer (PVA-CO-PE) for manufacturing a filter module as an example, mixing polyvinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer master batch (PVA-CO-PE), tert-butyl alcohol and deionized water according to a proper proportion, processing by using a high-speed pulverizer to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer (PVA-CO-PE) nano suspension, and finally forming fibers by adopting a dry-jet wet spinning process.
Or, the polyvinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer (PVA-CO-PE) and cellulose acetate butyrate are melted and blended, acetone is used for removing cellulose ester, a beater is used for processing to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer (PVA-CO-PE) nanometer suspension, and finally, the dry-jet wet spinning process is adopted for fiber forming.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the health sterilization module may include a health sterilization module made of nano material having antibacterial function, for example, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS) 2 ) Carbon Nanotube (CNT), Graphene Oxide (GO) and heavy metal ionOne or more than two health degerming modules, etc.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material of the health sterilization module may include a nano material having an antibacterial function; preferably, the nanomaterial with the antibacterial function comprises one or a combination of more than two of nano silver, gold nanoparticles, molybdenum disulfide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and heavy metal ions, and the corresponding nanomaterial can be selected according to different scene requirements.
The silver nanoparticles have the best antimicrobial effect, and a plurality of research results prove that the silver nanoparticles have effective inhibition effects on bacteria, viruses and fungi, and especially have good growth inhibition effects on antibiotic-resistant strains.
The gold nanoparticles have the advantages of wide antibacterial spectrum, various antibacterial mechanisms, good biocompatibility and good application prospect.
The cysteine-modified molybdenum disulfide-loaded silver ion has a broad-spectrum bactericidal function and has an obvious bactericidal action on gram-negative escherichia coli and gram-positive staphylococcus aureus. The material has strong killing capacity on harmful bacteria and has very small influence on human cells.
The carbon nano tube has better inhibition effect on bacteria and fungi, and the antibacterial effect of the single-walled carbon nano tube is better than that of the multi-walled carbon nano tube. The single-walled carbon nanotube has extremely high adsorption capacity, the adsorption capacity of the single-walled carbon nanotube on bacillus subtilis spores is 27-37 times that of activated carbon and nano ceramic, and the results of adsorption kinetic rates of the single-walled carbon nanotube on bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli show that 95% of bacteria can be adsorbed to the surface of the single-walled carbon nanotube within 5-30 min.
The antibacterial property of the graphene oxide is derived from the damage of the graphene oxide to escherichia coli cell membranes. Meanwhile, graphene oxide has little cytotoxicity to mammalian cells.
The heavy metal ions have broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activity. For example, copper (Cu), zinc oxide (ZnO), dioxideTitanium (TiO) 2 ) The nano particles have antibacterial and antiviral activities.
Taking the carbon nanotube as an example for manufacturing a healthy and degerming air filtration module, firstly, some surface treatments (such as acid treatment and high-temperature graphitization treatment) are carried out on the carbon nanotube, ethanol or acetone is selected as a solvent after the surface treatments, and the obtained polymer solution is subjected to fiber formation by adopting an electrostatic spinning process.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the automatic cleaning module may include an automatic cleaning module made of a nano material having a cleaning function, such as an automatic cleaning module made of nano-sized titanium dioxide and/or titanium dioxide modified cellulose fiber, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material of the automatic cleaning module may include a nano material having a cleaning function; preferably, the nano material with the cleaning function comprises nano titanium dioxide and/or titanium dioxide modified cellulose fiber, and the corresponding nano material can be selected according to different scene requirements.
The nano-scale titanium dioxide has strong super-hydrophilicity and is not easy to form water drops on the surface. Meanwhile, the nano-scale titanium dioxide can act on hydrocarbon under the irradiation of visible light, and organic pollutants adsorbed on the surface of the titanium oxide can be decomposed into CO by utilizing the photocatalytic reaction of the titanium oxide 2 And O 2 And the inorganic matters and the residual inorganic matters can be washed clean by rainwater, so that the self-cleaning function is realized.
Taking the preparation of the automatic cleaning module by the nano-scale titanium dioxide as an example, the nano-scale titanium dioxide liquid is formed into fibers by adopting an electrostatic spinning process.
The electrostatic spinning is a process for continuously generating superfine fibers with the diameter of micron or even nanometer by high polymer melt or solution under the action of an external electric field. The solution electrospinning technique is selected as the electrospinning method used in the present invention because of its simple equipment, easy operation and wide application. Solution electrospinning can be divided into dry electrospinning and dry-jet wet electrospinning according to the difference of collecting media. The solvent for dry electrostatic spinning can be selected from volatile organic solvents such as acetone, benzene, Dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and Dichloromethane (DCM); the solvent for dry-jet wet electrostatic spinning can be selected from metal salt solution or organic solvent which is not easy to volatilize such as room temperature ionic liquid and the like. The utility model discloses in select different solution electrostatic spinning methods to make corresponding functional module according to the material that uses.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the harmful gas blocking module may include a harmful gas blocking module made of one of a nano material that adsorbs oil-soluble gas, a nano material that adsorbs water-soluble gas, and a nano material that adsorbs acid-base gas, etc.;
the harmful gas barrier module made of the nano material for adsorbing the oil-soluble gas can comprise a harmful gas barrier module made of one or more of polypropylene fibers, methacrylate fibers, polyvinyl alcohol modified cotton fibers and silicone oil modified straw fibers, and the like;
the harmful gas blocking module made of the nano material for adsorbing the water-soluble gas can comprise a harmful gas blocking module made of hollow composite fibers and/or hollow polyester fibers and the like; the hollow composite fiber and/or the hollow polyester fiber can be composed of bamboo charcoal fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyacrylate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate;
the harmful gas barrier module made of the nano material adsorbing the acid and alkali gases can comprise a material made of TiO-containing nano material 2 A harmful gas barrier module made of the olefin polymer fiber, and the like.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material of the harmful gas barrier module may be selected from one of a nano material that adsorbs oil-soluble gas, a nano material that adsorbs water-soluble gas, and a nano material that adsorbs acid-base gas; preferably, the nano material for adsorbing the oil-soluble gas comprises one or more of polypropylene fiber, methacrylate fiber, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) modified cotton fiber and silicone oil modified straw fiber; what is needed isThe nanometer material for adsorbing water-soluble gas comprises hollow composite fiber and/or hollow polyester fiber composed of bamboo charcoal fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyacrylate fiber, PBT (polybutylene terephthalate) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate); the nanometer material for adsorbing acid and alkali gases comprises TiO 2 Olefin polymer fibers of (2), etc.; the corresponding nano material can be selected according to different scene requirements.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the nanofiber-based air filtration material may include the following steps: (1) selecting corresponding functional modules according to filtering requirements, and preparing the constituent materials of each functional module into solutions corresponding to the functional modules respectively; (2) and sequentially spraying the solution on a base material according to the arrangement sequence of the filtering requirements to obtain the air filtering material.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the nanofiber-based air filtration material can be applied to air filtration.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model discloses an air filtering material function diversification based on nanofiber is applicable to multiple filtration demand simultaneously, can realize the target that the filtration multi-scene was used, can have some functions such as safety, fire-retardant, antibiotic, filtration efficiency height, self-cleaning concurrently simultaneously. In addition the utility model provides an air filter material preparation simple process based on nanofiber, the time is short, and is with low costs, can save time in a large number and reduce the cost input.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a nanofiber-based air filtration material of example 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a nanofiber-based air filter material of example 2.
Description of the symbols
Non-woven fabrics substrate 1, self-cleaning module 2, harmful gas separation module 3, filter module 4, safe fire-retardant module 5, healthy degerming module 6.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
This example provides a nanofiber-based air filtration material having the structure shown in fig. 1.
This air filter material includes non-woven fabrics substrate 1 and locates first module and the second module of 1 both sides of non-woven fabrics substrate, and wherein, first module is located non-woven fabrics substrate 1 and is close to and treats filtered air one side, and the second module is close to non-woven fabrics substrate 1 and is close to and filters back air one side.
The first module comprises an automatic cleaning module 2, a harmful gas blocking module 3 and a filtering module 4 which are sequentially arranged from right to left, wherein the side close to air to be filtered is the right side, and the side close to filtered air is the left side; the second module comprises a filtering module 4, a safe flame-retardant module 5 and a healthy sterilization module 6 which are sequentially arranged from right to left.
The preparation method of the nanofiber-based air filter material of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preparing solutions corresponding to the functional modules:
(1) safe flame retardant module 5: poly-p-phenylene terephthamide fiber (PPTA) is used as a raw material, and is polymerized by using a low-temperature solution polycondensation method, wherein a solvent is selected from Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), and the polymer is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid to prepare a solution.
(2) And (4) a filtering module: mixing polyvinyl alcohol ethylene copolymer master batch (PVA-CO-PE), tert-butyl alcohol and deionized water according to a proper proportion, and then processing by using a high-speed pulverizer to obtain polyvinyl alcohol ethylene copolymer (PVA-CO-PE) nano suspension.
(3) The health sterilization module 6: firstly, carrying out acid treatment on a carbon nano tube, and selecting ethanol or acetone as a solvent to obtain a polymer solution after the acid treatment.
(4) The automatic cleaning module 2: the nano-scale titanium dioxide is prepared into solution.
(5) Harmful gas barrier module 3: will contain TiO 2 The olefin polymer fiber of (2) is made into a polymer solution.
2. Spraying the solution:
the module nanofiber mixed solution with various functions is sequentially sprayed on a non-woven fabric substrate through a spray gun according to the arrangement sequence of modules in the figure 1 (needling and spunlace technologies can be assisted if necessary), so that the obtained air filtering material has improved filtering performance and hydrophilic performance, the aperture of the filtering membrane is reduced, and the distribution is more uniform. The thickness proportion, the combination proportion and the product properties of each functional module in the air filtering material can be adjusted according to application scenes.
Example 2
This example provides a nanofiber-based air filtration material having the structure shown in fig. 2.
This air filter material includes non-woven fabrics substrate 1 and locates first module and the second module of 1 both sides of non-woven fabrics substrate, and wherein, first module is located non-woven fabrics substrate 1 and is close to one side of treating filtered air, and the second module is close to non-woven fabrics substrate 1 and is close to one side of filtering back air.
The first module comprises a safe flame-retardant module 5, an automatic cleaning module 2, a harmful gas blocking module 3, a health sterilization module 6, an automatic cleaning module 2 and a filtering module 4 which are sequentially arranged from right to left, wherein the side close to the air to be filtered is 'right' and the side close to the filtered air is 'left'; the second module comprises a filtering module 4, a health degerming module 6, a harmful gas blocking module 3, an automatic cleaning module 2 and a safe flame-retardant module 5 which are sequentially arranged from right to left.
The preparation method of the nanofiber-based air filter material of this example is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that the nanofiber mixed solution of the modules having various functions obtained by the method of example 1 is sequentially sprayed on the nonwoven fabric substrate by a spray gun according to the arrangement sequence of the modules of fig. 2 to obtain the air filter material.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.
Claims (6)
1. A nanofiber based air filter material, comprising a substrate and a module disposed on the substrate, wherein the module is selected from one or a combination of two or more of the following functional modules: the device comprises a safe flame-retardant module, a filtering module, a healthy degerming module, an automatic cleaning module and a harmful gas blocking module.
2. The nanofiber-based air filter material of claim 1, wherein the modules comprise a first module and a second module and are respectively disposed on two opposite faces of the substrate, the first and second modules each being selected from one or a combination of two or more of the functional modules.
3. The nanofiber-based air filter material of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a nonwoven substrate.
4. The nanofiber based air filter material of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the filter module comprises a filter module made of one of polyester fibers, polyacrylonitrile oxide fibers, and polyvinyl alcohol ethylene copolymers.
5. The nanofiber based air filter material of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the health-sterilizing module comprises a health-sterilizing module made of one of nano silver, gold nanoparticles, molybdenum disulfide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and heavy metal ions.
6. The nanofiber-based air filtration material of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the harmful gas barrier module comprises a harmful gas barrier module made of one of polypropylene fibers, methacrylate fibers, polyvinyl alcohol-modified cotton fibers, silicone oil-modified straw fibers, hollow composite fibers, or hollow polyester fibers.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115595725A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-01-13 | 石家庄海飞音机电设备有限公司（Cn） | Flame-retardant filter cotton and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115595725A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-01-13 | 石家庄海飞音机电设备有限公司（Cn） | Flame-retardant filter cotton and preparation method thereof |
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