CN216749270U - Bridge for three-string erhu - Google Patents

Abstract

A bridge for a three-stringed erhu from the Erhu is obtained by improving the original bridge of the Erhu, and is characterized in that an inclined sound column (11) is arranged on one side of a base (8), a bass groove (12) is arranged at the top end of the base and is parallel to an inner groove (13), the sound column (11) is perpendicular to the inner groove (13) and an outer groove (14) in a different plane, and the extension line of the axis of the sound column points to the center of the bottom surface. The tuning post (11) raises the bass strings to ensure that the error between the projection of the bass strings on the plane where the inner strings and the outer strings are positioned and the distance between the inner strings and the outer strings is within +/-1 mm. The depth of the inward recess of the optimum resonance area on the bridge pressing film is equivalent to the depth of the original bridge. The bridge makes the three-stringed erhu as the self-stringed erhu retain the special lingering charm of playing erhu and can be played as a violin.

Description

Bridge for three-string erhu

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a component of a musical instrument, in particular to a component of a national musical instrument, in particular to a bridge for a three-stringed erhu from the erhu.

The three-string erhu prepared by modifying the traditional erhu according to the requirements of the three-string erhu is called as the three-string erhu from the erhu.

Background

Erhu is known as Huqin, which is widely distributed in folk, but is often used as accompaniment for folk operas, singing, speaking and singing. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, the fingering starts after the improvement of Mr. Liu Tian Hua, so that the national musical instrument is played in the great elegance. Since the inner string and the outer string of the urheen are steel wire strings, the D string and the a string of the violin are simulated to be timbre, but the lowest pitch is five degrees higher than the lowest pitch of the violin, so that the lowest pitch of the music cannot be accurately expressed. The three-string urheen is provided for expanding the bass region of the urheen. For example, chinese patent ZL98235984.5 discloses a three-stringed erhu. The three-string urheen is formed by adding a bass string (called bass string below) on the basis of an urheen. It goes without saying that three strings must be placed on the bridge of the three-string erhu, and three tuning pegs are provided on the rod, as shown in fig. 1.

At present, the bridge for the three-string urheen from the urheen is compared with the original bridge of the urheen, namely, the original bridge is extended rightwards, and bass strings are placed on the extended part.

The bass strings are placed directly on the extended part of the bridge, namely the bass strings are positioned on the same plane with the inner strings and the outer strings, so that the bridge tail on the bow is required to be divided into two parts, one part is positioned between the bass strings and the inner strings, and the other part is positioned between the inner strings and the outer strings, which is similar to a folk urheen. When the user plays the music, the right hand of the bow has to change fingers continuously, and one of the two horsetails is controlled to rub the bass string, so that the operation is complex and the popularization is difficult. The other is to lift the extended part of the bridge, so that the bass string is higher than the plane of the inner string and the outer string, and the ponytail on the bow is still positioned between the inner string and the outer string. When the musical instrument is played, the right arm of the fortune bow only needs to move backwards to the extent that the bow rod rotates inwards for a certain angle, and the bass strings can be rubbed without touching the inner strings.

The bridge of the urheen is equivalent to a sound column in a violin resonance box, and the sound column in the violin resonance box is fixed on the optimal resonance point in the resonance box and does not move any more when being manufactured.

The membrane of the urheen is flexible, and the membrane is also provided with an optimal resonance area, namely an area with the maximum amplitude, which is usually a circular area positioned in the center of the membrane, the bridge is placed on the membrane, the vibration of strings generates the maximum amplitude on the membrane when playing, the sound transmitted after the sound amplification through the resonance of a cylinder is obviously increased, the sound in a high-pitch area is loud, the sound in a low-pitch area is deep, and the tone color is beautiful. When the amplitude is maximum, the attenuation time is prolonged, and after the end of a turn, the mood that the lingering sound is around the bridge for three days is presented, which is the specific charm of playing the erhu.

The size of the optimal resonance area on the film of the violin is obviously positively correlated with the size of the barrel, namely the size of the film, and is also correlated with the material of the film, the thickness of the film, particularly the humidity and the temperature of air during covering, namely, even the sizes of the optimal resonance areas of the violins of the same type are not completely the same, and the depths of the optimal resonance areas which are inwards sunken under the compression of the bridge are not completely the same, so that the requirement of one bridge is that the bridge matched with each violin is specific, the placement position is fixed, and the displacement is not more than 0.5mm under the specific condition. The application refers to the bridge as the original bridge.

The bridge for a three-stringed erhu from the erhu has to be expanded rightwards for placing bass strings, which means that the bottom surface of the bridge is enlarged, the bridge is still placed on the optimal resonance area on the surface, and actually the bottom surface of the bridge is beyond the optimal resonance area, so that the function is inhibited, namely, the vibration of the strings cannot form the maximum amplitude on the optimal resonance area, the optimal resonance effect is lost, the special charm generated when the erhu is played is lost, and particularly, the effect of the bass area is far away from that of the violin.

As is known, the bottom surface of the urheen original musical instrument code is usually in different shapes such as a circle, an ellipse or a rectangle, the bottom surface is provided with a base, the geometric shape of the base is different according to the shape of the bottom surface, the base is provided with sound transmission holes, the base is ridged, namely, the top surface is provided with a ridged cuboid ridge, and two musical instrument grooves for placing strings are processed on the ridge. The two musical instrument grooves are parallel and are parallel to the axis of the sound transmission hole.

When the bridge is mounted on the membrane for playing, the two channels are defined as an inner string channel (inner channel) and an outer string channel (outer channel), respectively. The inner groove is located on the right hand side of the player's bow and is used for placing the inner string (inner string), and the outer groove is located on the left hand side of the player's bow and is used for placing the outer string (outer string).

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the defects of the existing bridge of the three-stringed erhu from the erhu, the utility model aims to provide a novel bridge capable of improving the playing effect of the three-stringed erhu from the erhu, and the technical problem to be solved is that the bridge can not influence the normal play of the function of the optimal resonance area on the membrane of the bridge.

The key point of the method for improving the urheen into the three-string urheen is that a third tuning peg is arranged on a tuning rod to place bass strings, and the key point of the utility model is the improvement of the bridge.

The utility model relates to a code for a three-string urheen, which is obtained by improving the existing original code of the urheen.

The improved technical scheme is that an inclined round hole is processed on one side of a urheen original music code base, the round hole can be a through hole communicated with a sound transmission hole, a sound column is fixed in the round hole, a music groove for placing bass strings is processed at the top end of the sound column, the music groove is parallel to an inner groove and an outer groove on a ridge, the sound column is perpendicular to the inner groove and the outer groove on the ridge in a different-surface mode, and the extension line of the axis of the sound column points to the center of the bottom surface of the music code.

The inclined sound column is used for raising the bass strings, and the inclination angle (the included angle between the sound column and the bottom surface of the bridge) is required to enable the bow to rub the bass strings without touching the inner strings, therefore, the right arm of the bow moves backwards to enable the bow rod to rotate inwards by 30-40 degrees, the inward rotation angle is larger when the bow moves from the outer strings to the bass strings, and the inward rotation angle is smaller when the bow moves from the inner strings to the bass strings; the length of the sound column is under the condition of a certain inclination angle, so that the error between the projection of the raised bass strings on the plane where the inner strings and the outer strings are positioned and the distance between the inner strings and the outer strings is within +/-1 mm, and the distance between the raised bass strings and the distance between the inner strings and the outer strings is preferably equal.

Finally, the bridge with the sound column arranged is subjected to 'slimming' treatment, because the weight of the bridge is increased by adding a sound column compared with the original matched bridge, and the pressure exerted by a bass string is increased, so that the depth of the inward recess of the optimal resonance area is larger than that of the original matched bridge, and therefore the weight is required to be reduced, and the applicant tests show that the weight is reduced until the new bridge is formed, so that the error of the inward recess depth of the optimal resonance area is less than 0.3mm compared with the original matched bridge, and the depth of the two recesses is preferably equal.

The means for reducing weight is mainly grinding the top surface and/or the seat body and/or the bottom surface of the base.

The improvement only arranges an inclined sound column on the base, and does not relate to the shape and size of the bottom surface, even if the bottom surface is ground for reducing weight, the shape is not changed, and only a plurality of areas are reduced, especially the weight is reduced by grinding, so that the pressure of the bridge on the optimal resonance area is equal to or equal to the original bridge, namely the vibration of the strings obtains the maximum amplitude on the optimal resonance area as the original bridge, thereby the three-string two-stringed bowed instrument from the two-stringed bowed instrument obtains the same artistic effect as the two-stringed bowed instrument, namely the special charm of the two-stringed bowed instrument is restored.

When the three-string urheen from urheen uses the bridge, an unexpected and new artistic effect is obtained, namely the three-string urheen from urheen can be used as a violin.

The iso-koji co-workers are well known. However, the national musical instrument of two-stringed bowed instrument with three strings has the same work effect as the Western musical instrument of violin with four strings, and is unheard of. This is a fact, however, that is true and infallible. It is so that:

1. as mentioned above, the inner string and the outer string of the two-stringed Chinese fiddle are made of steel wire strings, the bass G string is added to expand the bass zone of the two-stringed Chinese fiddle by imitating the timbre of the D string and the A string of the violin, namely the three-stringed Chinese fiddle is adopted, and the bass zone of the three-stringed Chinese fiddle is equivalent to the bass zone of the violin. In short, the strings are made of the same material and have the same diameter as the musical scale, so that the vibration frequency is the same.

2. Both use the horse tail to make the bow, both say that both produce the sound effect through the vibration of horse tail friction string and sound box sympathetic response. It can be seen that the tone quality and tone color of the two are basically the same.

3. In a violin, the effective chord length of each string is 31cm, and the total effective chord length is 124 cm; in the three-string urheen, the effective chord length of each string is 41cm, the total effective chord length is 123cm, if the thousand-gold position is adjusted, the total effective chord lengths can be equal, which means that the two ranges are the same. The effective chord length is a length of a string that participates in vibration when playing. Such as the string between the qian and the bridge in a urheen.

The common knowledge tells people that music is composed of various high-low notes and half-notes. For the violin, the effective chord length of each chord has a specific position (namely the position where the finger is kneaded) corresponding to the effective chord length; for the three-stringed two-stringed bowed instrument, the total effective chord length is equivalent or equal to that of the violin, which means that the effective chord length of each string has a specific position corresponding to various high-low notes and half notes. But in a different position from the violin. It goes without saying that this requires the player to have a deep duhu playing power base and to be able to position it precisely in the sense of well-being of the temperament.

The applicant played the same grassland song "accompany you see the grassland together" with the three-stringed erhu and the violin and recorded the same, and then asked the professional senior students of the musical instrument of the university of Binhu workers to listen to the recording, and as a result, no one student can distinguish which one was played by the three-stringed erhu and which was played by the violin. The teacher with music also takes the beat to call out.

In the family of erhu, there are two quan erhu (middle size) and bass erhu (large size) in addition to erhu (small size). If the two-spring urheen is similar to the G string and the D string of the Chinese violin for timbre setting, a bass C string is added, the two-spring urheen is modified into a 'middle three-string urheen', and the total effective string length of the two-spring urheen is adjusted to be equal to or equal to that of the Chinese violin. If the C, G, D strings of the cello are directly adopted as the three strings of the bass urheen and the total effective string length of the violin is adjusted to be equal to or equal to the total effective string length of the cello, the violin is the 'cello-three string urheen'. Finally, respective original strings are improved according to the requirements of the utility model, so that the function of the optimal resonance area can be normally exerted, at this time, the middle three-string urheen using the string can be played as a viola, and the big three-string urheen using the string can be played as a viola. Thus providing an example for the national musical instrument erhu to imitate the western musical instrument dispenser.

Description of the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-string urheen, mainly illustrating that the urheen has three strings and three corresponding tuning pegs.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the bridge. (front view)

Reference numbers in the figures:

1. a barrel; 2. a musical instrument rod; 3. a fiddle bow; 4. thousand gold; 5. a peg; 6. a string; 7. a bridge 8 and a base; 9. a sound transmission hole; 10. a rectangular parallelepiped ridge; 11. a sound post; 12. a bass groove; 13. inner tank, 14, outer tank.

Detailed Description

Non-limiting examples are described below.

The one-Londonhuang urheen purchased in 2016 is changed into a three-stringed urheen, and the bridge thereof is improved, as shown in figure 2.

The bottom surface of the original musical instrument code is circular, the diameter is 13mm, the height of the base is 8 mm and is 9mm, the bottom surface of the original musical instrument code is in a circular truncated cone shape, but the bottom surface of the original musical instrument code is a circular truncated cone shape, two symmetrical generatrices on the side surface of the original musical instrument code are in a hyperbolic curve shape, and the base is provided with a sound transmission hole 9. Two parallel musical instrument grooves 13 and 14 are arranged on a rectangular ridge 10 on the circular table top, and the distance between the two musical instrument grooves is 6 mm.

After the inner string and the outer string on the original matched bridge are set, the sound is measured by a vernier caliper, and the optimal resonance region is sunken by 1.26mm inwards.

The improved technical scheme is as follows:

a through hole having a diameter of 3mm is formed in one side of the base 8, and an extension line of an axis thereof is directed to the center of the bottom surface. The through holes are perpendicular to the inner groove 13 and the outer groove 14 in a different plane.

A sound post 11 matched with the through hole is made of light materials, the sound post 11 is fixed in the through hole, and a bass groove 12 at the top end of the sound post 11 is parallel to the inner groove 13. The sound column 11 raises the bass strings by 13mm (the distance between the highest point and the plane of the bottom surface), and the projection of the bass strings on the plane of the inner strings and the outer strings is 6.5mm away from the inner strings.

The processed bridge is placed on the optimal resonance area of the piano membrane, after tuning and fixing the bass strings, the inner strings and the outer strings, the measurement is carried out by a vernier caliper, and the optimal resonance area is sunken inwards by 1.79 mm. Taking down the bridge, polishing with sand paper, feeding the bridge, measuring, and repeating the steps until the optimal resonance region is recessed by 1.45 mm. The sanding part is mainly the seat body and/or the bottom surface of the base and/or the top surfaces on two sides of the ridge.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a bridge that three-string two-stringed bowed instrument that is followed from two-stringed bowed instrument used, is the original bridge of joining in marriage of two-stringed bowed instrument and improves and obtain a bridge, includes base (8), passes through sound hole (9), cuboid spine (10) and goes up two parallel inside grooves (13) and outer groove (14), its characterized in that: an inclined sound post (11) is arranged on one side of the base (8), the sound post (11) is vertical to the inner groove (13) and the outer groove (14) in a different surface mode, and the inclination angle of the sound post (11) is such that the right arm of the bow moves backwards to enable the bow rod to rub the bass strings without touching the inner strings when rotating inwards by 30-40 degrees; the top end of the sound post (11) is provided with a bass groove (12), the bass groove (12) is parallel to the inner groove (13), the axis of the sound post (11) points to the center of the bottom surface of the bridge along a long line, and the errors between the projection of the bass strings raised by the sound post (11) on the plane where the inner strings and the outer strings are positioned and the distances between the inner strings and the outer strings are within +/-1 mm or equal to each other; and grinding the bridge to reduce weight until the depth of the inward recess of the optimal resonance area on the bridge pressing membrane is within 0.3mm of the error of the original bridge or the depth of the inward recess of the optimal resonance area is equal to the depth of the recess of the original bridge.

2. The bridge of claim 1, wherein: the projection of the bass string on the plane where the inner string and the outer string are located is equal to the distance between the inner string and the outer string.

3. The bridge of claim 1, wherein: the depth of the inward recess of the optimal resonance area on the bridge pressing film is equal to the depth of the original bridge.

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