CN216807701U

CN216807701U - Elevator anti-falling device

Info

Publication number: CN216807701U
Application number: CN202220393572.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄喜宁
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-02-25
Filing date: 2022-02-25
Publication date: 2022-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2032-02-25

Abstract

The utility model discloses an elevator anti-falling device which comprises a vertical rack, a base, a follow-up gear and at least two groups of counter lock assemblies, wherein the vertical rack is provided with a plurality of vertical teeth; in the case of the ascending of the elevator cage, the ascending counter lock assembly can enable the follow-up gear to idle when the elevator cage ascends, and can enable the follow-up gear to stop when the elevator cage descends to form a brake, so that the elevator can be effectively prevented from running downwards or falling downwards when the elevator cage ascends; under the descending condition of elevator, descending back locking subassembly can make the follower gear idle running when the elevator cage descends, and it can make the follower gear locking when the elevator cage rises, forms the braking, can prevent effectively that the elevator from scurrying on when descending. The ascending counter-lock assembly can stop the follow-up gear to form braking when the elevator descends and the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than a threshold value, so that the elevator can be effectively prevented from running or falling down when the elevator descends.

Description

Elevator anti-falling device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of elevators, in particular to an elevator anti-falling device.

Background

The elevator is easy to use in production and life, and for the elevator, a work braking and overspeed protection device occupies a very important position, wherein the overspeed protection device brakes when the running speed of a car is out of control, so that the elevator is prevented from falling down, and the safety of passengers is guaranteed.

General elevator anti-falling device mainly sets up protection device bottom loop-wheel machine and elevartor shaft, and the phenomenon is scurried down in the lift control failure can produce leaping up in daily life, and, probably causes the rope disconnection to cause the elevator cage to appear the whereabouts accident when the rope is old or the elevator cage is overweight etc. and elevator shaft bottom protection device generally can't effectively brake when the elevator falling speed is too fast.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to solve the problems and provides an elevator falling prevention device which can effectively prevent an elevator from jumping downwards or falling downwards when the elevator ascends and can effectively prevent the elevator from jumping upwards or falling downwards when the elevator descends.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:

an elevator anti-falling device comprises a vertical rack, a base, a follow-up gear and at least two groups of back locking assemblies;

the vertical rack is vertically arranged on the inner wall of the left side and/or the inner wall of the right side of the elevator shaft, the follow-up gear is arranged on the elevator cage through the base, and the follow-up gear is matched with the vertical rack so that the follow-up gear correspondingly rotates under the condition that the elevator cage ascends or descends;

at least two groups of back locking components are respectively defined as an uplink back locking component and a downlink back locking component; the up-going back-locking component is matched with a tooth groove or an end surface of the follower gear in the case of the elevator cage going up, can idle the follower gear when the elevator cage goes up, and can stop the follower gear when the elevator cage goes down; the descending locking assembly is matched with a tooth groove or an end surface of the follower gear in a descending condition of the elevator cage, can enable the follower gear to idle when the elevator cage descends, and can enable the follower gear to stop when the elevator cage ascends;

the upward counter-locking component can be matched with a tooth groove or an end face of the follower gear when the elevator is in a downward condition and the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than a threshold value, so that the follower gear is stopped.

As described above, in the case of the up-running of the cage, the up-running back-lock assembly can idle the follower gear when the cage is raised, and it can stop the follower gear when the cage is lowered to form a brake, which can effectively prevent the down-running or the falling of the elevator when the cage is raised; under the descending condition of the elevator, the descending back locking assembly can enable the follow-up gear to idle when the elevator cage descends, and the follow-up gear can be stopped when the elevator cage ascends to form braking, so that the elevator can be effectively prevented from moving upwards when the elevator cage descends. The ascending counter-lock assembly can stop the follow-up gear to form braking when the elevator descends and the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than a threshold value, so that the elevator can be effectively prevented from running or falling down when the elevator descends.

The back locking assembly comprises a support, a lever, a back locking frame and a driving piece; the anti-lock frame is arranged on the base, the lever is rotatably arranged on the support, the lever is positioned between the anti-lock frame and the follow-up gear, the power arm end of the lever is positioned between the beam section of the anti-lock frame and the support, and the lever is in a balanced state or the power arm end of the lever is pressed against the beam section of the anti-lock frame under a natural state, so that the power arm end of the lever can swing between the beam section of the anti-lock frame and the support; the support is movably arranged on the base, the driving part is arranged on the base, and the driving part can drive the support to move relative to the base, so that the resistance arm end of the lever can be inserted into or pulled out of a tooth groove area of the follow-up gear. The upward anti-locking assembly is positioned on the side, far away from the vertical rack rail, of the follow-up gear and is matched with a tooth socket in the rear end area of the rotation of the follow-up gear for braking under the upward condition of the elevator cage; the descending back locking assembly is positioned at the side, far away from the vertical rack rail, of the follow-up gear and is matched with a tooth socket in the rear end area of the rotation of the follow-up gear for braking under the descending condition of the elevator cage; in the up-going back-locking assembly, the elevator cage ascends to enable the gear teeth of the follow-up gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the support so as to enable the follow-up gear to idle, and the elevator cage descends to enable the gear teeth of the follow-up gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the cross beam section of the back-locking frame and abut against the cross beam section of the back-locking frame so as to stop the follow-up gear; the resistance arm end of a lever of the descending back locking assembly is inserted into the tooth groove area of the follower gear under the condition that the elevator cage descends, at the moment, the resistance arm end of the lever of the ascending back locking assembly is pulled out of the tooth groove area of the follower gear, in the descending back locking assembly, the elevator cage descends to enable gear teeth of the follower gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the support so as to enable the follower gear to idle, and the elevator cage ascends to enable the gear teeth of the follower gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the beam section of the back locking frame and to be pressed against the beam section of the back locking frame so as to stop the follower gear; and under the condition that the elevator cage descends, when the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than a threshold value, the resistance arm end of the lever of the ascending back locking assembly is inserted into the tooth groove area of the follower gear so as to stop the follower gear; so adopt lever principle cooperation anti-lock frame for the follower gear can idle running or by fixed, prevents that it from reversing rotation under ascending or down mode, and then prevents that the elevator cage from scurrying down.

As an option, the uplink counter-locking assembly, the vertical rack, the base and the follower gear form an uplink counter-locking mechanism; the descending back locking assembly, the vertical rack, the base, the follow-up gear and the turning gear form a descending back locking mechanism, the turning gear is in matched transmission with the follow-up gear, and the descending back locking assembly is matched with the turning gear to idle or stop the turning gear; and the two uplink back-locking mechanisms and the two downlink back-locking mechanisms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the top wall of the elevator cage, and the two uplink back-locking mechanisms and the two downlink back-locking mechanisms are respectively distributed in opposite angles. In this example, the uplink counter-locking mechanism is a single-wheel counter-locking mechanism, the downlink counter-locking mechanism is a double-wheel counter-locking mechanism, and preferably, two single-wheel counter-locking mechanisms are arranged on one diagonal, and two double-wheel counter-locking mechanisms are arranged on the other diagonal; when the elevator goes upwards, the single-wheel back locking mechanism works under a normal condition, the double-wheel back locking mechanism quits out of work, and the double-wheel back locking mechanism is started to brake when an emergency occurs so as to lock the elevator cage; when the elevator descends, the double-wheel back locking mechanism works under a normal condition, the single-wheel back locking mechanism quits out of work, and the single-wheel back locking mechanism is started to brake when an emergency occurs so as to lock the elevator cage; thereby achieving the purpose of preventing the elevator cage from falling.

As an option, the base is of a hollow box structure; the ascending counter-locking assembly is arranged at the bottom in the box-type base and is matched with a tooth groove of a lower end area of the follow-up gear far away from the vertical tooth rail side for braking; the downward locking assembly is arranged at the top in the box-type base and is matched with a tooth groove of an upper end area of the servo gear, which is far away from the vertical tooth rail side, for braking; the box type base, the vertical tooth track, the follower gear, the uplink back locking assembly and the downlink back locking assembly form anti-falling mechanisms, and 2-4 anti-falling mechanisms are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the top wall of the elevator cage. In the example, the upward counter-locking assembly and the downward counter-locking assembly are combined to form the anti-falling mechanisms, and 2-4 anti-falling mechanisms are uniformly arranged on the left side and the right side of the top wall of the elevator cage; when the elevator ascends, the ascending counter-locking component works under the normal condition, the descending counter-locking component quits out of work, and the descending counter-locking component is started to brake when an emergency occurs so as to lock the elevator cage; when the elevator descends, the descending back-locking assembly works under the normal condition, the ascending back-locking assembly quits out of work, and the descending back-locking assembly is started to brake when an emergency occurs so as to lock the elevator cage; thereby achieving the purpose of preventing the elevator cage from falling.

As an option, the moment arm at the power arm end of the lever is larger than the moment arm at the resistance arm end of the lever, and the power arm end of the lever is supported by a torsion spring or a spring in a natural state, so that the power arm end of the lever is in a balanced state in the natural state or is pressed against the beam section of the anti-locking frame. Wherein the vertical rack is a vertical rack; the driving piece is a driving motor, and the driving motor is connected with the driving support through a rack to drive the support to move; the driving motor is provided with a motor driving circuit, a speed detection circuit and a control host, the speed detection circuit, the control host, the motor driving circuit and the driving motor are sequentially connected, and the speed detection circuit is used for detecting the speed of the follow-up gear. Therefore, the labor-saving lever is formed, the integral resistance range of the elevator cage can be improved, and the anti-falling fixing stability is improved.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the elevator anti-falling device, under the condition that the elevator cage ascends, the ascending counter lock assembly can enable the follow-up gear to idle when the elevator cage ascends, and can enable the follow-up gear to stop when the elevator cage descends to form braking, so that the elevator can be effectively prevented from moving downwards or falling downwards when the elevator ascends; under the descending condition of the elevator, the descending back locking assembly can enable the follow-up gear to idle when the elevator cage descends, and the follow-up gear can be stopped when the elevator cage ascends to form braking, so that the elevator can be effectively prevented from moving upwards when the elevator cage descends. The ascending counter-lock assembly can stop the follow-up gear to form braking when the elevator descends and the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than a threshold value, so that the elevator can be effectively prevented from running or falling down when the elevator descends.

2. The lever is used as a back locking device, so that a labor-saving lever can be formed, the whole resistance range of the elevator cage can be improved, and the anti-falling fixing stability is favorably improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an uplink mode of example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the up and down conversion instants of example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a downlink mode of example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an up mode back lock schematic of example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the base, the follower gear and the counter lock rack of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a side view of the base and the counter lock bracket of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a side view of the base and the follower gear of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic top view of the stand according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the stand and lever of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a side view of the support and the driving member of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic layout of example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the fall arrest mechanism mounting arrangement of example 2 of the present invention.

In the attached drawing, 10, a single-wheel back locking mechanism, 20, a double-wheel back locking mechanism, 1, an elevator cage, 2, a vertical rack, 3, bases I and 3 ', bases II and 3', a box-type base, 30, a limiting hole, 4, a follow-up gear, 41, a vertical seat, 42, a gear, 5, a back locking component, 51, a support, 510, a limiting protrusion, 511, a rack section, 52, a support seat, 53, a lever, 54, a back locking frame, 6, a driving piece, 61, a driving motor, 62 and a driving wheel.

Detailed Description

Examples

Referring to fig. 1-14, the elevator anti-falling device of the embodiment includes a vertical rack, a base, a follower gear 4, and at least two sets of anti-locking assemblies; the vertical rack is vertically arranged on the inner wall of the left side and/or the inner wall of the right side of the elevator shaft, the follow-up gear is arranged on the elevator cage 1 through the base, and the follow-up gear 4 is matched with the vertical rack so as to enable the follow-up gear to correspondingly rotate under the condition that the elevator cage ascends or descends; at least two groups of back locking assemblies are respectively defined as an uplink back locking assembly and a downlink back locking assembly; the up-going back-locking component is matched with a tooth groove or an end surface of the follower gear in the case of the elevator cage going up, can idle the follower gear when the elevator cage goes up, and can stop the follower gear when the elevator cage goes down; the descending back locking component is matched with a tooth groove or an end surface of the follow-up gear under the descending condition of the elevator cage, can enable the follow-up gear to idle when the elevator cage descends, and can enable the follow-up gear to stop when the elevator cage ascends; wherein, the ascending anti-locking component can be matched with a tooth groove or an end surface of the follower gear when the elevator descends and the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than a threshold value, so that the follower gear stops.

As described above, in the case of the up-running of the cage, the up-running back-lock assembly can idle the follower gear when the cage is raised, and it can stop the follower gear when the cage is lowered to form a brake, which can effectively prevent the down-running or the falling of the elevator when the cage is raised; under the descending condition of elevator, descending back locking subassembly can make the follower gear idle running when the elevator cage descends, and it can make the follower gear locking when the elevator cage rises, forms the braking, can prevent effectively that the elevator from scurrying on when descending. The ascending counter-lock assembly can stop the follow-up gear to form braking when the elevator descends and the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than a threshold value, so that the elevator can be effectively prevented from running or falling down when the elevator descends.

Wherein, the vertical rack can adopt a rack which can be matched with the follow-up gear; of course, the screw rod and the follow-up gear can be matched to realize linkage; as shown in the figure, the present embodiment is described by taking a vertical rack as an example.

The back locking component can adopt the existing anti-back structure, for example, the side part of the following gear is provided with a back stopping groove matched with a spring and a back stopping piece to realize the anti-back structure; the tooth socket can be used for realizing an anti-check structure; and the back locking assembly can be realized by adopting the existing components, the following description is provided for the preferred example of the back locking assembly, and other alternative structures are not described in detail.

The back locking assembly 5 comprises a support 51, a lever 53, a back locking frame 54 and a driving piece 6; the anti-lock frame 54 is arranged on the base, the lever 53 is rotatably arranged on the support 51, the lever 53 is supported by the support seat 52, the lever 53 is positioned between the anti-lock frame 54 and the follower gear 4, the power arm end of the lever is positioned between the cross beam section of the anti-lock frame and the support, and the lever is in a balance state or the power arm end of the lever is pressed against the cross beam section of the anti-lock frame under a natural state, so that the power arm end of the lever can swing between the cross beam section of the anti-lock frame and the support; support 51 is mobilizable to be set up on the base, be provided with spacing hole 30 on the base, be provided with the spacing arch 510 that personally submits rectangle or T font on support 51, spacing hole and spacing protruding cooperation sliding connection, driving piece 6 sets up on the base, driving piece 6 includes driving motor 61 and drive wheel 62, be provided with rack segment 511 on the support 51, the drive wheel cooperates with rack segment, can drive the support and remove for the base, driving motor passes through rack connection drive support and removes promptly, so that the resistance arm end of lever can insert or pull out from the groove zone of follower gear. The upward anti-locking assembly is positioned on the side, far away from the vertical rack rail, of the follow-up gear and is matched with a tooth socket in the rear end area of the rotation of the follow-up gear for braking under the upward condition of the elevator cage; the descending back locking assembly is positioned at the side, far away from the vertical rack rail, of the follow-up gear and is matched with a tooth socket in the rear end area of the rotation of the follow-up gear for braking under the descending condition of the elevator cage; in the up-going back-locking assembly, the elevator cage ascends to enable the gear teeth of the follow-up gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the support so as to enable the follow-up gear to idle, and the elevator cage descends to enable the gear teeth of the follow-up gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the beam section of the back-locking frame and to be pressed against the beam section of the back-locking frame so as to stop the follow-up gear; the resistance arm end of a lever of the descending back locking assembly is inserted into the tooth groove area of the follower gear under the condition that the elevator cage descends, at the moment, the resistance arm end of the lever of the ascending back locking assembly is pulled out of the tooth groove area of the follower gear, in the descending back locking assembly, the elevator cage descends to enable gear teeth of the follower gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the support so as to enable the follower gear to idle, and the elevator cage ascends to enable the gear teeth of the follower gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the beam section of the back locking frame and to be pressed against the beam section of the back locking frame so as to stop the follower gear; and under the condition that the elevator cage descends, when the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than a threshold value, the resistance arm end of the lever of the ascending back locking assembly is inserted into the tooth groove area of the follower gear so as to stop the follower gear; so adopt lever principle cooperation anti-lock frame for the follower gear can idle running or by fixed, prevents that it from reversing rotation under ascending or down mode, and then prevents that the elevator cage from scurrying down. The specific mounting structure of the back locking assembly is as follows:

referring to fig. 1-13, as an option, in one example, the up-link back-locking assembly, the vertical rack, the base, and the follower gear constitute an up-link back-locking mechanism; the descending back locking assembly, the vertical rack, the base, the follow-up gear and the change gear form a descending back locking mechanism, the change gear and the follow-up gear are the same in structure as shown in the figure for illustration, the change gear and the follow-up gear are in matched transmission, and the descending back locking assembly and the change gear are matched to idle or stop; and the two ascending counter locking mechanisms and the two descending counter locking mechanisms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the top wall of the elevator cage, and the two ascending counter locking mechanisms and the two descending counter locking mechanisms are respectively distributed in opposite angle. In this example, the up-going back-locking mechanism is a single-wheel back-locking mechanism 10, the down-going back-locking mechanism is a double-wheel back-locking mechanism 20, the bases of which are a base I3 and a base II 3', respectively, and preferably two single-wheel back-locking mechanisms are arranged on one diagonal, and two double-wheel back-locking mechanisms are arranged on the other diagonal; when the elevator goes upwards, the single-wheel back locking mechanism works under a normal condition, the double-wheel back locking mechanism quits out of work, and the double-wheel back locking mechanism is started to brake when an emergency occurs so as to lock the elevator cage; when the elevator descends, the double-wheel back locking mechanism works under a normal condition, the single-wheel back locking mechanism quits out of work, and the single-wheel back locking mechanism is started to brake when an emergency occurs so as to lock the elevator cage; thereby achieving the purpose of preventing the elevator cage from falling. Referring to fig. 1, when a passenger presses a button of an up-going building, an elevator cage is ready to go up, at this time, an up-going back-locking assembly moves to a running position to run, a down-going back-locking assembly does not run at an initial position, and then the elevator goes up; referring to fig. 4, when a passenger presses a down button, the cage is changed from an up state to a down state, and at this time, the up counter lock assembly moves from the operating position to the initial position, and then the down counter lock assembly moves from the initial position to the operating position; referring to fig. 5, the cage is ready to descend when the descending back-lock assembly is moved to the run position for operation, the ascending back-lock assembly is not operated at the initial position, and then the cage descends.

As an option, see fig. 14, in another example, the base is a hollow box structure, which differs from the previous one in that the up and down counter-locking assemblies are placed on the same box base 3 "; the ascending counter-locking assembly is arranged at the bottom in the box-type base and is matched with a tooth groove of a lower end area of the follow-up gear far away from the vertical tooth rail side for braking; the downward counter-locking assembly is arranged at the inner top of the box-type base and is matched with a tooth groove of an upper end area of the follow-up gear far away from the vertical rack rail side for braking; the box type base 3', the vertical tooth track, the follow-up gear, the uplink back locking assembly and the downlink back locking assembly form anti-falling mechanisms, and 2-4 anti-falling mechanisms are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the top wall of the elevator cage. In the example, the upward counter-locking assembly and the downward counter-locking assembly are combined to form the anti-falling mechanisms, and 2-4 anti-falling mechanisms are uniformly arranged on the left side and the right side of the top wall of the elevator cage; when the elevator ascends, the ascending counter-locking component works under the normal condition, the descending counter-locking component quits out of work, and the descending counter-locking component is started to brake when an emergency occurs so as to lock the elevator cage; when the elevator descends, the descending back-locking assembly works under the normal condition, the ascending back-locking assembly quits out of work, and the descending back-locking assembly is started to brake when an emergency occurs so as to lock the elevator cage; thereby achieving the purpose of preventing the elevator cage from falling.

The aforementioned speed detection and control of the drive motor for the elevator car are both prior art; for example, the elevator originally has a speed detection and central control host (control host), and then combines with an existing motor driving circuit, such as a relay or a driving chip to form a driving circuit, so that the driving motor can be controlled to rotate positively and negatively; for another example, the driving motor adopts a stepping motor, an A44E Hall switch circuit (speed detection circuit), an AT89C52 host (control host) and an L298 driving circuit (motor driving circuit) are directly added, all the parts and the connection are the existing technology, the A44E Hall switch circuit is combined with a follow-up gear to detect and obtain a speed signal of the elevator cage, the speed signal is transmitted to the AT89C52 host, when the speed is greater than the threshold value, the AT89C52 host outputs a control signal to the L298 driving circuit, the L298 driving circuit outputs an execution signal to the stepping motor, so that the stepping motor is controlled to operate in forward rotation or reverse rotation, the follow-up gear can be stopped when the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than the threshold value I or the ascending speed is higher than the threshold value II, and the original central control host can be used for replacing the AT89C52 host; etc., which will not be described in detail herein.

Referring to fig. 1-14, as an option, based on the foregoing example, in an example, the moment arm of the power arm end of the lever is larger than that of the resistance arm end thereof, and the power arm end of the lever is naturally supported by a torsion spring or a spring so as to be in a balanced state or the power arm end thereof is pressed against the beam section of the anti-lock frame. Therefore, the labor-saving lever is formed, the integral resistance range of the elevator cage can be improved, and the anti-falling fixing stability is improved.

It should be noted that, the above embodiments may be combined with each other by one or more than two according to actual needs, and a plurality of embodiments are illustrated by a set of drawings combining technical features, which are not described herein. The respective members may be made of steel or the like, and may be connected to each other by welding, screwing, or the like according to the above description.

It is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like, when used in reference to a particular orientation or positional relationship, are used merely to facilitate describing the utility model and to simplify the description.

The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the utility model, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model as claimed, and all equivalent variations and modifications of the teachings of this invention, which are obvious and suggested by the present disclosure, are intended to be included within the scope thereof.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an elevator anti-falling device which characterized in that: the locking mechanism comprises a vertical rack, a base, a follow-up gear and at least two groups of locking components;

at least two groups of back locking assemblies are respectively defined as an uplink back locking assembly and a downlink back locking assembly; the up-going back-locking component is matched with a tooth groove or an end surface of the follower gear in the case of the elevator cage going up, can idle the follower gear when the elevator cage goes up, and can stop the follower gear when the elevator cage goes down; the descending back locking assembly is matched with a tooth groove or an end surface of the follow-up gear under the descending condition of the elevator cage, can enable the follow-up gear to idle when the elevator cage descends, and can enable the follow-up gear to stop when the elevator cage ascends;

wherein, the ascending anti-locking component can be matched with a tooth groove or an end surface of the follower gear when the elevator descends and the descending speed of the elevator cage is higher than a threshold value, so that the follower gear stops.

2. The elevator fall preventing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the back locking assembly comprises a support, a lever, a back locking frame and a driving piece; the anti-lock frame is arranged on the base, the lever is rotatably arranged on the support, the lever is positioned between the anti-lock frame and the follow-up gear, the power arm end of the lever is positioned between the beam section of the anti-lock frame and the support, and the lever is in a balanced state or the power arm end of the lever is pressed against the beam section of the anti-lock frame under a natural state, so that the power arm end of the lever can swing between the beam section of the anti-lock frame and the support; the support is movably arranged on the base, the driving piece is arranged on the base, and the driving piece can drive the support to move relative to the base, so that the resistance arm end of the lever can be inserted into or pulled out of a tooth groove area of the follower gear.

3. The elevator fall preventing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upward anti-locking assembly is positioned on the side, far away from the vertical rack rail, of the follow-up gear and is matched with a tooth socket in the rear end area of the rotation of the follow-up gear for braking under the upward condition of the elevator cage; the descending back locking assembly is positioned at the side, far away from the vertical rack rail, of the follow-up gear and is matched with a tooth socket in the rear end area of the rotation of the follow-up gear for braking under the descending condition of the elevator cage; in the up-going back-locking assembly, the elevator cage ascends to enable the gear teeth of the follow-up gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the support so as to enable the follow-up gear to idle, and the elevator cage descends to enable the gear teeth of the follow-up gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the beam section of the back-locking frame and to be pressed against the beam section of the back-locking frame so as to stop the follow-up gear; the resistance arm end of a lever of the descending back locking assembly is inserted into the tooth groove area of the follower gear under the condition that the elevator cage descends, at the moment, the resistance arm end of the lever of the ascending back locking assembly is pulled out of the tooth groove area of the follower gear, in the descending back locking assembly, the elevator cage descends to enable gear teeth of the follower gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the support so as to enable the follower gear to idle, and the elevator cage ascends to enable the gear teeth of the follower gear to push the power arm end of the lever to swing towards the beam section of the back locking frame and to be pressed against the beam section of the back locking frame so as to stop the follower gear; and in the case of a cage descending situation, when the cage descending speed is faster than a threshold value, the resistance arm end of the lever of the ascending anti-lock assembly is inserted into the gear groove area of the follower gear so that the follower gear is stopped.

4. An elevator fall preventing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the uplink back locking assembly, the vertical rack, the base and the follow-up gear form an uplink back locking mechanism; the descending back locking assembly, the vertical rack, the base, the follow-up gear and the turning gear form a descending back locking mechanism, the turning gear is in matched transmission with the follow-up gear, and the descending back locking assembly is matched with the turning gear to idle or stop the turning gear; and the two ascending counter locking mechanisms and the two descending counter locking mechanisms are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the top wall of the elevator cage, and the two ascending counter locking mechanisms and the two descending counter locking mechanisms are respectively distributed in opposite angle.

5. The elevator fall preventing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the base is of a hollow box structure; the upward counter-locking assembly is arranged at the inner bottom of the box-type base and is matched with a tooth groove of a lower end area of the follow-up gear far away from the vertical rack rail side for braking; the downward locking assembly is arranged at the top in the box-type base and is matched with a tooth groove of an upper end area of the servo gear, which is far away from the vertical tooth rail side, for braking; the box type base, the vertical tooth track, the follower gear, the uplink back locking assembly and the downlink back locking assembly form anti-falling mechanisms, and 2-4 anti-falling mechanisms are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the top wall of the elevator cage.

6. The elevator fall preventing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the force arm at the power arm end of the lever is larger than that at the resistance arm end of the lever, and the power arm end of the lever is supported by a torsion spring or a spring in a natural state, so that the power arm end of the lever is in a balanced state in the natural state or is pressed against a beam section of the anti-locking frame; the vertical rack is a vertical rack; the driving piece is a driving motor, and the driving motor is connected with the driving support through a rack to move.

7. The elevator fall preventing device according to claim 6, wherein: the driving motor is provided with a motor driving circuit, a speed detection circuit and a control host, the speed detection circuit, the control host, the motor driving circuit and the driving motor are sequentially connected, and the speed detection circuit is used for detecting the speed of the follow-up gear.