CN217031593U - Solar photovoltaic water heater - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic water heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN217031593U CN217031593U CN202121426281.9U CN202121426281U CN217031593U CN 217031593 U CN217031593 U CN 217031593U CN 202121426281 U CN202121426281 U CN 202121426281U CN 217031593 U CN217031593 U CN 217031593U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a solar photovoltaic water heater, and belongs to the technical field of water heaters. The water heater comprises a photovoltaic power generation panel array and a photovoltaic electric water heater, wherein a group of alternating current and direct current multiplex electric heating pipes are arranged in a water tank of the photovoltaic electric water heater; the power ends of the alternating current and direct current multiplexing electric heating pipes are respectively connected with a photovoltaic power supply and a mains supply through alternating current and direct current switching relays and controlled by an on-off relay controlled by a controller; the controller contains a central processing chip, the central processing chip comprises corresponding signal input ports which are respectively connected with a photovoltaic voltage detection port, a photovoltaic current detection port and a water tank upper and lower temperature sensor, and corresponding control ends of the central processing chip are respectively connected with controlled ends of a breaking relay and an alternating current and direct current switching relay. When the photovoltaic array is in an effective power generation state, the heating pipe is reasonably controlled to work under direct current; and a part or all of the heating pipes work under the mains supply by controlling an alternating current switching relay and a direct current switching relay as appropriate, so that the hot water requirement of a user is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a solar water heater, in particular to a solar photovoltaic water heater, belonging to the technical field of water heaters.
Background
The solar water heater is generally popular due to the obvious advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection. The solar heat collector mainly comprises a flat plate and a vacuum tube, and has the advantages of high heat conversion efficiency, heat exchange with the heat storage water tank through a heat exchange medium, and forced circulation heat exchange by a circulating pump when heat exchange cannot be realized through natural circulation. This complicates the installation and construction and the connecting pipes leak heat, compromising the utilization of solar energy. Because of the advantages of the solar cell module such as the technical development and the reduction of the manufacturing cost, the solar cell module has gradually economic and practical value for directly preparing hot water. The photovoltaic water heater is created by taking application number 201010505019.3 as a typical utility model, and the essence of the photovoltaic water heater is that the solar cell is connected with the solar cell maximum power point automatic tracker and the direct current electric heating tube in the water storage barrel, so the installation can be very random and convenient.
For example, the photovoltaic power converter for a solar electric water heater disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201710775520.3 and the control method thereof efficiently convert a constantly changing low-voltage direct current generated by a solar panel assembly into a stable direct current having an effective value of 220V, and constantly and equivalently convert electric energy into heat energy by MPPT control to be stored in a thermal electric water heater for use at any time, so that inconvenience of long-pipeline construction can be avoided, but an inverter device is required to increase the cost and reduce the conversion efficiency due to the self power consumption of the inverter. Therefore, the sunshade type solar power generation direct current power supply electric water heater disclosed in the chinese patent with the application number of 202010494038.4 is not required to be applied after being converted into alternating current through storage batteries, inverters and the like, but directly utilizes the direct current generated by the solar panel array to perform the function of 'direct current power supply' on the electrical impedance heating device in the water tank container, so as to heat the water in the water tank container and realize the function of heating the water.
However, in practical applications, the energy of photovoltaic power generation varies with the weather, season, region, etc., and users have different needs for instant hot water, regular hot water, and continuous hot water when using hot water. In the prior art, the electric energy of photovoltaic and mains supply cannot be reasonably adjusted by combining the factors, for example, the load is adaptively adjusted according to the photovoltaic power generation condition to enable the photovoltaic output efficiency to be in a relatively better state, and the mains supply is reasonably used according to the water consumption requirement of hot water to reduce the waiting of users and avoid cold water in the bathing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a solar photovoltaic water heater which can automatically adjust the direct current load according to the real-time capacity of photovoltaic power generation, enable the effective photovoltaic output to be in a better range, select proper alternating current heating power according to the real-time or future requirements of hot water and realize the alternating current and direct current multiplexing of a heating pipe.
The utility model further aims to provide a solar photovoltaic water heater which can utilize photovoltaic electric energy and meet the hot water requirement of a user.
In order to achieve the above primary object, the basic technical scheme of the solar photovoltaic water heater of the utility model is as follows: the photovoltaic electric water heater comprises a photovoltaic power generation panel array and a photovoltaic electric water heater, wherein a group of alternating current and direct current multiplexing electric heating pipes are arranged in a water tank of the photovoltaic electric water heater; the power ends of the alternating current and direct current multiplexing electric heating pipes are respectively connected with a photovoltaic power supply and a mains supply through alternating current and direct current switching relays and are controlled by an on-off relay controlled by a controller;
the controller comprises a central processing chip, the central processing chip comprises corresponding signal input ports which are respectively connected with a photovoltaic voltage detection port, a photovoltaic current detection port and upper and lower temperature sensors of the water tank, and corresponding control ends of the central processing chip are respectively connected with controlled ends of a breaking relay and an alternating current and direct current switching relay;
the central processing chip includes:
an upper water temperature lower limit judging unit, which is used for judging whether the water temperature at the upper part of the water tank after photovoltaic heating is lower than a preset value according to the received water temperature signal, if not, starting a lower water temperature lower limit judging unit; if so, controlling to switch to alternating current heating, and then starting an upper water temperature upper limit judging unit;
an upper water temperature upper limit judging unit, which is used for judging whether the water temperature at the upper part of the water tank after the alternating current heating is higher than a set value according to the received water temperature signal, if so, controlling to switch to the photovoltaic heating, and then starting the upper water temperature lower limit judging unit; if not, starting an upper water temperature lower limit judging unit;
a lower water temperature lower limit judging unit for judging whether the water temperature at the lower part of the water tank is lower than a preset value according to the received water temperature signal, if not, controlling to switch to photovoltaic heating, and starting the upper water temperature lower limit judging unit; if so, starting a water temperature drop judgment unit for a preset time;
a water temperature drop judging unit with preset time length, which is used for judging whether the water temperature at the lower part of the water tank is continuously reduced according to water temperature signals received successively with preset time length, if so, controlling to increase the alternating current heating power step by step, and then performing circulating judgment until the alternating current heating power is increased to the maximum first-stage power; if not, the lower water temperature upper limit judgment unit is started after the current heating mode is maintained;
a lower water temperature upper limit judging unit for judging whether the water temperature at the lower part of the water tank is higher than a preset value according to the received water temperature signal, if so, switching to photovoltaic heating, and then starting an upper water temperature lower limit judging unit; if not, starting the water temperature drop judging unit for a preset time.
The circulation control can reasonably control the on-off relay to enable part or all of the heating pipes to work under direct current when the photovoltaic array is in an effective power generation state so as to provide direct current heating power adaptive to photovoltaic power generation capacity; when knowing that the photovoltaic power generation capacity can not meet the instant or timing hot water requirement of a user, the system ensures the hot water requirement of the user by controlling the alternating current and direct current switching relay to enable part or all of the heating pipes to work under the commercial power.
To achieve a further object, the central processing chip of the controller further comprises
A control management starting unit for starting photovoltaic load regulation management and starting a voltage stopping judging unit;
a turn-off voltage determining unit, configured to determine whether the detected photovoltaic voltage is greater than a predetermined turn-off voltage, and if so, start the turn-on voltage determining unit; if the judgment result is not yes, starting a load from high to low judgment unit;
a starting voltage judging unit for judging whether the detected photovoltaic voltage is greater than a preset starting voltage, if so, starting the direct current load from low to high judging unit; if the judgment result is that the current state is maintained, starting a closing voltage judgment unit;
a load from high to low judging unit for judging whether the current DC load is in the highest power mode, if so, reducing the DC load by one stage and starting the control management starting unit; if the judgment result is negative, judging whether the current direct current load is in a secondary high power mode, and cycling the current direct current load according to the previous cycle until the direct current load is reduced to the lowest level and starting the control management starting unit;
a load from low to high judging unit for judging whether the current DC load is lower than the lowest power mode, if so, the DC load is raised by one stage and then the control management starting unit is started; if the judgment result is not yes, judging whether the current direct current load is in a secondary low power mode, and cycling the previous steps until the direct current load is increased to the highest level and then starting the control management starting unit.
Therefore, after the utility model is adopted, on one hand, under the condition of meeting the instant or timed hot water requirement of a user, the photovoltaic power generation energy is reasonably utilized; on the other hand, the photovoltaic direct current and the commercial power are multiplexed by the same heating pipe, so that the photovoltaic water heater is simple in structure, space-saving and low in cost.
The utility model has the further perfection that: the photovoltaic power generation panel array is formed by connecting at least two photovoltaic panels in series.
The utility model is further perfected as follows: the photovoltaic voltage detection plug-in terminal which is bridged between the positive cable and the negative cable of the photovoltaic power generation panel array gathering cable isolates and samples the direct current voltage through the photoelectric isolation device, connects the direct current voltage to the voltage detection processing circuit and then sends the direct current voltage to the voltage signal input terminal of the central processing chip; the Hall effect current sensor chip connected in series in the photovoltaic power generation panel array gathering cable line isolates and samples direct current, is connected to the current detection processing circuit, and then is sent to the current signal input end of the central processing chip.
The utility model has the further perfection that: the heating control end of the central processing chip is respectively connected with the on-off relay controlled end of the corresponding alternating current and direct current multiplexing electric heating pipe and the switching control end of the alternating current and direct current switching relay through the driving chip.
The utility model has the further perfection that: and the communication end of the central processing chip is connected with the communication circuit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system configuration according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system configuration according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a controller of the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a logic block diagram of ac/dc switching control in the embodiment of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the controller circuit of the embodiment of fig. 1.
FIG. 6 is a control logic block diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 1 that considers both photovoltaic power utilization and user demand.
Detailed Description
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the solar photovoltaic water heater according to the embodiment of the utility model includes a photovoltaic power generation panel array 1 laid on the top of a building or on a balcony or a wall surface of a house, and a photovoltaic electric water heater 2 installed in a user building area. The photovoltaic panels 2 are connected in series, wherein each rated output voltage DC40V and each rated output voltage DC 450W form a photovoltaic power generation panel array with DC 80V/900W.
The photovoltaic electric water heater 2 has a water tank capacity 80L, and a group of AC and DC multiplexing electric heating pipes EH1, EH2 and EH3 which are distributed at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part are arranged in the tank. The power ends of the alternating current and direct current compound electric heating pipes EH1, EH2 and EH3 are respectively connected with a photovoltaic power supply and a mains supply through corresponding alternating current and direct current switching relays KA11, KA21 and KA31, and are controlled by on-off relays KA12, KA22 and KA32 controlled by the controller. The main difference between the two embodiments of fig. 1 and 2 is that the water tank is horizontal and vertical, and the heating pipes of EH1, EH2 and EH3 are integrated and separated. The combined grade of the photovoltaic direct-current heating power and the commercial power alternating-current heating power of each electric heating pipe is shown in the following table.
The controller, as shown in fig. 3 (see fig. 5), has a central processing chip IC5 (N76E 003AT 20) as a central processing chip. The direct current voltage is isolated and sampled by a photovoltaic voltage detection plug-in terminal PVDC + and PVDC-P2 bridged between a positive cable and a negative cable of the photovoltaic power generation panel array summarizing cable through a photoelectric isolation device U9 and a peripheral circuit thereof, then is connected to the input end of a voltage reference chip U10.2, passes through a voltage detection processing circuit formed by the U10.2 and the peripheral device thereof, and then is sent to a pin 6 of a voltage signal input end of a central processing chip IC 5. The Hall effect current sensor chip U16 connected in series in the cable of the summary cable isolates and samples the direct current, then connects to the signal input end of the current reference chip U15.1, and sends to the current signal input end 11 pin of the central processing chip IC5 after the current detection processing circuit is formed by U15.1 and the peripheral devices.
In addition, the signal output of the upper and lower temperature sensors PT1, PT22-6 of the water tank are respectively connected with the 1 pin and the 5 pin of the temperature signal input port of the central processing chip IC5, the heating control terminals 13-18 of the central processing chip IC5 are respectively connected with the controlled terminals of the on-off relays KA12, KA22, KA32 corresponding to the three ac and dc multiplexing electric heating pipes EH1, EH2, EH3 and the switching control terminals of the ac and dc switching relays KA11, KA21, KA31 through the driving chip IC4, so as to control whether the ac and dc multiplexing electric heating pipes 1, EH2, EH3 are powered and provide dc or ac power. The communication end of the central processing chip IC5 passes through the RS-485 communication circuit containing the IC2 through the communication ports 2 and 3, and can be used for data collection, centralized management implementation and the like, such as providing energy-saving and emission-reduction related data of the photovoltaic water heater. L1, TR1, U1 and peripheral parts thereof form a power circuit, and supply +5V and +12V direct-current voltage required by the water tank controller.
As shown in fig. 4, the central processing chip implements ac/dc switching control as follows:
an upper water temperature lower limit judgment step, namely after the machine is started and enters an instant heating mode, judging whether the upper water temperature 'Tup' of the water tank after photovoltaic heating is lower than a preset value 'T set to be 5 ℃ below zero' according to a received water temperature signal, and if not, entering a lower water temperature lower limit judgment step; if yes, switching to EH1, EH2 and EH3 for alternating-current heating, and then entering an upper water temperature upper limit judging step;
an upper water temperature upper limit judging step, namely judging whether the water temperature 'Tup' at the upper part of the water tank after alternating current heating is higher than a set value 'Tset' according to the received water temperature signal, if so, controlling to switch to EH1, EH2 and EH3 for photovoltaic heating, and then, circularly entering the upper water temperature lower limit judging step; if not, entering an upper water temperature lower limit judgment step;
a lower water temperature lower limit judgment step, namely judging whether the water temperature 'Tdown' at the lower part of the water tank is lower than a preset value 'T set at-5 ℃' according to the received water temperature signal, if not, controlling to switch to EH1, EH2 and EH3 for photovoltaic heating, and then, recycling the water to enter an upper water temperature lower limit judgment step; if so, entering a water temperature drop judgment step for a preset time;
a step of judging water temperature drop within a preset time length, namely judging whether the water temperature under T at the lower part of the water tank is continuously reduced within the time of delta T according to water temperature signals received successively within the preset time length delta T, if so, controlling to increase the alternating current heating power step by step, and then carrying out circulating judgment so as to gradually increase from the level of AC1 to the level of AC 7; if not, the current heating mode is maintained, and then the lower water temperature upper limit judgment step is carried out;
a lower water temperature upper limit judging step, namely judging whether the water temperature 'Tdown' of the lower part of the water tank is higher than a preset value 'Tset' according to the received water temperature signal, if so, switching to EH1, EH2 and EH3 for photovoltaic heating, and then recycling to enter an upper water temperature lower limit judging step; if not, entering a water temperature drop judgment step in a preset time.
In order to take both photovoltaic power utilization and user requirements into consideration, when entering the photovoltaic heating state, the central controller also calls a subroutine program of logic shown in fig. 6 to perform control of the following steps:
a control management starting step, namely starting photovoltaic load regulation management, and entering a voltage closing judgment step;
a step of judging the turn-off voltage, namely judging whether the detected photovoltaic voltage 'U' is greater than the preset turn-off voltage 'Uturn-off', and entering a step of judging the turn-on voltage if the judgment result is yes; if the judgment result is not yes, entering a step of judging the load from high to low;
a starting voltage judging step, namely judging whether the detected photovoltaic voltage U is greater than a preset starting voltage U and starting, if so, entering a load low-to-high judging step; if the judgment result is that the current state is maintained, entering a voltage closing judgment step;
a load from high to low judging step, namely judging whether the current direct current load is at the highest power mode DC1 level, if so, reducing the direct current load by one level and then entering a control management starting step; if not, judging whether the current direct current load is the secondary high power mode DC2 level, circulating according to the previous step until the direct current load is reduced to the lowest DC7 level, and then entering a control management starting step;
a load from low to high judging step, namely judging whether the current direct current load is lower than the DC7 level of the lowest power mode, if so, increasing the direct current load by one level of DC6 and then entering a control management starting step; if not, judging whether the current direct current load is in a secondary low-power mode, and circulating according to the previous step until the direct current load is increased to the highest DC1 level, and then entering a control management starting step.
Tests show that compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic hot water management system and method adopting the embodiment have the following outstanding advantages:
1. when the photovoltaic is in a power generation state and does not need alternating current for heating and working. Part or all of the heating pipes are switched to direct current through the relay KA11/KA21/KA31, and according to the current load current capacity of the photovoltaic panel under the current illumination intensity, the serial number of the heating pipe which is connected to work is selected through the relay KA12/KA22/KA32, so that the output efficiency of the photovoltaic system is in a relatively high interval. And the real-time regulation and control of the direct current load are always carried out in the later operation process. According to the setting of the parameters of the upper heating pipe, the photovoltaic load can be regulated and controlled by 7 power sections, which are respectively: 200W/300W/400W/500W/600W/700W/900W.
2. When the photovoltaic water heater only depends on the photovoltaic power generation energy to enable the water tank to reach the set temperature, the load of all the photovoltaic direct-current heating pipes is disconnected after the temperature of the water tank reaches the set temperature.
3. When the photovoltaic power generation capacity cannot meet the use requirement of hot water in an instant and timed time period, a single or all heating pipes are selected to be switched to the commercial power through the relay KA11/KA21/KA31, and the power of alternating current heating is selected through the relay KA12/KA22/KA 32. According to the parameter setting of the upper heating pipe, the alternating current heating power has 7 power sections which can be regulated and controlled, and the power sections are respectively: 1512W/2268W/3025W/3780W/4537W/5293W/6805W.
4. According to the actual hot water demand and the current photovoltaic power generation capacity, 3 heating pipes can work under direct current and alternating current respectively, and the purpose of meeting the hot water demand of users and utilizing photovoltaic energy to the maximum is achieved.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A solar photovoltaic water heater comprises a photovoltaic power generation panel array and a photovoltaic electric water heater, wherein a group of alternating current and direct current multiplexing electric heating pipes are arranged in a water tank of the photovoltaic electric water heater; the power ends of the alternating current and direct current multiplexing electric heating pipes are respectively connected with a photovoltaic power supply and a mains supply through alternating current and direct current switching relays and are controlled by an on-off relay controlled by a controller;
the controller comprises a central processing chip, the central processing chip comprises corresponding signal input ports which are respectively connected with a photovoltaic voltage detection port, a photovoltaic current detection port and a water tank upper temperature sensor and a water tank lower temperature sensor, and corresponding control ends of the central processing chip are respectively connected with controlled ends of a breaking relay and an alternating current switching relay and a direct current switching relay.
2. The solar photovoltaic water heater according to claim 1, characterized in that: the photovoltaic power generation panel array is formed by connecting at least two photovoltaic panels in series.
3. The solar photovoltaic water heater according to claim 2, wherein: the photovoltaic voltage detection plug-in terminal bridged between the positive cable and the negative cable of the photovoltaic power generation panel array gathering cable isolates and samples the direct current voltage through the photoelectric isolation device, connects the isolated and sampled direct current voltage to the voltage detection processing circuit, and then sends the isolated and sampled direct current voltage to the voltage signal input terminal of the central processing chip; the Hall effect current sensor chip connected in series in the photovoltaic power generation panel array gathering cable line isolates and samples direct current, is connected to the current detection processing circuit, and then is sent to the current signal input end of the central processing chip.
4. The solar photovoltaic water heater according to claim 3, characterized in that: the heating control end of the central processing chip is respectively connected with the on-off relay controlled end of the corresponding alternating current and direct current multiplexing electric heating pipe and the switching control end of the alternating current and direct current switching relay through the driving chip.
5. The solar photovoltaic water heater according to claim 4, wherein: and the communication end of the central processing chip is connected with the communication circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121426281.9U CN217031593U (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Solar photovoltaic water heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121426281.9U CN217031593U (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Solar photovoltaic water heater |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN217031593U true CN217031593U (en) | 2022-07-22 |
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| CN202121426281.9U Active CN217031593U (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Solar photovoltaic water heater |
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2021
- 2021-06-25 CN CN202121426281.9U patent/CN217031593U/en active Active
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