CN216749054U - Resistor network and device for simulating lung respiration - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the disclosure discloses a resistance network and a device for simulating lung respiration. Wherein, the resistance network of simulation lung breathing includes: an electrical interface; the periphery of the fixed resistance network is electrically connected with the electric interface and is used for simulating at least one of thoracic cavity and interpulmonary tissues; and a variable resistive network electrically connected to and surrounded by the fixed resistive network for simulating lung parenchyma, thereby modeling at least one of thoracic and interpulmonary tissues and lung parenchyma separately, simulating lung breathing with a simple, efficient structure.

Description

Resistor network and device for simulating lung breathing

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of medical imaging, and in particular to a resistive network and apparatus for simulating lung breathing.

Background

The Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) technology is based on that different biological tissues have different Electrical Impedance characteristics, and the Electrical Impedance characteristics of the same tissue in different physiological and pathological states can also be imaged on different biophysical bases, so that the physiological and pathological states of the tissue can be reflected. The electrical impedance of the lung changes periodically along with the breathing process, so the electrical impedance imaging technology has good application prospect in exploring the lung function of the human body.

High precision data acquisition systems and reliable image reconstruction algorithms are key to lung EIT studies. In order to calibrate, calibrate data acquisition systems and optimize image reconstruction algorithms, accurate imaging models capable of simulating lung breathing states are required. Although the existing EIT imaging model can statically model the electrical impedance characteristics of the lungs, it cannot dynamically model the electrical impedance characteristics of the lungs during respiration to simulate continuous impedance changes of the lungs during respiration.

In addition to calibrating, scaling the data acquisition system and optimizing image reconstruction algorithms, dynamic modeling of pulmonary electrical impedance properties may also be used in a variety of other scenarios, such as clinical teaching, etc.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To solve the problems in the related art, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a resistor network and a device for simulating lung breathing.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a resistance network for simulating lung breathing, including:

an electrical interface;

a fixed resistive network having a periphery electrically connected to the electrical interface for simulating at least one of thoracic and interfulmonary tissues;

a variable resistive network electrically connected to and surrounded by the fixed resistive network for simulating lung parenchyma.

With reference to the first aspect, the present disclosure provides, in a first implementation form of the first aspect,

the fixed resistance network adopts a two-dimensional matrix structure; and/or

The variable resistance network adopts a two-dimensional matrix structure.

With reference to the first implementation manner of the first aspect, the present disclosure provides, in a second implementation manner of the first aspect,

the variable resistance network includes: a first variable resistance network, a second variable resistance network, the first variable resistance network and the second variable resistance network for simulating a left lung and a right lung; or

The variable resistance network is an integral first variable resistance network for simulating either the left or right lung.

With reference to the first implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third implementation manner of the first aspect,

at least 16 fixed resistors are adopted in the fixed resistor network; and/or

The impedance of the fixed resistor in the fixed resistor network is 1 ohm to 10 kilo ohms; and/or

At least 2 variable resistors are adopted in the variable resistor network; and/or

The impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistor network is 1 ohm to 100 kilo ohms.

With reference to the third implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth implementation manner of the first aspect,

136 fixed resistors are adopted in the fixed resistor network; and/or

The impedance of the fixed resistors in the fixed resistor network is 200 ohms; and/or

24 variable resistors are adopted in the variable resistor network; and/or

The impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistor network is 4.68 ohms to 1.2 kilo-ohms.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a device for simulating lung breathing, including:

a resistive network simulating a lung, comprising:

an electrical interface;

a fixed resistive network, the periphery of which is electrically connected with the electrical interface, for simulating at least one of thoracic cavity and interpulmonary tissue;

the variable resistance network is electrically connected with the fixed resistance network, is surrounded by the fixed resistance network and is used for simulating the respiration of the lung;

and the control module is electrically connected with the variable resistance network and used for controlling the impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistance network.

With reference to the second aspect, the present disclosure provides, in a first implementation form of the second aspect,

the impedance of the variable resistor is determined by the maximum loading value of the variable resistor, the minimum loading value of the variable resistor, the change period of the impedance and a linear adjustment coefficient.

With reference to the first implementation manner of the second aspect, in a second implementation manner of the second aspect,

the impedance of the variable resistor is determined by the loading value of the variable resistor,

where i is the discrete time index, R (i) is the variable resistance loading value at time i, R (i-1) is the variable resistance loading value at time i-1, Rmin is the minimum loading value of the variable resistance, Rmax is the maximum loading value of the variable resistance, n is the period of change in impedance, and K is the linear adjustment coefficient.

With reference to the first implementation manner of the second aspect, in a third implementation manner of the second aspect,

the linear adjustment coefficient is positive at inspiration and negative at expiration.

With reference to the second aspect, the present disclosure, in a fourth implementation form of the second aspect,

the respiratory cycle of the device for simulating lung breathing comprises: inspiratory time period, expiratory time period, apnea time period.

With reference to the second aspect, in a fifth implementation manner of the second aspect, the present disclosure further includes:

and the mode selection module is electrically connected with the control module and is used for detecting the input operation of the user and setting the mode of the device for simulating the lung respiration based on the input operation of the user.

With reference to the fifth implementation manner of the second aspect, in a sixth implementation manner of the second aspect,

the mode of the device for simulating lung breathing comprises at least one of the following:

working mode, pause mode, and updating the breathing cycle.

With reference to the fifth implementation manner of the second aspect, in a seventh implementation manner of the second aspect, the present disclosure further includes:

and the indicating module is electrically connected with the control module and is used for indicating the state of the device for simulating the lung breathing.

With reference to the seventh implementation manner of the second aspect, in an eighth implementation manner of the second aspect,

the state of the device simulating pulmonary respiration comprises:

working state, pause state; and/or

A voltage of the electrical interface; and/or

Respiratory electrical impedance images of the lungs.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can have the following beneficial effects:

according to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the resistance network for simulating lung breathing comprises: an electrical interface; the periphery of the fixed resistance network is electrically connected with the electric interface and is used for simulating at least one of thoracic cavity and interpulmonary tissues; and a variable resistive network electrically connected to and surrounded by the fixed resistive network for simulating lung parenchyma, thereby modeling at least one of thoracic and interpulmonary tissues and the lung parenchyma, respectively, and simulating lung breathing with a simple and efficient structure.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.

Drawings

Other features, objects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a resistor network simulating lung breathing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2a shows an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for simulating lung breathing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2b shows a block diagram of an exemplary configuration of an apparatus for simulating lung breathing according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2c shows a block diagram of an exemplary configuration of an apparatus for simulating lung breathing according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary schematic diagram of a breathing cycle profile according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary schematic of a respiratory electrical impedance image over one respiratory cycle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement them. Also, for the sake of clarity, parts not relevant to the description of the exemplary embodiments are omitted in the drawings.

In the present disclosure, it is to be understood that terms such as "including" or "having," etc., are intended to indicate the presence of labels, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof disclosed in the present specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more other labels, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof are present or added.

It should be further noted that the embodiments and labels in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

The Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) technology is based on that different biological tissues have different Electrical Impedance characteristics, and the Electrical Impedance characteristics of the same tissue in different physiological and pathological states can also be imaged on different biophysical bases, so that the physiological and pathological states of the tissue can be reflected. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the data acquisition system and the image reconstruction algorithm of the EIT, a corresponding EIT imaging model needs to be constructed. In the existing EIT imaging model, static modeling can be carried out on the electrical impedance characteristics of the lung, but dynamic modeling cannot be carried out on the electrical impedance characteristics of the lung in the breathing process, and continuous impedance changes of the lung in the breathing process are simulated.

To address the above issues, the present disclosure proposes a resistor network and apparatus that simulates lung breathing.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a resistor network simulating lung breathing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that fig. 1 illustrates a resistive network that simulates lung breathing, and is not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 1, a resistive network 100 for simulating lung breathing includes: an electrical interface 101, a fixed resistive network 102, a first variable resistive network 1031, a second variable resistive network 1032. The first variable resistance network 1031 and the second variable resistance network 1032 together constitute a variable resistance network 103, and the number 103 is not shown in fig. 1.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, shown in fig. 1, there are 16 electrical interfaces for sensing the external voltage of the resistive network simulating lung breathing. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the number of electrical interfaces may be set to other numbers as desired, such as 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

The periphery of the fixed resistive network 102 is electrically connected to the electrical interface 101 for simulating at least one of thoracic and interpulmonary tissues with substantially constant electrical impedance during respiration. The tissues between the lungs may include connective tissue, lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers, blood vessels, and the like. As shown in fig. 1, an electrical interface 101 is connected at regular intervals around a fixed resistor network 102.

The fixed resistor network 102 may connect the fixed resistors in a two-dimensional matrix configuration. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fixed resistors have an impedance of 1 ohm to 10 kilo-ohms, such as 200 ohms, and the fixed resistor network 102 includes at least 16 fixed resistors, such as 136 fixed resistors.

The variable resistive network 103 is electrically connected to the fixed resistive network 102 and is surrounded by the fixed resistive network 102 for simulating the lung parenchyma. The lung parenchyma includes the trachea, bronchi and alveoli at all levels within the lung, and the electrical impedance changes significantly during respiration.

The variable resistor network 103 may connect the variable resistors in a two-dimensional matrix configuration. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the impedance of the variable resistor is 1 ohm to 100 kohms, such as 4.68 ohm to 1.2 kohms, and the variable resistor network 103 includes at least 2 variable resistors, such as 24 variable resistors. The variable resistor network 103 may be embodied by AD8403 chips from Analog Devices, inc, each AD8403 chip having a 4-channel variable resistor.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first variable resistive network 1031 may be used to simulate the left lung and the second variable resistive network 1032 may be used to simulate the right lung.

It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the first variable resistive network 1031 may also be used to simulate the right lung and the second variable resistive network 1032 used to simulate the left lung. Through the correspondence relationship between the first variable resistor network 1031, the second variable resistor network 1032 and the left lung and the right lung, the front face EIT imaging and the back face EIT imaging of the human lung can be simulated.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the variable resistance network 103 may also be an integral first variable resistance network, rather than being divided into the first and second variable resistance networks 1031, 1032, for simplified simulation of one lung side, such as the left or right lung, or for simulation of the other lung side after a unilateral lung resection surgery, etc.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the impedance of the fixed resistor may be other than 200 ohms, or other impedance values than 1 ohm to 10 kohms, the fixed resistor network 102 may include other numbers of fixed resistors, the impedance of the variable resistor may be other than 4.68 ohms to 1.2 kohms, or other organizations than 1 ohm to 100 kohms, the variable resistor network 103 may include other numbers of variable resistors, and the variable resistor network 103 may be implemented by other chips or circuits, which is not limited by the disclosure.

FIG. 2a shows an exemplary block diagram of a device for simulating lung breathing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that fig. 2a illustrates an apparatus for simulating lung breathing without limiting the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 2a, the apparatus 210 for simulating lung breathing includes the same resistor network 100 for simulating lung breathing as in fig. 1, a control module 201, and a power supply module 202.

The control module can be realized by using devices with calculation and logic control functions such as an ARM microcontroller, a CPU, an FPGA and the like, and can also be realized by using other device modes, which is not limited by the disclosure.

The power module 202 is electrically connected with the resistor network 100 and the control module 201, and supplies power to the resistor network 100 and the control module 201.

The control module 201 is electrically connected to the variable resistance network 103 by means of, for example, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and controls the impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistance network 103. The control module 201 is electrically connected to the electrical interface 101 by, for example, an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), and acquires a voltage value of the electrical interface 101.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the control module 201 and the variable resistance network 103 and the electrical interface 101 may be connected in other ways, and the disclosure is not limited thereto.

The control module 201 controls the loading values r (i) of the variable resistors in the variable resistor network 103 in the following manner,

where i is the discrete time index, R (i) is the variable resistance loading value at time i, R (i-1) is the loading value at time i-1, Rmin is the minimum loading value, Rmax is the maximum loading value, n is the impedance change period, which may be the number of points in the inspiratory time period or the expiratory time period, and K is the linear adjustment coefficient.

K may be a constant, e.g., 1; it may also vary with the loading value of the variable resistor r (i), for example the absolute value of K increases with increasing r (i). K may adjust the amplitude of, for example, simulated lung breathing.

The resistance of the variable resistor is determined by the variable resistor loading value R (i) at time i. For example, the impedance of the variable resistor varies linearly with the loading value r (i) of the variable resistor, e.g., for a digital variable resistor with 256 taps, the impedance increases by 4.68 ohms for each 1 increase in loading value.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, if the variable resistance loading value R (i) varies linearly with the time i, i.e. R (i) -R (i-1) are constant, the voltage disturbance to the electrical interface 101 may be greatly different. For example, since the minimum step of the change of the impedance of the variable resistor is 4.68 ohms, when the impedance is 4.68 ohms, the impedance increased by 4.68 ohms will increase by 1 time of the divided voltage; when the resistance of the variable resistor is 1K ohm, the resistance value is increased by 4.68 ohm, and the divided voltage is increased by only 5%. In both cases, the perturbations to the voltage of the electrical interface 101 differ by a factor of 20.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the linear adjustment coefficient K is positive when inhaling, and negative when exhaling, so as to simulate the real change of the electrical impedance of the lung during respiration. Further, with the above formula, the disturbance of the voltage of the electrical interface 101 can be improved when the impedance of the variable resistor is high under the effect of the time variable i.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the loading values of all the variable resistors of the variable resistor network 103 may be the same at the same time i.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a breathing cycle of a device simulating pulmonary breathing may include: inspiratory time period, expiratory time period, apnea time period. For example, the breathing cycle is set to 4.25 seconds, the inspiration period is 1.85 seconds, and the expiration period is 2.4 seconds. In order to simulate the pause of the human body at the end of breath more truly, 0.25 second at the end of the expiration time period is set as the apnea time period.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the breathing cycle, inhalation period, exhalation period, and apnea period may be set to other values, and the disclosure is not limited thereto.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, using the apparatus 210 for simulating lung breathing shown in fig. 2a, the control module 201 may automatically and periodically control the impedance change of the variable resistor and detect the voltage change of the electrical interface 101, thereby simulating the breathing process of the lung.

Fig. 2b shows an exemplary block diagram of a device for simulating lung breathing according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.

It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that fig. 2b illustrates an apparatus for simulating lung breathing without limiting the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 2b, the apparatus 220 for simulating lung breathing includes a mode selection module 203 in addition to the same resistor network 100 for simulating lung breathing, the control module 201, and the power module 202 as in fig. 2 a.

The power module 202 may be electrically coupled to the mode selection module 203 to provide power to the mode selection module 203. The control module 201 may be electrically connected to the mode selection module 203 via the SPI, and receive user inputs from the mode selection module 203, such as: working mode, pause mode, and updating the breathing cycle. Through the mode selection module 203, the user can flexibly control the device 220 for simulating lung breathing.

The user input of the working mode and the pause mode can be realized by using keys, for example, the working mode is realized when the key is pressed for the first time, and the pause mode is realized when the key is pressed for the second time.

The user input for updating the breathing cycle can be realized by adding a key and subtracting the key.

The user input of the operation mode, the pause mode, and the update breathing cycle may also be implemented by a graphical user interface, or other means, which is not limited by the present disclosure.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the control module 201 can be electrically connected to the mode selection module 203 by other means such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB), and the like, and the disclosure is not limited thereto. While the control module 201 may provide power to the mode selection module 203, the electrical connection between the power module 202 and the mode selection module 203 may be omitted.

FIG. 2c shows a block diagram of an exemplary configuration of an apparatus for simulating lung breathing according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that fig. 2c illustrates an apparatus for simulating lung breathing without limiting the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 2c, the apparatus for simulating lung breathing 230 includes an indication module 204 in addition to the same resistor network 100 for simulating lung breathing, the control module 201, the power module 202, and the mode selection module 203 as in fig. 2 b.

The control module 201 may be electrically connected to the indication module 204 through SPI, USB, etc., and the power module 202 may supply power to the indication module 204. In the condition that the control module 201 can supply power to the indication module 204, the electrical connection between the control module 201 and the indication module 204 in fig. 2c can be omitted.

The indication module 204 may include a light emitting diode, an 8-segment light emitting diode, a graphical display interface, and the like.

The indication module 204 may display the working status and the pause status of the device 230 simulating lung breathing through leds, and may display the breathing cycle value in a digital manner through an 8-segment led. The indication module 204 may also display a breathing cycle curve, such as shown in fig. 3, and/or a breathing electrical impedance image, such as shown in fig. 4, using a graphical display interface. The indication module 204 may also use a graphical display interface to comprehensively display the operating state, the pause state, the respiration period value, the respiration period curve, and the respiration electrical impedance image, which is not limited in this disclosure.

Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of a breathing cycle profile according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that fig. 3 illustrates a breathing cycle curve, and is not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 3, the breathing cycle profile 300 includes: the inhalation part 301, the exhalation part 302, and the end of the exhalation part 302 are the apnea part 303.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the breathing cycle curve 300 may be derived from the voltage of the electrical interface 101.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary schematic of a respiratory electrical impedance image over one respiratory cycle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that fig. 4 illustrates a respiratory electrical impedance image over one respiratory cycle, without limiting the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 4, in each frame of the respiratory electrical impedance image, the frame with the larger brightness indicates the larger air volume of the lung at this time. The electrical impedance images of respiration can be obtained by performing EIT reconstruction on the voltage of the electrical interface 101, for example, by using the GREIT algorithm, which is a method commonly used in the field of electrical impedance imaging.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, the GREIT algorithm and the display of the respiratory electrical impedance images may be implemented in an upper computer.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, a resistive network 100 for simulating lung breathing includes: an electrical interface 101, a fixed resistive network 102, a first variable resistive network 1031, a second variable resistive network 1032. The first variable resistance network 1031 and the second variable resistance network 1032 together constitute the variable resistance network 103. The number 103 is not shown in fig. 1. The periphery of the fixed resistive network 102 is electrically connected to the electrical interface 101, and the variable resistive network 103 is surrounded by the fixed resistive network 102.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by a resistor network simulating lung breathing, comprising: an electrical interface; the periphery of the fixed resistance network is electrically connected with the electric interface and is used for simulating at least one of thoracic cavity and interpulmonary tissues; and a variable resistive network electrically connected to and surrounded by the fixed resistive network for simulating lung parenchyma, thereby modeling at least one of thoracic and interpulmonary tissues and lung parenchyma separately, simulating lung breathing with a simple, efficient structure.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the fixed resistor network 102 and the variable resistor network 103 adopt a two-dimensional matrix structure.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a two-dimensional matrix structure is adopted by a fixed resistance network; and/or the variable resistance network adopts a two-dimensional matrix structure, so that the lung respiration is simply and accurately modeled.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the variable resistor network 103 may be only the first variable resistor network as a whole, rather than being divided into the first variable resistor network 1031 and the second variable resistor network 1032, for simplified simulation of a lung on one side, such as the left or right lung, or for simulation of a lung on the other side after a unilateral lung resection surgery, etc.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a variable resistance network includes: the first variable resistance network, the second variable resistance network, the first variable resistance network and the second variable resistance network are used for simulating the left lung and the right lung; or the variable resistance network is an integral first variable resistance network for simulating the left or right lung for accurate modeling of the breathing lungs.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, at least 16 fixed resistors, e.g., 136 fixed resistors, are employed in the fixed resistor network 102, and at least 2 variable resistors, e.g., 24 variable resistors, are employed in the variable resistor network 103. The impedance of the fixed resistors in the fixed resistor network is 1 ohm to 10 kilo-ohms, e.g., 200 ohms, and the impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistor network is 1 ohm to 100 kilo-ohms, e.g., 4.68 ohms to 1.2 kilo-ohms.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least 2 fixed resistors are employed in a fixed resistor network; and/or the impedance of the fixed resistors in the fixed resistor network is 1 ohm to 10 kilo-ohms; and/or at least 2 variable resistors are adopted in the variable resistance network; and/or the impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistor network is 1 ohm to 100 kilo ohms, thereby accurately characterizing the impedance values of the thoracic cavity, the interpulmonary tissue, and the lung parenchyma in breathing.

According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, 136 fixed resistors are adopted in the fixed resistor network; and/or the impedance of the fixed resistors in the fixed resistor network is 200 ohms; and/or 24 variable resistors are adopted in the variable resistor network; and/or the impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistor network is 4.68 ohms to 1.2 kiloohms, thereby accurately characterizing the impedance values of the thoracic cavity, the interpulmonary tissue, and the lung parenchyma in respiration.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2a, the apparatus 210 for simulating lung breathing includes the same resistor network 100 for simulating lung breathing as in fig. 1, a control module 201, and a power supply module 202.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by a device for simulating lung breathing, comprising: a resistive network simulating a lung, comprising: an electrical interface; the periphery of the fixed resistance network is electrically connected with the electrical interface and is used for simulating at least one of thoracic cavity and interpulmonary tissues; the variable resistance network is electrically connected with the fixed resistance network, is surrounded by the fixed resistance network and is used for simulating the respiration of the lung; and the control module is electrically connected with the variable resistance network and used for controlling the impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistance network, so that the impedance of the variable resistors is automatically adjusted to simulate the respiratory process of the lung.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the control module 201 controls the loading values of the variable resistors in the variable resistor network 103 in the following manner

Where i is the discrete time index, R (i) is the variable resistance loading value at time i, R (i-1) is the loading value at time i-1, Rmin is the minimum loading value, Rmax is the maximum loading value, n is the impedance change period, which may be the number of points in the inspiratory time period or the expiratory time period, and K is the linear adjustment coefficient. The resistance of the variable resistor is determined by the variable resistor loading value R (i) at time i. For example, the impedance of the variable resistor varies linearly with the variable resistor loading value r (i).

According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the impedance of the variable resistor is determined by the maximum loading value of the variable resistor, the change period of the impedance and the linear adjustment coefficient, so that the impedance of the variable resistor is flexibly controlled, and the impedance change in the lung breathing process is accurately simulated.

According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the impedance through the variable resistor is determined by the loading value of the variable resistor,

wherein i is a discrete time index, R (i) is a variable resistance loading value at the moment i, R (i-1) is a variable resistance loading value at the moment i-1, Rmin is a minimum loading value of a variable resistance, Rmax is a maximum loading value of the variable resistance, n is an impedance change period, and K is a linear adjustment coefficient, thereby accurately simulating the real change of the electrical impedance of the lung in the respiratory process.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the linear adjustment coefficient K at the time of inhalation is a positive number, and the linear adjustment coefficient K at the time of exhalation is a negative number.

According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the real change of the electrical impedance of the lung in the breathing process is accurately simulated by the linear adjusting coefficient which is positive in inspiration and negative in expiration.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the breathing cycle of the device simulating pulmonary breathing may include: inspiratory time period, expiratory time period, apnea time period. The apnea time period can simulate the pause of the human body at the end of breath more truly. For example, the breathing cycle is set to 4.25 seconds, the inspiration period is 1.85 seconds, the expiration period is 2.4 seconds, and the apnea period at the end of the expiration period is 0.25 seconds.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a breathing cycle by a device simulating pulmonary breathing includes: the breathing process of the lung can be simulated more truly by the inspiration time period, the expiration time period and the apnea time period.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2b, the apparatus 220 for simulating lung breathing includes a mode selection module 203 in addition to the same resistor network 100 for simulating lung breathing as in fig. 2a, a control module 201, a power module 202. The control module 201 may be electrically connected to the mode selection module 203 via the SPI, receive user input from the mode selection module 203, and set the mode of the device 220 that simulates lung breathing, for example: working mode, pause mode, and updating the breathing cycle.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by further comprising: and the mode selection module is electrically connected with the control module and is used for detecting the input operation of the user and setting the mode of the device for simulating the lung breathing based on the input operation of the user, so that the device for simulating the lung breathing is manually and flexibly controlled.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the mode of the apparatus by simulating lung breathing comprises at least one of: the work mode, pause mode, update the breathing cycle, thus carry on the flexible control to the apparatus which simulates the breathing of lung.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2c, the apparatus 230 for simulating lung breathing includes an indication module 204 in addition to the same resistor network 100 for simulating lung breathing, the control module 201, the power module 202, and the mode selection module 203 as in fig. 2 b.

The indication module 204 may include a light emitting diode, an 8-segment light emitting diode, a graphical display interface, and the like.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, by further comprising: and the indicating module is electrically connected with the control module and is used for indicating the state of the device for simulating the lung breathing so as to visually display the state of the device for simulating the lung breathing.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the state of the apparatus simulating pulmonary respiration may include: the working state and the pause state are displayed by a light emitting diode. The state of the device simulating pulmonary respiration may also include the voltage of the electrical interface, represented by a breathing cycle curve such as that shown in fig. 3. The state of the device simulating pulmonary respiration may also include a respiratory electrical impedance image as shown in fig. 4.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the state of the apparatus by simulating lung breathing comprises: working state, pause state; and/or the voltage of the electrical interface; and/or electrical impedance images of the breathing of the lungs, thereby comprehensively and visually characterizing the state of the device simulating breathing of the lungs.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowcharts or block diagrams may represent a module, a program segment, or a portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

The units or modules described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by software or hardware. The units or modules described may also be provided in a processor, and the names of the units or modules do not in some cases constitute a limitation on the units or modules themselves.

The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the disclosure and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments formed by any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the above features and (but not limited to) the features disclosed in this disclosure having similar functions are replaced with each other to form the technical solution.

Claims (8)

1. A resistor network for simulating lung breathing, comprising:

an electrical interface;

a fixed resistive network, a periphery of the fixed resistive network being electrically connected to the electrical interface for simulating at least one of thoracic and interpulmonary tissues;

a variable resistive network electrically connected to and surrounded by the fixed resistive network for simulating lung parenchyma.

2. The resistive network of claim 1,

the fixed resistance network adopts a two-dimensional matrix structure; and/or

The variable resistance network adopts a two-dimensional matrix structure.

3. The resistive network of claim 2,

the variable resistance network includes: a first variable resistance network, a second variable resistance network, the first variable resistance network and the second variable resistance network for simulating a left lung and a right lung; or

The variable resistance network is an integral first variable resistance network for simulating either the left or right lung.

4. The resistive network of claim 2,

at least 16 fixed resistors are adopted in the fixed resistor network; and/or

The impedance of the fixed resistor in the fixed resistor network is 1 ohm to 10 kilo ohms; and/or

At least 2 variable resistors are adopted in the variable resistor network; and/or

The impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistor network is 1 ohm to 100 kilo ohms.

5. The resistive network of claim 4,

136 fixed resistors are adopted in the fixed resistor network; and/or

The impedance of the fixed resistors in the fixed resistor network is 200 ohms; and/or

24 variable resistors are adopted in the variable resistor network; and/or

The impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistor network is 4.68 ohms to 1.2 kilo-ohms.

6. An apparatus for simulating pulmonary respiration, comprising:

a resistive network simulating a lung, comprising:

an electrical interface;

a fixed resistive network, a periphery of the fixed resistive network being electrically connected to the electrical interface for simulating at least one of thoracic cavity, and interpulmonary tissue;

the variable resistance network is electrically connected with the fixed resistance network, is surrounded by the fixed resistance network and is used for simulating the breathing of the lung;

and the control module is electrically connected with the variable resistance network and used for controlling the impedance of the variable resistors in the variable resistance network.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising:

and the mode selection module is electrically connected with the control module and is used for detecting the input operation of the user and setting the mode of the device for simulating the lung respiration based on the input operation of the user.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:

and the indicating module is electrically connected with the control module and is used for indicating the state of the device for simulating the lung breathing.

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