CN216777192U - Femoral intramedullary nail and intramedullary nail assembly - Google Patents
Femoral intramedullary nail and intramedullary nail assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN216777192U CN216777192U CN202123275446.XU CN202123275446U CN216777192U CN 216777192 U CN216777192 U CN 216777192U CN 202123275446 U CN202123275446 U CN 202123275446U CN 216777192 U CN216777192 U CN 216777192U
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Abstract
The application discloses a femoral intramedullary nail and intramedullary nail subassembly, a femoral intramedullary nail includes: the bent part is in a circular arc shape in projection in the first plane, and the curvature radius of the bent part is R; the first part is connected with one end of the bending part and is provided with a first locking hole; the second part is connected with the other end of the bending part and is provided with a second locking hole; in the first plane, along the central axis direction of the projection of the first part, the distance between the midpoint of the bent part and the free end of the first part is 180-190 mm, the total length from the free end of the first part to the free end of the second part is L, and R is more than or equal to 4L and less than or equal to 6L. The shape of the femoral intramedullary nail is more similar to that of a femoral medullary cavity, so that the matching degree of the femoral intramedullary nail and the femoral medullary cavity is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to an intramedullary nail and an intramedullary nail assembly.
Background
When a patient's bone is fractured, different bone screw assemblies are usually selected to connect the fractured bones according to different fracture positions.
In the related art, when a fracture occurs in a femur, a nail tunnel hole is usually drilled in an intramedullary canal of the femur, and an intramedullary nail is inserted into the nail tunnel hole to fix the fractured multi-segmented femur. However, the related art intramedullary nails have a low fit to the patient's medullary cavity.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the application provides a femoral intramedullary nail and an intramedullary nail assembly, which can improve the matching degree of the intramedullary nail and a medullary cavity of a patient.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a femoral intramedullary nail, including:
the projection of the bent part is in an arc shape in a first plane, and the curvature radius of the bent part is R;
the first part is connected with one end of the bent part and is provided with a first locking hole; and
the second part is connected with the other end of the bent part and is provided with a second locking hole;
in the first plane, along the central axis direction of the projection of the first part, the distance between the midpoint of the bent part and the free end of the first part is 180-190 mm, the total length from the free end of the first part to the free end of the second part is L, and R is greater than or equal to 4L and less than or equal to 6L.
Optionally, the first part includes:
one end of the first section is connected with the bent part;
one end of the bending section is connected with the other end of the first section; in a second plane, the projection of the bending part is arc-shaped, and the second plane is perpendicular to the first plane; and
and the second section is connected with the other end of the bending section, and the first locking hole is formed in the second section.
Optionally, in the second plane, the angle between the axis of the first segment and the axis of the second segment is between 174 ° and 176 °;
and along the axial direction of the second section, the distance from the free tail end of the second section to the midpoint of the bent section is less than or equal to 90 mm.
Optionally, the axis of the first locking hole is parallel to the second plane, and the angle between the axis of the first locking hole and the axis of the second section is between 40 ° and 70 °;
the first locking hole is spaced from the free end of the second section by between 30 mm and 50 mm in the direction of the axis of the second section.
Optionally, at least one radial cross-section of the second section is a non-circular cross-section.
Optionally, a first channel is disposed through the first portion, the bent portion, and the second portion, the first channel extends from an end surface of the first portion to an end surface of the second portion, and the first channel is used for an instrument guide pin to pass through.
Optionally, a first chamfer is arranged at a joint of the end face of the second portion and the inner wall of the second portion.
Optionally, the first portion has a positioning groove, the positioning groove extends from the end surface of the first portion toward the second portion, and the positioning groove penetrates through the first portion to form a side wall of the first channel.
Optionally, a second chamfer is arranged at a joint of the outer surface of the second portion and the end face of the second portion.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide an intramedullary nail system including an intramedullary nail according to any one of the first aspect.
In an embodiment of the present application, the first plane is parallel to a sagittal plane of the patient when the femoral intramedullary nail is inserted into a femoral medullary cavity of the patient. In the sagittal plane of the patient, the femur has a smaller curvature projecting towards the anterior side of the body, and correspondingly, the medullary cavity of the femur also has a curvature projecting towards the anterior side of the body. Therefore, the first part and the second part are connected through the bending part, so that the whole femoral intramedullary nail also has a radian similar to the femoral medullary cavity, and the matching degree of the femoral intramedullary nail inserted into the femoral bone and the femoral medullary cavity is improved. Furthermore, when the length of the femur changes, the radian of the femur on the sagittal plane also slightly changes, and the fit between the intramedullary nail and the patient with different lengths of the femur can be further improved by adjusting the position of the bending part (i.e. adjusting the distance between the midpoint of the bending part and the free end of the first part) and adjusting the size of the curvature radius R of the bending part.
Drawings
The technical solutions and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present application when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a femoral intramedullary nail provided in an embodiment of the present application, looking straight at a first plane.
Fig. 2 is a K-directional view of the femoral intramedullary nail of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the femoral intramedullary nail of fig. 1 taken along the direction E-E.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the femoral intramedullary nail of fig. 1 taken along the direction D-D.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides a femoral intramedullary nail and an intramedullary nail assembly, which aim to solve the problem that the matching degree of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 and a femoral medullary cavity is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a femoral intramedullary nail provided in an embodiment of the present application, which is seen from a front plane. A femoral intramedullary nail 100, which is applied to an intramedullary nail component. The intramedullary nail component is used for connecting and fixing a plurality of sections of fractured thighbones in a femoral fracture operation.
The intramedullary nail assembly may include a femoral intramedullary nail 100 and locking nails.
In actual surgery, the end of the femur having the greater trochanter (i.e., the end of the femur near the hip) is generally referred to as the proximal end, while the end of the femur away from the greater trochanter (i.e., the end of the femur near the ankle) is generally referred to as the distal end. Typically, a cut is made at the apex of the greater trochanter of the femur in communication with the intramedullary canal of the femur, and a staple hole is drilled from the proximal end of the femur toward the distal end through the cut and through the fractured multi-segmented femur. At this time, the femoral intramedullary nail 100 is inserted into the nail path hole from the incision, and then the multi-section femur is screwed and fixed with the femoral intramedullary nail 100 by the locking nail. During the operation, the end of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 inserted into the nail hole first is referred to as the distal end of the femoral intramedullary nail 100, and the end of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 inserted into the nail hole last is referred to as the proximal end of the femoral intramedullary nail 100.
As shown in fig. 1, the femoral intramedullary nail 100 may comprise a first portion 11, a bend portion 12 and a second portion 13 in a direction from a proximal end of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 towards a distal end of the femoral intramedullary nail 100.
As shown in fig. 1, in the first plane, the projection of the bent portion 12 is a circular arc, and the radius of curvature of the bent portion 12 is R. One end of the first portion 11 is connected to one end of the bent portion 12. The first portion 11 is provided with a first locking hole 111. the first locking hole 111 threadedly secures the first portion 11 to the patient's bone with a mating locking pin, such as a proximal locking pin. The second portion 13 is connected to the other end of the bent portion 12. The second part 13 is provided with a second locking hole 131, the second locking hole 131 being used for co-operating with a locking pin, such as a distal locking pin, for screw fixation of the second part 13 to the bone of the patient.
Since the inner diameter at the distal end of the intramedullary canal of the femur is smaller than the inner diameter at the proximal end, the maximum outer diameter of the second part 13 for insertion into the distal end of the femur is likewise smaller than the maximum outer diameter of the first part 11 for insertion into the proximal end of the femur.
In the first plane, along the central axis direction of the projection of the first part 11, the distance between the midpoint of the bent part 12 and the free end of the first part 11 is L1, L1 is between 180 mm and 190 mm, the total length from the free end of the first part 11 to the free end of the second part 13 is L, and R is greater than or equal to 4L and less than or equal to 6L.
When the femoral intramedullary nail 100 is inserted into the femoral medullary cavity of a patient, the first plane is parallel to the sagittal plane of the patient. Through studies on the human anatomy, in the sagittal plane of a patient, the femur has a smaller arc protruding towards the anterior side of the human body, known as the anterior femoral arch in the medical industry. Accordingly, the medullary cavity of the femur also has a curvature that protrudes toward the anterior side of the body. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the first portion 11 and the second portion 13 are connected by the bending portion 12, so that the overall femoral intramedullary nail 100 also has a similar curvature to the femoral medullary cavity, so as to improve the matching degree of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 with the femoral medullary cavity after being inserted into the femur.
Further, in order to improve the matching degree of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 with the femurs of different patients, a large amount of human anatomy data researches find that when the length of the femur changes due to different ages, heights and other factors, the radian of the femur on the sagittal plane also slightly changes. In the embodiment of the present application, the fitting degree of the intramedullary nail 100 to patients with different femur lengths can be improved by adjusting the position of the bending portion 12 (i.e., adjusting the size of L1) and adjusting the size of the curvature radius R of the bending portion 12.
Illustratively, L1 is 180 millimeters, R is equal to 4L, or L1 is 180 millimeters, R is equal to 6L, or L1 is 190 millimeters, R is equal to 4L, or L1 is 190 millimeters, R is equal to 6L, which is not limited in this application.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a K-direction view of the femoral intramedullary nail shown in fig. 1. First portion 11 may include a first segment 112, a bend segment 113, and a second segment 114. One end of the first segment 112 is connected to the bent portion 12. One end of the bending segment 113 is connected with the other end of the first segment 112. The second section 114 is connected with the other end of the bending section 113, and the second section 114 is provided with a first locking hole 111.
In the second plane, the projection of the bent portion 12 is a circular arc line, so that the first segment 112 and the second segment 114 are obliquely arranged. Wherein the second plane is perpendicular to the first plane.
It will be appreciated that when the femoral intramedullary nail 100 is inserted into the femur, the first plane is parallel to the sagittal plane of the patient and the second plane is parallel to the coronal plane of the patient. On the other hand, it is common to cut the femoral nail 100 at the greater trochanter of the patient's femur, which has a certain arc between the greater trochanter and the femoral shaft in the coronal plane of the patient, to insert the femoral nail into the intramedullary canal of the femur. Accordingly, the medullary cavity of the femur also has a curvature between the greater trochanter and the femoral solid. Therefore, the connection of the first segment 112 and the second segment 114 via the bending segment 113 can make the first portion 11 match the curvature of the connection between the femoral shaft and the greater trochanter of the patient, so as to improve the matching degree of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 and the medullary cavity of the patient.
As shown in fig. 2, the axis of the first segment 112 and the axis of the second segment 114 are at an angle α, which is between 174 ° and 176 °. It will be appreciated that, based on anatomical analysis of the human femur, the greater trochanter apex of the femur is preferably incised to insert the intramedullary nail 100 into the medullary canal. And the incision is located on the axis of the greater trochanter, which has an angle of 4 deg. to 6 deg. with the axis of the femoral shaft in the coronal plane. Therefore, during the operation, the angle α is 174 ° to 176 ° to facilitate the insertion of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 into the medullary cavity of the femur at the incision of the greater trochanter of the femur.
As shown in FIG. 2, the distance from the free end of the second segment 114 to the midpoint of the bending segment 113 along the axial direction of the second segment 114 is L2, and L2 is 90 mm or less. It will be appreciated that, based on anatomical analysis of the human femur, the femoral trochanter apex of the femur is preferably notched to insert the intramedullary nail 100 into the medullary canal, and the distance between the femoral trochanter apex and the bend between the femoral trochanter and the femoral shaft is on average 90 mm. Therefore, when L2 is smaller than 90 mm, it is avoided with a high probability that the free end of the second section 114 protrudes beyond the femur after insertion of the intramedullary nail 100 into the medullary canal, so as to cause compression and/or irritation to the musculature of the exterior of the femur.
As shown in fig. 2, the axis of the first locking hole 111 is parallel to the second plane, i.e. the axis of the first locking hole 111 is parallel to the coronal plane of the patient. The axis of the first locking hole 111 is at an angle β to the axis of the second section 114, β being between 40 ° and 70 °. For example, β may be 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, or 70 °.
It is understood that through anatomical analysis of a human femur, there is an angle of 110 ° to 140 ° between the femoral neck and the femoral shaft of the femur on the coronal plane. Thus, β is between 40 ° and 70 ° so that the proximal locking pin can be inserted into the femur from the side of the femoral solid facing away from the femoral neck, along the axis of the femoral neck, and from the first locking hole 111 through the posterior into the femoral neck of the femur. Furthermore, the stability of the installation of the proximal locking nail can be increased by increasing the connection area between the proximal locking nail and the femur, so that the femoral intramedullary nail 100 is installed more firmly.
In order to allow the proximal locking pin in the first locking hole 111 to be inserted more accurately into the medullary cavity at the femoral neck, as shown in fig. 2, the distance between the first locking hole 111 and the end surface of the second section 114 in the axial direction of the second section 114 is L3, and L3 is between 30 mm and 50 mm. For example, L3 may be 30 millimeters, 37 millimeters, or 50 millimeters.
It will be appreciated that the distance from the tip of the trochanter to the axis of the femoral neck is between 30 mm and 50 mm, and therefore, between 30 mm and 50 mm of L3 allows the proximal locking pin in the first locking hole 111 to be inserted more accurately into the femoral neck, according to anatomical analysis of the human femur.
As shown in fig. 1, the first locking hole 111 is a non-circular hole. Accordingly, the proximal locking pin inserted into the first locking hole 111 is a non-cylindrical rod-shaped structure with a cross-section similar to the first locking hole 111 to limit the proximal locking pin from rotating after being inserted into the first locking hole 111.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the intramedullary nail of fig. 1 taken along the direction E-E. At least one radial cross-section of the second segment 114 is a non-circular cross-section. It will be appreciated that the foramen hole is formed in the medullary cavity by drilling a hole in the medullary cavity. At least one radial section of the second section 114 is a non-circular section, so that the contact area between the second section 114 and the inner wall of the nail path hole of the medullary cavity is reduced, and the pressure of the second section 114 on the tissue in the medullary cavity is further reduced, so that the blood supply of the tissue in the medullary cavity is reduced by the second section 114.
Illustratively, the second segment 114 may be generally cylindrical with the peripheral outer wall thereof cut to form one or more flats. Alternatively, the second segment 114 is an elliptical cylinder as a whole, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the intramedullary nail of fig. 1 taken along the direction D-D. A first channel 14 extends through the first portion 11, the bent portion 12 and the second portion 13, and the first channel 14 extends from an end surface of the first portion 11 to an end surface of the second portion 13. The first channel is used for the first channel 14 for passing an instrument guide pin. Thus, the minimum inner diameter of the first channel 14 should be greater than the maximum outer diameter of the instrument lead.
In the actual operation process, the instrument guide pin can be inserted into the nail channel hole of the medullary cavity, and the end part of the instrument guide pin located outside the patient body is inserted into the first channel 14 from one end of the second part 13, so that the femoral intramedullary nail 100 can be inserted into the medullary cavity along the guide of the instrument guide pin, and the matching degree of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 and the medullary cavity of the patient is further improved.
As shown in fig. 4, the junction of the end surface of the second part 13 and the inner wall of the second part 13 forming the first channel 14 is provided with a first chamfer 132. In practice, the end of the instrument guide pin located in the medullary cavity is usually provided with a head portion having an outer diameter that is the largest part of the outer diameter of the instrument guide pin, and the parts other than the head portion have the same diameter everywhere, and after the intramedullary nail is inserted into the medullary cavity along the instrument guide pin, the instrument guide pin needs to be extracted through the first channel 14 of the femoral intramedullary nail 100. At this time, if the first chamfer 132 is not provided at the end surface and the inner wall of the second portion 13, the head of the instrument guide pin is easily interfered with the end surface of the second portion 13 during the drawing process, thereby causing the jamming or unsmooth drawing process of the instrument guide pin. In contrast, by providing the first chamfer 132 in the embodiment of the present application, during the process of withdrawing the instrument guide pin, the head of the instrument guide pin can be guided into the first channel 14 through the first chamfer 132. It can be seen that the femoral intramedullary nail 100 of the embodiment of the present application has the advantage of easy removal of the instrument guide pin.
In actual machining, the first chamfer 132 may be a round chamfer or a straight chamfer.
To facilitate insertion of the femoral intramedullary nail 100 into the medullary cavity, the outer surface of the second portion 13 is provided with a second chamfer 133 at the junction with the end surface of the second portion 13, as shown in fig. 4. Therefore, when the femoral intramedullary nail 100 is misaligned with the nail way hole of the medullary cavity, the femoral intramedullary nail 100 can be guided to the correct position along the chamfer formed by the second chamfer 133 and inserted into the nail way hole.
In actual machining, the second chamfer 133 may be a round chamfer or a straight chamfer.
As shown in fig. 1, the first portion 11 defines a positioning groove 115. The positioning slot 115 extends from the end surface of the first part 11 towards the second part 13. The positioning groove 115 extends through the first portion 11 to form a sidewall of the first channel 14, so that an instrument for holding the intramedullary nail 100 during a surgical procedure, such as a positioning protrusion on a lifting handle, can be snapped into the positioning groove 115 to position the lifting handle with the intramedullary nail 100.
Illustratively, the second section 114 of the first portion 11 may be provided with a positioning groove 115. The positioning slot 115 extends from the end surface of the second section 114 toward the first section 112.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The detailed description of the intramedullary nail and the intramedullary nail assembly provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the principle and the embodiments of the present application are explained in detail by applying specific examples, and the description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the method and the core concept of the present application; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A femoral intramedullary nail, comprising:
the projection of the bent part is in an arc shape in a first plane, and the curvature radius of the bent part is R;
the first part is connected with one end of the bent part and is provided with a first locking hole; and
the second part is connected with the other end of the bent part and is provided with a second locking hole;
in the first plane, along the central axis direction of the projection of the first part, the distance between the midpoint of the bent part and the free end of the first part is 180-190 mm, the total length from the free end of the first part to the free end of the second part is L, and R is greater than or equal to 4L and less than or equal to 6L.
2. The femoral intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises:
one end of the first section is connected with the bent part;
one end of the bending section is connected with the other end of the first section; in a second plane, the projection of the bending part is arc-shaped, and the second plane is perpendicular to the first plane; and
and the second section is connected with the other end of the bending section, and the first locking hole is formed in the second section.
3. The femoral intramedullary nail of claim 2, wherein an angle between an axis of the first segment and an axis of the second segment in the second plane is between 174 ° and 176 °;
and along the axial direction of the second section, the distance from the free tail end of the second section to the midpoint of the bent section is less than or equal to 90 mm.
4. The femoral intramedullary nail of claim 2, wherein the axis of the first locking hole is parallel to the second plane, the axis of the first locking hole being angled between 40 ° and 70 ° from the axis of the second segment;
the first locking hole is spaced from the free end of the second section by between 30 mm and 50 mm in the direction of the axis of the second section.
5. The intramedullary nail of claim 2, wherein at least one radial cross-section of the second section is a non-circular cross-section.
6. The intramedullary nail according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a first channel is provided through the first portion, the bent portion and the second portion, the first channel extending from an end surface of the first portion to an end surface of the second portion, the first channel being for an instrument guide pin to pass through.
7. The intramedullary nail of claim 6, wherein a junction of the end surface of the second portion and the inner wall of the second portion is provided with a first chamfer.
8. The intramedullary nail of claim 6, wherein the first portion defines a detent extending from an end surface of the first portion toward the second portion, the detent extending through the first portion to form a sidewall of the first channel.
9. The intramedullary nail of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a junction of the outer surface of the second portion and the end surface of the second portion is provided with a second chamfer.
10. An intramedullary nail assembly comprising a femoral intramedullary nail according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202123275446.XU CN216777192U (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Femoral intramedullary nail and intramedullary nail assembly |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123275446.XU CN216777192U (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Femoral intramedullary nail and intramedullary nail assembly |
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| CN216777192U true CN216777192U (en) | 2022-06-21 |
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| CN202123275446.XU Active CN216777192U (en) | 2021-12-23 | 2021-12-23 | Femoral intramedullary nail and intramedullary nail assembly |
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- 2021-12-23 CN CN202123275446.XU patent/CN216777192U/en active Active
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