CN216746528U - Rock mass stress testing device - Google Patents
Rock mass stress testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN216746528U CN216746528U CN202220244070.1U CN202220244070U CN216746528U CN 216746528 U CN216746528 U CN 216746528U CN 202220244070 U CN202220244070 U CN 202220244070U CN 216746528 U CN216746528 U CN 216746528U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a rock mass stress testing device, which is used for testing the stress of a rock mass and comprises: the test probe comprises a tension-compression type sensor and a liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity arranged on a compression surface of the tension-compression type sensor; the data acquisition device is connected with the tension-compression type sensor and is used for acquiring the stress at a test point; the expansion direction of the hydraulic pillow cavity is consistent with the compression direction of the tension-compression type sensor. The utility model has the advantages that the design of the hydraulic pillow cavity can balance the initial stress at the installation position, the design of the tension-compression type sensor can obtain the stress of the test point, the assembly of the test device is convenient, and the test method is simple and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of stress testing equipment. More particularly, the present invention relates to a rock mass stress testing apparatus for a rock mass.
Background
The research on the pressure distribution rule is a basic research work in coal mining or other geological engineering, the coal mining working face and the coal pillar supporting pressure distribution rule are foundations for researching the development of the mine pressure, and the supporting pressure distribution rule has important engineering application values on a working face supporting mode, the determination of the excavation positions and time of adjacent roadways, the prediction of the ground surface subsidence range and the prevention of dynamic disaster accidents (gas accidents, rock burst, floor water inrush and the like). Four methods are generally used for researching the distribution rule of rock mass bearing stress, namely theoretical analysis, similarity test, numerical simulation and field test, wherein the field test data is visual and is widely applied to coal mines.
The distribution rule of rock mass bearing stress is influenced by various factors such as original rock stress, burial depth, overburden movement and the like, and three mutually vertical stress sigma in the rock mass in engineering application1、σ2、σ3Where σ is1Vertical coal bed, sigma2、σ3In the same horizontal plane, σ2Parallel to the direction of coal recovery, σ3And (3) a vertical roadway coal side as shown in figure 1.
According to rock mechanics and elastoplasticity mechanics analysis, after a borehole is constructed on a rock mass, rock mass stress around the borehole is released, so that the stress is redistributed until new balance is achieved, and when the stress testing device is installed in the borehole, the stress testing device is required to be capable of balancing initial stress. At present, deformation, strain gauges and other monitoring instruments commonly used in coal mines, such as a hollow bag body and a USBM (universal serial bus) deformer, and various elastic detection instruments such as a vibrating wire stress meter, a photoelastic stress meter and an elastic hollow stress meter cannot well balance initial stress, a liquid-filled expansion pillow type borehole stress meter can apply certain initial stress and can well balance the initial stress in a testing direction, but the liquid-filled expansion pillow type borehole stress meter is a unidirectional relative stress monitoring instrument and is difficult to realize stress measurement.
The research on the time-space sequence distribution curve of the rock stress has important significance on the safety of coal mining, so that a testing device for testing the rock stress is urgently needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide a rock mass stress testing apparatus, which comprises a liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity, a tension-compression type sensor and a data acquisition device, wherein the liquid is filled into the hydraulic pillow cavity when in use, the hydraulic pillow cavity expands to urge the testing probe to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the borehole, the hydraulic pillow cavity applies an initial force to the inner wall of the borehole to balance the initial stress of the rock mass around the borehole, and the data acquisition device is observed after the stress reaches a new balance to acquire the stress at the location.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the utility model, there is provided a rock mass stress testing apparatus comprising:
the test probe comprises a tension-compression type sensor and a liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity arranged on a compression surface of the tension-compression type sensor;
the data acquisition device is connected with the tension-compression type sensor and is used for acquiring the stress at a test point;
the expansion direction of the hydraulic pillow cavity is consistent with the compression direction of the tension-compression type sensor.
Preferably, the tension-compression type sensor is one of a strain type, an optical fiber type, and a vibrating wire type.
Preferably, the tension-compression type sensor comprises a vertical cylindrical elastic body, a first resistance strain gauge and a first cable, wherein the first resistance strain gauge is bonded to the middle part of the side wall of the cylindrical elastic body along the direction of the stress to be measured, one end of the first cable is connected with the first resistance strain gauge, and the other end of the first cable is connected with the data acquisition device;
the clamping device comprises a first clamping piece, an upper end cover and a first lower end cover which are oppositely arranged from top to bottom, wherein the surfaces of the upper end cover and the first lower end cover, which are deviated from each other, are all ridged outwards to form a convex arc body, and the hydraulic pillow cavity and the cylindrical elastic body are sequentially arranged between the upper end cover and the first lower end cover from top to bottom; the upper end cover, the hydraulic pillow cavity, the cylindrical elastic body and the first lower end cover form a first test probe, and the first clamping piece is arranged on the first test probe and used for clamping the first test probe.
Preferably, the first clamping piece comprises a plurality of groups of clamping pieces, each clamping piece corresponds to one end of the upper end cover and the end of the same side of the first lower end cover, each clamping piece comprises a bolt, a nut, a first supporting sleeve and a second supporting sleeve, through holes are formed in the end of the same side of the upper end cover and the first lower end cover, the bolts penetrate through the through holes, the nuts are screwed at the bottoms of the bolts, the first supporting sleeves are sleeved on the bolts above the upper end cover, and the second supporting sleeves are sleeved on the bolts below the first lower end cover.
Preferably, the hydraulic cushion further comprises a transition cover plate, wherein the transition cover plate is located between the cylindrical elastic body and the hydraulic cushion cavity.
Preferably, the first support sleeve and the second support sleeve are made of plastics.
Preferably, the tension-compression type sensor comprises a square beam-shaped elastic body, a second resistance strain gauge and a second cable, wherein the square beam-shaped elastic body, the second resistance strain gauge and the second cable are horizontally arranged, the second resistance strain gauge is bonded to the middle of the side wall of the square beam-shaped elastic body along the direction of the stress to be measured, one end of the second cable is connected with the second resistance strain gauge, and the other end of the second cable is connected with the data acquisition device;
the clamping device also comprises a second lower end cover and a second clamping piece; the bottom of the square beam-shaped elastic body is provided with the hydraulic pillow cavity, the bottom of the hydraulic pillow cavity is provided with the second lower end cover, and the surfaces of the second lower end cover, which are far away from the square beam-shaped elastic body, are all ridged outwards to form an outward-convex arc body; the square beam-shaped elastic body, the hydraulic pillow cavity and the second lower end cover form a second test probe, and the second clamping piece is arranged on the second test probe and used for clamping the second test probe.
Preferably, the second clamping member is a tie, and the tie is tied to the second measuring probe.
The utility model at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the utility model provides a rock mass stress testing device, which comprises a testing probe consisting of a liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity and a tension-compression type sensor, wherein the testing probe is matched with a data acquisition device, when the testing probe is used, the hydraulic pillow cavity is filled with liquid to expand the hydraulic pillow cavity, so that the testing probe is close to the inner wall of a drill hole until the testing probe is tightly attached to the inner wall of the drill hole; the design of the hydraulic pillow cavity on the whole can balance the initial stress at the installation position, the design of the tension and compression type sensor can obtain the stress of the test point, the test device is convenient to assemble, and the test method is simple and reliable.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the utility model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the stress σ in the rock mass1、σ2、σ3The distribution and the construction schematic diagram of the test drill hole;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the rock mass stress testing device according to one embodiment of the present invention, which is installed in a borehole and is not filled with liquid;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the rock mass stress testing device according to one of the technical solutions of the present invention, which is installed in a borehole and when the liquid filling is completed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the test probe according to one embodiment of the present invention when the test probe is not filled with liquid;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the test probe according to one embodiment of the present invention after the liquid filling process is completed;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a technical solution of the present invention in which the test probe measures a stress σ1A schematic structural diagram when no liquid is filled;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a technical solution of the present invention in which the test probe measures a stress σ1A schematic structural diagram when the liquid is filled;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a technical solution of the present invention in which the test probe measures a stress σ2A schematic structural diagram when no liquid is filled;
FIG. 9 shows that the test probe according to one embodiment of the present invention measures the stress σ2A schematic structural diagram when the liquid is filled;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid injection device connected to the hydraulic pillow cavity in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a pull-press type sensor with a cylindrical elastic body according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock mass stress testing device with a square beam-shaped elastic body according to one embodiment of the utility model;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a test probe with a square beam-shaped elastomer according to one embodiment of the present invention without liquid;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a test probe with a square beam-shaped elastomer according to one embodiment of the present invention after filling;
reference numerals: 1, drilling; 2-rock mass; 3-upper end cover; 4-a first lower end cap; 5-a pull-press type sensor; 51-a first pull-press sensor; 511-cylindrical elastomer; 512-a first protective cover plate; 513 — a first screw; 514-a first watertight joint; 521-square beam-shaped elastic bodies; 522-a second protective cover plate; 523-second screw; 524-a second watertight joint; 525-a second resistance strain gauge; 6-hydraulic pillow cavity; 7-bolt; 8-a first support sleeve; 9-a nut; 10-a second support sleeve; 11-a cable; 12-an oil pipe; 13-a data acquisition device; 14-a data display device; 15-a pressure sensor; 16-a valve body; 17-a stop valve; 18-oil injection port; 19-protecting the end cap; 20-vertically drilling; 21-horizontal drilling; 22-deflecting the borehole; 23-a transition cover plate; 25-second lower end cap.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the utility model by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
As shown in fig. 1 to 14, the present invention provides a rock mass stress testing device, comprising:
the test probe comprises a tension-compression type sensor and a liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity arranged on a compression surface of the tension-compression type sensor;
the data acquisition device is connected with the tension-compression type sensor and is used for acquiring the stress at a test point;
the expansion direction of the hydraulic pillow cavity is consistent with the compression direction of the tension-compression type sensor;
in the technical scheme, a drill hole 1 for testing is constructed on a rock body 2, and a testing probe is installed in the drill hole 1; the manufacturing material of the liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity 6 can be metal or rubber, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 of a liquid-filled hydraulic pillow type stress meter in the prior art can be used, and a liquid filling port is arranged on the hydraulic pillow cavity 6; the tension-compression type sensor 5 is a product structure well known to those skilled in the art, and may be one of a plurality of tension-compression type sensors 5 such as a strain gauge type sensor, an optical fiber type sensor, a vibrating wire type sensor and the like; the expansion direction of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is consistent with the force measuring direction of the tension-compression type sensor 5, and the expansion direction is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the stress to be tested when the device is used;
the data acquisition device 13 is connected with the pull-press type sensor 5 through a cable 11 or wirelessly connected with the pull-press type sensor 5, the data acquisition device 13 is a product well known to those skilled in the art, and displays a pressure value tested by the pull-press type sensor 5 in real time, and the value is the stress of the test point; when the stress monitoring device is used, the data acquisition device 13 is positioned outside the drill hole 1, so that the observation of constructors is facilitated, the stress of the test point is monitored in real time, and the data acquisition device 13 can be uploaded to a data center in a wired or wireless mode to analyze stress data;
in the technical scheme, in the using process, the force measuring direction (namely the force bearing direction) of the tension-compression type sensor 5 is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the stress to be tested; the initial pressure value of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is set, and the setting principle of the initial pressure value is as follows: after the test probe is fully contacted with the drill hole 1, a force can be continuously applied to the inner wall of the drill hole 1 to promote the rock mass 2 around the drill hole 1 to be stressed to achieve new stress balance, for example, the height of the expansion of a hydraulic pillow cavity required when the test probe is attached to the drill hole is preliminarily calculated through the size of the drill hole 1 and the size of the test probe, then the force required to be applied when the test probe is just contacted with the inner wall of the drill hole 1 can be preliminarily calculated to be A according to a calculation formula rho gh, and then the force for filling and pressurizing can be set to be 1.0A-1.3A; filling liquid into the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, pressurizing, filling liquid into the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, expanding, observing the data acquisition device 13, stopping filling liquid when an initial pressure value is reached, wherein the surface of the hydraulic pillow cavity, which is far away from the tension-compression type sensor, is in full and close contact with the inner wall of the corresponding drill hole 1, observing the data acquisition device 13, and monitoring the stress at the position in real time by the data acquisition device 13 after the numerical value of the data acquisition device 13 is stable;
by adopting the technical scheme, the beneficial effects are that the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the pull-press type sensor 5 and the data acquisition device 13 are arranged in a liquid filling expansion type manner, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 provides an initial force, the initial stress of the rock mass 2 around the drill hole 1 can be balanced at the installation position, the pull-press type sensor 5 tests the stress of the test point, the data acquisition device 13 visually reads the stress value, the real-time monitoring of constructors is facilitated, the test device is convenient to assemble, and the test method is simple and reliable.
In another technical solution, the tension-compression sensor 5 is one of a strain type, an optical fiber type and a vibrating wire type; by adopting the technical scheme, the strain type tension-compression sensor, the optical fiber type tension-compression sensor or the vibrating wire type tension-compression sensor has the beneficial effects that the stress is more accurately tested and is easy to obtain.
In another technical solution, the tension-compression type sensor includes a vertical cylindrical elastic body 511, a first resistance strain gauge (not shown in the figure), and a first cable, wherein the first resistance strain gauge is bonded to the middle of the side wall of the cylindrical elastic body 511 along the direction of the stress to be measured, one end of the first cable is connected with the first resistance strain gauge, and the other end of the first cable is connected with the data acquisition device;
the clamping device further comprises a first clamping piece, an upper end cover 3 and a first lower end cover 4 which are oppositely arranged from top to bottom, wherein the surfaces, departing from the upper end cover 3 and the first lower end cover 4, of the upper end cover 3 and the first lower end cover 4 are both raised outwards to form a convex arc body, and the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and the cylindrical elastic body 511 are sequentially arranged between the upper end cover 3 and the first lower end cover 4 from top to bottom; the upper end cover 3, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the cylindrical elastic body 511 and the first lower end cover 4 form a first test probe, and the first clamping piece is arranged on the first test probe and used for clamping the first test probe;
in the above technical solution, the sensor is a first pull-press type sensor 51; the testing probe is formed by sequentially arranging an upper end cover 3, a hydraulic pillow cavity 6, a cylindrical elastic body 511 and a first lower end cover 4 from top to bottom, the testing probe is a first testing probe, and a first clamping piece is arranged on the first testing probe and used for clamping the first testing probe, so that the testing probe is conveniently installed in a drill hole and the possibility of moving the testing probe when the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 of the first testing probe is filled with liquid and expands is provided; when the cylindrical elastic body 511 is used, the direction of the compression deformation of the cylindrical elastic body 511 is consistent with the direction of the stress to be detected, the first resistance strain gauge detects the deformation of the cylindrical elastic body 511 and converts the deformation into an electric signal which is transmitted to a data acquisition device through a first cable, and the first cable is electrically connected with the first resistance strain gauge;
in the above technical solution, when in use, the first test probe is placed in a borehole, and the force measuring direction of the first pull-press type sensor (in the technical solution, the force measuring direction of the first pull-press type sensor is parallel to the central axis direction of the cylindrical elastic body 511) is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the stress to be tested; setting an initial pressure value of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, wherein the initial pressure value is set according to the same principle as the above-mentioned set principle, in the technical scheme, the surface where the arc bodies of the upper end cover 3 and the first lower end cover 4 are located is tightly attached to the inner wall of the drill hole, then the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is filled with liquid and pressurized, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is filled with liquid and expanded, the data acquisition device 13 is observed, when the initial pressure value is reached, the liquid filling is stopped, at the moment, the surfaces where the arc bodies of the upper end cover 3 and the first lower end cover 4 are located are fully and tightly contacted with the corresponding inner wall of the drill hole 1, the data acquisition device 13 is observed, and after the numerical value of the data acquisition device 13 is stable, the data acquisition device 13 monitors the stress at the position in real time;
by adopting the technical scheme, the pull-press type sensor has the beneficial effects that through designing the upper end cover 3, the first lower end cover 4, the cylindrical elastic body 511, the first resistance strain gauge and the first cable, the cylindrical elastic body 511 is simple and convenient to process, can be suitable for drilling holes with the aperture larger than 100mm, is easy to obtain each part, can be prepared in real time on a construction site, and is simple and convenient to assemble;
specifically, in the present technical solution, the following details are also included: the lateral wall of cylindrical elastomer 511 has a pair of first protective cover 512 through first screw 513 spiro union, and a pair of first protective cover 512 divides to establish in the both sides of cylindrical elastomer 511 for protect cylindrical elastomer 511, cylindrical elastomer 511's top is higher than first protective cover 512, the bottom is less than the bottom of first protective cover 512 for provide compression deformation's space, wherein the spiro union has a first water joint 514 on the first protective cover 512, can reduce the interference of moisture, the one end of first cable is passed first water joint 514 with first resistance strain gauge is connected, the other end with data acquisition device connects.
In another technical scheme, the first clamping member includes a plurality of sets of clamping members, each clamping member corresponds to an end portion of the upper end cover 3 on the same side as the first lower end cover 4, each clamping member includes a bolt, a nut, a first supporting sleeve and a second supporting sleeve, through holes are formed in the end portions of the upper end cover 3 on the same side as the first lower end cover 4, the bolts are inserted into the through holes, the nuts are screwed to the bottom ends of the bolts, the first supporting sleeve is sleeved on the bolt above the upper end cover 3, and the second supporting sleeve is sleeved on the bolt below the first lower end cover 4;
in the above technical solution, a nut end of the bolt 7 is located above the upper end cover 3, a bottom end of the bolt 7 is located below the first lower end cover 4, the first support sleeve 8 is located between the bolt 7 and the upper end cover 3, the second support sleeve 10 is located between the nut 9 and the first lower end cover 4, and the first support sleeve 8 and the second support sleeve 10 are made of materials that are easily extruded and deformed by force; when the device is used, in the process of filling and pressurizing the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is filled with liquid and expands, and meanwhile, the first supporting sleeve 8 and the second supporting sleeve 10 deform and are damaged by extrusion force applied by expansion of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, so that an expansion space is provided for filling of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6; adopt this technical scheme, the beneficial effect who obtains is through design bolt 7, nut 9, first supporting sleeve 8, second supporting sleeve 10, provides the structure of a first clamping piece, under the prerequisite that satisfies 6 topping up inflation spaces in hydraulic pillow chamber, conveniently assembles and lays testing arrangement, and is practical and convenient.
In another technical solution, still include transition apron 23, transition apron 23 is located between cylindrical elastomer 511 and the hydraulic pillow chamber 6, specifically, as shown in fig. 4, from top to bottom be upper end cover 3, hydraulic pillow chamber 6, transition apron, cylindrical elastomer 511, first lower end cover 4 in proper order, cylindrical elastomer 5115 can directly put on first lower end cover 4, also can be connected with first lower end cover 4 through joint or spiro union mode, for example, the inside circular through-hole that runs through of cylindrical elastomer 5115, the lower end cover top is equipped with first kelly, first kelly with circular through-hole phase-match, transition apron can directly put on cylindrical elastomer 511, also can be connected with cylindrical elastomer 511 through joint or spiro union mode, for example, the transition apron bottom is equipped with the second kelly, the second clamping column is clamped in the circular through hole; the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is placed on the transition cover plate 23, the upper end cover 3 is arranged on the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the bottom of the upper end cover 3 is attached to the top of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, and the upper end cover 3, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the cylindrical elastic body 511 and the first testing probe formed by the first lower end cover 4 are clamped through connection of the bolt 7, the nut 9, the first supporting sleeve 8 and the second supporting sleeve 10, so that an integral body convenient to mount is formed; by adopting the technical scheme, the obtained beneficial effects are that through the design of the transition cover plate 23, on one hand, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and the cylindrical elastic body 511 are convenient to install, and on the other hand, the stress stability can be improved.
In another technical scheme, the first supporting sleeve 8 and the second supporting sleeve 10 are made of plastics, the used plastics are plastics which are easy to damage after being extruded, and when the device is used, in the process of pressurizing and filling the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the first supporting sleeve 8 and the second supporting sleeve 10 are deformed under pressure to provide a deformation space; by adopting the technical scheme, the obtained beneficial effects are that the first supporting sleeve 8 and the second supporting sleeve 10 are made of plastics, so that the acquisition is convenient, the cost is low and the using effect is good.
In another technical scheme, the tension-compression type sensor comprises a square beam-shaped elastic body 521, a second resistance strain gauge 525 and a second cable, wherein the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, the second resistance strain gauge 525 and the second cable are horizontally arranged, the second resistance strain gauge 525 is bonded to the middle of the side wall of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 along the direction of the stress to be measured, one end of the second cable is connected with the second resistance strain gauge 525, and the other end of the second cable is connected with the data acquisition device;
the clamping device also comprises a second lower end cover and a second clamping piece; the bottom of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is provided with the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the bottom of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is provided with the second lower end cover, and the surfaces of the second lower end cover, which are far away from the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, are both raised outwards to form a convex arc body; the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and the second lower end cover form a second test probe, and the second clamping piece is arranged on the second test probe and used for clamping the second test probe;
in the above technical solution, the pull-press sensor is a second pull-press sensor; each part comprises a square beam-shaped elastic body 521, a hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and a second lower end cover from top to bottom in sequence, the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and the second lower end cover form a test probe, the test probe is a second test probe, and a second clamping piece is arranged on the second test probe to clamp the second test probe, so that the installation is convenient; when the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is used, the compression deformation direction of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is consistent with the stress direction to be measured, the second resistance strain gauge 525 detects the deformation of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 and converts the deformation into an electric signal which is transmitted to a data acquisition device through a second cable, and the second cable is electrically connected with the second resistance strain gauge 525;
in the above technical solution, when in use, the second test probe is placed in the drill hole, and the force measuring direction of the second tension-compression type sensor is adjusted (in the technical solution, the force measuring direction of the second tension-compression type sensor is parallel to the central axis direction of the square beam body in the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, and the square beam body of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 does not include a part of the arc body) to be consistent with the direction of the stress to be tested; setting an initial pressure value of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, wherein the setting principle of the initial pressure value is consistent with the setting principle, in the technical scheme, the surface where the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 and the second lower end cover arc body are located is tightly attached to the inner wall of the drill hole, then the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is filled with liquid and pressurized, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is filled with liquid and expanded, the data acquisition device 13 is observed, when the initial pressure value is reached, the liquid filling is stopped, at the moment, the surfaces where the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 and the second lower end cover arc body are located are fully and tightly contacted with the inner wall of the corresponding drill hole 1, the data acquisition device 13 is observed, and after the numerical value of the data acquisition device 13 is stable, the data acquisition device 13 monitors the stress at the position in real time;
by adopting the technical scheme, the tension-compression type sensor has the beneficial effects that through the design of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, the second lower end cover, the second resistance strain gauge 525 and the second cable, the square beam-shaped elastic body is convenient to process, can be suitable for drilling holes with the aperture larger than 42mm, is easy to obtain each part, can be prepared in real time on a construction site, and has wide practical range, simple and convenient assembly and good test effect;
specifically, in the present technical solution, the following details are also included: the side wall of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is screwed with a pair of second protective cover plates 522 through a second screw 523, the pair of second protective cover plates 522 are respectively arranged at two sides of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 and are used for protecting the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, the top of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is higher than the second protective cover plate 522, the bottom of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is lower than the bottom of the second protective cover plate 522 and is used for providing a compression deformation space, wherein a second waterproof joint 524 is screwed on the second protective cover plate 522 and can reduce the interference of moisture, one end of a second cable penetrates through the second waterproof joint 524 to be connected with the second resistance strain gauge 525, and the other end of the second cable is connected with the data acquisition device.
In another technical scheme, the second clamping piece is a binding belt which is bound on the second testing probe, and specifically, the binding belt deforms and is damaged when the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is filled with liquid, so that the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is convenient to expand, and the second testing piece is driven to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the drill hole; by adopting the technical scheme, the ribbon has the advantages of low cost and convenient use.
In another technical scheme, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 adopts a hydraulic pillow cavity 6 of an existing hydraulic stress meter, the existing hydraulic stress meter comprises the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and a liquid injection device connected with the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the liquid injection device comprises an oil pipe 12 communicated with the liquid injection port and a valve body 16 (which can be a tee joint or a cross joint) communicated with the oil pipe 12, the valve body 16 is provided with a stop valve 17, the valve body 16 is provided with an oil injection port 18, the valve body 16 is connected with a pressure sensor 15, the pressure sensor 15 is connected with a data display device 14, a protective end cover 19 is arranged at the oil injection port 18, the oil injection port 18 is connected with an oil pump, more specific connection structures of various components are structures well known by technical personnel in the field, and the detailed description is omitted; when the hydraulic pressure testing device is used, the valve body 16, the pressure sensor 15 and the data display device 14 are positioned outside the drill hole 1, the oil pump is started, oil liquid 24 is injected into the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 through the oil injection port 18 and the oil pipe 12, and the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is promoted to expand; the hydraulic stress meter has the advantages that the existing hydraulic stress meter capable of filling liquid can be directly adopted, and the hydraulic stress meter is convenient to assemble.
In another technical scheme, the utility model provides a rock mass stress testing device, which comprises:
the test probe comprises a tension-compression type sensor and a liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity 6 arranged on the compression surface of the tension-compression type sensor;
the data acquisition device is connected with the tension-compression type sensor and is used for acquiring the stress at a test point;
the expansion direction of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is consistent with the compression direction of the tension-compression type sensor;
the tension-compression type sensor comprises a vertical cylindrical elastic body 511, a first resistance strain gauge and a first cable, wherein the first resistance strain gauge is bonded to the middle of the side wall of the cylindrical elastic body 511 along the direction of the stress to be measured, one end of the first cable is connected with the first resistance strain gauge, and the other end of the first cable is connected with the data acquisition device;
the clamping device further comprises a first clamping piece, an upper end cover 3 and a first lower end cover 4 which are oppositely arranged from top to bottom, wherein the surfaces, departing from the upper end cover 3 and the first lower end cover 4, of the upper end cover 3 and the first lower end cover 4 are both raised outwards to form a convex arc body, and the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and the cylindrical elastic body 511 are sequentially arranged between the upper end cover 3 and the first lower end cover 4 from top to bottom; the upper end cover 3, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the cylindrical elastic body 511 and the first lower end cover 4 form a first test probe, and the first clamping piece is arranged on the first test probe and used for clamping the first test probe;
the first clamping piece comprises a plurality of groups of clamping pieces, each clamping piece corresponds to the end part of the upper end cover 3 and the end part of the first lower end cover 4 at the same side, each clamping piece comprises a bolt, a nut, a first supporting sleeve and a second supporting sleeve, through holes are formed in the end parts of the upper end cover 3 and the first lower end cover 4 at the same side, the bolts penetrate through the through holes, the nuts are screwed at the bottom ends of the bolts, the bolts above the upper end cover 3 are sleeved with the first supporting sleeves, and the bolts below the first lower end cover 4 are sleeved with the second supporting sleeves;
a transition cover plate 23 is further included, and the transition cover plate 23 is located between the cylindrical elastic body 511 and the hydraulic pillow cavity 6; the first supporting sleeve 8 and the second supporting sleeve 10 are made of plastics, and the used plastics are extruded plastics which are easy to damage;
specifically, in the present technical solution, the following details are also included: the lateral wall of cylindrical elastomer 511 has a pair of first protective cover 512 through first screw 513 spiro union, and a pair of first protective cover 512 divides to establish in the both sides of cylindrical elastomer 511 for protect cylindrical elastomer 511, cylindrical elastomer 511's top is higher than first protective cover 512, the bottom is less than the bottom of first protective cover 512 for provide compression deformation's space, wherein the spiro union has a first water joint 514 on the first protective cover 512, can reduce the interference of moisture, the one end of first cable is passed first water joint 514 with first resistance strain gauge is connected, the other end with data acquisition device connects.
In the above technical scheme, the material for manufacturing the liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity 6 may be metal or rubber, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 of a liquid-filled hydraulic pillow type stress meter in the prior art may be used, and a liquid filling port is arranged on the hydraulic pillow cavity 6; the sensor is a first pull-press type sensor, the upper end cover 3, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the transition cover plate, the cylindrical elastic body 511 and the first lower end cover 4 form a test probe from top to bottom, the test probe is a third test probe, and the third test probe is clamped through a bolt 7, a nut 9, a first supporting sleeve 8 and a second supporting sleeve 10, so that the sensor is convenient to install and use;
in the technical scheme, when the device is used, a test drill hole 1 is constructed on a rock mass 2, the aperture of the drill hole is larger than 100mm, a clamped third test probe is placed into the drill hole, the force measuring direction of a first pull-press type sensor (in the technical scheme, the force measuring direction of the first pull-press type sensor is parallel to the direction of the central axis of a cylindrical elastic body 511) is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of stress to be tested, the initial pressure value of a hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is set, liquid is filled into the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, after the initial pressure value is reached, the surface of the upper end cover 3, which deviates from the first lower end cover 4, is tightly attached to the inner wall of the drill hole, the liquid filling is stopped, a data acquisition device is observed, and the stress value at the position is obtained;
by adopting the technical scheme, the rock mass stress testing device suitable for the drill hole with the aperture larger than 100mm is provided, can be assembled in real time on a construction site, and is convenient to install and use.
In another technical scheme, the utility model provides a rock mass stress testing device, which comprises:
the test probe comprises a tension-compression type sensor and a liquid filling expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity 6 arranged on a pressure surface of the tension-compression type sensor;
the data acquisition device is connected with the tension-compression type sensor and is used for acquiring the stress at a test point;
the expansion direction of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is consistent with the compression direction of the tension-compression type sensor;
the tension and compression type sensor comprises a square beam-shaped elastic body 521, a second resistance strain gauge 525 and a second cable which are horizontally arranged, the second resistance strain gauge 525 is bonded to the middle of the side wall of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 along the direction of the stress to be measured, one end of the second cable is connected with the second resistance strain gauge 525, and the other end of the second cable is connected with the data acquisition device;
the clamping device also comprises a second lower end cover and a second clamping piece; the bottom of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is provided with the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the bottom of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is provided with the second lower end cover, and the surfaces of the second lower end cover, which are far away from the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, are both raised outwards to form a convex arc body; the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and the second lower end cover form a second test probe, and the second clamping piece is arranged on the second test probe and used for clamping the second test probe; the second clamping piece is a binding belt, and the binding belt is arranged on the second measuring probe;
in the technical scheme, the method further comprises the following details: the side wall of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is in threaded connection with a pair of second protective cover plates 522 through a second screw 523, the pair of second protective cover plates 522 are respectively arranged at two sides of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 and used for protecting the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, the top of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is higher than the second protective cover plate 522, the bottom of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is lower than the bottom of the second protective cover plate 522 and used for providing a compression deformation space, wherein a second waterproof joint 524 is in threaded connection with one second protective cover plate 522 and can reduce the interference of moisture, one end of a second cable penetrates through the second waterproof joint 524 to be connected with the second resistance strain gauge 525, and the other end of the second cable is connected with the data acquisition device;
in the above technical solution, the material for manufacturing the liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity 6 may be metal or rubber, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 of a liquid-filled hydraulic pillow type stressometer in the prior art may be used, and the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is provided with a liquid filling port; the tension-compression type sensor is a second tension-compression type sensor, each part comprises a square beam-shaped elastic body 521, a hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and a second lower end cover from top to bottom in sequence, the square beam-shaped elastic body 521, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and the second lower end cover form a test probe, the test probe is a second test probe, and the second test probe is clamped through a binding belt and is convenient to install and use;
in the above technical solution, when in use, a test borehole 1 is constructed on a rock mass 2, the bore diameter of the borehole is greater than 42mm, a clamped second test probe is placed into the borehole, and the stress direction of the square beam-shaped elastic body 521 is adjusted (in the technical solution, the stress direction is parallel to the central axis direction of the square beam body in the square beam-shaped elastic body 521) to be consistent with the direction of the stress to be tested; setting an initial pressure value of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, filling liquid into the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, after the initial pressure value is reached, closely attaching the surface of the upper end cover 3, which is far away from the first lower end cover 4, to the inner wall of the drilled hole, stopping filling liquid, and observing the data acquisition device to obtain a stress value at the position;
by adopting the technical scheme, the rock mass stress testing device applicable to the drill hole with the aperture larger than 42mm is provided, all the parts are easy to obtain, the tension-compression type sensor can be prepared on a construction site in real time, the practical range is wide, the assembly is simple and convenient, and the testing effect is good.
< example 1>
The application example of the rock mass stress testing device is provided, the rock mass stress testing device is used for testing the stress of a rock mass, the tension-compression type sensor adopted by the rock mass stress testing device is a first tension-compression type sensor, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a drilling hole for testing on the rock mass, wherein the hole diameter of the drilling hole is 110 mm;
s2, placing the test probe at the test depth of the drill hole, wherein the force measuring direction of the first tension-compression type sensor is consistent with the direction of the stress to be tested, namely the direction of the central axis of the cylindrical elastic body is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the stress to be tested;
s3, setting an initial pressure value, filling liquid into the hydraulic pillow cavity, observing the data acquisition device, stopping filling liquid when the data acquisition device reaches the initial pressure value, and enabling the test probe to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the drill hole;
s4, observing the data acquisition device after the numerical value of the data acquisition device is stable, and acquiring the stress of the test point;
specifically, a hydraulic pillow cavity and a liquid injection device of the existing hydraulic stress meter capable of filling liquid are adopted as the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 and the liquid injection device of the embodiment;
when measuring the stress sigma, as shown in fig. 11In the process, a vertical drilling hole 20 is constructed on the rock body 2, then a third test probe is sent to a set depth by using a mounting rod capable of testing the posture, and the third test probe is adjusted to ensure that the central axis direction of the cylindrical elastic body and sigma are parallel1The directions are consistent (as shown in fig. 6), the oil pipe 12 is reliably connected with the liquid injection port of the hydraulic pillow cavity 6, the stop valve 17 is opened, liquid injection and pressurization are started, the hydraulic pillow cavity 6 is filled with liquid and expands, the data acquisition device 13 displays the pressure of the first pull-press type sensor in real time, when the pressure reaches an initial pressure value, the stop valve 17 is closed to stop filling the liquid, the mounting rod is withdrawn, and at the moment, the surfaces of the arc bodies of the upper end cover and the first lower end cover are tightly attached to the inner wall of the corresponding drill hole 1; after the numerical value of the data acquisition device 13 is stable, the data acquisition device 13 is observed in real time to obtain the stress of the test point, and the stress sigma can be obtained along with the mining1The space-time sequence curve of (a);
when measuring the stress sigma2In the process, a vertical drilling hole 20 is constructed on the rock body 2, a third test probe is sent to a set depth by using a mounting rod capable of testing the posture, and the third test probe is adjusted to ensure that the central axis direction of the cylindrical elastic body and sigma are parallel2With the same direction (as shown in figure 8), the measurement process is repeated to obtain the stress sigma as the production progresses2The space-time sequence curve of (a);
when measuring the stress σ3In the meantime, the horizontal bore 21 is made in the rock mass 2, the installation and test procedure and the above-mentioned installation and test σ are carried out1、σ2The directional stresses are the same, the only difference being that the third test probe is adjusted so that the central axis of the cylindrical elastomer is oriented in the direction of σ3The directions are consistent; or, according to σ2And σ3In the same horizontal plane and perpendicular to each other, a deflection drill hole 22 is formed in the inclined drill hole 1 of the rock body 2, the included angle between the axis of the deflection drill hole 22 and the horizontal line is theta, the axis of a third test probe is adjusted to be the included angle theta with the horizontal line by using an installation rod capable of testing the posture, the test process is repeated, the data acquisition device 13 acquires the test pressure of the third test probe, and sigma is respectively calculated according to the pressure value and the axis angle of the second test probe2And σ3。
< example 2>
The application example of the rock mass stress testing device is provided, the rock mass stress testing device is used for testing the stress of a rock mass, the tension-compression type sensor adopted by the rock mass stress testing device is a second tension-compression type sensor, and the testing probe is a second testing probe, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a drill hole for testing on the rock mass, wherein the hole diameter of the drill hole is 50 mm;
s2, placing the second test probe at the test depth of the drill hole, wherein the force measuring direction of the second tension-compression type sensor is consistent with the direction of the stress to be tested, namely the direction of the central axis of the square beam body in the square beam-shaped elastic body is adjusted to be consistent with the direction of the stress to be tested;
s3, setting an initial pressure value, filling the hydraulic pillow cavity with liquid, observing the data acquisition device, stopping filling the liquid after the data acquisition device reaches the initial pressure value, and at the moment, closely attaching the second test probe to the inner wall of the drill hole;
s4, observing the data acquisition device after the numerical value of the data acquisition device is stable, and acquiring the stress of the test point;
specifically, a hydraulic pillow cavity and a liquid injection device of the existing hydraulic stress meter capable of filling liquid are adopted as the hydraulic pillow cavity and the liquid injection device of the embodiment;
when measuring the stress sigma1In the process, a vertical drilling hole is constructed on a rock body, then a second test probe is sent to a set depth by using a mounting rod capable of testing the posture, and the second test probe is adjusted to ensure that the central axis direction and sigma of a square beam body in the square beam-shaped elastic body are parallel to the central axis direction1The direction is consistent, the oil pipe is reliably connected with a liquid injection port of the hydraulic pillow cavity, the stop valve is opened, liquid injection and pressurization are started, the hydraulic pillow cavity is filled with liquid and expands, the data acquisition device displays the pressure of the second tension-compression type sensor in real time, the stop valve is closed to stop filling when the pressure reaches an initial pressure value, the mounting rod is withdrawn, and at the moment, the surface where the square beam-shaped elastic body and the arc body of the second lower end cover are located is tightly attached to the inner wall of the corresponding drill hole; after the numerical value of the data acquisition device is stable, the data acquisition device is observed in real time to obtain the stress of the test point, and the stress sigma can be obtained along with the exploitation1The space-time sequence curve of (a);
when measuring the stress sigma2In the process, a vertical drilling hole is constructed on a rock mass, a second test probe is sent to a set depth by using a mounting rod capable of testing the posture, and the second test probe is adjusted to ensure that the central axis direction and sigma of a square beam body in the square beam-shaped elastic body are parallel to the central axis direction2The directions are consistent, the measurement process is repeated, and the stress sigma can be obtained along with the mining2The space-time sequence curve of (a);
when measuring the stress σ3In the meantime, horizontal drilling is constructed on the rock mass, and the installation and test process and the above installation and test sigma are carried out1、σ2The direction stress is the same, the only difference is that the second test probe is adjusted to ensure that the central axis direction of the square beam body in the square beam-shaped elastic body is the same as the sigma3The directions are consistent; or, according to σ2And σ3At the same horizontal plane, and mutually perpendicular, form a deflection drilling in rock mass 2 inclined drilling 1, the axis of deflection drilling is theta with the contained angle of water flat line, use the installation pole that can test the gesture with the axis adjustment of second test probe to be theta with the water flat line contained angle, repeat above-mentioned test process, data acquisition device gathers the pressure of second test probe test, through pressure value andthe axial angle of the second test probe respectively calculates sigma2And σ3。
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the rock mass stress testing device of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the utility model have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the utility model pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the utility model is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. Rock mass stress testing arrangement, its characterized in that includes:
the test probe comprises a tension-compression type sensor and a liquid-filled expansion type hydraulic pillow cavity arranged on a compression surface of the tension-compression type sensor;
the data acquisition device is connected with the tension-compression type sensor and is used for acquiring the stress at a test point;
the expansion direction of the hydraulic pillow cavity is consistent with the compression direction of the tension-compression type sensor.
2. A rock mass stress testing device according to claim 1, wherein the tension and compression type sensor is one of a strain type, an optical fiber type and a vibrating string type.
3. The rock mass stress testing device of claim 1, wherein the tension-compression type sensor comprises a vertical cylindrical elastic body, a first resistance strain gauge and a first cable, the first resistance strain gauge is bonded to the middle of the side wall of the cylindrical elastic body along the direction of the stress to be tested, one end of the first cable is connected with the first resistance strain gauge, and the other end of the first cable is connected with the data acquisition device;
the clamping device comprises a first clamping piece, an upper end cover and a first lower end cover which are oppositely arranged from top to bottom, wherein the surfaces of the upper end cover and the first lower end cover, which are deviated from each other, are all ridged outwards to form a convex arc body, and the hydraulic pillow cavity and the cylindrical elastic body are sequentially arranged between the upper end cover and the first lower end cover from top to bottom; the upper end cover, the hydraulic pillow cavity, the cylindrical elastic body and the first lower end cover form a first test probe, and the first clamping piece is arranged on the first test probe and used for clamping the first test probe.
4. The rock mass stress testing device of claim 3, wherein the first clamping member comprises a plurality of groups of clamping members, each clamping member corresponds to an end portion of the upper end cover and the end portion of the first lower end cover on the same side, each clamping member comprises a bolt, a nut, a first supporting sleeve and a second supporting sleeve, through holes are formed in the end portions of the upper end cover and the end portions of the first lower end cover on the same side, the bolts penetrate through the through holes, the nuts are connected to the bottom ends of the bolts in a threaded manner, the first supporting sleeve is sleeved on the bolt above the upper end cover, and the second supporting sleeve is sleeved on the bolt below the first lower end cover.
5. A rock mass stress testing device according to claim 3, further comprising a transition cover plate located between the cylindrical elastomer and the hydraulic pillow chamber.
6. A rock mass stress testing device as defined in claim 4, wherein the first and second support sleeves are both of plastics.
7. The rock mass stress testing device of claim 1, wherein the tension-compression type sensor comprises a horizontally arranged square beam-shaped elastic body, a second resistance strain gauge and a second cable, the second resistance strain gauge is bonded to the middle of the side wall of the square beam-shaped elastic body along the stress direction to be tested, one end of the second cable is connected with the second resistance strain gauge, and the other end of the second cable is connected with the data acquisition device;
the clamping device also comprises a second lower end cover and a second clamping piece; the bottom of the square beam-shaped elastic body is provided with the hydraulic pillow cavity, the bottom of the hydraulic pillow cavity is provided with the second lower end cover, and the surfaces of the second lower end cover, which are far away from the square beam-shaped elastic body, are all ridged outwards to form an outward-convex arc body; the square beam-shaped elastic body, the hydraulic pillow cavity and the second lower end cover form a second test probe, and the second clamping piece is arranged on the second test probe and used for clamping the second test probe.
8. A rock mass stress testing device according to claim 7, wherein the second clamp member is a strap, the strap being provided on the second testing probe.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118392214A (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2024-07-26 | 东营市自然资源和规划局东营分局土地矿产发展服务中心 | Dynamic balance testing device and testing method for surveying instrument |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118392214A (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2024-07-26 | 东营市自然资源和规划局东营分局土地矿产发展服务中心 | Dynamic balance testing device and testing method for surveying instrument |
| CN118392214B (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2024-08-20 | 东营市自然资源和规划局东营分局土地矿产发展服务中心 | Dynamic balance testing device and testing method for surveying instrument |
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