CN216738229U

CN216738229U - Electrically-driven gasification device for chemical energy electricity storage

Info

Publication number: CN216738229U
Application number: CN202122116931.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋国辉; 赵善辉; 王翔; 崔晓波; 王红艳; 张思文
Original assignee: Nanjing Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2021-09-03
Filing date: 2021-09-03
Publication date: 2022-06-14
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-03

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electrically driven gasification device for chemical energy electricity storage, which adopts water vapor as a gasification medium, feeds from a middle position, discharges slag at the bottom and discharges synthesis gas at the upper part. The high-efficiency and reliable electric heating elements are adopted for heating, and the bottom, the middle and the top are arranged in three areas. The water vapor nozzles are arranged in a partitioned manner along with the electric heating elements. The heating temperature and the water vapor flow rate of each zone can be independently controlled. The gasification equipment is simple, low in design and operation difficulty, high in feasibility, easy to scale and suitable for agricultural and forestry waste, household garbage and other resources, and can realize indirect storage of electric energy, waste treatment and high-quality synthesis gas production, and the energy in the system is fully recovered and recycled.

Description

Electrically-driven gasification device for chemical energy electricity storage

Technical Field

The utility model provides an electrically-driven gasification device for chemical energy electricity storage, which can convert chemical energy of redundant and hard-to-store electric energy and solid organic matters into synthesis gas with wide application and easy use and chemical energy contained in the synthesis gas, and belongs to the fields of waste organic matter utilization, renewable gas production and redundant renewable electricity storage.

Background

With the rapid development of renewable energy sources, the proportion of renewable power in energy source structures is higher and higher. The fluctuating, random, and intermittent requirements of renewable power necessitate matching energy storage capabilities. Power-to-X electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen using surplus renewable Power, hydrogen being able to react with syngas, biogas, or even CO₂Carrying out synthetic reaction to produce various low-carbon high-hydrogen substances. Power-to-X is a very potential technical route because it can convert electrical energy, which is difficult to store, into chemical energy, which is then stored in substances that are easy to store.

Organic wastes, such as agriculture and forestry biomass, have considerable resource amount and wide distribution of municipal domestic wastes, and are ideal carbon sources for preparing synthesis gas. The synthetic gas is one of important raw materials for preparing alternative fuels such as biogas, biological methanol and the like or synthetic chemicals, and has wide application and great effect. In order to produce high-quality synthesis gas, steam gasification is generally employed to avoid nitrogen entrainment and to reduce the calorific value. However, steam gasification requires the use of a dual fluidized bed gasifier, or other gasification and combustion zoned, self-heating type gasifier. The design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of the gasifier have considerable difficulty, the requirement on the skills of operators is high, and the gasifier is not beneficial to the application of medium and small-sized projects. In addition, such gasification reactors provide the heat required for the gasification reaction by burning biomass or char. This approach requires a complete and complex flue gas treatment facility, resulting in a complex actual process flow, multiple auxiliary equipment, and high cost, which results in a lack of competitiveness of gasification-based biogas.

Based on two products of electrolyzed water, the process for preparing the synthesis gas by gasifying the organic matters driven by electric power can be constructed. However, due to the limitations of the water electrolysis principle and technology, about 15% of the electrical energy is lost in the water electrolysis process, and it is difficult to go below 10% in the future. In addition, hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water releases a large amount of heat in the subsequent synthesis, resulting in further reduction of energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, there is a need for improvements in the Power-to-X process to reduce energy losses and increase conversion efficiency. The steam gasification of organic waste is a heat-absorbing process, the key of which is to supply heat to the gasification process. The energy conversion efficiency of electric heating is close to 100 percent and is far higher than that of electrolytic water.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and providing an electrically driven gasification apparatus for chemical energy storage, which solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the problems is as follows: an electrically driven gasification device for chemical energy electricity storage is characterized in that a slag storage area is arranged at the bottom of the gasification device, a reaction area is arranged on the slag storage area, the slag storage area and the reaction area are separated through a grate, an electric heating element and a steam nozzle are arranged at the upper, middle and lower parts in the reaction area, a feed inlet is further formed in the middle of the reaction area, and a synthesis gas outlet is formed in the top of the reaction area.

The section of the gasification device is circular or rectangular, and one or more feed inlets are provided.

The electric heating element adopts one or the combination of resistance, induction and electric arc.

The electric heating element is in any one of a cylindrical shape, a spiral shape, a plane shape, a conical shape, a U shape, an M shape or a P shape.

The electric heating element is provided with heat exchange fins for enhancing heat transfer.

The electric heating element is positioned above the feed inlet in the middle area of the reaction zone.

Each zone is composed of a plurality of groups of electric heating elements, each group of heating elements uses an independent power supply, and the heating power and the heating temperature of each group are independently controlled.

The steam injection flow of the steam nozzles of each zone can be independently controlled and adjusted.

The electric heating element is horizontally or obliquely arranged.

And the slag storage area is provided with a slag extractor.

Advantageous effects

1. The electric energy utilization way of the utility model is that the electric energy is converted into the heat energy, the electric heating element has the energy conversion efficiency close to 100 percent, and the heat dissipation loss of the gasifier is low, thereby obtaining higher system energy conversion efficiency.

2. The gasifier of the utility model is characterized by electric heating, only a single reaction vessel is needed, and the equipment has simple structure, easy manufacture and convenient operation. Not only can obtain high-quality synthesis gas with low nitrogen content, but also avoids a plurality of defects of the traditional steam gasification.

3. The utility model can simultaneously realize surplus electric energy storage, organic waste utilization and high-quality synthesis gas production, is suitable for the development trend of a renewable and distributed energy system, and provides a new scheme for large-scale electric energy storage.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a gasification apparatus of the present invention employing a cylindrical electric heating element, the key functions and components being:

1. a feed inlet; 2. a bottom electrical heating element; 3. bottom steam nozzle, 4. grate; 5. a slag storage area; 6. a slag extractor; 7, a slag discharge port; 8. a middle electrical heating element; 9. a middle steam nozzle; 10. a top electrical heating element; 11. a top steam nozzle; 12. and (6) a synthesis gas outlet.

FIG. 2 is a gasification apparatus of the present invention using disc-shaped electric heating elements and heat exchange fins, the key functions and components of which are:

1. a feed inlet; 2. a bottom electrical heating element; 3. bottom steam nozzle, 4. grate; 5. a slag storage area; 6. a slag extractor; 7, a slag discharge port; 8. a middle electrical heating element; 9. a middle steam nozzle; 10. a top electrical heating element; 11. a top steam nozzle; 12. and a synthesis gas outlet.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

The utility model relates to an electrically driven gasification device for chemical energy electricity storage, which is characterized in that raw materials firstly enter a gasification device 1 through a feeding hole, move downwards under the action of gravity, gradually pass through a bottom electric heating element 2 to generate decomposition, and are subjected to gasification reforming reaction with water vapor sprayed by a bottom steam nozzle 3. Part of the unreacted carbon and ash fall to the grate 4. The unreacted carbon stays on the grate for a long enough time, and fully reacts and is converted into gas under the action of the heating of the bottom layer and the water vapor. The ash falls from the grate 4 to the slag storage area 5, then is processed by a slag extractor 6 and finally is discharged from a slag discharge port 7, and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are also arranged at the bottom. The synthesis gas and tar generated by heating at the bottom are upwards heated by the middle electric heating element 8 and further react with the steam sprayed from the middle steam nozzle 9; then passes through a top electric heating element 10 to be heated and react with the water vapor injected by a top steam nozzle 11 so as to reform and react the tar into the synthetic gas as much as possible. The resulting syngas is drawn from the syngas outlet 12. The operation temperature of the gasification device is not higher than 1100 ℃, and the pressure is not higher than 4 MPa. The heat generated by drying the raw material and the steam comes from the waste heat recovery of the synthesis gas, and the surplus heat is used for electricity utilization by the waste heat power generation compensation system.

Figures 1 and 2 are schematic views of an electrical heating element which may take two different forms, respectively. FIG. 1 shows a gasification apparatus using a cylindrical electric heating element, in which the heating element at the bottom of the reaction zone is disposed obliquely downward and the upper and middle portions are disposed horizontally. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a disc-shaped electric heating element, which is horizontally arranged and is also provided with corresponding heat radiating fins.

Examples

Straw is used as gasification raw material, and the feeding amount is 125 kg/h. The raw material is dried and preheated to 110 ℃ and then gasified under normal pressure, the gasification temperature of the bottom, the middle and the top is 800 ℃, the mass ratio of water vapor to organic matter is 0.4, the water vapor temperature is 300 ℃, the energy conversion efficiency of the electric heating element is 99%, and the heat dissipation loss of the gasifier accounts for 3% of the heat value of the raw material. The synthesis gas enters a condenser and is cooled to 25 ℃. The concentrations of the main components of the synthesis gas were as follows: CH (CH)₄：8.2％；CO₂： 9.2％；CO：39.2％；H₂：43.0％；N₂: 0.4 percent, and the balance of water vapor and CmHn. The heat of the high-temperature part of the synthesis gas is used for waste heat power generation to compensate the power consumption of the system; the remaining medium and low temperature heat was used for feedstock drying and steam generation, at which condition the system thermal efficiency of this example was 89%.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrically driven gasification device for chemical energy electricity storage is characterized in that a slag storage area is arranged at the bottom of the gasification device, a reaction area is arranged on the slag storage area, the slag storage area and the reaction area are separated through a grate, an electric heating element and a steam nozzle are arranged at the upper, middle and lower parts in the reaction area, a feed inlet is further arranged in the middle of the reaction area, and a synthesis gas outlet is arranged at the top of the reaction area.

2. An electrically driven gasification unit for chemical energy storage according to claim 1, wherein the gasification unit is circular or rectangular in cross section and one or more feed inlets are provided.

3. An electrically driven gasification unit for chemical energy storage according to claim 1 wherein the electrical heating element is one or a combination of electrical resistance, induction, or electric arc.

4. An electrically driven gasification unit for chemical energy storage according to claim 1, wherein the electric heating element is any one of cylindrical, spiral, planar, conical, U-shaped, M-shaped or P-shaped.

5. An electrically driven gasification unit for chemical energy storage according to claim 1 wherein the electrical heating element is provided with heat exchange fins to enhance heat transfer.

6. An electrically driven gasification unit for chemical energy storage according to claim 1 wherein the electrical heating element is located above the feed inlet in the central region of the reaction zone.

7. An electrically driven gasification unit for chemical energy storage according to claim 1 wherein each zone is comprised of multiple groups of electrical heating elements, each group of heating elements using an independent power source, the heating power and heating temperature of each group being independently controlled.

8. An electrically driven gasification unit for chemical energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the steam injection rate of the steam injection nozzles of each zone can be controlled and regulated independently.

9. An electrically driven gasification unit for chemical energy storage according to claim 1 wherein the electrical heating element is arranged horizontally or inclined.

10. An electrically driven gasification unit for chemical energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag storage area is provided with a slag extractor.