CN216751533U - Bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using coupling inductor - Google Patents

Bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using coupling inductor Download PDF

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CN216751533U
CN216751533U CN202122860108.6U CN202122860108U CN216751533U CN 216751533 U CN216751533 U CN 216751533U CN 202122860108 U CN202122860108 U CN 202122860108U CN 216751533 U CN216751533 U CN 216751533U
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capacitor
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converter
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陈景文
薛冠宇
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

A bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter utilizing a coupling inductor comprises two secondary coupling inductor branches to realize higher voltage conversion factor, current sharing characteristic and soft switching; because a double-current path inductance structure is adopted, the voltage conversion ratio is improved, and current can be shared in all working modes; all active switches utilize soft switches of a synchronous rectification concept, so that the conduction loss is reduced; the converter in the present application does not require additional circuit elements to achieve soft switching, and can achieve more efficient operation. The converter in this application utilizes two parallel inductor current paths to share input current under step-up and step-down mode to reduce the rated current of single coil, help reducing the input current ripple, because topological advantage, the leakage inductance energy directly transmits the load, and the step-down mode under 170W condition and the step-up mode under 190W condition maximum measurement efficiency is 96.12% and 96.63% respectively.

Description

Bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using coupling inductor
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of power electronic soft switches, and particularly relates to a bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter utilizing a coupling inductor.
Background
The bidirectional DC/DC converter is widely applied to the fields of storage interfaces and electric automobiles. Because it is required to achieve high voltage gain in a boost mode and the interface low-voltage battery can reach the high-voltage side even in a buck mode, the traditional dual-switch non-isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter is not suitable for the applications, and the efficiency and the voltage stress performance of the traditional bidirectional DC/DC converter are poor. In order to solve the problem that the required conversion ratio is difficult to achieve in both the buck and boost working modes, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is divided into two major categories, namely an isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter and a non-isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter. In order to realize a high conversion ratio, the isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter adopts a transformer as an isolation element. However, in the full-bridge isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter, the number of active switches is generally greater than or equal to 8. To reduce the number of active switches in the circuit, some researchers have implemented a half-bridge topology. However, the most significant problem faced by these converters is the complexity of implementing soft switching and control.
The non-isolated bidirectional DC/DC uses different circuit concepts such as SEPIC, voltage multiplier, switched capacitor, coupled inductor to achieve high conversion ratio. SEPIC-derived BDCS is less efficient due to its cascaded structure. The voltage multiplier can be used to design a bi-directional DC/DC converter, but it creates large voltage stress between the switches. The bidirectional DC/DC converter based on the switched capacitor has the advantages of simple structure, low control complexity and better performance in nature. However, the switching losses and large switching current stresses of such converters remain major problems. Soft switching in these converters, i.e. zero voltage switching of the active switches, can be achieved by the auxiliary circuits, but with limited gain and control complexity.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter utilizing a coupling inductor
The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
a bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter utilizing a coupling inductor is characterized by comprising a first coupling inductor branch and a second coupling inductor branch, wherein the first coupling inductor branch comprises a dotted terminal of a coupling inductor magnetic coil L1, and a capacitor C4 and a first coupling branch magnetic coil L2 which are sequentially connected with the dotted terminal of the coupling inductor magnetic coil L1;
the second coupling inductance branch comprises a coupling inductance magnetic coil L1, a capacitor C2 and a second coupling branch magnetic coil L3, wherein the capacitor C2 and the second coupling branch magnetic coil L3 are sequentially connected with the unlike end of the coupling inductance magnetic coil L1;
the first coupling inductance branch and the second coupling inductance branch are connected with an inductance current path in parallel and used for sharing input current in a voltage boosting mode and a voltage reducing mode.
Further, a dotted terminal of the coupling inductance magnetic coil L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the input battery VLV, the capacitor C4 and a dotted terminal of the first coupling branch magnetic coil L2, and the dotted terminal of the coupling inductance magnetic coil L1 is connected to a dotted terminal of the capacitor C2 and a dotted terminal of the second coupling branch magnetic coil L2, a drain of the switching tube S1 and a source of the switching tube S2, respectively;
the homonymous end of the first coupling branch magnetic coil L2 is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S4 and the source electrode of the switch tube S5;
the different name end of the second coupling branch inductor L3 is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the output capacitor C3 and the drain electrode of the switch tube S3;
the positive electrode of the output capacitor C3 is connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S5 and the source electrode of the switch tube S6, and the drain electrode of the main switch S6 is connected with the bidirectional DC/DC output end.
Further, the negative electrode of the input storage battery VLV is connected to the source of the switching tube S2 and the capacitor C1, respectively.
Further, the drain of the switch tube S2 is connected to the source of the switch tube S3 and the capacitor C1, respectively.
Further, a power supply VHL is disposed between the drain of the switching tube S6 and the capacitor C1 to verify the boost operation.
Further, the switching tube S1, the switching tube S2, the switching tube S3, the switching tube S4, the switching tube S5 and the switching tube S6 all adopt active switching MOSFETs.
Further, the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S6 are active switch main switches.
Further, the switching tube S2, the switching tube S3, the switching tube S4 and the switching tube S5 are active auxiliary switches.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:
a bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter utilizing a coupling inductor comprises two secondary coupling inductor branches to realize higher voltage conversion factor, current sharing characteristic and soft switching; because a double-current path inductance structure is adopted, the voltage conversion ratio is improved, and current can be shared in all working modes; all active switches utilize soft switches of a synchronous rectification concept, so that the conduction loss is reduced; the converter in the present application does not require additional circuit elements to achieve soft switching, and can achieve more efficient operation. The converter in this application utilizes two parallel inductor current paths to share input current under step-up and step-down mode to reduce single coil's rated current, help reducing the input current ripple, because topological advantage, the direct transmission of leakage inductance energy is to the load, and the step-down mode under 170W condition and the step-up mode under 190W condition are the biggest measurement efficiency 96.12% and 96.63% respectively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional common current DC/DC converter using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC boost using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC boost using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC boost using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC boost using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC boost using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC boost using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC buck using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC buck using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC buck using a coupled inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC buck using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC buck using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a high gain and high efficiency bi-directional common current DC/DC buck using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a high-gain and high-efficiency bi-directional common-current DC/DC voltage reduction using a coupling inductor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the utility model.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the utility model described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.
The utility model provides a bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter utilizing a coupling inductor, which comprises a first coupling inductor branch and a second coupling inductor branch as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the first coupling inductor branch comprises a dotted terminal of a coupling inductor magnetic coil L1, a capacitor C4 and a first coupling branch magnetic coil L2, which are sequentially connected with the dotted terminal of the coupling inductor magnetic coil L1, and specifically, the coupling inductor transformation ratio N is N2/N1;
the second coupling inductance branch comprises a synonym end of a coupling inductance magnetic coil L1, and a capacitor C2 and a second coupling branch magnetic coil L3 which are sequentially connected with the synonym end of the coupling inductance magnetic coil L1;
the first coupling inductance branch and the second coupling inductance branch are connected with an inductance current path in parallel and used for sharing input current in a voltage boosting mode and a voltage reducing mode.
Further, a dotted terminal of the coupling inductance magnetic coil L1 is connected to the positive electrode of the input battery VLV, the capacitor C4 and a dotted terminal of the first coupling branch magnetic coil L2, and a dotted terminal of the coupling inductance magnetic coil L1 is connected to a dotted terminal of the capacitor C2 and a dotted terminal of the second coupling branch magnetic coil L2, a drain of the switching tube S1 and a source of the switching tube S2, respectively;
the homonymous end of the first coupling branch magnetic coil L2 is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S4 and the source electrode of the switch tube S5;
the different name end of the second coupling branch inductor L3 is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the output capacitor C3 and the drain electrode of the switch tube S3;
the positive electrode of the output capacitor C3 is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S5 so as to switch the source electrode of the switching tube S6, and the drain electrode of the main switch S6 is connected with the bidirectional DC/DC output end.
Further, the negative electrode of the input storage battery VLV is connected to the source of the switching tube S2 and the capacitor C1, respectively.
Further, the drain of the switching tube S2 is connected to the source of the switching tube S3 and the capacitor C1, respectively.
Further, a power supply VHL is disposed between the drain of the switching tube S6 and the capacitor C1 to verify the boost operation.
Furthermore, the switching tube S1, the switching tube S2, the switching tube S3, the switching tube S4, the switching tube S5 and the switching tube S6 all adopt active switching MOSFETs.
Further, the switch tube S1 and the switch tube S6 are active switch main switches.
Furthermore, the switching tube S2, the switching tube S3, the switching tube S4 and the switching tube S5 are active switch auxiliary switches.
Specifically, the utility model adopts a dual-current path inductance structure, improves the voltage conversion ratio, can share current in all working modes, all active switches utilize soft switches of a synchronous rectification concept, and can realize higher-efficiency operation without additional circuit elements to realize the soft switches;
furthermore, in the case of a unit turn ratio (n is 1), high conversion coefficients of not less than 10 for boosting and not more than 1/10 for lowering voltage can be obtained. Under two working modes of voltage boosting and voltage reducing, the current and voltage stress of the main MOSFET switch are small, and the conduction loss can be reduced by matching with a low-voltage and low-pass state resistance MOSFET; also, all active switches are soft switches, i.e., zero voltage switches, and thus the switching losses are negligible, further improving the conversion efficiency.
The utility model utilizes the two parallel inductor current paths to share the input current in the voltage boosting and reducing modes, thereby reducing the rated current of a single coil and being beneficial to reducing the input current ripple. Due to the topological advantage, leakage inductance energy is directly transferred to the load. The maximum measurement efficiencies of the buck mode under the condition of 170W and the boost mode under the condition of 190W are respectively 96.12 percent and 96.63 percent, and the bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter has high gain and high efficiency.
The utility model provides a high-gain and high-efficiency bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using a coupling inductor, which comprises the following steps:
to simplify the analysis, the coupling inductance was modeled as an ideal transformer with two secondary windings and an excitation inductance Lm. The model also needs to consider leakage inductance LlkCircuit parameters such as the ripple voltage across the capacitor are made very small and are ignored for simplicity of analysis. Active MOSFET switches are considered ideal switches, magnetizing inductances Lm and Lm + L_lkThe obtained ratio is taken as a coupling coefficient k, the winding turn ratio is n, and two working modes of boosting and reducing in Continuous Conduction (CCM) are adopted;
and (3) boosting:
in boost mode of operation, power is supplied from a low voltage source V_LVFlow direction high voltage bus V_HVThe CIBDC mode proposed by the present invention is divided into 6 subintervals, specifically the high-side V, according to the switching status_HVThe circuit model is considered as a combination of output capacitance and resistance to verify boost operation;
s1: under the condition of ZVS, the switching tube S4 and the switching tube S6 are closed, and the current passes through the switch tube S4 and the anti-parallel body diode of the switch tube S6, so that the current of the switch tube S1 is zero; further, as shown in fig. 2, at time t1, when the switch tube S1 is turned on, the step S1 is ended;
s2: the body diode of the switching tube S1 is conducted, the switching tube S1 is started to realize ZVS on-off, the polarities of the secondary winding and the tertiary winding of the coupling inductor enable the reverse parallel body diode of the switching tube S3 and the reverse parallel body diode of the switching tube S5 to be biased in the forward direction, and the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C4 release energy to the capacitors C2 and C3 along with the secondary winding and the tertiary winding of the coupling inductor;
specifically, as shown in fig. 3, when the switching tube S1 is turned on at the beginning of this time, ZVS on/off operation is realized, coupling the inductor magnetizing current (i)lm) Begins to rise, the load current is output high voltageSide capacitance CHVIt is provided that at this time, the soft switching operation of the switching tube S1 is implemented during the turn-on process, similar to synchronous rectification.
S3: the switching tube S3 and the switching tube S5 are switched on under the ZVS condition, the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C4, together with the coupled inductive secondary winding and the coupled tertiary winding, continue to release the energy to the capacitors C2 and C3 in the mode, the capacitance values of the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2 and the inductance of the coupled inductive secondary winding are adjusted, and the DTs interval half-cycle quasi-resonant current (tr) process is completed; further, as shown in fig. 4, the current stress of the switching tube S1 is reduced; similarly, the soft switching operation of the switch tube S3 and the switch tube S5 is also performed under synchronous rectification;
s4: as shown in fig. 5, the switching tube S1, the switching tube S3 and the switching tube S5 are first turned off, at this time, the polarities of the primary winding of the coupling inductor and the leakage inductor are reversed, the switching tube S2, the high-voltage side of the switching tube S4 and the body diode of the switching tube S6 are naturally turned on, at this time, the switching voltage is zero, the magnetization energy stored in the leakage inductor is transferred to the capacitor C1 through the body diode of the switching tube S2, specifically, the capacitor C4 is in a charging mode, the energy of the third winding of the coupling inductor is stored, the energy stored in the capacitor C2, the capacitor C3 and the secondary winding of the coupling inductor is released to the high-voltage side capacitor and the load side, and the magnetization current starts to decrease;
s5: as shown in fig. 6, when the switch S2, the switch S4 and the switch S6 are turned on under ZVS condition, the magnetizing current ilm continues to decrease, specifically, the energy stored in the capacitor C2, the capacitor C3 and the secondary winding of the coupled inductor is discharged to the high-voltage side capacitor and the load side until the stored magnetizing energy in the leakage inductance is transferred to the capacitor C1, and when the stored energy is transferred to the capacitor C1, the switch S2 stops conducting; then, as shown in fig. 7, when the switching tube S2 does not supply any more current to the capacitor C1, the boosting process is completed;
and (3) a pressure reduction process:
in buck mode operation, power is drawn from high voltage VHVSource flow direction low voltage VLVIn one working cycle, buck is divided into the following 7 steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 8, the switch tube S1, the switch tube S3 and the switch tube S5 are turned off, the body diodes of the switch tube S1, the switch tube S5 and the switch tube S6 are forward biased due to the polarity of the coupling inductor, and the secondary winding and tertiary winding currents of the coupling inductor enter the high-voltage side through the body diode of the switch tube S6; so that the switching tube S6 can be opened under the ZVS condition, and when the ZVS is finished at the time t1, the currents of the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S5 are reduced to zero, and at the same time, the switching tube S1 and the switching tube S5 are closed under the ZVS condition due to the conduction of the body diode;
s2: as shown in fig. 9, when the switching tube S6 is turned on under ZVS condition, at time T1, the reverse current flowing into the high-voltage side decreases to zero, and the free-spinning phase of buck operation stops;
s3: as shown in fig. 10, the capacitor C1 and the capacitor C4 are charged through the body diodes of the switching tube S2 and the switching tube S4, respectively;
specifically, due to the on of the switching tube S1, the current flows more easily through the coupling inductor and the capacitor C3, and the capacitor C2 flows from the high-voltage side to the low-voltage side, so that the active voltage reduction process is realized; since the body diodes of the switch tube S2 and the switch tube S3 are turned on by inductive polarity coupling, the magnetizing current imWhen the voltage rises in the opposite direction compared to the boosting process, the capacitors C1 and C4 are charged in this mode through the body diodes of the switching tubes S2 and S4, respectively; since the body diodes of switch S2 and switch S4 are conductive, these switches can be opened under ZVS conditions, while the low side capacitance and load current are provided by the high side in this step;
s4: as shown in fig. 11, when the switching tube S2 and the switching tube S4 are turned on in the ZVS state, the current through S2 is zero, and the capacitor C1 is fully charged;
s5: as shown in fig. 12, the switching tube S2 is turned on, and the capacitor C1 starts to discharge until the switching tube S6 is turned off;
s6: as shown in fig. 13, the switch S6 is turned off, the polarity of the coupling inductor changes to maintain the continuity of the inductor current, the body diodes of the switch S1, the switch S3 and the switch S5 are forward biased and start to conduct, at this time, the capacitor C1 starts to discharge, the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 start to charge, the magnetizing current starts to decrease, and when the body diode conducts, the switch S1, the switch S3 and the switch S5 will turn on under ZVS condition;
s7: as shown in fig. 14, when the switching tube S1, the switching tube S3 and the switching tube S5 are turned on under ZVS condition, the capacitor C2 and the capacitor C3 are continuously charged, and when the switching tube S3, the switching tube S5 and the switching tube S1 are turned off, the step S1 is repeated to complete the voltage reduction process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter utilizing a coupling inductor is characterized by comprising a first coupling inductor branch and a second coupling inductor branch, wherein the first coupling inductor branch comprises a dotted terminal of a coupling inductor magnetic coil L1, and a capacitor C4 and a first coupling branch magnetic coil L2 which are sequentially connected with the dotted terminal of the coupling inductor magnetic coil L1;
the second coupling inductance branch comprises a coupling inductance magnetic coil L1, a capacitor C2 and a second coupling branch magnetic coil L3, wherein the capacitor C2 and the second coupling branch magnetic coil L3 are sequentially connected with the unlike end of the coupling inductance magnetic coil L1;
the first coupling inductance branch and the second coupling inductance branch are connected with an inductance current path in parallel and used for sharing input current in a voltage boosting mode and a voltage reducing mode.
2. The bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter utilizing the coupling inductor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dotted terminal of the coupling inductor magnetic coil L1 is connected with the positive electrode of the input battery VLV, the capacitor C4 and the synonym terminal of the first coupling branch magnetic coil L2, the synonym terminal of the coupling inductor magnetic coil L1 is connected with the dotted terminal of the capacitor C2 and the second coupling branch magnetic coil L2, the drain of the switching tube S1 and the source of the switching tube S2 respectively;
the homonymous end of the first coupling branch magnetic coil L2 is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the switch tube S4 and the source electrode of the switch tube S5;
the different name end of the second coupling branch inductor L3 is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the output capacitor C3 and the drain electrode of the switch tube S3;
the positive electrode of the output capacitor C3 is connected with the drain electrode of the switching tube S5 and the source electrode of the switching tube S6, and the drain electrode of the switching tube S6 is connected with the bidirectional DC/DC output end.
3. The bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using the coupled inductor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the negative pole of the input battery VLV is connected to the source of a switch S2 and a capacitor C1 respectively.
4. The bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using the coupled inductor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drains of the switch transistors S2 are connected to the source of the switch transistor S3 and the capacitor C1, respectively.
5. The bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using the coupled inductor as claimed in claim 2, wherein a power supply VHL is provided between the drain of the switch tube S6 and the capacitor C1 for verifying the boost operation.
6. The bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using the coupled inductor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the switch tube S1, the switch tube S2, the switch tube S3, the switch tube S4, the switch tube S5 and the switch tube S6 are all active switch MOSFETs.
7. The bi-directional common-current DC/DC converter using coupled inductors as claimed in claim 2, wherein the switch transistors S1 and S6 are active switch main switches.
8. The bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using the coupled inductor according to claim 2, wherein the switch tube S2, the switch tube S3, the switch tube S4 and the switch tube S5 are active auxiliary switches.
CN202122860108.6U 2021-11-18 2021-11-18 Bidirectional common-current DC/DC converter using coupling inductor Active CN216751533U (en)

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