CN216715197U

CN216715197U - Medium bridge reduction gear lubricating structure

Info

Publication number: CN216715197U
Application number: CN202220150375.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘宏; 关雨墙; 王林国
Original assignee: FAW Jiefang Automotive Co Ltd
Current assignee: FAW Jiefang Automotive Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-01-20
Filing date: 2022-01-20
Publication date: 2022-06-10
Anticipated expiration: 2032-01-20

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of speed reducers, and discloses a lubricating structure of a middle axle speed reducer, which comprises: the reducer shell is internally provided with an oil guide groove, an oil guide channel and a first communication hole, and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out by the driving cylindrical gear can enter the oil guide groove; the input end bearing can be lubricated by the lubricating oil in the oil guide groove; at least part of lubricating oil thrown out from the driven bevel gear can also lubricate the bevel gear bearing through the first communicating hole; the lubricating oil in the oil guide channel can lubricate the main tooth outer bearing; and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out from the driven bevel gear can enter the annular oil cavity through the communicating oil duct. The lubricating structure of the middle axle speed reducer disclosed by the utility model does not need to be filled with excessive lubricating oil, reduces the loss of the lubricating oil, improves the transmission efficiency of the middle axle speed reducer and prolongs the service life of the middle axle speed reducer.

Description

Medium bridge reduction gear lubricating structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of speed reducers, in particular to a lubricating structure of a middle axle speed reducer.

Background

The existing through-type driving middle axle speed reducer shell mainly comprises a speed reducer shell and a cylindrical gear shell, lubricating oil is stirred up through a driven bevel gear and the cylindrical gear in the running process of a middle axle speed reducer, relevant bearings are lubricated through a lubricating oil channel on the middle axle speed reducer shell, the existing middle axle speed reducer is not specially used for lubricating an input end bearing, a bevel gear bearing, a main gear outer bearing and a planet wheel ball, in order to ensure that the parts can normally run, the lubricating oil is required to have a certain liquid level height, more lubricating oil is required to be added, excessive lubricating oil not only increases the loss of the lubricating oil, but also reduces the transmission efficiency of the middle axle speed reducer, and the service life of the middle axle speed reducer is shortened.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Based on the above, the utility model aims to provide a lubricating structure of a middle axle speed reducer, which does not need to be filled with excessive lubricating oil, reduces the loss of the lubricating oil, improves the transmission efficiency of the middle axle speed reducer and prolongs the service life of the middle axle speed reducer.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a medium axle speed reducer lubricating structure comprising: the reducer comprises a reducer shell, a front cavity, a rear cavity, an oil inlet channel and a main oil return channel are defined in the reducer shell, the oil inlet channel and the main oil return channel can be communicated with the front cavity and the rear cavity, the reducer shell is provided with an oil guide groove, an oil guide channel and a secondary oil return channel which are sequentially communicated, at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when a driving cylindrical gear rotates can enter the oil guide groove, the secondary oil return channel is communicated with the front cavity, and the reducer shell is further provided with a first communication hole communicated with the oil inlet channel; the input end bearing is arranged between the cylindrical gear shaft and the speed reducer shell and is arranged right opposite to the front cavity, and lubricating oil in the oil guide groove can lubricate the input end bearing; the bevel gear bearing is sleeved on the rear bevel gear and is opposite to the first communication hole, the rear bevel gear is fixed at one end of the cylindrical gear shaft, and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out by the driven bevel gear during rotation can lubricate the bevel gear bearing through the oil inlet channel and the first communication hole; the main gear outer bearing is arranged between the main gear shaft and the speed reducer shell, and lubricating oil in the oil guide channel can lubricate the main gear outer bearing; the annular oil cavity is communicated with the communicating oil duct, and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out by the rotation of the driven bevel gear can enter the annular oil cavity through the oil inlet channel and the communicating oil duct.

As an optimal scheme of the lubricating structure of the middle axle speed reducer, the lubricating structure of the middle axle speed reducer further comprises an input end bearing seat, the input end bearing seat is fixed on the speed reducer shell, an input oil inlet channel and an input oil return channel which are communicated are arranged on the input end bearing seat, the input oil inlet channel is communicated with the oil guide groove, the input oil return channel is communicated with the oil guide channel, and lubricating oil in the input oil inlet channel lubricates the input end bearing.

As an optimal scheme of well axle reduction gear lubricating structure, the antechamber is including the first antechamber unit and the second antechamber unit of intercommunication, main oil return passage includes first oil return oil duct and second oil return oil duct, the import of first oil return oil duct is higher than the import of second oil return oil duct, first oil return oil duct with first antechamber unit intercommunication, second oil return oil duct with chamber unit intercommunication before the second, it is lubricated lubricating oil behind the input bearing can enter chamber unit before the second.

As an optimal scheme of a lubricating structure of the middle axle speed reducer, an oil baffle plate is arranged on a shell of the speed reducer, and lubricating oil thrown out when the driving cylindrical gear rotates can enter the oil guide groove along the oil baffle plate.

As an optimal scheme of a middle axle speed reducer lubricating structure, be equipped with the main tooth end cover on the reduction gear casing, the main tooth end cover is just right the main pinion sets up, the central axis of main tooth end cover with the central axis of input bearing frame is located and presets the plane, lead oil passageway and follow oil return passageway and all be located predetermine on the plane.

As an optimal scheme of a lubricating structure of a middle axle speed reducer, a differential bearing seat and a first bearing used for supporting a differential are arranged at the rear end of a speed reducer shell, the first bearing is arranged on the differential bearing seat, a drainage groove which is right opposite to the first bearing is formed in the rear end of the differential bearing seat, and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when a driven bevel gear rotates can enter the first bearing through the drainage groove.

As an optimal scheme of a middle axle speed reducer lubricating structure, be equipped with on the differential bearing frame and lead the oil muscle, lead the oil muscle with the differential bearing frame forms the drainage groove, lead the oil muscle and be close to highly being higher than of the one end of first bearing lead the height of oil muscle other end.

As an optimal scheme of middle axle reduction gear lubricating structure, the rear end of differential bearing frame is equipped with the direction and keeps off oily spare and be used for supporting the direction bearing of main pinion, the direction bearing sets up on the differential bearing frame, inject the holding tank in keeping off oily spare of direction, at least part the direction bearing is located in the holding tank, the holding tank can receive the skew partial lubricating oil in drainage groove.

As an intermediate axle reduction gear lubricating structure's preferred scheme, reduction gear housing's rear end is equipped with the second bearing that is used for supporting differential, reduction gear housing's rear end is equipped with the oil outlet, at least partial lubricating oil in the main oil return passage can pass through the oil outlet gets into in the second bearing.

As a preferable scheme of the lubricating structure of the intermediate axle speed reducer, a second communicating hole communicated with the oil inlet channel is formed in the rear end of the speed reducer shell, the second communicating hole is arranged right opposite to the communicating oil duct, and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear rotates can enter the annular oil cavity through the oil inlet channel, the second communicating hole and the communicating oil duct in sequence.

As a preferred scheme of a lubricating structure of the intermediate axle speed reducer, a driven gear oil receiving plate is arranged on the speed reducer shell and located above the driven bevel gear, and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear rotates can enter the oil inlet channel along the driven gear oil receiving plate.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the lubricating structure of the intermediate axle speed reducer improves the lubricating conditions of the input end bearing, the bevel gear bearing, the main gear outer bearing and the planet wheel ball of the whole intermediate axle speed reducer, and the total amount of the internal lubricating oil is less than that of the prior art, so that the transmission efficiency of the intermediate axle speed reducer is improved, and the service life of the intermediate axle speed reducer is prolonged.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mid-axle reducer lubrication configuration provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a front chamber of a mid-axle reducer lubrication configuration provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a first partial structure of a lubricating structure of a center reduction gear according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a sectional view showing a second partial structure of a lubricating structure of a mid-axle reducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a reducer housing; 101. an oil inlet channel; 102. a main oil return passage; 1021. a first oil return passage; 1022. a second oil return passage; 103. an oil guide groove; 104. an oil guide channel; 105. a secondary oil return passage; 106. a first communication hole; 108. a drainage groove; 109. an oil outlet hole; 1010. a second communication hole; 11. an oil baffle plate; 12. oil guiding ribs; 13. the slave gear is connected with an oil plate;

21. a driving cylindrical gear; 22. a cylindrical gear shaft; 23. a rear bevel gear; 24. a driven bevel gear;

31. an input end bearing; 32. a main gear outer bearing; 33. an input end bearing seat; 3301. inputting an oil inlet channel; 3302. inputting an oil return channel; 34. a bevel gear bearing;

4. an inter-axle differential case; 401. the oil duct is communicated; 402. an annular oil chamber;

51. a main gear end cover; 52. an input end oil seal;

61. a differential bearing seat; 62. a first bearing; 63. a guide oil blocking member; 64. a guide bearing; 65. a second bearing;

7. a main gear shaft.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Wherein the terms "first position" and "second position" are two different positions.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection or a removable connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The embodiment provides a lubricating structure of a medium axle speed reducer, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, comprising a speed reducer casing 1, an input end bearing 31, a bevel gear bearing 34, a main gear outer bearing 32 and an inter-axle differential case 4, wherein a front chamber, a rear chamber, an oil inlet passage 101 and a main oil return passage 102 are defined in the speed reducer casing 1, the oil inlet passage 101 and the main oil return passage 102 can both communicate with the front chamber and the rear chamber, the speed reducer casing 1 is provided with an oil guide groove 103, an oil guide passage 104 and a secondary oil return passage 105 which are sequentially communicated, at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when a driving cylindrical gear 21 rotates can enter the oil guide groove 103, the secondary oil return passage 105 is communicated with the front chamber, the speed reducer casing 1 is further provided with a first communication hole 106 communicated with the oil inlet passage 101, the input end bearing 31 is arranged between the cylindrical gear shaft 22 and the speed reducer casing 1, and the input end bearing 31 is arranged over against the front chamber, lubricating oil in the oil guide groove 103 can lubricate the input end bearing 31, the bevel gear bearing 34 is sleeved on the rear bevel gear 23 and is opposite to the first communication hole 106, the rear bevel gear 23 is fixed at one end of the cylindrical gear shaft 22, at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear 24 rotates can lubricate the bevel gear bearing 34 through the oil inlet channel 101 and the first communication hole 106, the main gear outer bearing 32 is arranged between the main gear shaft 7 and the reducer casing 1, the lubricating oil in the oil guide channel 104 can lubricate the main gear outer bearing 32, a communication oil channel 401 communicated with the oil inlet channel 101 is arranged on the inter-shaft differential casing 4, an annular oil cavity 402 positioned at the periphery of a planet ball is arranged on the inner surface of the inter-shaft differential casing 4, the annular oil cavity 402 is communicated with the communication oil channel 401, and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear 24 rotates can enter the annular oil cavity 402 through the oil inlet channel 101 and the communication oil channel 401.

The lubricating structure of the middle axle speed reducer provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the lubricating conditions of the input end bearing 31, the bevel gear bearing 34, the main gear outer bearing 32 and the planet wheel ball of the whole middle axle speed reducer are improved by the additionally arranged oil guide groove 103, the oil guide channel 104 and the auxiliary oil return channel 105, the total amount of the internal lubricating oil is less than that in the prior art, the transmission efficiency of the middle axle speed reducer is improved, and the service life of the middle axle speed reducer is prolonged.

As shown in fig. 2, the lubricating structure of the middle axle speed reducer of this embodiment further includes an input end bearing seat 33 and an input end oil seal 52, the input end bearing seat 33 is fixed on the speed reducer housing 1, the input end bearing seat 33 is provided with an input oil inlet 3301 and an input oil return 3302 which are communicated, the input oil inlet 3301 is communicated with the oil guide groove 103, the input oil return 3302 is communicated with the oil guide channel 104, and the input oil in the input oil inlet 3301 lubricates the input end bearing 31. Specifically, at least a part of the lubricating oil thrown out when the driving spur gear 21 rotates can firstly enter the oil guide groove 103, and then a part of the lubricating oil in the oil guide groove 103 lubricates the input end bearing 31 through the input oil inlet 3301, the lubricating oil after lubricating the input end bearing 31 can flow into the front cavity, and another part of the lubricating oil flowing out through the oil guide groove 103 can sequentially enter the oil guide channel 104 through the input oil inlet 3301 and the input oil return channel 3302 and lubricate the input end bearing 31, and then the lubricating oil in the oil guide channel 104 flows to the front cavity through the oil return channel 105. The input oil seal 52 of the present embodiment is provided on the input bearing housing 33 to block the oil in the input oil inlet 3301 and the input oil return 3302 from flowing out to the outside.

The front cavity of the present embodiment includes a first front cavity unit and a second front cavity unit which are communicated with each other, as shown in fig. 3, the main oil return passage 102 includes a first oil return passage 1021 and a second oil return passage 1022, an inlet of the first oil return passage 1021 is higher than an inlet of the second oil return passage 1022, the first oil return passage 1021 is communicated with the first front cavity unit, the second oil return passage 1022 is communicated with the second front cavity unit, and the lubricating oil after lubricating the input end bearing 31 can enter the second front cavity unit. Specifically, when the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the first front cavity unit is higher than the inlet height of the first oil return passage 1021, the lubricating oil in the first front cavity flows back to the rear cavity along the first oil return passage 1021; when the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the second front chamber unit is higher than the inlet height of the second oil return passage 1022, the lubricating oil in the second front chamber flows back to the rear chamber along the second oil return passage 1022.

As shown in fig. 2, the reducer case 1 of the present embodiment is provided with an oil baffle 11, and the lubricating oil thrown out when the drive spur gear 21 rotates can enter the oil guide groove 103 along the oil baffle 11. Specifically, the lubricating oil thrown out when this initiative roller gear 21 clockwise rotation can be beaten on oil baffle 11, and then lubricating oil flows into along oil baffle 11 and leads oil groove 103, and the oil baffle 11 that adds has increased the lubricating oil volume that gets into and leads in the oil groove 103 to make input end bearing 31 and main tooth outer bearing 32 obtain fully lubricated. Compared with the prior art, the distance between the pitch circles of the oil baffle plate 11 and the driving cylindrical gear 21 is 3mm, the distance between the oil baffle plate and the driving cylindrical gear is more reasonable, the distance between the driving cylindrical gear 21 and the oil baffle plate 11 is the same, and the oil baffle plate 11 can receive lubricating oil when the low-speed running is facilitated. The front end of the oil baffle 11 of this embodiment is an arc, and the distance of this arc to the pitch circle of the initiative roller gear 21 is the same, and lubricating oil still can be received to the oil baffle 11 when guaranteeing the low-speed rotation of initiative roller gear 21 to make lubricating oil flow into preceding cavity.

As shown in fig. 2, a main gear end cover 51 is disposed on the reducer case 1 of the present embodiment, the main gear end cover 51 is disposed over against the main gear shaft 7, a central axis of the main gear end cover 51 and a central axis of the input end bearing seat 33 are located on a preset plane, the oil guide passage 104 and the oil return passage 105 are both located on the preset plane, such a configuration is beneficial to lubricating oil to sequentially return to the front cavity through the oil guide groove 103, the oil guide passage 104 and the oil return passage 105, and the processing technology of the reducer case 1 is further simplified.

Further, the communication position between the oil guiding passage 104 and the input oil return passage 3302 of the present embodiment is not located at the bottom of the input oil return passage 3302, and the communication position between the oil guiding passage 104 and the slave oil return passage 105 is not located at the bottom of the oil guiding passage 104, that is, the input oil return passage 3302 and the slave oil return passage 105 can both store part of the lubricating oil, and the lubricating oil can enter the oil guiding passage 104 through the input oil return passage 3302 only when the height of the lubricating oil in the input oil return passage 3302 reaches a certain height, and similarly, the lubricating oil can enter the front chamber through the slave oil return passage 105 only when the height of the lubricating oil in the oil guiding passage 104 reaches a certain height.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the rear end of the reducer case 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a second communication hole 1010 communicated with the oil inlet channel 101, the second communication hole 1010 is disposed opposite to the communication oil channel 401, and at least a part of the lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear 24 rotates can sequentially pass through the oil inlet channel 101, the second communication hole 1010 and the communication oil channel 401 and enter the annular oil chamber 402. Specifically, four communicating oil ducts 401 are arranged on the inter-axle differential case 4 in the present embodiment, each communicating oil duct 401 can be communicated with the second communicating hole 1010, so that the lubricating oil flowing to the second communicating hole 1010 through the oil inlet channel 101 can enter the annular oil chamber 402 through the communicating oil ducts 401, and further the lubricating oil in the annular oil chamber 402 forms an oil film between the inter-axle differential case 4 and the planet balls, and the oil film plays a role in lubricating the inter-axle differential case 4 and the planet balls. In other embodiments, the number of the communication oil passages 401 in the inter-axle differential case 4 is not limited to four in this embodiment, and may be one, two, three, or more than four, and is specifically set according to actual needs.

As shown in fig. 4, the reducer case 1 of the present embodiment is provided with the driven bevel gear 24, and the driven bevel gear 24 is located above the driven bevel gear 13 from the toothed oil plate 13, so that at least a part of the lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear 24 rotates can enter the oil inlet passage 101 from the toothed oil plate 13. Specifically, the thickness of the driven bevel gear 24 is the same as that of the reduction gear housing 1, and the driven bevel gear 13 is warped upwards, at least part of the lubricating oil splashed when the driven bevel gear 24 rotates can strike the driven bevel gear 13, and then the lubricating oil flows into the oil inlet channel 101 from the driven bevel gear 13, and the added driven bevel gear 13 increases the amount of the lubricating oil entering the oil inlet channel 101, so that the inter-shaft differential housing 4, the planetary ball and the bevel gear bearing 34 are sufficiently lubricated, and more lubricating oil enters the front chamber.

Specifically, after the lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear 24 rotates according to the present embodiment flows into the oil inlet passage 101 from the tooth connecting oil plate 13, a part of the lubricating oil lubricates the bevel gear bearing 34 through the first communication hole 106, a part of the lubricating oil enters the annular oil chamber 402 through the second communication hole 1010 and the communication oil passage 401, a part of the lubricating oil directly enters the front chamber along the oil inlet passage 101, and when the height of the lubricating oil in the front chamber is higher than the inlet height of the main oil return passage 102, the lubricating oil in the front chamber returns to the rear chamber through the main oil return passage 102.

As shown in fig. 6, a differential bearing seat 61, a first bearing 62 for supporting a differential, and a second bearing 65 for supporting the differential are disposed at the rear end of the reducer case 1 of the present embodiment, the differential bearing seat 61 is provided with an oil guiding rib 12, the oil guiding rib 12 is formed at the rear end of the differential bearing seat 61, the first bearing 62 is disposed on the differential bearing seat 61, the rear end of the differential bearing seat 61 is provided with a drainage groove 108 facing the first bearing 62, the oil guiding rib 12 and the differential bearing seat 61 form the drainage groove 108, and at least a part of the lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear 24 rotates can enter the first bearing 62 through the drainage groove 108. The height of the oil guiding bar 12 near one end of the first bearing 62 is higher than the height of the other end of the oil guiding bar 12, so that the lubricating oil in the drainage groove 108 can flow into the balls of the first bearing 62, and the height of the oil guiding bar 12 is the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in fig. 6. The rear end of the reduction gear case 1 is provided with an oil outlet hole 109, and at least part of the lubricating oil in the main oil return passage 102 can enter the second bearing 65 through the oil outlet hole 109. Specifically, at least a portion of the lubricant in the first oil return passage 1021 can enter the second bearing 65 through the oil outlet hole 109.

As shown in fig. 6, the differential bearing holder 61 of the present embodiment is provided at the rear end thereof with a guide oil blocking member 63 and a guide bearing 64 for supporting the main pinion 7, the guide bearing 64 being provided on the differential bearing holder 61, the guide oil blocking member 63 defining therein a receiving groove, at least a part of the guide bearing 64 being located in the receiving groove, the receiving groove being capable of receiving a part of the lubricating oil deviated from the drainage groove 108. The guide oil stop 63 of the present embodiment is provided integrally with the differential carrier 61. In other embodiments, the guide oil blocking member 63 may also be fixed to the differential bearing seat 61, and is specifically configured according to actual requirements.

Specifically, when the driven bevel gear 24 rotates, at least part of the lubricating oil splashed with the driven bevel gear 24 can flow into the first bearing 62 through the drainage groove 108 to lubricate the first bearing 62, and part of the lubricating oil can flow out of the oil outlet 109 and lubricate the second bearing 65; when more lubricating oil is thrown up when the driven bevel gear 24 rotates, one part of the lubricating oil can deviate from the drainage groove 108 and flow downwards, at the moment, the guide oil blocking piece 63 can receive at least part of the lubricating oil flowing downwards, the lubricating oil in the guide oil blocking piece 63 can play a role in lubricating the guide bearing 64, and even if the vehicle runs at a low speed, the lubricating oil stored in the guide oil blocking piece 63 can still play a role in lubricating the guide bearing 64 even if the driven bevel gear 24 does not splash when rotating.

It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the utility model. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A medium bridge speed reducer lubricating structure is characterized by comprising:

the reducer comprises a reducer shell (1), wherein a front cavity, a rear cavity, an oil inlet channel (101) and a main oil return channel (102) are defined in the reducer shell, the oil inlet channel (101) and the main oil return channel (102) can be communicated with the front cavity and the rear cavity, an oil guide groove (103), an oil guide channel (104) and a secondary oil return channel (105) which are communicated in sequence are arranged on the reducer shell (1), the secondary oil return channel (105) is communicated with the front cavity, at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when a driving cylindrical gear (21) rotates can enter the oil guide groove (103), and a first communication hole (106) communicated with the oil inlet channel (101) is further formed in the reducer shell (1);

the input end bearing (31) is arranged between the cylindrical gear shaft (22) and the speed reducer shell (1), the input end bearing (31) is arranged right opposite to the front cavity, and lubricating oil in the oil guide groove (103) can lubricate the input end bearing (31);

the bevel gear bearing (34) is sleeved on the rear bevel gear (23) and is opposite to the first communication hole (106), the rear bevel gear (23) is fixed at one end of the cylindrical gear shaft (22), and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out by the driven bevel gear (24) during rotation can lubricate the bevel gear bearing (34) through the oil inlet channel (101) and the first communication hole (106);

a main gear outer bearing (32) arranged between the main gear shaft (7) and the reducer housing (1), wherein the lubricating oil in the oil guide channel (104) can lubricate the main gear outer bearing (32);

the lubricating device comprises an inter-axle differential shell (4), wherein a communicating oil duct (401) communicated with the oil inlet channel (101) is arranged on the inter-axle differential shell (4), an annular oil cavity (402) located on the periphery of a planet wheel ball is arranged on the inner surface of the inter-axle differential shell (4), the annular oil cavity (402) is communicated with the communicating oil duct (401), and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear (24) rotates can enter the annular oil cavity (402) through the oil inlet channel (101) and the communicating oil duct (401).

2. The medium axle speed reducer lubricating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, the medium axle speed reducer lubricating structure further comprises an input end bearing seat (33), the input end bearing seat (33) is fixed on the speed reducer casing (1), an input oil inlet channel (3301) and an input oil return channel (3302) which are communicated with each other are arranged on the input end bearing seat (33), the input oil inlet channel (3301) is communicated with the oil guide groove (103), the input oil return channel (3302) is communicated with the oil guide channel (104), and the input end bearing (31) is lubricated by the lubricating oil in the input oil inlet channel (3301).

3. The medium axle reducer lubricating structure according to claim 2, wherein the front chamber includes a first front chamber unit and a second front chamber unit that are communicated, the main oil return passage (102) includes a first oil return passage (1021) and a second oil return passage (1022), an inlet of the first oil return passage (1021) is higher than an inlet of the second oil return passage (1022), the first oil return passage (1021) is communicated with the first front chamber unit, the second oil return passage (1022) is communicated with the second front chamber unit, and lubricating oil after lubricating the input end bearing (31) can enter the second front chamber unit.

4. The medium axle speed reducer lubricating structure according to claim 2, wherein an oil baffle plate (11) is arranged on the speed reducer casing (1), and lubricating oil thrown out when the driving cylindrical gear (21) rotates can enter the oil guide groove (103) along the oil baffle plate (11).

5. The medium axle reducer lubricating structure according to claim 2, wherein a main gear end cover (51) is arranged on the reducer casing (1), the main gear end cover (51) is arranged right opposite to the main gear shaft (7), a central axis of the main gear end cover (51) and a central axis of the input end bearing seat (33) are located on a preset plane, and the oil guide channel (104) and the slave oil return channel (105) are located on the preset plane.

6. A middle axle reducer lubricating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear end of the reducer housing (1) is provided with a differential bearing seat (61) and a first bearing (62) for supporting a differential, the first bearing (62) is arranged on the differential bearing seat (61), the rear end of the differential bearing seat (61) is provided with a drainage groove (108) facing the first bearing (62), and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear (24) rotates can enter the first bearing (62) through the drainage groove (108).

7. A middle axle reducer lubricating structure according to claim 6, characterized in that an oil guiding rib (12) is arranged on the differential bearing seat (61), the oil guiding rib (12) and the differential bearing seat (61) form the drainage groove (108), and the height of one end of the oil guiding rib (12) close to the first bearing (62) is higher than that of the other end of the oil guiding rib (12).

8. A mid-axle reducer lubrication structure according to claim 6, wherein a rear end of the differential carrier (61) is provided with a guide oil blocking member (63) and a guide bearing (64) for supporting the main pinion (7), the guide bearing (64) being provided on the differential carrier (61), a receiving groove being defined in the guide oil blocking member (63), at least a part of the guide bearing (64) being located in the receiving groove, the receiving groove being capable of receiving a part of the lubricating oil deviating from the drainage groove (108).

9. A mid-axle reducer lubrication structure according to claim 1, wherein the rear end of the reducer case (1) is provided with a second bearing (65) for supporting a differential, the rear end of the reducer case (1) is provided with an oil outlet hole (109), and at least part of the lubricating oil in the main oil return passage (102) can enter the second bearing (65) through the oil outlet hole (109).

10. The medium axle reducer lubricating structure according to claim 1, wherein a second communicating hole (1010) communicating with the oil inlet channel (101) is formed in the rear end of the reducer housing (1), the second communicating hole (1010) is arranged opposite to the communicating oil channel (401), and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear (24) rotates can sequentially pass through the oil inlet channel (101), the second communicating hole (1010) and the communicating oil channel (401) and enter the annular oil cavity (402).

11. The medium axle reducer lubricating structure according to claim 1, wherein a secondary gear plate (13) is arranged on the reducer casing (1), the secondary gear plate (13) is located above the driven bevel gear (24), and at least part of lubricating oil thrown out when the driven bevel gear (24) rotates can enter the oil inlet channel (101) along the secondary gear plate (13).