CN216948277U - Device for monitoring depth of conduit inserted into concrete in real time - Google Patents
Device for monitoring depth of conduit inserted into concrete in real time Download PDFInfo
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- CN216948277U CN216948277U CN202123088872.2U CN202123088872U CN216948277U CN 216948277 U CN216948277 U CN 216948277U CN 202123088872 U CN202123088872 U CN 202123088872U CN 216948277 U CN216948277 U CN 216948277U
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Abstract
A device for monitoring the depth of a conduit inserted into concrete in real time comprises a cast-in-place pile conduit, wherein a cable is arranged in the axial direction of the cast-in-place pile conduit and connected with the outer wall of the cast-in-place pile conduit, the cable is connected with the cast-in-place pile conduit through a buckle and comprises a plurality of sections of cables, the cables are connected with one another through connector ends, and each section of cable comprises a hose, a conducting wire arranged in the hose and connector ends arranged at two ends of the hose. The utility model aims to provide a device for monitoring the depth of the bottom end of a guide pipe embedded in concrete in real time aiming at the existing problems, and the device can know the height of the concrete in a cast-in-place pile relative to the lifting height of the guide pipe by detecting the current in a cable embedded in the cast-in-place pile together with the guide pipe, thereby reasonably adjusting the embedded depth of the guide pipe, improving the operation efficiency and avoiding engineering accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of concrete construction, and particularly relates to a device for monitoring the depth of a guide pipe inserted into concrete in real time in the concrete pouring process of a bored pile.
Background
The cast-in-situ bored pile has the advantages of strong bearing capacity, wide adaptability and relatively low cost, and is widely applicable to roads, bridges, high-rise buildings and the like. In the underwater pouring process of the cast-in-situ bored pile, the burial depth of the guide pipe in concrete and the time for lifting the guide pipe in the pouring process are important links in the construction of the cast-in-situ bored pile. In the pouring process, the disassembly length of the guide pipe must be reasonably mastered, the lower end of the guide pipe is normally buried in concrete for 2-3 m, if the guide pipe is lifted too fast, the bottom end opening of the guide pipe is easily separated from a concrete layer or the buried depth does not meet the requirement, so that muddy water in a poured pile flows into the guide pipe, a mud interlayer site appears in the pile, and the integrity of the pile is damaged. At present, a common method for controlling the pipe lifting speed is that field operators calculate the lifting height of concrete in a cast-in-place pile according to the concrete penetration amount and the size of the pile so as to determine the pipe drawing length, and the method not only wastes time, but also has large human factors and high error rate in a tense operation process because the time to be poured after hole forming is generally not more than 3 hours.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a device for monitoring the depth of the bottom end of a guide pipe embedded in concrete in real time aiming at the existing problems, and the device can know the height of the concrete in a cast-in-place pile relative to the lifting height of the guide pipe by detecting the current in a cable embedded in the cast-in-place pile together with the guide pipe, thereby reasonably adjusting the embedded depth of the guide pipe, improving the operation efficiency and avoiding engineering accidents.
A device for monitoring the depth of a conduit inserted into concrete in real time comprises a cast-in-place pile conduit, a cable which is arranged in the axial direction of the cast-in-place pile conduit and connected with the outer wall of the cast-in-place pile conduit, and a plurality of sections of cables which are connected with the cast-in-place pile conduit through buckles, wherein the cables are connected with the cable through interface ends;
the interface end is divided into a first interface end and a second interface end which are respectively connected with two ends of the hose, the second interface end comprises an inner sleeve fixedly connected with the end part of the hose and an outer sleeve which can relatively slide in the axial direction with the inner sleeve, and the end part of the outer sleeve far away from the inner sleeve is provided with internal threads; the hose is connected with the external thread on the first connector end of the next section of hose through the internal thread on the second connector end;
an accommodating cavity is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, a spring is arranged in the accommodating cavity, one end of the spring can be in contact with the inner sleeve, the other end of the spring can be in contact with the outer sleeve, and the second interface end moves towards or away from the first interface end to compress or extend the spring;
a second contact sliding sheet is arranged in the second interface end, a first contact sliding sheet is arranged in the first interface end, one end of each of the second contact sliding sheet and the first contact sliding sheet is respectively connected with a conducting wire in a hose, a resistance element is arranged on the second contact sliding sheet and/or the first contact sliding sheet, and the first contact sliding sheet, the resistance element, the second contact sliding sheet and the conducting wire form a series circuit and the series circuit forms a passage under the normal state of the spring; under the compression state of the spring, the resistance element is separated from the series circuit and makes the series circuit form an open circuit;
the device also comprises a counting device for the number of the resistance elements, and the counting device for the number of the resistance elements is used for counting the number of the resistance elements accessed to the series circuit.
The free end of the second contact sliding sheet is provided with a contact, a hollow groove is formed in the second contact sliding sheet, the resistance element is arranged on the first contact sliding sheet, and under the initial condition that the spring is not compressed by external force, the contact of the second contact sliding sheet is contacted with the resistance element, so that the first contact sliding sheet, the resistance element, the second contact sliding sheet and the lead form a series circuit and the series circuit forms a passage;
under the condition that the spring is compressed by an external force, the first contact sliding sheet moves towards the second contact sliding sheet to enable the resistance element to move into the empty groove of the second contact sliding sheet, so that the resistance element is separated from the series circuit and the series circuit is opened.
The outer wall of the hose on the cable is provided with a plurality of shifting pieces at intervals, when concrete enters the interior of the cast-in-place pile through the guide pipe and is continuously lifted, the shifting pieces lift together with the concrete and drive the cable to lift, so that two adjacent sections of cables approach at the joint end, and the spring is compressed.
The plectrum includes the concrete structure of calliper: the concrete structure of plectrum is as shown in the following figure, it includes first plectrum axle, calliper, the wire net, vertical separation blade, horizontal separation blade, second plectrum axle, calliper is passed through to plectrum one end and is fixed on the cable, the other end is the wire net, the wire net can only be at vertical separation blade and horizontal separation blade this between the within range internal rotation, when the wire net does not receive external force, spring resilient means between wire net and the second plectrum axle makes the wire net be in the horizontality all the time (also be close to horizontal separation blade end), horizontal separation blade cross-section is the triangle-shaped design, the purpose is in order to reduce the resistance that promotes pipe process plectrum and faces, the protection to the plectrum. When concrete in the cast-in-situ bored pile rises to drive the retaining wall slurry to rise, because the aperture of the steel wire mesh is larger than the particle size of the slurry and smaller than the particle size of the concrete coarse aggregate, and meanwhile, a spring is arranged in the port where the cables are connected with each other, the force of slurry rising is not enough to drive the sleeve to compress, so that the resistance element in the sleeve cannot be triggered to break away from the circuit, but the rising of the concrete can trigger the device; meanwhile, in the lifting process of the guide pipe, if the shifting sheet is pulled out of the concrete layer to enter a mud layer, the resistance element which is separated from the circuit is connected into the circuit under the action of the spring in the sleeve, so that the current in the circuit is changed again, and the pulling depth of the guide pipe is known.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical effects:
when concrete in the cast-in-place pile rises, the cable has the tendency of moving upwards, so that the resistance element at the joint of the cable is separated from the circuit, the current in the circuit is changed, the current measurer reads the resistance element and transmits a signal to the computer in a manner of being matched with the wireless communication module, the number of the resistance elements separated from the circuit is calculated, the depth of the conduit embedded in the concrete in the cast-in-place pile is known, and the depth of the conduit embedded in the concrete is scientifically and reasonably adjusted; can effectually make the pipe bottom bury suitable degree of depth in the concrete all the time to remove the measurement and the calculation work of pouring in-process special messenger, avoided because of calculation error or work negligence make the pipe buried depth overlength or promote too fast, caused and pour difficulty or disconnected stake scheduling problem, improve the operating efficiency, avoided the engineering accident.
Drawings
The utility model is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the conduit connected to the cable and the paddle fixed to the cable;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the catheter of FIG. 3;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a slot in a catheter;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cable configuration;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of cable port A;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a metal bellows and internal wires connecting port A and port B;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of cable port A;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of cable port B;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a contact slip in a port sleeve;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a paddle assembly;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of another state of the paddle assembly;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a clip connecting a conduit and a cable;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of another state of connecting a conduit to a cable.
Detailed Description
A device for monitoring the depth of a conduit inserted into concrete in real time comprises a cast-in-place pile conduit 1, wherein a cable 2 is arranged in the axial direction of the cast-in-place pile conduit 1 and connected with the outer wall of the cast-in-place pile conduit 1, the cable 2 is connected with the cast-in-place pile conduit 1 through a buckle 4 and comprises a plurality of sections of cables 2, the cables are connected with one another through connector ends, each section of cable 2 comprises a hose 14, a lead 17 arranged in the hose 14 and connector ends arranged at two ends of the hose 14;
the interface end is divided into a first interface end 12 and a second interface end 13 which are respectively connected with two ends of the hose 14, the second interface end 13 comprises an inner sleeve 19 fixedly connected with the end part of the hose and an outer sleeve 20 which can relatively slide with the inner sleeve 19 in the axial direction, and the end part of the outer sleeve 20 far away from the inner sleeve 19 is provided with internal threads 18; the hose 14 is connected with the external thread 21 on the first joint end 12 of the next section of hose through the internal thread 18 on the second joint end 13;
a containing cavity is arranged between the inner sleeve 19 and the outer sleeve 20, a spring 15 is arranged in the containing cavity, one end of the spring 15 can be contacted with the inner sleeve 19, the other end of the spring can be contacted with the outer sleeve 20, and the second interface end 13 moves towards or away from the first interface end 12 to compress or expand the spring;
a second contact sliding piece 16 is arranged in the second interface end 13, a first contact sliding piece 22 is arranged in the first interface end 12, one end of each of the second contact sliding piece 16 and the first contact sliding piece 22 is respectively connected with a conducting wire 17 in a hose, a resistance element 23 is arranged on the second contact sliding piece 16 and/or the first contact sliding piece 22, and the first contact sliding piece 22, the resistance element 23, the second contact sliding piece 16 and the conducting wire 17 form a series circuit and the series circuit forms a passage under the normal state of the spring 15; in the compressed state of the spring 15, the resistive element 23 is out of the series circuit and opens the series circuit.
The device also comprises a counting device for the number of the resistance elements, and the counting device for the number of the resistance elements is used for counting the number of the resistance elements accessed to the series circuit.
By adopting the structure, after all the components are installed, the cast-in-place pile can be used for pouring concrete. Concrete enters the interior of the cast-in-place pile through the cast-in-place pile guide pipe, wall protection slurry in the pile rises and is discharged along with the addition of the concrete in the cast-in-place pile, the rising force of the wall protection slurry enables the cable positioned below to have an upward movement trend, so that the spring between the cable and the cable is compressed, the resistance element is separated from the circuit, the number of the resistance elements separated from the circuit is obtained by a computer, and the depth of the guide pipe 1 embedded into the concrete can be calculated as the distance of each clamping groove 9 is known;
example (b): setting the voltage constant as U, monitoring the concrete floating change in the range of 10m at the bottom port of the guide pipe, arranging one plectrum and 21 plectrums every 0.5m, wherein the resistance element connected to the incoming line is 21R, and the resistance of the circuit is R,When the plectrum is not triggered, the current in the circuit is I ═ U/(21 ═ R + R) at the moment,) The shifting sheet is driven along with the rising of the concrete in the cast-in-place pile, so that the access number of the resistance elements in the circuit is reduced, and the current at the moment is measured and calculated to be I1At this time, the resistance of the connected circuit is R1＝U/I1And is also connected intoThe number of resistors in the circuit is N ═ R1-R,) and/R, wherein the depth of the embedded conduit is calculated to be L-0.5 m (21-N-1).
And timely adjusting the position of the base; when the cast-in-place pile guide pipe is pulled out to a proper depth, part of the cable at the lower end loses the upward movement trend and has the downward movement trend under the action of gravity, so that the resistance element which is separated from the circuit is connected into the circuit again under the action of the resilience force of the spring, and the pulling-out distance and the embedding depth of the cast-in-place pile guide pipe can be known through the acquisition of the number of the resistance elements in the cable at the lower end by the computer; the control on the embedding depth precision of the guide pipe is greatly improved, and the pouring efficiency is improved.
Regarding the specific structure of the junction of the first contact piece 22 and the second contact piece 16: a contact point is arranged at the free end of the second contact sliding piece 16, a hollow groove is arranged in the second contact sliding piece 16, the resistance element 23 is arranged on the first contact sliding piece 22, and under the initial condition that the spring is not compressed by external force, the contact point of the second contact sliding piece 16 is contacted with the resistance element 23, so that the first contact sliding piece 22, the resistance element 23, the second contact sliding piece 16 and the lead 17 form a series circuit and the series circuit forms a passage;
in the case of a spring compressed by an external force, the movement of first contact slide 22 towards second contact slide 16 causes resistive element 23 to move into the empty slot of second contact slide 16, so that resistive element 23 leaves the series circuit and opens it.
Further, in order to avoid that the lifting force of the retaining wall slurry in the cast-in-place pile is not enough to trigger the device, a plurality of shifting pieces 3 are arranged on the cable 2 at intervals on the outer wall of the hose 14, when concrete enters the cast-in-place pile through the guide pipe 1 and is continuously lifted, coarse aggregate in the concrete lifts the shifting pieces 3 together and drives the cable 2 to lift, so that two adjacent sections of cables approach at the joint end, and the spring 15 is compressed.
Regarding the specific structure of the plectrum: the concrete structure of plectrum is as shown in fig. 11, it includes first plectrum axle 24, calliper 25, wire net 26, vertical separation blade 27, horizontal separation blade 28, second plectrum axle 29, plectrum one end is passed through calliper 25 and is fixed on the cable, the other end is wire net 26, wire net 26 can only be at vertical separation blade 27 and horizontal separation blade 28 this within range internal rotation between, when wire net 26 does not receive external force, spring resilient means between wire net and the second plectrum axle makes the wire net be in the horizontality all the time (also be close to horizontal separation blade 28 end), horizontal separation blade 28 cross-section is the triangle-shaped design, the purpose is in order to reduce the resistance that promotes pipe process plectrum and faces, and protect the plectrum. When concrete in the cast-in-situ bored pile rises to drive the retaining wall slurry to rise, because the aperture of the steel wire mesh 26 is larger than the particle size of the slurry and smaller than the particle size of the concrete coarse aggregate, and meanwhile, a spring is arranged in the port where the cables are connected with each other, the force of slurry rising is not enough to drive the sleeve to compress, so that the resistance element in the sleeve cannot be triggered to be separated from the circuit, but the rising of the concrete can trigger the device; meanwhile, in the lifting process of the guide pipe, if the shifting sheet is pulled out of the concrete layer to enter a mud layer, the resistance element which is separated from the circuit is connected into the circuit under the action of the spring in the sleeve, so that the current in the circuit is changed again, and the pulling depth of the guide pipe is known.
When in use, the utility model comprises the following steps:
and 3, step 3: the number of the separated resistance elements is counted by the resistance element number counting device, and the depth of the cast-in-place pile guide pipe 1 embedded into the concrete can be known as the positions of the resistance elements 23 arranged on the cable 2 are known;
the speed of lifting the cast-in-place pile guide pipe 1 and the depth of inserting the concrete are adjusted through the above steps.
The cable 2 is connected with the cast-in-place pile conduit 1 through a buckle 4 and comprises a plurality of sections of cables 2, the cables are connected with each other through joint ends, and each section of cable 2 comprises a hose 14, a lead 17 arranged in the hose 14 and joint ends arranged at two ends of the hose 14;
the interface end is divided into a first interface end 12 and a second interface end 13 which are respectively connected with two ends of the hose 14, the second interface end 13 comprises an inner sleeve 19 fixedly connected with the end part of the hose and an outer sleeve 20 which can relatively slide with the inner sleeve 19 in the axial direction, and the end part of the outer sleeve 20 far away from the inner sleeve 19 is provided with internal threads 18; the hose 14 is connected with the external thread 21 on the first joint end 12 of the next section of hose through the internal thread 18 on the second joint end 13;
a containing cavity is arranged between the inner sleeve 19 and the outer sleeve 20, a spring 15 is arranged in the containing cavity, one end of the spring 15 can be contacted with the inner sleeve 19, the other end of the spring can be contacted with the outer sleeve 20, and the second interface end 13 moves towards or away from the first interface end 12 to compress or expand the spring;
a second contact sliding piece 16 is arranged in the second interface end 13, a first contact sliding piece 22 is arranged in the first interface end 12, one end of the second contact sliding piece 16 and one end of the first contact sliding piece 22 are respectively connected with a conducting wire 17 in the hose, and a resistance element 23 is arranged on the second contact sliding piece 16 and/or the first contact sliding piece 22.
The counting device of the number of the resistance elements comprises a computer, and when the spring 15 is not stressed, the first contact sliding piece 22, the resistance element 23, the second contact sliding piece 16 and the lead 17 form a series circuit and the series circuit forms a passage; when the resistance element 23 is disconnected from the series circuit and opens the series circuit in a compressed state of the spring 15, and the resistance element 23 is disconnected from the circuit or connected to the circuit, an electric signal is obtained by a computer.
When the separated resistance elements are obtained by adopting the resistance element number counting device, when the concrete in the cast-in-place pile rises, the plectrum is driven by the concrete, so that the resistance elements at the cable connection part are separated from the circuit, the current in the circuit is changed, the current measurer reads the resistance elements and is matched with the wireless communication module to transmit signals to the computer, the number of the resistance elements separated from the circuit is calculated, the depth of the conduit embedded in the concrete in the cast-in-place pile is known, and the depth of the conduit embedded in the concrete is scientifically and reasonably adjusted.
The guide pipes are connected through threads, each section of guide pipe is provided with a clamping groove, the distance between the clamping grooves can be arranged according to the precision requirement of inserting the guide pipes into concrete, and the structure of each section of guide pipe is the same, so that the splicing and the replacement are facilitated.
The length of the cable is determined according to the distance between the clamping grooves, two ends of the cable are respectively provided with a port, each port consists of two telescopic sleeves, the mutual contact part of the sleeves is provided with a water-resisting layer, and the two cables can be connected end to end through the outer sleeves through threads;
every cable both ends mouth passes through telescopic corrugated metal pipe and connects, has two wires in the corrugated metal pipe, and every wire all outsourcing has the insulating layer, and every cable structure is the same simultaneously, can coil and deposit, is favorable to piecing together to tear open, transports and change.
One end of the buckle is fixed on the guide pipe, and the other end of the buckle clamps the cable port and is used for fixing the cable. One end of the shifting sheet is fixed on the cable, the other end of the shifting sheet is provided with a steel wire mesh, when concrete in the cast-in-situ bored pile rises to drive the retaining wall slurry to rise, the aperture of the steel wire mesh is larger than the particle size of the slurry and smaller than the particle size of the concrete coarse aggregate, and meanwhile, a spring is arranged in a port where the cables are connected with each other, the force of the slurry rising is not enough to drive the sleeve to compress, so that a resistance element in the sleeve cannot be triggered to break away from a circuit, but the rising of the concrete can trigger the device; meanwhile, in the lifting process of the guide pipe, if the shifting sheet is pulled out of the concrete layer to enter a mud layer, the resistance element which is separated from the circuit is connected into the circuit under the action of the spring in the sleeve, so that the current in the circuit is changed again, and the pulling depth of the guide pipe is known.
The device for monitoring the depth of the concrete embedded at the bottom end of the guide pipe in real time is light and handy in other parts except the guide pipe, easy to transport, store, install and disassemble, and capable of completing one-time transportation and assembly and disassembly except the guide pipe by one person in the construction process.
Claims (6)
1. A device for monitoring the depth of a conduit inserted into concrete in real time comprises a cast-in-place pile conduit (1), and is characterized in that a cable (2) is arranged in the axial direction of the cast-in-place pile conduit (1) and connected with the outer wall of the cast-in-place pile conduit (1), the cable (2) is connected with the cast-in-place pile conduit (1) through a buckle (4) and comprises a plurality of sections of cables (2), the cables are connected with one another through connector ends, each section of cable (2) comprises a hose (14), a lead (17) arranged in the hose (14) and connector ends arranged at two ends of the hose (14);
the joint end is divided into a first joint end (12) and a second joint end (13) which are respectively connected with two ends of a hose (14), the second joint end (13) comprises an inner sleeve (19) fixedly connected with the end part of the hose and an outer sleeve (20) which can relatively slide in the axial direction with the inner sleeve (19), and the end part of the outer sleeve (20) far away from the inner sleeve (19) is provided with internal threads (18); the hose (14) is connected with the external thread (21) on the first joint end (12) of the next section of hose through the internal thread (18) on the second joint end (13);
an accommodating cavity is arranged between the inner sleeve (19) and the outer sleeve (20), a spring (15) is arranged in the accommodating cavity, one end of the spring (15) can be in contact with the inner sleeve (19), the other end of the spring can be in contact with the outer sleeve (20), and the second interface end (13) moves towards or away from the first interface end (12) to compress or expand the spring.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a second contact slide (16) is provided in the second interface end (13), a first contact slide (22) is provided in the first interface end (12), the second contact slide (16), one end of the first contact slide (22) are connected to the conductor (17) in the respective hose, a resistive element (23) is provided on the second contact slide (16) and/or the first contact slide (22), and in the normal state of the spring (15), the first contact slide (22), the resistive element (23), the second contact slide (16) and the conductor (17) form a series circuit and make the series circuit form a path; in the compressed state of the spring (15), the resistance element (23) is disconnected from the series circuit and opens the series circuit.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a counting means for counting the number of resistance elements connected to the series circuit.
4. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that a contact is provided at the free end of the second contact slide (16) and a recess is provided in the second contact slide (16), that a resistive element (23) is provided on the first contact slide (22), and that the contact of the second contact slide (16) is in contact with the resistive element (23) in the initial situation, i.e. in which the spring is not compressed by an external force, so that the first contact slide (22), the resistive element (23), the second contact slide (16) and the wire (17) form and are in a series circuit;
under the condition that the spring is compressed by an external force, the first contact slide (22) moves towards the second contact slide (16) so that the resistance element (23) moves into an empty groove of the second contact slide (16), and the resistance element (23) is separated from the series circuit and the series circuit is opened.
5. A device according to claim 1 or 2 or 4, characterised in that the cable (2) is provided with a plurality of spaced apart paddles (3) on the outer wall of the hose (14), the paddles (3) being raised together as concrete enters the interior of the bored concrete pile through the conduit (1) and is raised to drive the cable (2) up so that two adjacent lengths of cable approach at the butt end and the spring (15) is compressed.
6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the plectrum includes first plectrum axle (24), calliper (25), wire net (26), vertical separation blade (27), horizontal separation blade (28), second plectrum axle (29), plectrum one end is fixed on the cable through calliper, the other end is the wire net, the wire net can only be at vertical separation blade and horizontal separation blade this between within range rotation, when the wire net does not receive external force, spring resilience between wire net and the second plectrum axle makes the wire net be in the horizontality all the time, horizontal separation blade cross-section is the triangle-shaped design.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202123088872.2U CN216948277U (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Device for monitoring depth of conduit inserted into concrete in real time |
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| CN202123088872.2U CN216948277U (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Device for monitoring depth of conduit inserted into concrete in real time |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114293557A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-08 | 中国葛洲坝集团三峡建设工程有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring depth of conduit inserted into concrete in real time |
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2021
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114293557A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-08 | 中国葛洲坝集团三峡建设工程有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring depth of conduit inserted into concrete in real time |
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