CN217132879U - Concrete gas content measuring device - Google Patents
Concrete gas content measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN217132879U CN217132879U CN202220858750.2U CN202220858750U CN217132879U CN 217132879 U CN217132879 U CN 217132879U CN 202220858750 U CN202220858750 U CN 202220858750U CN 217132879 U CN217132879 U CN 217132879U
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Abstract
Concrete gas content measuring device relates to the concrete detection field. Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art: during traditional concrete gas content was measured, there was the deviation in practical application in the theory of quoting, in addition, the deviation also exists in the instrument manufacture quality, and the problem of error also exists in the operation of detector, the utility model provides a technical scheme does: concrete gas content survey device, the device includes: the concrete measuring pot comprises a sealed air chamber, a concrete measuring pot, a negative pressure chamber, a vacuum hole and a pressure reducing valve; two ends of the concrete measuring bowl are provided with openings, and one opening is provided with a perforated plate which is matched with the opening in shape; one end of the sealed air chamber is closed, the other end of the sealed air chamber is opened, and the open end of the sealed air chamber is hermetically connected with one end of the concrete measuring pot, which is not provided with the perforated plate; one end of the negative pressure chamber is closed, the other end of the negative pressure chamber is opened, and the opening end of the negative pressure chamber is hermetically connected with one end of the concrete measuring pot, which is provided with a perforated plate; the vacuum hole is arranged on the negative pressure chamber; the pressure reducing valve is arranged on the sealed air chamber. The method is suitable for being applied to the work of concrete gas content detection.
Description
Technical Field
Relate to the concrete detection field, concretely relates to survey device of concrete gas content.
Background
The traditional concrete gas content tester measures the gas content of concrete according to a gas equation, and the gas content of the concrete tested by the tester has a large error all the time.
As is well known, the gaseous equation is an equation that is established under ideal gas conditions: the ideal gas has the characteristics of no interaction force between molecules on the micro scale and no volume occupied by the molecules, and the pressure of the gas is close to zero.
When the traditional concrete gas content measuring instrument is used for measuring the gas content of concrete, the space of a gas chamber of the concrete gas content measuring instrument is very small, the air in a compressed gas chamber exerts pressure on the concrete, the gas is compressed, interaction force exists among gas molecules, and the working state has larger deviation with ideal gas.
Therefore, the traditional concrete air content tester has the following defects: the cited theory has deviation in practical application, besides, the manufacturing quality of the instrument also has deviation, and the operation of a detector also has error.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art: during traditional concrete gas content was measured, there was the deviation in practical application in the theory of quoting, in addition, the deviation also exists in the instrument manufacture quality, and the problem of error also exists in the operation of detector, the utility model provides a technical scheme does:
concrete gas content survey device, the device include: the concrete measuring pot comprises a sealed air chamber, a concrete measuring pot, a negative pressure chamber, a vacuum hole and a pressure reducing valve;
the concrete measuring bowl is of a structure with two open ends,
the concrete measuring bowl is used for containing concrete to be measured;
the sealing air chamber is only provided with one opening end which is connected with one opening end of the concrete measuring pot in a sealing way;
the negative pressure chamber is only provided with one opening, the opening is hermetically connected with the opening at the other end of the concrete measuring pot, and a perforated plate which is adaptive to the shape of the opening is arranged on the opening;
the vacuum hole is arranged on the side wall of the negative pressure chamber;
the pressure reducing valve is arranged on the side wall of the sealed air chamber and used for adjusting the pressure in the sealed air chamber when the pressure reducing valve is opened.
Furthermore, the sealed air chamber is connected with the concrete measuring bowl through a flange, and the concrete measuring bowl is connected with the negative pressure chamber through a flange.
Preferably, the device further comprises: and one sealing ring is arranged between the concrete measuring pot and the sealing air chamber, and the other sealing ring is arranged between the concrete measuring pot and the negative pressure chamber.
Preferably, the device further comprises: and the clamping devices are uniformly distributed at the joint of the concrete measuring pot and the sealing air chamber and the joint of the concrete measuring pot and the negative pressure chamber and are used for fixing the flange when the sealing air chamber is connected with the concrete measuring pot and the concrete measuring pot is connected with the negative pressure chamber.
Preferably, the chucking device include holding bolt, fixed dop and activity dop, fixed dop be the U type, the screw rod of holding bolt pass a lateral wall of fixed dop and with this lateral wall screw-thread fit, the tip of screw rod stretch into the U type opening of fixed dop inside, and with the activity dop rotate to be connected, through rotating holding bolt drive the activity dop be in U type opening inside along the axis direction of screw rod do reciprocating motion.
Further, the device further comprises: the pressure gauge is arranged on the side wall of the sealed air chamber and used for measuring the pressure inside the sealed air chamber.
Furthermore, the sealed air chamber is hemispherical.
Further, the concrete measuring bowl is in a shape of a right circular truncated cone.
Further, the negative pressure chamber is barrel-shaped.
Furthermore, the thickness of the perforated plate is 6mm, and the aperture is 0.08 mm.
The utility model discloses an useful part lies in:
the theory of operation of device be different completely with prior art, specifically have: 1. the utility model discloses be different from prior art, need not carry out data calibration to the concrete volume alms bowl earlier, solved prior art and detected the at first needs based on calibration before 0 points of air content, air content 1% -10% use of concrete volume alms bowl of air content in-process, lead to the unsafe problem of data because of the error causes among the actual operation process.
The utility model discloses be different from prior art, theoretical basis is not ideal state gas equation, but takes the gas in the concrete out with the vacuum pump, then fills up the depressed part volume that the gas concrete left in taking out with the drinking water, and the percentage that the volume of this part drinking water was divided by the volume in the alms bowl concrete volume is this concrete air content promptly.
The utility model discloses the principle is clear and definite, succinct understandable.
Because do not need to mark, do not have the difference influence of ideal state and actual state, so the utility model provides a device is in the application of survey concrete air content, because of having reduced a middle link of demarcation, the error of result is compared in prior art littleer.
The method is suitable for being applied to concrete gas content detection work.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a concrete gas content measuring apparatus according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a concrete measuring bowl according to a sixth embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the concrete dosing block shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the concrete dosing block shown in FIG. 3;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the chucking device according to the second embodiment.
Wherein 1 denotes a sealed air chamber, 2 denotes a concrete measuring bowl, 3 denotes a negative pressure chamber, 4 denotes a pressure gauge, 5 denotes a vacuum pipe, 6 denotes a perforated plate, 7 denotes a chucking device, 71 denotes a set bolt, 72 denotes a fixed chuck, 73 denotes a movable chuck, 8 denotes a seal ring, and 9 denotes a pressure reducing valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the advantages and benefits of the technical solutions provided by the present invention clearer, several embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail, in particular with reference to the accompanying drawings:
first embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the present embodiment provides a concrete gas content measuring apparatus including: the concrete pouring device comprises a sealed air chamber 1, a concrete measuring bowl 2, a negative pressure chamber 3, a vacuum hole and a pressure reducing valve 9;
the concrete measuring bowl 2 is of a structure with two open ends,
the concrete measuring bowl 2 is used for containing concrete to be measured;
the sealed air chamber 1 is only provided with one open end which is hermetically connected with one end opening of the concrete measuring bowl 2;
the negative pressure chamber 3 is only provided with one opening which is connected with the opening at the other end of the concrete measuring pot 2 in a sealing way, and a perforated plate 6 which is adaptive to the shape of the opening is arranged on the opening;
the vacuum holes are arranged on the side wall of the negative pressure chamber 3;
the pressure reducing valve 9 is arranged on the side wall of the sealed air chamber 1 and used for adjusting the pressure in the sealed air chamber 1 when the pressure reducing valve is opened.
Specifically, the perforated plate 6 has a thickness of 6mm and a hole diameter of 0.08mm, and is used for circulating air inside the concrete; in the actual use process, a layer of plastic film is attached to one side of the perforated plate 6 facing the negative pressure chamber 3, and the film needs to be torn off after the volume calibration of the concrete measuring bowl is finished, so that air contained in the concrete in the measuring bowl can be conveniently pumped by a vacuum pump in the later period;
the vacuum hole is connected with a vacuum tube 5, and the vacuum tube 5 is connected with a vacuum pump.
In the second embodiment, the concrete air content measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment is further limited to the first embodiment, in which the airtight air chamber 1 is flange-connected to the concrete measuring pot 2, and the concrete measuring pot 2 is flange-connected to the negative pressure chamber 3.
Third embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, and the present embodiment is a further limitation of the concrete gas content measuring apparatus according to the second embodiment, the apparatus further including: and two sealing rings 8, wherein one sealing ring 8 is arranged between the concrete measuring bowl 2 and the sealing air chamber 1, and the other sealing ring 8 is arranged between the concrete measuring bowl 2 and the negative pressure chamber 3.
A sealing ring 8 is added to the connecting part, so that the sealing capacity of the device is further increased.
A fourth embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 2, and the present embodiment is further limited to the concrete air content measuring apparatus according to any one of the second to third embodiments, further including: a plurality of chucking devices 7, a plurality of chucking devices 7 evenly distributed be in concrete volume alms bowl 2 and sealed air chamber 1's junction and concrete volume alms bowl 2 and negative pressure chamber 3's junction, be used for when sealed air chamber 1 with concrete volume alms bowl 2 be connected, concrete volume alms bowl 2 with negative pressure chamber 3 when connecting, fix the flange.
Fifth, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 6, and the present embodiment further defines the concrete air content measuring apparatus provided in the fourth embodiment, wherein the clamping device 7 includes a fastening bolt 71, a fixed chuck 72 and a movable chuck 73, the fixed chuck 72 is U-shaped, a screw rod of the fastening bolt 71 passes through one side wall of the fixed chuck 72 and is in threaded fit with the side wall, an end portion of the screw rod extends into a U-shaped opening of the fixed chuck 72 and is rotatably connected to the movable chuck 73, and the movable chuck 73 is driven to reciprocate along an axial direction of the screw rod in the U-shaped opening by rotating the fastening bolt 71.
Specifically, after the flange connection, the flange is further fixed by using a clamping device 7 at the outer side of the flange, so that the stability of the device is improved, and the sealing capability of the device can be improved; by rotating the fastening bolt 71, the distance between the movable chuck 73 and the side wall of the U-shaped structure on the side far away from the fastening bolt is reduced, so that the upper flange and the lower flange are clamped.
Sixth embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 2, and is further limited to the concrete air content measuring apparatus according to any one of first to third embodiments and fifth embodiment, the apparatus further including: and the pressure gauge 4 is arranged on the side wall of the sealed air chamber 1 and used for measuring the pressure inside the sealed air chamber 1.
Specifically, the purpose of the pressure gauge 4 is as follows: used for judging the gas-containing condition in the concrete.
The pressure gauge 4 is added, so that the internal pressure condition of the device can be obtained in real time through the pressure gauge 4 in the actual measurement and operation processes of the device, and convenience is brought to the measurement process.
Seventh embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 2, and the present embodiment is a further limitation of the concrete air content measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment, and the sealed air chamber 1 has a hemispherical shape.
Hemispherical sealed air chamber 1 bears the ability of pressure stronger to internal pressure distributes evenly, increases the life of device, and after installation manometer 4 on sealed air chamber 1, can make the operator master the gas exhaust degree in the volume alms bowl in real time in the concrete.
In the eighth embodiment, the concrete air content measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment is further limited to the concrete air content measuring apparatus according to the eighth embodiment, and the concrete measuring bowl 2 has a right circular truncated cone shape.
The design is positive round platform type, is convenient for not disturb the natural flow of concrete when the splendid attire concrete, and can the splendid attire more concrete, because the end opening diameter is greater than the end opening diameter, does benefit to the inside gas of the concrete of managing to find time fast like this.
In the ninth embodiment, the concrete air content measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment is further limited, and the negative pressure chamber 3 is barrel-shaped, and the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
The barrel-shaped suction chamber 3 serves as a base to make the operation of the apparatus more stable.
In the tenth embodiment, the concrete air content measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment is further defined, wherein the perforated plate 6 has a thickness of 6mm and a hole diameter of 0.08 mm.
The present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 2, as an eleventh embodiment, which is a method of using the concrete air content measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
calibrating the volume of the concrete measuring bowl 2;
measuring the air content of the aggregate;
and (3) gas content determination: and obtaining the gas content of the concrete through the volume of the concrete measuring bowl 2 and the gas content of the aggregate.
Specifically, the determination mode of the air content of the aggregate is as follows:
calibration of volume V of concrete measuring pot
Firstly, weighing the total mass of the concrete measuring bowl 2 and the glass sheets, then filling the concrete measuring bowl 2 with drinking water, then horizontally pushing the glass sheets along the top surface of the measuring bowl, and adding water into the measuring bowl by using the ear washing ball while pushing so as to ensure that no bubbles exist below the glass sheets. And then wiping off the water overflowing to the outer surface of the measuring pot by using a rag, weighing the total mass of the concrete measuring pot 2, the water and the glass sheets, and dividing the difference of the two masses by the density of the water at the temperature to obtain the volume V of the measuring pot.
Secondly, measuring the air content C of the aggregate
Determination of aggregate open pore volume, i.e. volume V' of aggregate gas content
Drying and cooling the coarse and fine aggregates, accurately weighing 2000g of the coarse and fine aggregates, carefully adding the coarse and fine aggregates into a 2000ml wide-mouth glass bottle by using a funnel, then adding room-temperature drinking water, enabling the water surface to be higher than the bottle mouth, then horizontally pushing a glass sheet along the top surface of the glass bottle, adding water into the bottle by using a aurilave while pushing the glass sheet so as to ensure that no bubbles exist below the glass sheet, and carefully taking down the glass sheet. The aggregate was soaked for 24h at room temperature.
Carefully covering the glass sheet on the bottle mouth, and weighing the total mass m of the aggregate, the water, the bottle and the glass sheet 1 . Because the aggregate is open and the pore absorbs water, the water surface in the bottle is concave at the moment, room-temperature drinking water is added into the bottle by the ear washing ball, and the glass sheet is pushed along the bottle mouth while water is added, so that no bubbles are left under the glass sheet. Wiping off the water outside the bottle, weighing the total mass m of the aggregate, the water, the bottle and the glass sheet again 2 ，
m′＝m 2 -m 1 ,
In the formula: m' represents the aggregate open pore water absorption mass, m 2 Represents the total mass of aggregate, water, bottles and glass flakes, m, weighed for the second time 1 Represents the total mass of aggregate, water, bottles and glass flakes weighed for the first time;
V'＝m'÷ρ T ，
in the formula: v 'represents aggregate open pore volume, m' represents aggregate open pore water absorption mass, ρ T Represents the density of water at the test temperature T;
thirdly, determination of the apparent volume V' of the aggregate
Pouring the aggregate into a tray, putting the tray into a drying oven with the temperature of 105 +/-5 ℃ for drying until the constant weight is reached, putting the tray into a dryer for cooling to the room temperature, and weighing the drying mass m of the aggregate 0 Washing the wide-mouth bottle, refilling with drinking water until the water level is higher than the bottle mouth, and then using a glass sheetHorizontally pushing along the top surface of the glass bottle, adding water into the bottle by using an ear washing ball while pushing to ensure that no air bubbles exist below the glass sheet, wiping off the water outside the bottle, and weighing the total mass m of the water, the bottle and the glass sheet 3 。
γ＝m 0 ÷(m 0 +m 3 -m 2 )，
In the formula: gamma denotes the apparent relative density of the aggregate, dimensionless, m 0 Represents the oven-dried mass of the aggregate, m 3 Denotes the total mass of water, bottle and glass sheet, m 2 Representing the total mass of aggregate, water, bottles and glass flakes.
ρ a ＝γ×ρ T ，
In the formula: rho a Represents the aggregate apparent density;
V”＝m 0 ÷ρ a ，
in the formula: v "represents the apparent volume of aggregate, m 0 Represents the oven-dried mass of the aggregate, ρ a Represents the aggregate apparent density;
calculation of aggregate gas content C
C＝(V'÷V”)×100％，
In the formula: c represents the aggregate gas content, V 'aggregate open pore volume, V' aggregate apparent volume.
The concrete gas content measuring method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of loading fresh concrete into concrete measuring bowls 2 in a layered mode, enabling half of the height of each layer of the concrete measuring bowls 2 to be slightly higher, inserting and tamping a steel tamper with the diameter of 16mm multiplied by 40mm into the middle of each layer of the concrete measuring bowls 2 for about 10 times along the spiral direction of the edge of each measuring bowl, enabling the tamper to be about 20mm away from a bottom plate of each concrete measuring bowl 2 when the tamper is inserted and tamped for the first layer, inserting the tamper into the first layer for about 20mm when the tamper is inserted and tamping the second layer, slightly striking the concrete measuring bowls 2 for about 8 times along the periphery of the outer wall of each concrete measuring bowl 2 by using small rubber hammers after the concrete measuring bowls 2 are completely filled and are completely filled, then carefully troweling the concrete, carefully wiping the concrete on a flange by using cleaning cloth, assembling the concrete measuring bowls 2 and a sealed air chamber 1 together, and tightly nipping the concrete measuring bowls by using clips.
Concrete slurry overflowing from the perforated plate 6 at the lower part of the concrete container is carefully wiped off by using a rag, then the concrete slurry and the concrete measuring bowl 2 are assembled into a whole, and the concrete measuring bowl is clamped tightly by using a clip. After the three parts of the sealed air chamber 1, the concrete measuring bowl 2 and the negative pressure chamber are tightly connected into an integral assembly through inspection, the pressure reducing valve on the sealed air chamber 1 is tightly closed, the vacuum pump and the assembly are tightly connected, a vacuum pump switch is switched on, gas in the concrete is extracted, and the vacuum pump switch is switched off until the pointer of the pressure gauge 4 on the sealed air chamber 1 approaches zero.
Loosening the clip between the concrete measuring bowl 2 and the sealing air chamber 1 and the clip between the concrete measuring bowl 2 and the negative pressure chamber in sequence, carefully collecting clean cement slurry overflowing from the concrete measuring bowl 2, completely adding the cement slurry into the concrete with the upper opening of the concrete measuring bowl 2 sunken, covering a glass sheet, and weighing the total mass m of the concrete measuring bowl 2, the concrete and the glass sheet at the moment 4 . Carefully adding drinking water into the unfilled concrete recess by using an ear washing ball, adding water while horizontally pushing a glass sheet along the top surface of the measuring pot, ensuring that no bubbles exist under the glass sheet, wiping off water outside the measuring pot, and weighing the total mass m of the concrete measuring pot 2, the concrete, the water and the glass sheet at the moment 5 。
First, calculate the mass of water added in this process, i.e. the mass m "of water used to fill the air voids and aggregate open pores in the concrete.
m″＝m 5 -m 4 ，
In the formula: m' represents the mass of water, m 5 Represents the total mass of concrete, measuring bowl, water and glass sheet, m 4 Represents the total mass of concrete, measuring bowl and glass sheet;
secondly, calculating the volume V for filling the sunken part of water, namely filling the air space and the aggregate opening space in the concrete 1 ：
V 1 ＝m”÷ρ T
In the formula: v 1 Denotes the volume of water used to fill the pit section, m "denotes the total mass of water (total mass of water used to fill the air voids and aggregate open pores in the concrete), ρ T The density of water at the test temperature T is shown.
Thirdly, calculating the volume V of the part of water filling the concrete pit 1 Accounts for the percentage A of the total concrete volume in the concrete measuring pot 2 1 。
A 1 ＝(V 1 ÷V)×100％，
In the formula: a. the 1 Represents the sum of the gas contents of concrete and aggregate, V 1 Represents the volume of water, and V represents the volume of concrete in the measuring pot;
and fourthly, calculating the gas content A of the concrete.
A＝A 1 -C。
A twelfth embodiment is directed to the method for measuring a gas content in concrete according to the eleventh embodiment, wherein the step of measuring the gas content in the aggregate includes:
the method comprises the following steps:
measuring the open pore volume of the aggregate;
measuring the apparent volume of the aggregate;
and obtaining the air content of the aggregate through the open pores of the aggregate and the apparent volume of the aggregate.
In a thirteenth embodiment, which is further limited to the method for measuring a gas content in concrete according to the eleventh embodiment, the gas content measuring step specifically includes:
the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining the sum of the gas contents of concrete and aggregate;
and obtaining the gas content of the concrete according to the sum of the gas contents of the concrete and the aggregate and the gas content of the aggregate.
The above technical solution provided by the present invention is further described in detail through several embodiments, so as to make the advantages and useful parts of the technical solution provided by the present invention embodied more clearly, and not used as a right limitation of the present invention, any changes based on the spirit and principle scope of the present invention, to the combination, improvement and equivalent replacement of the modifications, embodiments, etc. of the present invention should be all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Concrete gas content survey device, its characterized in that, the device include: the concrete measuring device comprises a sealed air chamber (1), a concrete measuring bowl (2), a negative pressure chamber (3), a vacuum hole and a pressure reducing valve;
the concrete measuring bowl (2) is of a structure with two open ends,
the concrete measuring bowl (2) is used for containing concrete to be measured;
the sealing air chamber (1) is only provided with one opening end which is connected with one opening end of the concrete measuring bowl (2) in a sealing way;
the negative pressure chamber (3) is only provided with one opening which is connected with the other end opening of the concrete measuring pot (2) in a sealing way, and a perforated plate (6) which is adaptive to the shape of the opening is arranged on the opening;
the vacuum holes are arranged on the side wall of the negative pressure chamber (3);
the pressure reducing valve is arranged on the side wall of the sealed air chamber (1) and used for adjusting the pressure in the sealed air chamber (1) when the pressure reducing valve is opened.
2. The concrete air content measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the sealed air chamber (1) is flange-connected to the concrete measuring bowl (2), and the concrete measuring bowl (2) is flange-connected to the negative pressure chamber (3).
3. The apparatus for determining the gas content in concrete according to claim 2, further comprising: and two sealing rings (8), wherein one sealing ring (8) is arranged between the concrete measuring pot (2) and the sealing air chamber (1), and the other sealing ring (8) is arranged between the concrete measuring pot (2) and the negative pressure chamber (3).
4. The concrete air content measuring device according to any one of claims 2 to 3, further comprising: a plurality of chucking devices (7), a plurality of chucking devices (7) evenly distributed be in concrete volume alms bowl (2) and sealed air chamber (1) the junction with concrete volume alms bowl (2) and negative pressure chamber (3) the junction, be used for sealed air chamber (1) with concrete volume alms bowl (2) when connecting concrete volume alms bowl (2) with negative pressure chamber (3) when connecting, fix the flange.
5. The concrete gas content measuring device according to claim 4, wherein the clamping device (7) comprises a fastening bolt (71), a fixed chuck (72) and a movable chuck (73), the fixed chuck (72) is U-shaped, a screw rod of the fastening bolt (71) penetrates through one side wall of the fixed chuck (72) and is in threaded fit with the side wall, the end part of the screw rod extends into the U-shaped opening of the fixed chuck (72) and is rotatably connected with the movable chuck (73), and the movable chuck (73) is driven to reciprocate in the U-shaped opening along the axial direction of the screw rod by rotating the fastening bolt (71).
6. The concrete air content measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 5, further comprising: the pressure gauge (4) is arranged on the side wall of the sealed air chamber (1) and used for measuring the pressure inside the sealed air chamber (1).
7. The concrete air content measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the sealed air chamber (1) has a hemispherical shape.
8. The concrete air content measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the concrete measuring bowl (2) is a right circular truncated cone.
9. The concrete air content measuring device according to claim 1, wherein said negative pressure chamber (3) is barrel-shaped.
10. The concrete air content measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the perforated plate (6) has a thickness of 6mm and a hole diameter of 0.08 mm.
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