CN216697590U - Compound pendulum and reversible pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a compound pendulum and inverted pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument, which relates to the technical field of experiment instruments and comprises a base, wherein a water level is arranged on the upper surface of the base, an upright post is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base, one end of the upright post, which is far away from the water level, is fixedly connected with a knife bearing and a knife edge interchange locking handle, and a measuring assembly is arranged on the upper end surface of the base; the utility model can measure the gravity acceleration through the compound pendulum and the inverted pendulum experiment, designs the pendulum rod position reference scale on the upright post of the instrument, and fixes the initial position of the pendulum rod when the pendulum rod swings, thus the data consistency of the swing period of the repeated measurement pendulum rod is good, and the photoelectric door is arranged on the upright post, and the photoelectric door can move up and down on the upright post when the swing period is measured aiming at different points of the pendulum rod, thereby not only facilitating the measurement, but also reducing the experiment space.

Description

Compound pendulum and reversible pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of experimental instruments, in particular to a compound pendulum and inverted pendulum comprehensive experimental instrument.

Background

The compound pendulum inverted pendulum experiment instrument is a basic experiment of college physics and is an instrument used in some colleges and universities.

When the existing compound pendulum inverted pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument is used for carrying out pendulum swing experiments, the initial position of a pendulum rod is not provided with a determined position, when the swing period is measured, a stopwatch is used by some manufacturers, a photoelectric gate is used by some manufacturers, and the position is unstable, so that the consistency of measurement result data can be influenced.

Therefore, the complex pendulum and reversible pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument is provided for solving the problems.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a compound pendulum and inverted pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument, which solves the problems that when the existing compound pendulum and inverted pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument is provided in the background art to carry out a pendulum swing experiment, the initial position of a pendulum rod is not determined, and when a swing period is measured, the consistency of measurement result data can be influenced by using a stopwatch by some manufacturers, using a photoelectric gate by some manufacturers and having unstable positions.

In order to realize the purpose, the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model relates to a compound pendulum reversible pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument, which comprises a base; the upper surface of base is provided with the spirit level, the last fixed surface of base is connected with the stand, stand one end fixedly connected with sword holds and the edge of a knife exchanges locking handle, the up end of base is provided with measuring component, and through removing the photoelectric door support, pendulum rod position reference scale on the photoelectric door makes things convenient for the measurement of the cycle of pendulum rod, makes instrument overall structure perfect more and reduces the experimental space.

Preferably, the measuring component comprises a photoelectric support which is sleeved on the stand column, the upper surface of the photoelectric support is fixedly connected with a photoelectric door, one side of the photoelectric support is in threaded sleeve connection with a locking hand wheel, and through the arrangement, the measuring is facilitated, and the experimental space is reduced.

Preferably, a triangular knife edge is arranged on one side of the knife bearing and knife edge interchange locking handle, an insertion knife edge I is arranged on the upper surface of the knife bearing and knife edge interchange locking handle, and a U-shaped knife bearing is arranged at the bottom of the insertion knife edge I.

Preferably, a swing rod is arranged in the U-shaped cutter bearing, the first insertion knife edge is connected with the swing rod and then is jointly erected on the U-shaped cutter bearing, a first bakelite pendulum bob, a first iron pendulum bob, a second bakelite pendulum bob and a second iron pendulum bob are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the swing rod from top to bottom, and through the arrangement, different pendulum bob can be movably installed at different positions on the swing rod from top to bottom, so that approximately same swing periods of the inverted pendulum can be obtained.

Preferably, the upper surface and the lower surface of pendulum rod all are provided with M3 screw rod, the outside screw thread of M3 screw rod has cup jointed a stop nut and fine setting nut, the M3 screw rod other end is provided with the light-blocking post, the inside in pendulum rod hole is provided with aggravates the erection column, the surface that aggravates the erection column sets up No. two stop nuts, No. two stop nuts have outward to aggravate the piece and make the pendulum rod make it be in balanced state on the desktop edge of a knife through adjusting fine setting nut for "0" position installation.

Preferably, a clamping plate is arranged on the outer side of the oscillating rod and located at the bottom end of the second bakelite pendulum, and an insertion knife edge II is formed in the outer side face of the clamping plate.

Preferably, the upper surface of the photoelectric door is detachably connected with a swing rod position reference scale, the outer surface of the swing rod position reference scale is provided with a reticle with numbers, and observation in measurement is facilitated through the arrangement.

Preferably, the lower surface of the base is fixedly connected with three leveling feet, the upper surface of the base is provided with three leveling hand wheels corresponding to the three leveling feet, and the arrangement can increase the placing stability of the device.

The utility model provides a compound pendulum and inverted pendulum comprehensive experimental instrument, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. the utility model can measure the gravity acceleration through the compound pendulum and the inverted pendulum experiment, designs the pendulum rod position reference scale on the upright post of the instrument, and fixes the initial position of the pendulum rod when the pendulum rod swings, thus the data consistency of the swing period of the repeated measurement pendulum rod is good, and the photoelectric door is arranged on the upright post, and the photoelectric door can move up and down on the upright post when the swing period is measured aiming at different points of the pendulum rod, thereby not only facilitating the measurement, but also reducing the experiment space.

2. The experiment contents which can be completed by the utility model are as follows: researching the relation between the swing period of the physical pendulum and the position of a swing shaft; solving a conjugate point and an equivalent simple pendulum length of the measured physical pendulum; measuring the gravity acceleration; researching the fine adjustment principle of the period of the compound pendulum; assembling the inverted pendulum of Kett; the center of impact of the pendulum was tested.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic right-view structural diagram according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a pendulum rod position reference scale according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an assembly drawing of the swing link position reference scale and the photoelectric door bracket according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a swing period and a swing axis position of a physical swing according to a first embodiment;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a mount method of the ketjen pendulum according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the impact center of gravity of the first embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a mounting structure of the weight plate according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the clamping plate and the inserting blade II in the first embodiment;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the balance position between the center "0" of the swing rod and the knife edge on the table top in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.

In the figure: 1. a base; 2. a level; 3. a column; 4. the cutter bearing and the cutter edge are exchanged to lock the handle; 5. a triangular knife edge; 6. inserting a knife edge I; 7. a U-shaped knife bearing; 8. a swing rod; 9. a first bakelite pendulum bob; 10. a first iron pendulum bob; 11. an M3 screw; 12. a first limit nut; 13. fine adjustment of the nut; 14. a light blocking column; 15. A leveling hand wheel; 16. leveling the bottom feet; 17. a second bakelite pendulum bob; 18. a second iron pendulum bob; 19. clamping a plate; 20. inserting a knife edge II; 21. a photovoltaic mount; 22. a photogate; 23. locking a hand wheel; 24. the position of the swing rod is referred to the scale; 25. a digital millisecond meter; 26. a weighted mounting post; 27. a weighting sheet; 28. and a second limit nut. 29. Desktop upper knife edge

Wherein the digital millisecond meter (25) is of type (MUJ-IIIA).

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10, the complex pendulum can inverted pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument includes a base 1; a leveling instrument 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the base 1, an upright post 3 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base 1, a knife bearing and knife edge interchange locking handle 4 is fixedly connected to one end, far away from the leveling instrument 2, of the upright post 3, and a measuring assembly is arranged on the upper end surface of the base 1; during operation, through being equipped with measuring component, can make things convenient for the measurement of the cycle of pendulum rod 8 through pendulum rod position reference scale 24, make instrument overall structure perfect more and reduce the experimental space, not only make things convenient for the measurement, reduced the experimental space moreover.

The measuring component comprises a photoelectric support 21, the photoelectric support 21 is sleeved on the upright post (3), the upper surface of the photoelectric support 21 is fixedly connected with a photoelectric door 22, and a locking hand wheel 23 is sleeved on one side of the photoelectric support 21 in a threaded manner; in operation, the photoelectric door 22 is installed on the upright post 3 to move up and down, so that the measurement is convenient, and the experimental space is reduced.

One side of the knife bearing and knife edge interchange locking handle 4 is provided with a triangular knife edge 5, the upper surface of the knife bearing and knife edge interchange locking handle 4 is provided with an insertion knife edge 6, and the bottom of the insertion knife edge 6 is provided with a U-shaped knife bearing 7.

A swing rod 8 is arranged inside the U-shaped knife bearing 7, the U-shaped knife bearing 7 is inserted into a knife edge I6 and connected with the swing rod 8, and then the U-shaped knife bearing 7 is jointly erected on the U-shaped knife bearing, and a first bakelite pendulum bob 9, a first iron pendulum bob 10, a second bakelite pendulum bob 17 and a second iron pendulum bob 18 are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the swing rod 8 from top to bottom; the during operation through so setting up, can measure the pendulum of difference to obtain different data.

The upper surface and the lower surface of pendulum rod 8 all are provided with M3 screw rod 11, and the outside screw thread of M3 screw rod 11 has cup jointed limit nut 12 and fine setting nut 13 No. one, and the M3 screw rod 11 other end is provided with light-blocking post 14, the M3 screw rod 11 other end is provided with light-blocking post 14, the inside in 8 holes of pendulum rod is provided with aggravates erection column 26, the surface that aggravates erection column 26 sets up No. two limit nut 28, No. two limit nut 28 has outward and aggravates piece 27, makes the pendulum rod for "0" position through adjusting fine setting nut, installs and makes it be in balanced state on the desktop edge of a knife.

A clamping plate 19 is arranged on the outer side of the swing rod 8, the clamping plate 19 is located at the bottom end of the second bakelite pendulum bob 17, and an insertion knife edge II 20 is formed in the outer side face of the clamping plate 19; when the swing rod works, the insertion knife edge II 20 is arranged, and the swing rod can be placed in any hole of the swing rod.

The upper surface of the photoelectric door 22 is detachably connected with a swing rod position reference scale 24, and the outer surface of the swing rod position reference scale 24 is provided with a scale line with numbers; during operation, the position of the swing rod is arranged to refer to the scale 24, so that the accuracy of the experiment can be improved.

The lower surface of the base 1 is fixedly connected with three leveling feet 16, and three leveling hand wheels 15 are arranged on the upper surface of the base 1 corresponding to the three leveling feet 16.

Example two

Referring to fig. 6, in a first comparative example, as another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of holes are formed in a surface of a swing link 8, and a distance between any two adjacent holes is ten millimeters; during operation, the photoelectric door 22 and the support are moved up and down to adjust the position of the light blocking rod, and the light blocking rod and the reference swing rod are simultaneously swung with a small swing amplitude by referring to the scale 24, and the vibration period of each hole is measured by the digital millisecond meter 25.

The working principle is as follows:

experiment one: and researching the relation between the swing period of the physical pendulum and the position of a swing shaft, solving a conjugate point and an equivalent pendulum length of the physical pendulum, and measuring the gravity acceleration.

The experimental steps are as follows:

the instrument is stably placed on a stable experiment table, the level 2 is arranged on the base 1, the level of the instrument is adjusted through the leveling hand wheel 15, and the swing rod 8 is in a vertical state through adjusting the leveling hand wheel 15.

And (II) placing the pendulum rod 8 of the compound pendulum on a knife edge on the desktop, taking the center '0' of the pendulum rod 8 as a datum point, namely the gravity center position of the compound pendulum, adjusting a fine adjustment nut, determining the balance position of the center and the knife edge on the desktop, and keeping the position unchanged after the fine adjustment nut 13 is adjusted.

And the position of each hole on the swing rod 8 is 10 mm.

Fourthly, each hole of the compound pendulum oscillating bar 8 is hung on a triangular knife edge in turn to be hung or hung upside down, the position of the photoelectric door 22 and the light blocking rod is adjusted by moving up and down and the support, meanwhile, the position of the photoelectric door 22 and the light blocking rod are referred to a scale 24 with the reference oscillating bar position, the oscillating bar swings with small swing amplitude, the oscillation period of each hole is measured by a digital millisecond meter 25, and the default period of the millisecond meter is 10 times

And (V) reading or measuring the distance from the inner diameter of each hole and the contact point of the knife edge to the gravity center of the compound pendulum.

And (VI) drawing a relation graph between the vibration period and the position of the rotating shaft, solving a conjugate point and an equivalent single pendulum length of the physical pendulum, and calculating the gravity acceleration. The gravitational acceleration is obtained according to the following formula.

The gravity acceleration g can be obtained by the following formula

Experiment two: the fine adjustment principle of the period of the compound pendulum is researched.

The experimental steps are as follows:

two fine tuning nuts 13 at two ends of the compound pendulum are adjusted, and the structure chart can be used for reading out the small change of the period on a period tester so as to research the fine tuning principle of the period of the compound pendulum.

(II) researching the fine adjustment of the compound pendulum by different emphasis points:

in the experiment a, in the assembly state of a compound pendulum experiment, a hole is selected as a rotating shaft, a weighted mounting column is arranged on a swing rod 8, weighted pieces and measuring periods are added on the column one by one, and the period can be seen to change along with the difference of the added weight.

In the experiment b, the weighting process is repeated at 4-5 points on the whole swing rod 8, and the period is measured, so that the period can be seen to change along with different weighting positions.

When the pendulum rod 8 swings, the initial position of the pendulum rod 8 is determined according to the pendulum rod position reference scale 24, so that the consistency of the swing period data is ensured

Experiment three: the kenter pendulum experiment (see fig. 2 for the method of installation of the kenter pendulum).

The experimental steps are as follows:

and (I) rotating the U-shaped knife bearing 7 and the triangular knife edge 5 by 180 degrees, and switching the U-shaped knife bearing 7 to the front.

(II) according to the position of the right view of the assembly drawing, four pendulums are arranged on the swinging rod 8, or according to the position of fig. 6

Iron and plastic are symmetrically arranged on the swing rod 8. The purpose is to counteract the air buoyancy effect and reduce the drag effect during the experiment. Then the swing rod 8 is put into the notch formed by the U-shaped knife to support the knife edge.

And (III) moving the photoelectric door 22, the bracket and the swing rod up and down according to a compound pendulum experiment mode to ensure that the photoelectric door, the bracket and the swing rod are right opposite to the light blocking column 14 by referring to the scale 24.

The Kaite pendulum can be hung on the U-shaped knife bearing 7 positively and also can be hung upside down by dropping one head, and each pendulum bob and the inserted knife edge can move on the swing rod 8, and the positions of the pendulum bob and the inserted knife edge are changed, so that the swing periods T1 and T2 of the first knife edge and the second knife edge hung on the bracket can be realized, and the distance between the first knife edge and the second knife edge

As shown in fig. 6, the equivalent pendulum length L can be accurately measured, and after the period T is measured, the equivalent pendulum length L can be measured according to the formula

The gravitational acceleration is found.

In practice, it is difficult to adjust the pendulum periods T1 and T2 to be the same, and T1 is enough to be approximately equal to T2, the gravity center G of the pendulum can be obtained by using a desktop knife edge, and the distances from O or O' to G are h1 and h 2. See fig. 6, then, the formula:

the gravity acceleration g is calculated more accurately.

The large plastic hammer and the small metal hammer can be used for injection on the swing rod 8, the two hammers can be moved, the insertion knife edge can also be moved, and the formula can be used when the selected position can find the position which is basically the same as the position of T1 and T2

Find out the acceleration of gravity

Experiment four: and calculating the impact gravity center of the rod.

The manner shown in fig. 7 verifies that: if the rod is vertically suspended, the impact quantity S is added to the proper height of the side surface of the rod to see whether the transverse force is generated at the rotating shaft O simultaneously to generate the impact.

An inserting knife edge is arranged on a second hole at the upper end of the swing rod 8 and then fixed by a clamping plate 19. The swing rod 8 is placed on the U-shaped knife bearing 7 by a knife edge, the distance from the rotating shaft O to the mass center C is a, the pendulum 8 is knocked by a knocking hammer at different heights of the left side surface and the right side surface of the pendulum, when a knocking point is above a K point, the knife edge moves towards the same knocking direction on the plane of the knife bearing because the rotating shaft O is simultaneously subjected to the action of collision impulse S, if the knocking point is below the K point, the knife edge moves towards the opposite direction, and if the knocking point is just below the K point, the knife edge does not move. The point at this time, where the knife edge is not affected by the impact impulse, is the impact center K, and in the above example, a is 3/4L.

As can be seen from the measurement data in the following table, the determination of the initial position of the swing rod 8 enables the periodic data to have good consistency, and meanwhile, the photoelectric door 22 and the bracket move up and down on the upright post 3, so that the measurement is convenient.

Experimental data verify that three optional points of data of importance of the swing rod swing reference scale are as follows:

in the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the utility model. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the utility model as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a but compound pendulum inverted pendulum comprehensive experiment appearance which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: base (1), the upper surface of base (1) is provided with spirit level (2), the last fixed surface of base (1) is connected with stand (3), keep away from stand (3) the one end fixedly connected with sword hold and the edge of a knife interchange locking handle (4) of spirit level (2), the up end of base (1) is provided with measuring component.

2. The compound pendulum can inverted pendulum comprehensive experiment instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring component comprises a photoelectric support (21), the photoelectric support (21) is sleeved on the upright column (3), a photoelectric door (22) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the photoelectric support (21), and a locking hand wheel (23) is sleeved on one side of the photoelectric support (21) in a threaded manner.

3. The compound pendulum can inverted pendulum comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: a triangular knife edge (5) is arranged on one side of the knife bearing and knife edge interchange locking handle (4), a first insertion knife edge (6) is arranged on the upper surface of the knife bearing and knife edge interchange locking handle (4), and a U-shaped knife bearing (7) is arranged at the bottom of the first insertion knife edge (6).

4. The compound pendulum can inverted pendulum comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that: the U-shaped cutter bearing is characterized in that a swing rod (8) is arranged in the U-shaped cutter bearing (7), the inserted cutter edge I (6) is connected with the swing rod (8) and then is jointly erected on the U-shaped cutter bearing (7), and a first bakelite pendulum (9), a first iron pendulum (10), a second bakelite pendulum (17) and a second iron pendulum (18) are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the swing rod (8) from top to bottom.

5. The compound pendulum can inverted pendulum comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that: the upper surface and the lower surface of pendulum rod (8) all are provided with M3 screw rod (11), No. one stop nut (12) and fine setting nut (13) have been cup jointed to the outside screw thread of M3 screw rod (11), M3 screw rod (11) other end is provided with light-blocking post (14), the inside in pendulum rod (8) hole is provided with aggravates erection column (26), the surface that aggravates erection column (26) sets up No. two stop nut (28), No. two stop nut (28) have outward and aggravate piece (27).

6. The compound pendulum can inverted pendulum comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that: a clamping plate (19) is arranged on the outer side of the oscillating rod (8), the clamping plate (19) is located at the bottom end of the second bakelite pendulum bob (17), and an insertion knife edge II (20) is formed in the outer side face of the clamping plate (19).

7. The compound pendulum can inverted pendulum comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upper surface of the photoelectric door (22) is detachably connected with a swing rod position reference scale (24), and the outer surface of the swing rod position reference scale (24) is provided with a scale line with numbers.

8. The compound pendulum can inverted pendulum comprehensive experimental instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower surface of the base (1) is fixedly connected with three leveling feet (16), and the upper surface of the base (1) is provided with three leveling hand wheels (15) corresponding to the three leveling feet (16).

Images