CN216714298U - Rock drill impact structure and rock drill - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a rock drill and an impact structure thereof. The rock drill impact structure comprises a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a cylinder bore, a first medium channel and a second medium channel which are communicated with a high-pressure oil cavity and the cylinder bore, a third medium channel and a fourth medium channel which are communicated with a low-pressure oil cavity and the cylinder bore, and a fifth medium channel which is arranged along the length direction of the cylinder bore and one end of which is communicated with the cylinder bore; and an impact piston having a third position and a fourth position. When the hydraulic cylinder is used, the oil distribution valve core can move to and fro at the first position and the second position under the action of the hydraulic pump, meanwhile, the oil distribution valve core can open or close the second medium channel and the fourth medium channel in the moving process, the corresponding part of the control cylinder bore is communicated with the high-pressure oil cavity or the low-pressure oil cavity, the impact piston can rapidly slide to and fro at the third position and the fourth position under the action of hydraulic pressure, and the working efficiency can be improved.

Description

Rock drill impact structure and rock drill

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of rock drills, and particularly relates to a rock drill impact structure and a rock drill.

Background

Rock drills are tools for quarrying stone, mainly comprising an impact structure and a swing structure. The rotary structure comprises a drill rod, the impact piston extends out of the cylinder body to the limit position and impacts the drill rod, and the drill rod transmits impact force to rock to chisel holes. In the prior art, the reciprocating movement speed of an impact piston of an impact structure of a rock drill is low, and the working efficiency is low.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a rock drill impact structure and a rock drill, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, an impact piston of the rock drill impact structure is low in reciprocating speed and low in working efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:

in a first aspect, the present invention provides a rock drill impact structure comprising: the shell is provided with a cylinder bore, a first medium channel and a second medium channel which are communicated with the high-pressure oil chamber and the cylinder bore, a third medium channel and a fourth medium channel which are communicated with the low-pressure oil chamber and the cylinder bore, and a fifth medium channel which is arranged along the length direction of the cylinder bore and one end of which is communicated with the cylinder bore are arranged in the range of the wall thickness of the shell; the oil distribution valve core is slidably arranged in the cylinder bore and always seals the other end of the fifth medium channel, and the oil distribution valve core is provided with a first position for sealing the fourth medium channel and opening the second medium channel and a second position for sealing the second medium channel and opening the fourth medium channel; the impact piston is slidably arranged in the cylinder bore and provided with a third position and a fourth position, and when the impact piston is located at the third position, the impact piston can close the outlet of the third medium channel in the cylinder bore and communicate the outlet of the first medium channel in the cylinder bore with the outlet of the fifth medium channel in the cylinder bore; when in the fourth position, the impact piston may separate an outlet of the first media passage within the cylinder bore and an outlet of the fifth media passage within the cylinder bore and communicate the outlet of the third media passage within the cylinder bore and the outlet of the fifth media passage within the cylinder bore;

defining the oil distribution valve core to be in a first position and the impact piston to be in a third position as an initial state, under the action of a hydraulic pump, firstly, the fifth medium channel is communicated with the first medium channel and is communicated with the high-pressure oil cavity, the oil distribution valve core can move from the first position to the second position, then, the fourth medium channel is communicated with the cylinder bore, the impact piston can move from the third position to the fourth position, then, the fifth medium channel is communicated with the third medium channel and is communicated with the low-pressure oil cavity, the oil distribution valve core can move from the second position to the first position, finally, the second medium channel is communicated with the cylinder bore, and the impact piston can move from the fourth position to the third position.

In a possible implementation manner, the cylinder bore includes a first sealing channel, a piston front cavity, a second sealing channel, a piston signal cavity, a third sealing channel, a piston rear cavity and a fourth sealing channel which are sequentially arranged and communicated, the first medium channel communicates the piston front cavity and the high-pressure oil cavity, the second medium channel communicates the piston rear cavity and the high-pressure oil cavity, the third medium channel communicates the third sealing channel and the low-pressure oil cavity, the fourth medium channel communicates the piston rear cavity and the low-pressure oil cavity, the oil distribution valve core and the inner wall of the piston rear cavity are enclosed to form a valve core signal cavity, one end of the fifth medium channel is communicated with the piston signal cavity, and the other end of the fifth medium channel is communicated with the valve core signal cavity.

In a possible implementation manner, the impact piston comprises an impact portion, a first connecting portion, a second connecting portion, a third connecting portion and a fourth connecting portion which are sequentially connected; when the impact piston is located at a third position, the impact part is in sealing fit with the first sealing channel, the first connecting part is in clearance fit with the piston front cavity, the second connecting part is in clearance fit with the second sealing channel and can be communicated with the piston front cavity and the piston signal cavity, the third connecting part is in sealing fit with the third sealing channel and seals the third medium channel, and the fourth connecting part is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the oil distribution valve core and is in sealing fit with the fourth sealing channel; when the impact piston is located at a fourth position, the impact part is in sealing fit with the first sealing channel, the first connecting part is in clearance fit with the piston front cavity and in sealing fit with the second sealing channel, the second connecting part is in clearance fit with both the piston signal cavity and the third sealing channel, the second connecting part at least slides to the position of the third medium channel to communicate the piston signal cavity with the low-pressure oil cavity, the third connecting part is in sealing fit with the third sealing channel, and the fourth connecting part is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the oil distribution valve core and in sealing fit with the fourth sealing channel.

In a possible implementation manner, the impact piston further includes a buffering portion connected between the impact portion and the first connecting portion, the buffering portion reciprocates between the first sealing passage and the piston front cavity, and when the buffering portion enters the first sealing passage, a gap for flowing out a working medium is formed between the buffering portion and an inner wall of the first sealing passage.

In one possible implementation, the housing includes: a housing; the front cylinder body is arranged in the shell and is provided with the first sealing channel; the middle cylinder body is connected with the front cylinder body and arranged in the shell, and the front piston cavity, the second sealing channel, the piston signal cavity, the third sealing channel and the rear piston cavity are formed; and the rear cylinder body is connected with the middle cylinder body and arranged in the shell, and the fourth sealing channel is formed.

In a possible realization, both the front cylinder and the rear cylinder are fitted with sliding bearings cooperating with the percussion piston.

In a possible implementation manner, a buffer cavity is formed by enclosing the inner wall of the piston rear cavity and the outer wall of the oil distribution valve core, and the shell is further provided with a buffer oil passage for communicating the buffer cavity and the low-pressure oil cavity.

In one possible implementation, the oil distribution spool includes: the valve core body is slidably arranged in the piston rear cavity and can form a low-pressure chamber by being surrounded with an outlet of the fourth medium channel; the first shoulder is integrally connected with the valve core body and forms the valve core signal cavity together with the valve core body and the inner wall of the piston rear cavity in an enclosing manner; the second shoulder is integrally connected with the valve core body and forms a high-pressure chamber together with the outlet of the second medium channel and the valve core body in an enclosing manner; the third shoulder is integrally connected with the valve core body and is contained in the buffer cavity; when the oil distribution valve core is at the first position and the valve core signal cavity is communicated with the high-pressure oil cavity, the oil distribution valve core can move from the first position to the second position; when the oil distribution valve core is located at the second position and the valve core signal cavity is communicated with the low-pressure oil cavity, the second shoulder is located at the joint of the second medium channel and the piston rear cavity, and the oil distribution valve core can move to the first position from the second position.

In a possible implementation manner, the outer wall of the oil distribution valve core is provided with a plurality of first oil grooves at positions corresponding to the buffer cavity, and the plurality of first oil grooves are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the oil distribution valve core.

When the hydraulic cylinder is used, the oil distribution valve core can move to and fro at the first position and the second position under the action of the hydraulic pump, meanwhile, the oil distribution valve core can open or close the second medium channel and the fourth medium channel in the moving process, the corresponding part of the control cylinder bore is communicated with the high-pressure oil cavity or the low-pressure oil cavity, the impact piston can rapidly slide to and fro at the third position and the fourth position under the action of hydraulic pressure, and the working efficiency can be improved.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a rock drilling machine, including a rock drilling machine impact structure according to any one of the above implementations, having the same technical effects as the rock drilling machine impact structure, and therefore, the details are not repeated herein.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the rock drill impact structure of one embodiment of the present invention in a first state

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the rock drill according to one embodiment of the utility model in a second state of the impact structure;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rock drill according to an embodiment of the utility model in a third state of the impact structure;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the rock drill according to an embodiment of the present invention in a fourth state of the impact structure;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the housing of the rock drill impact structure according to an embodiment of the utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the impact piston in one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a rock drill impact structure according to an embodiment of the utility model;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an oil distribution valve cartridge according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic view of a rock drill according to an embodiment of the present invention in a fourth state of the impact structure;

fig. 11 is a schematic view of the rock drill according to an embodiment of the utility model in a first state of the impact structure;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of the rock drill according to an embodiment of the utility model in a second state of the impact structure;

fig. 13 is a schematic view of the rock drill according to an embodiment of the utility model in a third state of the impact structure;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the engagement of the impact piston with the first sealing channel in an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1. impact structure of rock drill

10. Housing 11, first sealing channel 12, piston front cavity

13. Second sealing channel 14, piston signal cavity 15 and third sealing channel

16. Piston back cavity 17, fourth sealing channel 18 and sliding bearing

19. Fourth seal channel 20, valve core signal cavity 21 and first medium channel

22. Second medium passage 23, third medium passage 24, fourth medium passage

25. High-pressure oil chamber 26, low-pressure oil chamber 27, buffer oil passage

28. Fifth medium channel 29, buffer cavity 30 and oil distribution valve core

31. First shoulder 32, second shoulder 33, third shoulder

40. Impact piston 41, impact portion 42, first connection portion

43. Second connection portion 44, third connection portion 45, and fourth connection portion

46. Buffer 51, front cylinder 52, and middle cylinder

53. Rear cylinder 54, low pressure chamber 55, high pressure chamber

56. Space one 57 and space two

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to," "secured to," or "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "in communication" it can be directly in communication with the other element via a passageway, or indirectly in communication with the other element via other elements, lines, valves, etc. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on," "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. "plurality" means two or more. "at least one" refers to one or more quantities. "a number" means one or more than one.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Referring to fig. 1 to 14, a rock drilling machine impact structure 1 and a rock drilling machine according to the present invention will be described.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a rock drill impact structure 1, including: a housing 10 having a cylinder bore, the housing 10 having, in a range of a wall thickness thereof, a first medium passage 21 and a second medium passage 22 communicating with the high-pressure oil chamber 25 and communicating with the cylinder bore, a third medium passage 23 and a fourth medium passage 24 communicating with the low-pressure oil chamber 26 and communicating with the cylinder bore, and a fifth medium passage 28 provided along a length direction of the cylinder bore and having one end communicating with the cylinder bore; the oil distribution valve core 30 is slidably arranged in the cylinder bore and always seals the other end of the fifth medium channel 28, and the oil distribution valve core 30 is provided with a first position for sealing the fourth medium channel 24 and opening the second medium channel 22 and a second position for sealing the second medium channel 22 and opening the fourth medium channel 24; and an impact piston 40 slidably disposed in the cylinder bore and having a third position and a fourth position, the impact piston 40 being capable of closing an outlet of the third medium passage 23 in the cylinder bore and communicating an outlet of the first medium passage 21 in the cylinder bore with an outlet of the fifth medium passage 28 in the cylinder bore when in the third position; when in the fourth position, the impact piston 40 is able to separate the outlet of the first medium passage 21 in the cylinder bore and the outlet of the fifth medium passage 28 in the cylinder bore and communicate the outlet of the third medium passage 23 in the cylinder bore and the outlet of the fifth medium passage 28 in the cylinder bore; defining the oil distribution spool 30 at the first position and the impact piston 40 at the third position as the initial state, under the action of the hydraulic pump, firstly, the fifth medium passage 28 is communicated with the first medium passage 21 and is communicated with the high-pressure oil chamber 25, the oil distribution spool 30 can move from the first position to the second position, then, the fourth medium passage 24 is communicated with the cylinder bore, the impact piston 40 can move from the third position to the fourth position, then, the fifth medium passage 28 is communicated with the third medium passage 23 and is communicated with the low-pressure oil chamber 26, the oil distribution spool 30 can move from the second position to the first position, finally, the second medium passage 22 is communicated with the cylinder bore, and the impact piston 40 can move from the fourth position to the third position.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the high-pressure oil cavity 25 is communicated with a hydraulic pump to form a hydraulic oil inlet channel. The low-pressure oil chamber 26 is communicated with a pressure relief port (hydraulic oil tank) to form a hydraulic oil return passage. The hydraulic oil inlet channel is provided with a high-pressure energy accumulator, the hydraulic oil return channel is provided with a low-pressure energy accumulator, and the energy accumulators are used for storing energy and eliminating pulses in a hydraulic system, so that the impact pressure peak value of the rock drill can be relieved, and the stable operation of the rock drill is ensured. When the hydraulic control valve is used, the oil distribution valve core 30 can move to and fro at the first position and the second position under the action of a hydraulic pump, meanwhile, the oil distribution valve core 30 can open or close the second medium channel 22 and the fourth medium channel 24 in the moving process, the corresponding part of the control cylinder bore is communicated with the high-pressure oil cavity 25 or the low-pressure oil cavity 26, the impact piston 40 can rapidly slide to and fro at the third position and the fourth position under the action of hydraulic pressure, and the working efficiency can be improved.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some possible embodiments, the cylinder bore includes a first sealing passage 11, a piston front cavity 12, a second sealing passage 13, a piston signal cavity 14, a third sealing passage 15, a piston rear cavity 16, and a fourth sealing passage 17, which are sequentially disposed and communicated, the first medium passage 21 communicates the piston front cavity 12 and the high-pressure oil cavity 25, the second medium passage 22 communicates the piston rear cavity 16 and the high-pressure oil cavity 25, the third medium passage 23 communicates the third sealing passage 15 and the low-pressure oil cavity 26, the fourth medium passage 24 communicates the piston rear cavity 16 and the low-pressure oil cavity 26, an oil distribution spool 30 and an inner wall of the piston rear cavity 16 enclose to form a spool signal cavity 20, and one end of the fifth medium passage 28 communicates with the piston signal cavity 14 and the other end communicates with the spool signal cavity 20.

In the present embodiment, the first sealing passage 11 and the fourth sealing passage 17 are respectively in sealing engagement with corresponding portions of the impact piston 40 to seal the interior of the cylinder bore. The inner walls of the first sealing channel 11 and the fourth sealing channel 17 may also be provided with slide bearings 18, guide sleeves and sealing elements etc. cooperating with the percussion piston 40.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in some possible embodiments, the impact piston 40 includes an impact portion 41, a first connecting portion 42, a second connecting portion 43, a third connecting portion 44 and a fourth connecting portion 45, which are sequentially connected to each other; when the impact piston 40 is at the third position, the impact part 41 is in sealing fit with the first sealing channel 11, the first connecting part 42 is in clearance fit with the piston front cavity 12, the second connecting part 43 is in clearance fit with the second sealing channel 13 and can be communicated with the piston front cavity 12 and the piston signal cavity 14, the third connecting part 44 is in sealing fit with the third sealing channel 15 and seals the third medium channel 23, and the fourth connecting part 45 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the oil distribution valve core 30 and is in sealing fit with the fourth sealing channel 17;

when the impact piston 40 is at the fourth position, the impact portion 41 is in sealing fit with the first sealing channel 11, the first connecting portion 42 is in clearance fit with the piston front cavity 12 and in sealing fit with the second sealing channel 13, the second connecting portion 43 is in clearance fit with both the piston signal cavity 14 and the third sealing channel 15, the second connecting portion 43 slides at least to the position of the third medium channel 23 to communicate the piston signal cavity 14 and the low-pressure oil cavity 26, the third connecting portion 44 is in sealing fit with the third sealing channel 15, and the fourth connecting portion 45 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the oil distribution valve core 30 and in sealing fit with the fourth sealing channel 17.

In the embodiment, the impact portion 41, the first connection portion 42, the second connection portion 43, the third connection portion 44, and the fourth connection portion 45 are integrally machined, and may be machined and manufactured by turning, precision casting, and the like.

To facilitate understanding of the working conditions of the present embodiment in use, please refer to fig. 1 to 4, which are schematic structural diagrams of the rock drill impact structure 1 in four states, respectively. In order to distinguish high-pressure oil from low-pressure oil more clearly, the high-pressure oil and the low-pressure oil are respectively marked by different patterns (the high-pressure oil filling area is a dotted oblique line, and the low-pressure oil filling area is an irregular spot). The high-pressure oil chamber 25 is communicated with a hydraulic pump, and the low-pressure oil chamber 26 is communicated with a hydraulic oil tank. The rock drill impact structure 1 is cyclically changed between four states in sequence when in use, thereby realizing the reciprocating movement of the impact piston 40 in the cylinder bore.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, hydraulic oil is exemplified as the fluid medium, and when the hydraulic oil is actually used, other fluid media may also be used as the working medium, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the high-pressure oil passage and the low-pressure oil passage (also called relief oil passage) in four states, and the movement of the impact piston 40 and the oil distribution valve core 30 will be described.

Referring to fig. 1, a first state is defined as an initial position, when the rock drilling machine impact structure 1 is in the first state, the oil distribution valve core 30 is in the first position, the impact piston 40 is in the third position, and high-pressure oil is filled in the piston front cavity 12, the piston signal cavity 14 and the piston rear cavity 16. The oil distribution valve core 30 is located at a first position in the piston rear cavity 16, and high-pressure oil is filled between two end faces of the oil distribution valve core 30 so that oil pressure between the two end faces of the oil distribution valve core 30 is balanced. Meanwhile, as the piston signal cavity 14 and the spool signal cavity 20 are communicated through the fifth medium channel 28, high-pressure oil can enter the spool signal cavity 20 from the fifth medium channel 28, the spool signal cavity 20 breaks the oil pressure balance at two ends of the oil distribution spool 30, the oil distribution spool 30 moves from the first position to the second position under the pushing of the high-pressure oil in the spool signal cavity 20, the second medium channel 22 is closed, the fourth medium channel 24 is opened, and at the moment, the rock drill impact structure 1 is in the second state.

When the rock drill impact structure 1 is in the second state, the oil distribution valve core 30 is in the second position, the impact piston 40 is in the third position, high-pressure oil is filled in the piston front cavity 12, the piston signal cavity 14 and the valve core signal cavity 20, the piston rear cavity 16 is communicated with the low-pressure oil cavity 26 through the fourth medium channel 24, and low-pressure oil is filled in the piston rear cavity 16. Under the push of the high-pressure oil in the piston front cavity 12 and the piston signal cavity 14, the impact piston 40 slides towards the cylinder bore, namely, the impact piston 40 moves from the third position to the fourth position. During the movement, the first connection 42 of the percussion piston 40 enters the second sealing channel 13, the piston front chamber 12 and the piston signal chamber 14 are separated, the second connection 43 slides to the position of the third medium channel 23, the outlet of the third medium channel 23 in the cylinder bore is opened so that the piston signal chamber 14, the spool signal chamber 20 and the low pressure oil chamber 26 are communicated, and the rock drill percussion structure 1 is in the third state.

When the rock drill impact structure 1 is in the third state, the oil distribution valve core 30 is in the second position, the impact piston 40 is in the fourth position, high-pressure oil is in the piston front cavity 12, and low-pressure oil is in the piston signal cavity 14, the piston rear cavity 16 and the valve core signal cavity 20. Since the part of the oil distribution spool 30 in the rear piston cavity 16 is contacted by low pressure oil and the part of the rear piston cavity 16 for closing the second medium passage 22 is contacted by high pressure oil, the oil distribution spool 30 moves from the second position to the first position under the push of the high pressure oil in the second medium passage 22. During the movement of the oil distribution valve core 30, the second medium passage 22 can be opened and the fourth medium passage 24 can be closed, so that the low-pressure oil in the piston rear cavity 16 is converted into high-pressure oil, and at the moment, the rock drill impact structure 1 is in a fourth state.

When the rock drill impact structure 1 is in the fourth state, the oil distribution spool 30 is in the first position and the impact piston 40 is in the fourth position. Under the action of the hydraulic pump and the piston rear chamber 16, the high pressure oil pushes the percussion piston 40 to move from the fourth position to the third position, and in the moving process, the third medium channel 23 is closed again, the piston front chamber 12 and the piston signal chamber 14 are communicated, and the rock drill percussion structure 1 is in the first state again. By so doing, the impact piston 40 reciprocates in the cylinder bore.

When the utility model is used, the piston front cavity 12 is always communicated with the high-pressure oil cavity 25, the oil distribution valve core 30 slides in the piston rear cavity 16 and has a first position and a second position, and the impact piston 40 slides in the cylinder bore and has a third position and a fourth position. The opening and closing of the second medium channel 22 and the fourth medium channel 24 can be controlled in the moving process of the oil distribution valve core 30, the impact piston 40 can enable the piston front cavity 12 and the piston signal cavity 14 to be communicated or closed and enable the piston signal cavity 14 and the piston rear cavity 16 to be communicated or closed in the moving process, and the impact piston 40 and the piston signal cavity 14 can enable hydraulic oil in the piston signal cavity 16 and the valve core signal cavity 20 to be rapidly switched between high pressure and low pressure under the combined action of the piston front cavity 12 and the piston signal cavity 14, so that the impact piston 40 can rapidly slide in a cylinder bore in a reciprocating mode, and the working efficiency can be improved.

Referring to fig. 6 and 14, in some possible embodiments, the impact piston 40 further includes a buffer portion 46 engaged between the impact portion 41 and the first connecting portion 42, the buffer portion 46 reciprocates between the first sealing passage 11 and the front piston cavity 12, and when the buffer portion 46 enters the first sealing passage 11, the buffer portion 46 forms a gap with an inner wall of the first sealing passage 11 for the working medium to flow out.

As shown in fig. 6 and 10, when the front piston cavity 12 and the rear piston cavity 16 are filled with high-pressure oil at the same time, the area of the impact piston 40 acted by the high-pressure oil in the front piston cavity 12 is smaller than the area of the impact piston 40 acted by the high-pressure oil in the rear piston cavity 16, and the impact piston 40 moves to the third position under the push of the high-pressure oil in the rear piston cavity 16 to extend out of the housing 10 to impact the drill rod. When the impact piston 40 moves to the position shown in fig. 14, the buffer part 46 enters the first sealing channel 11, and hydraulic oil is discharged from a gap between the buffer part 46 and the inner wall of the first sealing channel 11, so that the impact piston 40 is stably buffered and braked, the impact force of the rock drilling machine during working is reduced, and the service life of the rock drilling machine is prolonged.

Referring to fig. 7, in some possible embodiments, the housing 10 includes: a housing; a front cylinder 51 provided in the housing and formed with a first sealing passage 11; the middle cylinder body 52 is connected with the front cylinder body 51 and arranged in the shell, and a piston front cavity 12, a second sealing channel 13, a piston signal cavity 14, a third sealing channel 15 and a piston rear cavity 16 are formed; and a rear cylinder 53 engaged with the middle cylinder 52 and provided in the housing, and having a fourth sealing passage 17 formed therein. The front cylinder 51, the middle cylinder 52 and the rear cylinder 53 are arranged in the shell in sequence, and form a first sealing channel 11, a piston front cavity 12, a second sealing channel 13, a piston signal cavity 14, a third sealing channel 15, a piston rear cavity 16 and a fourth sealing channel 17 which are communicated.

Referring to fig. 7, in some possible embodiments, both the front cylinder 51 and the rear cylinder 53 are fitted with slide bearings 18 cooperating with the impact piston 40. The two slide bearings 18 in this embodiment cooperate with the impact portion 41 and the fourth connecting portion 45, respectively, for guiding when the impact piston 40 slides.

Referring to fig. 7 and 8, in some possible embodiments, a buffer chamber 29 is formed by enclosing an inner wall of the piston rear chamber 16 and an outer wall of the oil distribution valve core 30, and the housing 10 further has a buffer oil passage 27 communicating the buffer chamber 29 and the low-pressure oil chamber 26, and the buffer oil passage can play a role of buffering during the movement of the oil distribution valve core 30.

Referring to fig. 8 and 9, in some possible embodiments, the oil distribution spool 30 includes: the valve core body is slidably arranged in the piston rear cavity 16 and can enclose with an outlet of the fourth medium channel 24 to form a low-pressure chamber 54; the first shoulder part 31 is integrally connected with the valve core body and encloses with the inner walls of the valve core body and the piston rear cavity 16 to form a valve core signal cavity 20; a second shoulder 32 integrally connected to the valve body, and enclosing with the outlet of the second medium passage 22 and the valve body to form a high pressure chamber 55; and a third shoulder 33 integrally connected to the valve body and accommodated in the buffer chamber 29; when the oil distribution valve core 30 is at the first position and the valve core signal cavity 20 is communicated with the high-pressure oil cavity 25, the oil distribution valve core 30 can move from the first position to the second position; when the oil distribution spool 30 is in the second position and the spool signal chamber 20 is communicated with the low-pressure oil chamber 26, the second shoulder 32 is located at the joint of the second medium passage 22 and the piston rear chamber 16, and the oil distribution spool 30 can move from the second position to the first position.

Referring to fig. 8, when the oil distribution spool 30 moves to the right in the drawing, the hydraulic oil in the second space 57 is discharged from the gap between the third shoulder 33 and the second space 57, and when the oil distribution spool 30 moves to the left in the drawing, the hydraulic oil in the first space 56 is discharged from the gap between the third shoulder 33 and the first space 56, so that the oil distribution spool 30 smoothly and rapidly performs braking. The arrangement can reduce the movement time of the oil distribution valve core 30, improve the operation frequency of the rock drill, reduce the impact force generated when the oil distribution valve core 30 moves, and prolong the service life of the oil distribution valve core 30.

Referring to fig. 7, in some possible embodiments, a plurality of first oil grooves are formed in the outer wall of the oil distribution valve core 30 at positions corresponding to the buffer cavity 29, the plurality of first oil grooves are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the oil distribution valve core 30, hydraulic oil is stored in the first oil grooves, and the oil distribution valve core 30 can play a role in lubrication when moving, so that the oil distribution valve core 30 can be ensured to slide smoothly and stably.

As shown in fig. 10 to 13, the positions of the impact piston 40 and the oil distribution valve core 30 shown in fig. 10 are defined as an initial state, when the impact piston 40 is at the shown rear position, the piston signal cavity 14 is separated from the piston front cavity 12, the oil distribution valve core 30 is at the shown front position, high-pressure oil enters the piston rear cavity 16 through the second medium channel 22, hydraulic oil in the piston rear cavity 16 and the piston front cavity 12 is communicated with the high-pressure oil cavity 25, the pressure is consistent, and because the acting area of the piston rear cavity 16 on the impact piston 40 is larger than that of the piston front cavity 12 on the impact piston 40, the force applied to the impact piston rear cavity 16 is larger than that of the impact piston 40 front cavity 12, and the impact piston 40 is pushed to move forward.

When the impact piston 40 moves forward to the position shown in fig. 11, the piston signal cavity 14 is communicated with the piston front cavity 12, high-pressure oil in the piston front cavity 12 reaches the valve core signal cavity 20 through the piston signal cavity 14, at the moment, the front and the rear of the oil distribution valve core 30 are both communicated with the high-pressure oil, the pressure is equal, and the oil distribution valve core 30 can be pushed to move backward because the action area of the valve core signal cavity 20 is larger than that of the high-pressure cavity 55. At the same time, the percussion piston 40 continues to move forward due to inertia.

When the oil distribution valve core 30 moves backwards to the position shown in fig. 12, the passage from the high-pressure oil chamber 25 to the piston rear chamber 16 is closed, the passage from the piston rear chamber 16 to the low-pressure oil chamber 26 is opened, the pressure in the piston rear chamber 16 is basically zero, the piston front chamber 12 is in an internal hydraulic oil high-pressure state, the impact piston 40 starts to decelerate due to the force applied by the piston front chamber 12, and starts to move backwards in an accelerated manner after the speed is reduced to zero.

When the impact piston 40 moves rearward to the position shown in fig. 13, the piston front chamber 12 is separated from the piston signal chamber 14, the piston signal chamber 14 is in communication with the low pressure oil chamber 26 and the hydraulic return oil, and the pressure drops to substantially zero. The oil distribution spool 30 starts moving forward by being pushed by the high-pressure oil in the high-pressure chamber 55.

When the oil distribution spool 30 moves forward to the position shown in fig. 10, high pressure oil enters the piston rear chamber 16 to push the impact piston 40 forward to start the next working cycle.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a rock drilling machine, including the rock drilling machine impact structure 1 in any of the above embodiments, having the same technical effects, and therefore, the details are not repeated herein.

It is to be understood that, in the foregoing embodiments, various parts may be freely combined or deleted to form different combination embodiments, and details of each combination embodiment are not described herein again, and after this description, it can be considered that each combination embodiment has been described in the present specification, and can support different combination embodiments.

The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the utility model, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the utility model.

Claims (10)

1. Rock drill strikes structure, its characterized in that includes:

the shell is provided with a cylinder bore, a first medium channel and a second medium channel which are communicated with the high-pressure oil chamber and the cylinder bore, a third medium channel and a fourth medium channel which are communicated with the low-pressure oil chamber and the cylinder bore, and a fifth medium channel which is arranged along the length direction of the cylinder bore and one end of which is communicated with the cylinder bore are arranged in the range of the wall thickness of the shell;

the oil distribution valve core is slidably arranged in the cylinder bore and always seals the other end of the fifth medium channel, and the oil distribution valve core is provided with a first position for sealing the fourth medium channel and opening the second medium channel and a second position for sealing the second medium channel and opening the fourth medium channel; and

the impact piston is slidably arranged in the cylinder bore and provided with a third position and a fourth position, and when the impact piston is located at the third position, the impact piston can close the outlet of the third medium channel in the cylinder bore and communicate the outlet of the first medium channel in the cylinder bore with the outlet of the fifth medium channel in the cylinder bore; when in the fourth position, the impact piston may be configured to separate an outlet of the first media passage within the cylinder bore and an outlet of the fifth media passage within the cylinder bore and communicate the outlet of the third media passage within the cylinder bore and the outlet of the fifth media passage within the cylinder bore.

2. A rock drill impact structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder bore includes a first seal passage, a piston front cavity, a second seal passage, a piston signal cavity, a third seal passage, a piston rear cavity and a fourth seal passage which are arranged in sequence and are communicated with each other, the first medium passage communicates the piston front cavity and the high-pressure oil cavity, the second medium passage communicates the piston rear cavity and the high-pressure oil cavity, the third medium passage communicates the third seal passage and the low-pressure oil cavity, the fourth medium passage communicates the piston rear cavity and the low-pressure oil cavity, the oil distribution spool and the inner wall of the piston rear cavity are enclosed to form a spool signal cavity, one end of the fifth medium passage communicates with the piston signal cavity, and the other end communicates with the spool signal cavity.

3. A rockdrill impact structure according to claim 2, wherein the impact piston includes an impact portion, a first connecting portion, a second connecting portion, a third connecting portion and a fourth connecting portion which are arranged in succession;

when the impact piston is located at a third position, the impact part is in sealing fit with the first sealing channel, the first connecting part is in clearance fit with the piston front cavity, the second connecting part is in clearance fit with the second sealing channel and can be communicated with the piston front cavity and the piston signal cavity, the third connecting part is in sealing fit with the third sealing channel and seals the third medium channel, and the fourth connecting part is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the oil distribution valve core and is in sealing fit with the fourth sealing channel;

when the impact piston is located at a fourth position, the impact part is in sealing fit with the first sealing channel, the first connecting part is in clearance fit with the piston front cavity and in sealing fit with the second sealing channel, the second connecting part is in clearance fit with both the piston signal cavity and the third sealing channel, the second connecting part at least slides to the position of the third medium channel to communicate the piston signal cavity with the low-pressure oil cavity, the third connecting part is in sealing fit with the third sealing channel, and the fourth connecting part is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the oil distribution valve core and in sealing fit with the fourth sealing channel.

4. A rockdrill impact structure according to claim 3, wherein the impact piston further includes a buffer portion engaged between the impact portion and the first connection portion, the buffer portion being reciprocally movable between the first sealed passage and the piston front chamber, the buffer portion forming a gap with an inner wall of the first sealed passage through which a working medium flows out when the buffer portion enters the first sealed passage.

5. A rockdrill impact structure according to claim 2, wherein the housing includes:

a housing;

the front cylinder body is arranged in the shell and is provided with the first sealing channel;

the middle cylinder body is connected with the front cylinder body and arranged in the shell, and the piston front cavity, the second sealing channel, the piston signal cavity, the third sealing channel and the piston rear cavity are formed; and

and the rear cylinder body is connected with the middle cylinder body and arranged in the shell, and a fourth sealing channel is formed.

6. A rock drill impact structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the front cylinder and the rear cylinder are each fitted with a slide bearing cooperating with the impact piston.

7. A rockdrill impact structure according to claim 2, wherein the inner wall of the piston rear chamber and the outer wall of the oil distribution valve core enclose to form a buffer chamber, and the housing further has a buffer oil passage communicating the buffer chamber and the low-pressure oil chamber.

8. A rockdrill impact structure according to claim 7, wherein the oil distribution spool includes:

the valve core body is slidably arranged in the piston rear cavity and can form a low-pressure chamber by being surrounded with an outlet of the fourth medium channel;

the first shoulder part is integrally connected with the valve core body and jointly surrounds the valve core body and the inner wall of the piston rear cavity to form the valve core signal cavity;

the second shoulder is integrally connected with the valve core body and forms a high-pressure chamber together with the outlet of the second medium channel and the valve core body in an enclosing manner; and

the third shoulder is integrally connected with the valve core body and is contained in the buffer cavity;

when the oil distribution valve core is at the first position and the valve core signal cavity is communicated with the high-pressure oil cavity, the oil distribution valve core can move from the first position to the second position; when the oil distribution valve core is located at the second position and the valve core signal cavity is communicated with the low-pressure oil cavity, the second shoulder is located at the joint of the second medium channel and the piston rear cavity, and the oil distribution valve core can move to the first position from the second position.

9. A rock drill impact structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the outer wall of the oil distribution valve core is provided with a plurality of first oil grooves at positions corresponding to the buffer chamber, and the plurality of first oil grooves are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the oil distribution valve core.

10. Rock drilling machine, characterized in that it comprises a rock drilling machine impact structure according to any one of claims 1-9.

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