CN217095692U - Alloy additive manufacturing control system based on selective laser melting - Google Patents
Alloy additive manufacturing control system based on selective laser melting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an alloy vibration material disk control system based on laser election district is melted, wherein control system includes: the laser emission module is used for outputting laser; a forming chamber including a forming cylinder for manufacturing a desired workpiece; and the winding module is used for providing an alternating magnetic field for the forming cylinder. The utility model provides a scheme that selective melting vibration material disk fine grain of alloy laser is reinforceed based on alternating magnetic field, through the texture of compound field effect suppression aluminum alloy dendrite along the thermal diffusion direction, block epitaxial growth, realize that the crystalline grain refines and directional solidification to strengthen the organizational performance. The utility model discloses but wide application in laser melting technical field.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a laser melting technical field especially relates to an alloy vibration material disk control system based on melting is selected to laser.
Background
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a major technical approach in the additive manufacturing of metallic materials. The technology selects laser as an energy source, scans layer by layer on a metal powder bed layer according to a planned path in a three-dimensional CAD slicing model, achieves the effect of metallurgical bonding by melting and solidifying the scanned metal powder, and finally obtains the metal part designed by the model.
During the solidification of the melt, the crystals are all solidified along the direction of the thermal gradient to form elongated columnar crystals or dendrites. In the additive manufacturing, due to the fast cooling speed, the main temperature gradient is along the construction direction (layer-by-layer stacking direction), which may cause the crystal to grow along the construction direction, which is not favorable for the improvement of the mechanical property. Such as: in the case of aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is a face-centered cubic crystal, so that it is aligned along the <100> crystal direction when grown in the structural direction, which is disadvantageous in improving the performance.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model aims at providing an alloy vibration material disk control system based on melting is selected to laser.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:
a laser selective melting based alloy additive manufacturing control system comprising:
the laser emission module is used for outputting laser;
a forming chamber including a forming cylinder for manufacturing a desired workpiece;
and the winding module is used for providing an alternating magnetic field for the forming cylinder.
Further, the alloy is copper alloy, aluminum alloy or aluminum magnesium alloy.
Further, the winding module comprises an electromagnet winding and a control circuit;
the control circuit is used for controlling the electromagnet winding to output an alternating magnetic field with a preset waveform;
the preset waveform is a square wave, a triangular wave, a triangle-like waveform or a sine wave.
Further, the preset waveform is a triangle-like waveform;
the control circuit comprises a first waveform input circuit and a second waveform input circuit which have the same circuit structure;
a first square wave is input into the input end of the first waveform input circuit, the first output end of the first waveform input circuit is connected with the first end of the electromagnet winding, and the second output end of the first waveform input circuit is connected with the second end of the electromagnet winding;
a second square wave is input into the input end of the second waveform input circuit, the first output end of the second waveform input circuit is connected with the second end of the electromagnet winding, and the second output end of the second waveform input circuit is connected with the first end of the electromagnet winding;
the first square wave and the second square wave differ by half a period.
Further, the first waveform input circuit comprises an optical coupler device and an NMOS tube;
the first square wave is used as the input of the optical coupler, the output of the optical coupler is connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS tube, the drain electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with the first end of the electromagnet winding, and the source electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with the second end of the electromagnet winding.
Further, the installation angle of the electromagnet winding can be adjusted according to the crystal texture direction of the alloy.
Further, the laser emission module comprises a laser, an optical fiber, a collimator, a galvanometer, a collimator and a field lens;
the laser is used for generating laser;
laser is input into the collimator through an optical fiber, and enters the galvanometer after passing through the collimator; the galvanometer adjusts the position of laser on the forming cylinder through an internal deflection lens;
and the field lens carries out focusing treatment on the laser passing through the galvanometer.
Further, the laser can output laser light with different frequencies or different powers.
Further, still be equipped with powder jar and scraper blade in the shaping room, the bottom of powder jar is equipped with elevating gear.
Furthermore, a powder falling device and a powder suction device are further arranged in the forming chamber.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are that: the utility model provides a system that selective melting vibration material disk fine grain of alloy laser is reinforceed based on alternating magnetic field suppresses the aluminum alloy dendrite along the texture of thermal diffusion direction through the composite field effect, blocks epitaxial growth, realizes that the crystalline grain refines and directional solidification to strengthen the tissue performance.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an alloy additive manufacturing control system based on selective laser melting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the action mechanism of the alternating magnetic field on the long-branched crystal in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention after the alternating magnetic field acts on the long-branched crystal;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the influence of the alternating magnetic field on the fine crystal orientation in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
This section will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the attached drawings, which are used to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with figures, so that one can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the whole technical solution of the present invention, but they cannot be understood as the limitation of the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated with respect to the orientation description, such as up, down, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, a plurality of means are one or more, a plurality of means are two or more, and the terms greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the number, and the terms greater than, less than, within, etc. are understood as including the number. If there is a description of first and second for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only, this is not to be understood as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless there is an explicit limitation, the words such as setting, installation, connection, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in combination with the specific contents of the technical solution.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an alloy additive manufacturing control system based on selective laser melting, including:
the laser emission module is used for outputting laser;
a forming chamber 1 including a forming cylinder 2 for manufacturing a desired workpiece;
and the winding module is used for providing an alternating magnetic field for the forming cylinder 2.
In the system of the embodiment, the texture of the alloy dendrite along the thermal diffusion direction is inhibited through the action of a composite field (the energy field of laser and an alternating magnetic field), the epitaxial growth is blocked, the grain refinement and the directional solidification are realized, and the texture performance is enhanced. The system is suitable for metal materials with high-temperature conductivity, such as aluminum alloy, copper alloy, aluminum magnesium alloy and the like.
The laser emitting module generates laser and emits the laser to the metal powder in the forming cylinder to melt the metal powder. Referring to fig. 1, in some alternative embodiments, the laser emission module includes a laser, an optical fiber, a collimator, a galvanometer, a collimator, and a field lens. The laser is used for emitting continuous laser; the optical fiber is used for transmitting the laser to the collimator; the collimator is used for ensuring that laser entering the galvanometer is a strictly parallel beam; the galvanometer is used for adjusting the position of laser in the forming cylinder through an internal deflection lens, namely controlling the position of laser spots; the field lens is used for ensuring that the laser can be focused on the forming surface of the forming cylinder. The above devices can be implemented by using existing devices, and are not described in detail herein.
Referring to fig. 1, in some alternative embodiments, a forming cylinder 2, a powder cylinder, a lifting device and a scraper are arranged in a forming chamber 1, the powder cylinder is used for placing metal powder, the lifting device enables the metal powder in the powder cylinder to overflow a preset surface through upward movement, and the scraper is controlled to push the overflowing metal powder to a preset position in the forming cylinder. The selective laser melting additive manufacturing is layered manufacturing, namely, firstly laying a layer of powder, then carrying out laser processing, then laying a layer of powder, then carrying out laser processing, and repeating the steps in such a way to finally obtain the required workpiece.
In some alternative embodiments, a powder dropping nozzle (i.e. powder dropping device) and a powder sucking nozzle (i.e. powder sucking device) are arranged in the forming chamber 1. The powder spreading is realized by controlling the powder falling nozzle to scatter the metal powder in the preset area and controlling the powder suction nozzle to suck the redundant metal powder.
The laser acts on the metal powder to melt the metal powder and form a molten pool. The alternating magnetic field acts on the molten pool, the texture of the dendritic crystal along the thermal diffusion direction is changed through the Lorentz force generated by induced current around the dendritic crystal arm of the alloy, the growth of the dendritic crystal is blocked, and the fine-grained nucleation in the molten pool is facilitated. Due to the influence of crystal magnetic anisotropy, the distribution of induced current is not completely perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, but approaches to be perpendicular to the direction of the easy magnetization axis of the crystal. Lorentz force generated by the induction current changes the arrangement of fine crystals in the melt, so that the direction of the easy magnetization axis of the crystals is parallel to the direction of the alternating magnetic field. In some optional embodiments, in the laser selective melting additive manufacturing, a vertical alternating magnetic field is applied, so that fine-grain strengthening and directional solidification of alloy forming can be completed, and a desired microstructure is obtained.
Referring to fig. 2, in some alternative embodiments, the waveform of the alternating magnetic field is a triangle-like waveform, and the winding module includes an electromagnet winding and a control circuit; the control circuit is used for controlling the electromagnet winding to output an alternating magnetic field with a preset waveform.
The control circuit comprises a first waveform input circuit and a second waveform input circuit which have the same circuit structure;
the input end of the first waveform input circuit inputs a first square wave, the first output end of the first waveform input circuit is connected with the first end of the electromagnet winding, and the second output end of the first waveform input circuit is connected with the second end of the electromagnet winding; the input end of the second waveform input circuit inputs a second square wave, the first output end of the second waveform input circuit is connected with the second end of the electromagnet winding, and the second output end of the second waveform input circuit is connected with the first end of the electromagnet winding; the first square wave and the second square wave differ by half a period.
The first waveform input circuit comprises an optical coupler device and an NMOS tube; the first square wave is used as the input of the optical coupler, the output of the optical coupler is connected with the grid of the NMOS tube, the drain of the NMOS tube is connected with the first end of the electromagnet winding, and the source of the NMOS tube is connected with the second end of the electromagnet winding.
As shown in fig. 2, the control circuit includes two waveform input circuits with the same structure, and the main devices of the waveform input circuits include an optocoupler, an NMOS transistor, and the like. Two groups of positive-zero square waves (with a half period difference, see fig. 2, waveforms a and B on the middle and left sides) are used for controlling a driving power supply of the electromagnet, and the obtained waveforms are similar to triangular waves (theoretically, near simple harmonics, because of magnetizing and demagnetizing processes, the front half section of the simple harmonics is an approximate straight line, so that the two waveforms are overlapped to form an approximate triangular waveform, see fig. 2, C waveform on YC, and YC is an electromagnet winding).
In some alternative embodiments, the installation angle of the electromagnet winding can be adjusted according to the crystal texture direction of the alloy; the direction of the magnetic field, i.e. the direction of the windings, changes the texture direction when the crystal solidifies.
The system implementation mechanism comprises two parts: 1) the fine grain strengthening, the acting force acting on the fine grain strengthening is electromagnetic force (Lorentz force), the electromagnetic force is generated by the interaction of induction current and magnetic field, but not generated by thermoelectric current and magnetic field in static magnetic field mode, so the induction current distribution plane is basically vertical to the magnetic field, the force acts on the dendrite of the alloy, the thick dendrite can be deflected, the stability of the top of the surface crystal can be damaged, the epitaxial growth can be blocked, and fine cell crystal nucleus can be easily formed in the molten pool, thereby realizing the purpose of fine grain strengthening. Moreover, the triangular wave represents a periodic change in the direction of the magnetic field, and can improve anisotropy, change the initial directional solidification state, and suppress the <100> crystal plane index, thereby enhancing performance. The mechanism is schematically shown in fig. 3 and 4; in fig. 3, when the alternating magnetic field is not applied, the crystal is solidified in the direction of the thermal gradient, i.e., in the vertically upward direction, and when the alternating magnetic field is added, an induced current and lorentz force are generated, thereby changing the direction of solidification, as shown in fig. 4.
2) Realize the shaping of materials with special function reinforcement, such as strength, electric conductivity or thermal conductivity. The crystal arrangement along the characteristic crystal direction brings special performance, taking mechanical properties as an example, the preferred arrangement of the face-centered cubic crystal along the <101> direction has performance advantages compared with the <100>, and the strength is greatly increased. When an alternating magnetic field acts on a molten pool, the induced current distribution plane is influenced by an easy magnetization axis, a certain included angle exists between an equivalent current loop and the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, and the free crystal grains can be deflected by electromagnetic force, so that the plane is perpendicular to the magnetic field, and transient balance is achieved. Schematic diagram referring to fig. 5, this effect is primarily on free fine crystals, which can be referred to as the irregularly shaped free cell of fig. 4, without significantly affecting the (long) dendrites.
The operation of the above system is explained in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
1) Overview of the Equipment
The additive manufacturing completes the manufacturing of the metal part in a layer-by-layer stacking mode, and the rapid forming of the complex structural part can be realized. The laser is combined with the auxiliary magnetic field, so that the epitaxial growth of crystal branches can be blocked, and an ideal microstructure and performance can be obtained. The application of the method is realized by means of a selective laser melting device, and a vertical alternating magnetic field generator is modified on the basis of the selective laser melting device, and the schematic diagram is shown in figure 1. The alternating magnetic field is controlled by a pulse signal given by the singlechip and is driven by an optical isolation and NMOS tube. The two sets of control pulse control signals are both positive-zero level, and differ by 1/2 cycles, and generate positive and negative levels after passing through the control circuit (as shown in fig. 2). And measuring the alternating magnetic induction intensity by a Gaussian magnetometer and an oscilloscope. Due to the existence of the iron core in the winding, the obtained alternating magnetic field is triangular wave, and the frequency is consistent with the frequency of the control signal. When the frequency of the input control signal is 300Hz, the obtained alternating magnetic field has an amplitude of 0.4mT and an effective value of 0.2 mT.
2) Directional solidification and fine grain strengthening
Due to the rapid cooling of the molten pool in the selective laser melting manufacturing process, the dendrites in the structure can be directionally solidified along the direction of the thermal gradient, and a texture with a <100> crystal orientation can be formed when the metal material is in a cubic structure. The long-branched crystal epitaxially grown along the <100> crystal orientation can significantly affect the mechanical properties of the part and reduce the reliability of the part. Meanwhile, fine structures are difficult to obtain in the manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy, and the strength of parts is limited. The Lorentz force generated by the alternating magnetic field can strengthen the convection of the molten mass, reduce the temperature gradient and control the thickening of crystal grains in the solidification process, thereby obtaining a sample with excellent performance.
According to the faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, when the magnetic flux through the molten pool changes, an equivalent induced current is generated. The magnitude of the induced current is related to the electric field strength and the conductivity. In the mushy zone of the molten bath, the electric field strength E can be determined from the maxwell equation:
where B is the magnetic induction, and the right equation is the magnetic induction change rate.
Current density J IE This can be obtained from equation 2:
J IE ＝σ s E (2)
where σ s is the solid conductivity and E is the electric field strength. Since the solid phase and the liquid phase exist in the mushy zone at the same time, and the electrical conductivity of the solid is much greater than that of the liquid, it can be considered that the current density of the solid dendrite region is much greater than that of the molten region. Lorentz force F under the action of induced current and magnetic field IE The plane on which the equivalent current is applied is obtained from equation 3. Unlike the distribution of the thermoelectric current along the direction of the thermal gradient, F IE Can act on the bottom and the top of the dendritic crystal at the same time and is far greater than the thermoelectric magnetic force F TE 
When the induced current acts on a single dendrite, the Lorentz force borne by the dendrite is in an equilibrium state; when the induced current acts on a plurality of dendrites, the Lorentz force borne by the dendrites is in an unbalanced state, and the direction can be judged by a left-hand rule and is perpendicular to the current direction and the magnetic field direction.
Wherein
Is the effective magnetic induction (vector).
The parameters of the aluminum alloy used are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
In casting and additive manufacturing, the metal is directionally solidified along the direction of thermal gradient, which is generally considered when the Lorentz force is greater than 1 × 10 5 N/m 3 It is sufficient to change the direction and morphology of the dendrite solidification. The lorentz force (induced electromagnetic force) generated by the induced current obtained according to equation 3 can be 1 × 10 6 N/m 3 The deflection, the crushing and the thinning of the dendrite can be completed. In the SLM additive manufacturing process, the dendrite of the aluminum alloy in the molten pool is along the direction of the thermal gradient<100>Crystal orientation and significant epitaxial growth occurs. The induced electromagnetic force can make the fine crystal of the molten pool mushy zone free to be easy to nucleate after the dendrite is broken. When the orientation of the free crystal is not aligned with the growth direction of the dendrite, the growth of the dendrite is also blocked, and thus the grains in the structure can be effectively refined. By inhibition<100>Epitaxial growth of crystal orientation, enhancement<101>The crystal face index of the aluminum alloy can effectively improve the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum alloy. The action schematic is shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4. Due to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the induced current is not distributed exactly perpendicular to the magnetic field but at a small angle. When the induced electromagnetic force acts on the small crystal unit, the crystal unit is forced to rotate, and when the plane where the induced current is located is vertical to the direction of the magnetic field, the stress balance is achieved, so that the directional solidification of fine grains is realized, and the action mechanism is shown in fig. 5.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An alloy additive manufacturing control system based on selective laser melting, comprising:
the laser emission module is used for outputting laser;
a forming chamber including a forming cylinder for manufacturing a desired workpiece;
and the winding module is used for providing an alternating magnetic field for the forming cylinder.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the alloy is a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy, or an aluminum magnesium alloy.
3. The laser selective melting-based alloy additive manufacturing control system according to claim 1, wherein the winding module comprises an electromagnet winding and a control circuit;
the control circuit is used for controlling the electromagnet winding to output an alternating magnetic field with a preset waveform;
the preset waveform is a square wave, a triangular wave, a triangle-like waveform or a sine wave.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the predetermined waveform is a triangle-like waveform;
the control circuit comprises a first waveform input circuit and a second waveform input circuit which have the same circuit structure;
a first square wave is input into the input end of the first waveform input circuit, the first output end of the first waveform input circuit is connected with the first end of the electromagnet winding, and the second output end of the first waveform input circuit is connected with the second end of the electromagnet winding;
a second square wave is input into the input end of the second waveform input circuit, the first output end of the second waveform input circuit is connected with the second end of the electromagnet winding, and the second output end of the second waveform input circuit is connected with the first end of the electromagnet winding;
the first square wave and the second square wave differ by half a period.
5. The alloy additive manufacturing control system based on selective laser melting of claim 4, wherein the first waveform input circuit comprises an optical coupler device and an NMOS tube;
the first square wave is used as the input of the optical coupler, the output of the optical coupler is connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS tube, the drain electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with the first end of the electromagnet winding, and the source electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with the second end of the electromagnet winding.
6. The system of claim 3, wherein the installation angle of the electromagnet winding is adjustable according to the crystal texture direction of the alloy.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser emission module comprises a laser, an optical fiber, a collimator, a galvanometer, a collimator, and a field lens;
the laser is used for generating laser;
laser is input into the collimator through an optical fiber, and enters the galvanometer after passing through the collimator; the galvanometer adjusts the position of laser on the forming cylinder through an internal deflection lens;
and the field lens carries out focusing treatment on the laser passing through the galvanometer.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the laser outputs laser light of different frequencies and the laser outputs laser light of different powers.
9. The system for controlling the additive manufacturing of the alloy based on the selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein a powder cylinder and a scraper are further arranged in the forming chamber, and a lifting device is arranged at the bottom of the powder cylinder.
10. The system for controlling the additive manufacturing of the alloy based on the selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein a powder dropping device and a powder sucking device are further arranged in the forming chamber.
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