CN217106978U

CN217106978U - Non-contact caliper logger

Info

Publication number: CN217106978U
Application number: CN202220327921.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 殷艳利; 柳杨
Original assignee: China Institute of Radio Wave Propagation CETC 22 Research Institute
Current assignee: China Institute of Radio Wave Propagation CETC 22 Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-02-17
Filing date: 2022-02-17
Publication date: 2022-08-02
Anticipated expiration: 2032-02-17

Abstract

The utility model discloses a non-contact caliper logger, which comprises a housin, the one end of casing is the upper cover cap, the other end is lower end cap, set up axial spontaneous ultrasonic transducer and sound wave plane of reflection in the casing, on the casing along the equidistant a plurality of through-holes of seting up of axial on the surface, and each through-hole is in the angular interval spiral distribution such as in proper order in the circumference of casing, all set up radial spontaneous ultrasonic transducer of receiving in each through-hole, above-mentioned each spontaneous ultrasonic transducer of receiving's the same structure, all including the shell that has the opening, at the bottom installation backing material of shell, set up the matching material at the opening part of shell, backing material in the shell and match and set up piezoceramics between the material. The utility model discloses a non-contact caliper surveys appearance adopts the non-contact method to survey the well size, has overcome caliper and has surveyed the appearance and not wear-resisting, easily meet shortcomings such as card.

Description

Non-contact caliper logger

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a well diameter logging field, specific non-contact well diameter logger in this field that says so.

Background

Caliper logging is commonly used to indicate borehole enlargement and reduction, to aid in the demarcation of lithology and borehole corrections for certain logging methods, and in cased holes to examine the inside diameter of the casing to determine casing damage. The traditional well diameter is detected by drawing and stretching an arm-stretching type well diameter instrument, although the method is simple in principle, the stretched well diameter arm is always in close contact and friction with the well wall in the whole construction process, the service life of the well diameter is shortened, and the instrument is easy to clamp and break when the well condition is not good. Nowadays, in order to improve oil and gas yield, oil fields are developed almost all in highly deviated wells and horizontal wells, traditional cable logging is gradually replaced by pump-out type and direct-push type construction modes, and a certain well diameter arm is seriously abraded due to the fact that the whole instrument string is always attached to one side. If the instrument is blocked in the well logging, the instrument can not be commanded to retract legs like cable logging, and the instrument is easily broken and even threatens the construction safety of the whole underground string.

The conventional caliper gauge quantifies the borehole size through the opening degree of the mechanical arm, and fig. 1 shows a leg-expanding caliper, wherein 11 is an upper cover cap, 12 is a caliper arm, 13 is a shell, and 14 is a lower plug; the form is generally used for well conditions with cable measurement and small inclination, and after the underground instrument reaches a target section, the underground instrument is controlled to open different sizes, shut off and the like by issuing different commands. FIG. 2 is an arcuate caliper wherein 21 is an upper cap, 22 is a caliper arm, 23 is a mandrel, 24 is a spring, and 25 is a lower plug; the form can bear larger bearing force and is mainly used for construction of large slopes and horizontal wells. 3a and 3b are ultrasonic while drilling, wherein 31 is a drill collar, 32 is an ultrasonic window, 33 is an ultrasonic transducer, three windows are formed at the same interface of the drill collar at equal angles, and the ultrasonic transducer is arranged. Firstly, the transducer excites an acoustic signal, then an echo signal is received, and the size of the borehole is calculated by calculating the time difference from the emission to the reception of the acoustic signal and combining the speed of the logging fluid.

The conventional mechanical well diameter detector has the following defects: firstly, the service life is short, the well diameter arms need to be replaced frequently, and because strong friction exists between an instrument and a well during measurement, the friction born by each well diameter arm is not balanced under the influence of well conditions, and one arm is often damaged; and secondly, the borehole is easy to block, due to the complex geological condition of the open hole and irregular borehole, the caliper is easily caught by obstacles, when the pressure applying force is high, the arms are likely to be broken, so that the safety of the whole underground string is endangered, and in addition, when a hard object is mixed between the caliper arms, the situation that the legs cannot be retracted is caused. The principle of ultrasonic while drilling is different from that of the former two, the ultrasonic while drilling adopts a non-contact method, the size of a borehole is calculated by measuring the echo time difference, but the ultrasonic while drilling is used on a thicker drill collar after all, the size is much larger compared with a logging instrument, the ultrasonic while drilling is influenced by an ultrasonic measurement sound echo blind zone, and the method is not suitable for open hole well logging by arranging three ultrasonic detection methods on the same interface at equal angles for the ultrasonic while drilling.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that a non-contact caliper logger is provided, can effectively avoid meeting the condition emergence of card in the pit when stand wear and tear.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme:

in a non-contact caliper tool, the improvement comprising: the self-receiving ultrasonic transducer comprises a shell, wherein one end of the shell is an upper cover cap, the other end of the shell is a lower plug, an axial self-receiving ultrasonic transducer and a sound wave reflecting surface are arranged in the shell, a plurality of through holes are formed in the surface of the shell at equal intervals along the axial direction, the through holes are spirally distributed in the circumferential direction of the shell at equal angular intervals in sequence, radial self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are arranged in the through holes, the self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are identical in structure and comprise shells with openings, backing materials are installed at the bottoms of the shells, matching materials are arranged at the openings of the shells, and piezoelectric ceramics are arranged between the backing materials and the matching materials in the shells.

Further, the number of the through holes is 6.

Furthermore, each self-generating ultrasonic transducer is in a pressure bearing form, and the center frequency is 250 kHz.

Furthermore, each self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer is externally connected with and respectively controlled by an underground circuit system.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the non-contact caliper logging instrument disclosed by the utility model adopts a non-contact method to detect the borehole size, and overcomes the defects that the caliper logging instrument is not wear-resistant and is easy to be blocked; due to the fact that underground geological conditions are complex, failure of the self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers can be caused by other sudden reasons sometimes, the probability that the self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers fail at the same time can be reduced by spirally arranging the self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers at equal intervals in the axial direction of the logging instrument and at equal angular intervals in sequence along the circumferential direction, and one-time logging success is well guaranteed; because the borehole is not round under normal conditions, utilize the utility model discloses a plurality of spontaneous and spontaneous ultrasonic transducers of receiving of non-contact caliper tool can calculate the borehole size more accurately and adopt the multiple spot fitting method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a legged caliper;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a bow caliper configuration;

FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultrasonic caliper while drilling;

FIG. 3b is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 3 a;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-contact caliper tool disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-generating and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer in the non-contact caliper disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Description of the drawings: 11 is an upper cover cap, 12 is a borehole diameter arm, 13 is a shell, 14 is a lower plug, 21 is an upper cover cap, 22 is a borehole diameter arm, 23 is a mandrel, 24 is a spring, 25 is a lower plug, 31 is a drill collar, 32 is an ultrasonic window, 33 is an ultrasonic transducer, 41 is an upper cover cap, 42-48 are self-generating and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers, 49 is a sound wave reflecting surface, 410 is a lower plug, 51 is a shell, 52 is a backing material, 53 is piezoelectric ceramic, and 54 is a matching material.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 4, this embodiment discloses a non-contact borehole diameter logging tool, which is a logging tool for an open hole well, and is mainly used for detecting a borehole size range, and uses a self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer (piezoelectric transducer) to transmit an ultrasonic signal and perform data acquisition on a subsequent echo signal, and specifically includes a housing, one end of which is an upper cap 41, the other end of which is a lower cap 410, an axial self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer 48 and a sound wave reflecting surface 49 are disposed in the housing, 6 through holes are disposed on the surface of the housing at equal intervals along the axial direction, and each through hole is spirally distributed at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the housing, and radial self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers 42-47 are disposed in each through hole, as shown in fig. 5, the self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers have the same structure and include a housing 51 with an opening, a backing material 52 is mounted to the bottom of the housing, a matching material 54 is disposed at the opening of the housing, and a piezoelectric ceramic 53 is disposed between the backing material and the matching material within the housing. Each self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer is in a pressure-bearing form, the center frequency is 250kHz, in order to ensure that the self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer can better exchange energy with surrounding media, the matching material with a certain thickness is added in front of the piezoelectric ceramic, the self-generating and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer stops after the residual vibration of a plurality of periods after the transmission excitation, if the time is too long, the received signal will be annihilated, for example, assuming a sufficiently strong amplitude of residual oscillation with period n, period T, velocity v of the fluid in the well, the distance L =0.5 × n × T × v of the blind area, when a certain self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer is right below the borehole, the effective distance is small, a useful receiving signal is not easily distinguished, the back of the self-generating and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer is provided with a proper backing material, so that residual vibration of the self-generating and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer is absorbed, and the resolution of useful signals is improved.

The self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are externally connected with and respectively controlled by an underground circuit system. The underground circuit system controls 6 radial self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers one by one, transmits ultrasonic signals one by one according to a set time sequence, starts AD to collect a received signal with enough length, starts the transmission and signal collection of an axial self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer (a fluid speed measuring transducer), and measures the fluid speed v =2 xd/deltat if the distance from the axial self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducer to a reflecting surface is d and the measured echo difference is delta t.

When the logging instrument works in a cable logging mode, data are uploaded to a ground system in real time through a cable, and if the logging instrument works in a drilling tool construction mode in a storage mode, the data stored underground are read after the logging instrument is lifted out of the ground.

Finally, well bore size data is provided, and for the ultrasonic while drilling, the approximate size of the well bore is calculated through a three-point co-circle method. Because the 6 self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are spirally distributed at equal intervals in the axial direction and at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction, firstly, 6 groups of distance values are corresponding to the same depth point according to depth transition, then, intervals [0, 360 degrees ] are divided at equal intervals, the endpoint value of each interval is equal to one of the 6 groups, the function corresponding to each interval is a cubic polynomial and has a second derivative, namely, the 6 groups of data are fitted by adopting a cubic spline interpolation method, and more accurate borehole size can be calculated.

In the embodiment, 6 self-generating and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are spirally arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the logging instrument at equal angles, the distance corresponding to the direction of the self-generating and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers is calculated by calculating the echo time difference, finally, the shape of a well hole is synthesized at the same depth point, the 6 radial self-generating and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are alternately transmitted and received during working and are used for detecting the distance corresponding to the direction, and the axial self-generating and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers which are fixedly transmitted and received by the logging instrument are used for measuring the velocity of a fluid in the well.

In the embodiment, 6 self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are spirally arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction and equal angles in the circumferential direction, the borehole size is detected by calculating the corresponding track distance value, any change of the number of the transducers, the angles among the transducers and the distances among the transducers is considered to be included in the protection scope of the patent, and any change of the center resonance frequency of the transducers is considered to be included in the protection scope of the patent.

Claims

1. A non-contact caliper tool, characterized in that: the self-receiving ultrasonic transducer comprises a shell, wherein one end of the shell is an upper cover cap, the other end of the shell is a lower plug, an axial self-receiving ultrasonic transducer and a sound wave reflecting surface are arranged in the shell, a plurality of through holes are formed in the surface of the shell at equal intervals along the axial direction, the through holes are spirally distributed in the circumferential direction of the shell at equal angular intervals in sequence, radial self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are arranged in the through holes, the self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are identical in structure and comprise shells with openings, backing materials are installed at the bottoms of the shells, matching materials are arranged at the openings of the shells, and piezoelectric ceramics are arranged between the backing materials and the matching materials in the shells.

2. The non-contact caliper tool of claim 1, wherein: the number of through holes is 6.

3. The non-contact caliper tool of claim 1, wherein: each self-generating ultrasonic transducer is in a pressure bearing mode, and the center frequency is 250 kHz.

4. The non-contact caliper tool of claim 1, wherein: the self-transmitting and self-receiving ultrasonic transducers are externally connected with and respectively controlled by an underground circuit system.