CN217213114U - Portable radar transponder tester - Google Patents
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- CN217213114U CN217213114U CN202123221510.6U CN202123221510U CN217213114U CN 217213114 U CN217213114 U CN 217213114U CN 202123221510 U CN202123221510 U CN 202123221510U CN 217213114 U CN217213114 U CN 217213114U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a portable radar transponder tester, include: a transmitting unit: the device is used for generating a simulation radar signal and triggering the radar transponder to work; a receiving unit: the device is used for receiving a response signal of the detected radar transponder, and the response signal has the same frequency as a signal transmitted by the transmitting unit and is subjected to mixing amplification; an intermediate frequency unit: the intermediate frequency signal is used for receiving the intermediate frequency signal after the frequency mixing amplification, the intermediate frequency signal is converted into an amplitude component and a frequency component, and the amplitude component is subjected to amplitude modulation demodulation to obtain a signal envelope; the digital signal processing unit and the main control unit are small and exquisite in whole instrument, can be conveniently carried to carry out field test, integrates multiple functions, and solves the test problem on site in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a communication navigation field, concretely relates to portable radar transponder tester.
Background
The radar transponder is a navigation head which transmits a specific coding signal after receiving a radar signal, is mainly applied to navigation and key area identification, can be regarded as a passive radar, and immediately transmits a response signal after receiving the signal transmitted by a ship radar, so that nearby ships can accurately find a target and correctly guide the ship to sail. Radar transponder detection generally presents the following challenges:
detection of a radar transponder requires special circumstances and equipment to be achieved.
Currently field inspections are only partially qualitative by stepwise changes in distance of a radar-equipped vessel.
Reading morse codes from radar maps is complex and difficult, requiring a certain radio-professional basis.
The field test only depends on the sound judgment of the self-checking of the radar transponder. The radar transponder without self-checking function can not be checked on site. In actual operation, even if the self-test passes, there is a case where the operation is not normal.
There are no specialized instruments and equipment for detecting radar transponders at home and abroad.
The detection of the radar transponder can be realized only by special environments and equipment, and the detection of the radar transponder can be realized only by adopting complex equipment and equipment in a laboratory. Moreover, the equipment price is high, the requirement on operators is high, and the laboratory environment is required.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the shortcoming and the deficiency that prior art exists, the utility model provides a portable radar transponder tester, whole instrument is small and exquisite, can conveniently carry and carry out the field test, collects multiple functions in an organic whole, and the test problem is solved in real time at the scene.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a portable radar transponder tester, comprising:
a transmitting unit: the device is used for generating a simulation radar signal and triggering the radar transponder to work;
a receiving unit: the device is used for receiving a response signal of the detected radar transponder, and the response signal has the same frequency as a signal transmitted by the transmitting unit and is subjected to mixing amplification;
an intermediate frequency unit: the system comprises a frequency mixer, a frequency converter and a frequency converter, wherein the frequency mixer is used for receiving an intermediate frequency signal after frequency mixing amplification, converting the intermediate frequency signal into an amplitude component and a frequency component, and carrying out amplitude modulation demodulation on the amplitude component to obtain a signal envelope;
a digital signal processing unit: respectively connected with the intermediate frequency unit and the transmitting unit; the device comprises a receiving unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the receiving unit is used for receiving a corresponding signal, the corresponding signal comprises a frequency component and an amplitude component of an intermediate frequency unit, and a transmitting intensity signal of a transmitting unit;
the main control unit: the device is respectively connected with the digital signal processing unit, the receiving unit, the intermediate frequency unit and the transmitting unit, and the sensitivity value, the frequency agility, the Morse code, the transmitting power and the working bandwidth of the radar transponder to be detected are measured by acquiring data signals.
Further, the transmitting unit includes:
microwave signal generator: a decimal frequency division phase-locked loop circuit with a VCO is adopted, and a temperature compensation crystal oscillator is adopted as a frequency reference source;
the output microwave signal is filtered by a filter to remove harmonic waves, amplified by a gain amplifier, one path of the amplified signal is subjected to frequency division by a frequency divider to obtain a frequency-divided square wave signal, the frequency-divided square wave signal is input into a main control unit to detect the frequency, the other path of the amplified signal is switched by a signal switch, and one switching signal is input into a power amplifying circuit and a numerical control attenuation circuit and is transmitted to a tested radar transponder through a transmitting antenna.
Further, the receiving unit includes:
under the control of the main control unit, receiving a response signal and an internal calibration signal of the tested radar transponder;
the signal is subjected to power detection, and when the signal is strong, the switching signal is directly accessed to a mixer to carry out mixing operation to obtain an intermediate frequency signal; when the signal is small, the signal is amplified by a low noise amplifier and then added into a mixing circuit.
Further, the intermediate frequency unit includes:
filtering an input intermediate frequency signal filter, amplifying one path of the filtered signal by a logarithmic amplifier, and carrying out signal intensity detection, wherein the intensity detection comprises a power component and an amplitude component, the power component is input into a digital signal processing unit, a signal envelope is obtained through the amplitude component, and the signal envelope is input into a main control unit; the other path is amplified by an amplifier, and then is input into a frequency-voltage conversion unit to be converted into voltage, and is input into a digital signal processing unit.
Further, the digital signal processing unit comprises four ADC sampling circuits.
Furthermore, the transmitting unit also outputs an internal calibration signal, the internal calibration signal is input into the receiving unit, and the receiving unit processes the internal calibration signal and is provided with an input digital processing unit.
Furthermore, the transmitting unit also comprises a signal switch for switching, the signal amplified by the gain amplifier is switched by the signal switch in the other path, one switching signal is input into the power amplifying circuit and the numerical control attenuation circuit, and the other switching signal outputs an internal calibration signal through the digital attenuation circuit.
A method of testing a portable radar transponder tester, comprising:
a user sets detection criteria, wherein the detection criteria comprise detection frequency, bandwidth and sensitivity;
transmitting an analog radar signal within a frequency bandwidth range, triggering a transponder to respond and transmitting a response signal;
after receiving the response signal, splitting the response signal into an amplitude component and a frequency component after frequency mixing;
obtaining a signal envelope according to the amplitude component, and further obtaining a Morse code;
obtaining a voltage from the frequency component;
and adjusting the signal intensity according to the stepping value, and repeating the steps to obtain the detection value of the detected radar responder.
Further, the obtaining of the detection value of the detected radar responder specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the step value, the signal transmitting intensity is reduced until no response is made, and the signal intensity which can trigger the transponder at the lowest point is the sensitivity of the radar transponder to be detected;
if any frequency point obtains the response signal of the radar responder to be tested in the frequency bandwidth range, the radar responder meets the frequency response requirement;
if the radar responder tunes the response frequency of the radar responder to be consistent with the receiving frequency according to the frequency of the received transmitting signal, the frequency agility function is achieved.
Further, in the present invention,
further calculating the transmitting power of the radar transponder according to the received intensity of the response radio frequency signal;
and calculating the range of the radar transponder according to the transmitting power of the radar transponder and the receiving sensitivity of the conventional radar.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model discloses the instrument is portable, can carry out the field test to the radar transponder, realizes that radar transponder sensitivity, frequency agility are measured, response bandwidth is measured, transmitted power and morse code are measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmitting unit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the receiving unit in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the IF unit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the digital signal processing unit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the main control unit of FIG. 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the detection method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a portable radar transponder tester includes the following hardware devices:
a transmitting unit: the device is used for simulating radar signals and triggering the radar transponder to work. And detecting the response frequency range of the radar transponder, wherein the low end of the working frequency range is lower than the lower limit of the radar frequency range, and the high end of the working frequency range is higher than the upper limit of the radar frequency range. The transmitting unit has adjustable output signal strength and is used for detecting sensitivity test of the radar transponder.
The concrete structure is shown in figure 2,
the microwave signal generator adopts a decimal frequency division phase-locked loop circuit with a VCO, a frequency reference source adopts a temperature compensation crystal oscillator, an output signal of the frequency reference source is subjected to harmonic filtering by a filter and amplification by a gain amplifier, one path of signal is subjected to frequency division by a frequency divider to obtain a frequency-divided square wave signal, and the frequency-divided square wave signal is sent to the main control unit for detecting the frequency. And the other path is switched by a signal switch, the control signal is controlled by a main control unit, the signal switch is switched to be communicated upwards, the signal is input into a power amplification circuit and a numerical control attenuation circuit and then is transmitted to the tested radar transponder through a transmitting antenna of a transmitting unit, the signal switch is switched to be communicated downwards, the signal is input into the numerical control attenuation circuit to output an internal calibration signal, the transmitted or calibrated signal intensity is detected, ADC sampling is quantized into a digital signal, and the digital signal is sent to a digital signal processing unit to be processed.
Furthermore, through the combination of the two cascaded digital attenuation circuits and the power amplifier circuit, different output powers can be generated to excite the response of the tested radar responder, so that the sensitivity of the radar responder is tested.
By varying the combination of the amplitudes of the frequencies, the frequency response curve of the radar transponder can be tested.
The power amplifier circuit in the embodiment has the strength indication of the output RSSI, and the excited power can be accurately obtained through detection and calibration after ADC sampling. The frequency of the signal is set by the main control MCU, and the frequency stability is ensured by the voltage-controlled temperature-compensated crystal oscillator.
And the receiving unit is used for receiving the internal calibration signal of the transmitting unit and the response signal of the detected radar transponder, the frequency of the response signal is the same as that of the transmitting signal of the transmitting unit, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 3.
Switching and receiving internal calibration signals from an antenna or a transmitting unit by using a switching signal, wherein any signal is subjected to power detection, and the switching signal is directly accessed to a mixer to carry out mixing operation to obtain an intermediate frequency signal; when the signal is small, the signal is amplified by a low noise amplifier and then is converted into an intermediate frequency signal by a mixer.
Since the transmitted signal of the transmitting unit is of a known intensity and frequency to the user, this signal is used to load the receiving unit, whereby the data at the receiving end can be corrected by the known data, i.e. as a function of the calibration signal.
Further, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in this embodiment are microstrip antenna arrays, and specifically adopt 4X4 microstrip antenna arrays.
The intermediate frequency unit, as shown in fig. 4, filters the intermediate frequency signal input filter to filter out other interference signals, amplifies one path of the intermediate frequency signal by a logarithmic amplifier, and then performs signal strength detection, where the strength detection includes a power component and an amplitude component, the power component is input to the digital signal processing unit through the ADC after quantization conversion, and the amplitude of the amplitude component is converted to obtain a signal envelope and input to the main control unit. The other path is amplified by an amplifier, and the frequency is changed into voltage by a frequency-voltage conversion circuit, wherein the voltage represents a frequency signal. After digital conversion, the digital signals are input into a digital signal processing unit through an ADC sampling circuit.
The envelope signal, which is the Morse code modulated by the transponder response. The envelope signal is sent to the main control unit, and the Morse code value is decoded.
A digital signal processing unit: including data processing calculations and generating clock and control signals.
Under the coordination control of the main control unit, the amplitude of the transmitting signal, the frequency of the intermediate frequency unit and the amplitude data are received. These data are raw data, which vary from device to device.
When the test equipment is started, the digital signal processing unit calibrates the strength and the frequency of the calibration signal, calibrates the received signal by using the calibrated strength and frequency signals to obtain an amplitude and voltage corresponding relation table and a frequency and voltage corresponding relation table, and calculates a later-stage detection result according to the relation tables.
The data signal processing unit receives frequency and amplitude data of the intermediate frequency unit, obtains a corresponding relation between the amplitude and the voltage of a received signal and a corresponding relation table of the frequency domain voltage, obtains a detection result output by comparing the received signal with a calibration relation table, and realizes result calibration, equipment self-checking and calibration and output of the detection result.
As shown in fig. 5, the digital signal processing unit controls four ADC sampling circuits, which are respectively used for receiving the emission intensity data of the emission unit, the calibration signal intensity data, and the field intensity and frequency data of the intermediate frequency unit.
As the received and transmitted signals are all pulse signals, synchronous sampling is needed, otherwise useless data can be easily acquired. Therefore, the data signal processing unit can remove the front source and the rear source of the acquired pulse signal and intercept the average value of the intermediate signal.
Further, in the present embodiment, the ADC sampling circuit performs high-speed (40MHz sampling rate) sampling processing after performing differential amplification on the signal. This circuit applies samples of output signal strength, received signal strength, and received phase (for received frequency calculation) simultaneously.
The main control unit: the device is used for being connected with the digital signal processing unit, the receiving unit, the intermediate frequency unit and the transmitting unit respectively, and obtaining the sensitivity value, the frequency agility measurement, the Morse code, the transmitting power and the action distance of the radar transponder to be detected through obtaining the data signals.
As shown in fig. 6, the main control unit implements the following control:
the transmitting unit controls: and controlling the transmitting frequency, the transmitting intensity and the internal calibration signal intensity of the transmitting unit. And receiving the transmission frequency division signal and detecting the transmission frequency. Control signal transmission or calibration.
The receiving unit controls: and controlling the local oscillation frequency of the receiving unit to obtain a received power signal.
And (3) intermediate frequency unit control: acquiring a field intensity pulse envelope signal, and demodulating a Morse code.
Human-computer interaction: and displaying the setting detection content. And operating the equipment.
Network connection: and connecting a professional operation system through a network, returning field detection data and updating operation records.
And (3) detecting the working voltage environment: due to the high frequency of the system, efficient detection in a suitable environment is required. The detection unit is in an internally sealed condition and operates in a nitrogen-filled relative temperature environment. Environmental detection is necessary. The detected data includes voltage, current of each module, temperature, pressure, humidity and the like.
In the embodiment, WiFi and Bluetooth connection is adopted among the units, wired connection is not provided for users, and crosstalk is avoided.
Each unit circuit is separated by adopting a shielding cavity, and each unit circuit is designed in different shielding cavities for avoiding mutual interference among the unit circuits, so that the detection precision of an instrument is improved. Avoid disturbance and resist external disturbance.
And each power supply of each unit circuit is provided with a filter circuit to remove crosstalk introduced by power supply.
Each power supply circuit outputs a main power supply voltage of 6V by the low-noise switch voltage stabilizing circuit; then, the low-noise linear voltage stabilization is performed to generate a circuit analog power supply. The digital power supply is generated by a buck switching regulator circuit.
The utility model discloses a concrete testing process as follows:
a starting calibration process:
setting a frequency scanning step value and an amplitude scanning step value by a user; the transmitting unit transmits an initial scanning amplitude, the frequency starts to scan to a high end from the real scanning frequency according to the step value, thus obtaining the frequency response characteristics of a group of known amplitude values of the receiving unit, and then the amplitude is adjusted according to the amplitude step value to carry out frequency scanning; therefore, the scanning is known to obtain the maximum amplitude, the corresponding relation between the frequency and the amplitude and the detection value is obtained, and an accurate detection result can be obtained through the fitting of the response curve of the radar transponder and interpolation compensation in the detection process.
And (3) detection process:
a user sets detection criteria, wherein the detection criteria comprise detection frequency, bandwidth and sensitivity;
transmitting an analog radar signal within a frequency bandwidth range, triggering a transponder to respond and transmitting a response signal;
after receiving the response signal, splitting the response signal into an amplitude component and a frequency component after frequency mixing;
obtaining a signal envelope according to the amplitude component, and further obtaining a Morse code;
obtaining a voltage from the frequency component;
and adjusting the signal intensity according to the stepping value, and repeating the steps to obtain the detection value of the detected radar responder.
The system outputs a sensitivity value received by the tested transponder with the amplitude adjusted to be positive, and changes the frequency; if the test result can accurately receive the response information, and the response code is in accordance with the setting; at this time, the equipment is qualified. If the individual frequency point does not receive the response information, the amplitude value is increased until all the frequency points receive the response information, and the value at the moment is the detected sensitivity value.
Technical parameter determination:
frequency agility measurement:
and changing the frequency, and if the corresponding signal is changed along with the change of the frequency and the frequency is the same, determining that the tested radar responder has the frequency agility.
Response frequency range measurement: it is determined whether the device is capable of responding within a specified frequency range.
Measurement of the lowest sensitivity:
and continuously adjusting the transmitting amplitude downwards according to the step value set by the user until the radar transponder does not respond, wherein the former amplitude is the lowest sensitivity.
Measurement of Morse code:
and obtaining a signal envelope according to the amplitude component to obtain a Morse code.
Transmission power measurement
A higher value of the credit is selected, the measurement is started and the transponder output power is displayed after the response packet is received.
The utility model discloses a performance detection index is as follows the example:
detection frequency and transmission frequency range: 9300 MHz-9500 MHz;
sensitivity detection range: -10dB to-55 dB;
the detection range of the response transmitting power is 100 mW-20W;
the detection distance (the distance between the detector and the transponder) is 0.5-2 m;
morse code resolution range: all code values suitable for a radar transponder are resolvable.
The detection process of this embodiment is as follows:
starting to operate, firstly, initializing the system to ensure the operating environment of the system and setting detection parameters; the system automatically detects the power supply condition and operation environment of each part of the system; calibrating the system through the internal standard signal to obtain a series of correction parameters detected by the system, wherein the detection result of the system accurately meets the design requirement of the system; and comprehensively detecting a sample target according to the set detection parameters to obtain detection data, calculating a detection result through the calibration data and the set detection parameters, and displaying the detection result to judge whether the product is qualified.
And in the whole detection process, detecting the ambient temperature, and automatically re-calibrating the system if the temperature change exceeds the calibrated temperature by 3 ℃. The accuracy of the detection result is ensured.
As shown in fig. 7, the specific detection steps are as follows:
the transmitting unit transmits a radar analog signal to trigger the response of the transponder.
The transponder receives the radar wave and judges the intensity;
(optionally) tuning the self-response frequency to coincide with the reception frequency in accordance with the reception frequency.
When the preset intensity is reached, the response is triggered, and the preset Morse code is transmitted as a response signal of amplitude modulation.
The receiving unit receives the response signal and collects the signal intensity and the signal frequency.
Morse codes are resolved from the receive intensity envelope.
The emission intensity becomes larger from the minimum, and the response sensitivity can be calculated from the emission intensity when a response occurs.
The transmitting power is improved by 3dB, and the frequency bandwidth is tested by frequency conversion step by step. The transmitting frequency is gradually increased from the low end of the frequency, and the frequency point which is the earliest to respond is the low-end starting point of the frequency response. Otherwise, the frequency is gradually reduced from the highest point of the frequency band, the frequency point which is responded firstly is the high-end point of the frequency response bandwidth, and the response frequency range is between the 2 frequency points.
And when the bandwidth is tested, whether the responder has a frequency agile function can be judged according to the transmitting frequency and the receiving end response frequency.
And calculating the transmitting power according to the received radio frequency strength and the test distance.
Transmit power-response intermediate frequency signal strength-intermediate frequency gain-mixing gain-high frequency gain-receive antenna gain + spatial attenuation.
And calculating the action distance according to the transmitting power and the minimum sensitivity.
The transmission power-receiving antenna gain is equal to the spatial maximum attenuation, and the distance is obtained by the relation between the spatial attenuation and the distance.
And according to the setting criterion or the equipment setting parameter obtained from the system by the network, comparing the result and judging whether the equipment is qualified.
And whether the product is qualified or not is set by a user or a management system.
The detection process of the tester is external detection, the index characteristic of the equipment is reflected in the response signal of the radar responder, and any tested equipment can be detected as long as the tested equipment responds after receiving the radar scanning signal. The detection range comprises a radar transponder for ship distress lifesaving and a radar transmitter under the condition that the gain of a short-distance channel is sufficient.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be equivalent replacement modes, and all are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A portable radar transponder tester, comprising:
a transmitting unit: the device is used for generating a simulation radar signal and triggering a radar responder to work;
a receiving unit: the device is used for receiving a response signal of the detected radar transponder, and the response signal has the same frequency as a signal transmitted by the transmitting unit and is subjected to mixing amplification;
an intermediate frequency unit: the system comprises a frequency mixer, a frequency converter and a frequency converter, wherein the frequency mixer is used for receiving an intermediate frequency signal after frequency mixing amplification, converting the intermediate frequency signal into an amplitude component and a frequency component, and carrying out amplitude modulation demodulation on the amplitude component to obtain a signal envelope;
a digital signal processing unit: respectively connected with the intermediate frequency unit and the transmitting unit; the device comprises a receiving unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the receiving unit is used for receiving a corresponding signal, the corresponding signal comprises a frequency component and an amplitude component of an intermediate frequency unit, and a transmitting intensity signal of a transmitting unit;
the main control unit: the device is respectively connected with the digital signal processing unit, the receiving unit, the intermediate frequency unit and the transmitting unit, and the sensitivity value, the frequency agility, the Morse code, the transmitting power and the working bandwidth of the radar transponder to be detected are measured by acquiring data signals;
the transmitting unit includes:
microwave signal generator: a decimal frequency division phase-locked loop circuit with a VCO is adopted, and a temperature compensation crystal oscillator is adopted as a frequency reference source;
the output microwave signal is filtered by a filter to remove harmonic waves, and then is amplified by a gain amplifier, one path of the amplified signal is subjected to frequency division by a frequency divider to obtain a frequency-divided square wave signal, the frequency-divided square wave signal is input into a main control unit to detect the frequency, the other path of the amplified signal is switched by a signal switch, and one switching signal is input into a power amplification circuit and a numerical control attenuation circuit and is transmitted to a tested radar transponder through a transmitting antenna;
the receiving unit includes:
under the control of the main control unit, receiving a response signal and an internal calibration signal of the tested radar transponder;
the signal is subjected to power detection, and when the signal is strong, the switching signal is directly accessed to a mixer to carry out mixing operation to obtain an intermediate frequency signal; when the signal is small, the signal is amplified by a low-noise amplifier and then added into a mixing circuit;
the intermediate frequency unit includes:
filtering an input intermediate frequency signal by a filter, amplifying one path of the filtered signal by a logarithmic amplifier, and carrying out signal intensity detection, wherein the intensity detection comprises a power component and an amplitude component, the power component is input into a digital signal processing unit, a signal envelope is obtained through the amplitude component, and the signal envelope is input into a main control unit; the other path is amplified by an amplifier, then is subjected to frequency-voltage conversion and is converted into voltage, and the voltage is input into a digital signal processing unit;
the digital signal processing unit comprises four ADC sampling circuits.
2. The portable radar transponder tester of claim 1, wherein the transmitter unit further outputs an internal calibration signal, the internal calibration signal being input to the receiver unit and processed by the receiver unit with the input digital processing unit.
3. The portable radar transponder tester as recited in claim 1, wherein the transmitter unit further comprises a signal switch for switching the signal amplified by the gain amplifier, and the other signal switch for switching the signal, one switching signal is inputted to the power amplifier circuit and the digital controlled attenuator circuit, and the other switching signal is outputted to the internal calibration signal through the digital attenuator circuit.
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| CN202123221510.6U CN217213114U (en) | 2021-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | Portable radar transponder tester |
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| CN202123221510.6U CN217213114U (en) | 2021-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | Portable radar transponder tester |
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